Urban Green-Blue Spaces (UGBS) offer numerous intangible benefits, especially during crises. Pandemic restrictions globally forced social distancing, limited travel, and curtailed visits to UGBS. While some studies have linked public health to UGBS use during COVID-19, few have comprehensively examined the interplay between visiting patterns, demographics, unhealthy habits, mental and physical health, and willingness to pay (WTP). This gap is particularly evident in NW China, where UGBS are scarce but urban areas are densely populated. Therefore, understanding the relationship between UGBS utilization and public health during the pandemic is crucial. This representative study in Lanzhou, the core city of NW China, aimed to elucidate public engagement with UGBS during the pandemic and its effects on health and well-being, providing a comprehensive analysis of these multifaceted interactions. The findings reveal that proximity, transportation modes, and urban infrastructure significantly influence UGBS utilization. Frequent and prolonged engagement with UGBS enhances perceived mental and physical health benefits, driving higher WTP among younger adults, educated individuals, married people, and long-term residents. Conversely, longer travel times decrease WTP, underscoring the need for accessible UGBS. Notably, smokers and drinkers also report greater benefits from UGBS, likely due to their appreciation of restorative effects. To maximize UGBS utilization and support, urban planners should enhance accessibility by strategically locating UGBS within walking distance of residential areas and improving public transportation links. Promoting regular use through community activities and extended operating hours can encourage more frequent and longer visits. Targeted educational campaigns for older and less-educated demographics can raise awareness of UGBS benefits. Incorporating health-promoting features such as walking trails and quiet areas can further enhance the physical and mental health benefits of UGBS. Community involvement in planning and maintenance is crucial to ensure these spaces meet local needs. Implementing supportive policies that maintain accessibility and appeal for all economic segments will make UGBS inclusive and sustainable, fostering healthier, more resilient urban communities. This study empirically demonstrates the crucial role of UGBS for residents during crises, offering insights that can guide urban spatial policies and green space management in other cities.