Environmental Impact Assessment Review最新文献_第9页

Tracing carbon flow to unravel carbon lock-in in China through a supernetwork-based perspective for targeted decarbonization 通过基于超网络的定向脱碳视角追踪碳流以解开中国的碳锁定

IF 11.2 1区社会学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Environmental Impact Assessment Review

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.eiar.2025.108278

Quan Wen , Ruixue Mao , Yuxi Zheng , Shipian Shao , Dabo Guan

The pathway to carbon neutrality requires not only reducing emissions but also addressing the structural complexity of how emissions are generated, transmitted, and embedded across regions and sectors. Conventional mitigation strategies target high-emission locations, yet they overlook who emits, who enables, and who intermediates in the carbon system. This study develops a carbon flow supernetwork by integrating multi-regional input-output analysis with supernetwork theory, enabling tracing where emissions occur, how they move, and who sustains them from 2007 to 2017. Results reveal a three-layered structure of carbon lock-in in China. Upstream emitters like Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, and Hebei concentrate emissions through coal-based electricity and heavy industries. Downstream distributors, notably coastal regions such as Guangdong and Jiangsu, account for over 60 % of carbon inflows via embedded trade and final demand. Structural intermediaries, including Shandong and Henan via logistics and information services, exhibit high network centrality and govern carbon circulation despite moderate emission levels. Furthermore, the Jing-Jin-Ji and Yangtze River Delta function as systemic carbon anchors, where dense industrial networks and embedded supply chains lock China's economy into high-emission trajectories. As the system matured from 2007 to 2015, connectivity and internal carbon cycling increased, but signs of topological reconfiguration emerged post-2015, coinciding with China's green transition efforts. Carbon governance should shift from targeting emission volume to incorporating network-sensitive, system-level interventions. Prioritizing central intermediaries and redesigning flow pathways offers a more effective and equitable route toward carbon neutrality in structurally complex economies like China.

实现碳中和的途径不仅需要减少排放，还需要解决排放如何在地区和部门之间产生、传输和嵌入的结构复杂性。传统的减缓战略以高排放地区为目标，但它们忽略了谁排放、谁使能以及谁在碳系统中充当中间角色。本研究通过将多区域投入产出分析与超级网络理论相结合，开发了一个碳流超级网络，可以追踪2007年至2017年排放发生在哪里、如何移动以及谁在维持排放。结果表明，中国的碳锁定具有三层结构。上游排放国如内蒙古、山西和河北通过燃煤发电和重工业集中排放。下游分销商，特别是广东和江苏等沿海地区，通过嵌入式贸易和最终需求占碳流入的60%以上。结构性中介机构，包括山东和河南的物流和信息服务，在碳排放水平适中的情况下，表现出较高的网络中心性，并对碳循环起着主导作用。此外，京津冀和长三角是系统性的碳锚，密集的工业网络和嵌入式供应链将中国经济锁定在高排放轨道上。从2007年到2015年，随着系统的成熟，连通性和内部碳循环增加，但在2015年后，随着中国的绿色转型努力，出现了拓扑重构的迹象。碳治理应该从以排放量为目标转向纳入对网络敏感的系统级干预措施。在中国这样结构复杂的经济体中，优先考虑中央中介机构和重新设计流动路径为实现碳中和提供了一条更有效、更公平的途径。

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引用次数: 0

The driving factors of CO2 emissions in China's resource processing industry: Evidence from an income-based accounting perspective 中国资源加工业二氧化碳排放驱动因素分析：基于收入核算视角的证据

IF 11.2 1区社会学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Environmental Impact Assessment Review

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.eiar.2025.108277

Jixin Wen , Manzhi Liu , Lili He

The resource processing industry is currently the primary contributor to CO₂ emissions in China, and it is also a pivotal point in the industrial chain where the transition to a low-carbon model can be realised. This study constructed a decomposition model for income-based CO₂ emission drivers in an industry using Ghosh input-output model and Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) method. The model was then applied to China's resource processing industry from 2017 to 2020. Furthermore, it simulates the potential evolution trends and contribution differences of drivers influencing income-based CO₂ emissions in China's resource processing industry before 2050. The findings reveal that from 2017 to 2020, income-based CO₂ emissions in China's resource processing industry exhibited an initial decrease followed by an increase, with an aggregate growth of 11.71 %, in which the economic scale emerged as the primary carbon-promoting factor, while the intermediate goods import scale and energy intensity were identified as the key carbon-inhibiting factors. Notably, the primary input structure and intermediate goods supply structure underwent a shift from carbon-inhibiting to carbon-promoting effects. With the exception of the baseline scenario (peaking in 2033), alternative policy scenarios have the potential to ensure that the income-based CO₂ emissions of China's resource processing industry to reach their peak in a timely manner. The scenario analysis also shows that the coordinated promotion of energy structure transformation, industrial structure adjustment and improvement of intermediate goods supply structure is an effective way to reduce emissions.

资源加工业是目前中国二氧化碳排放的主要来源，也是实现低碳转型的产业链关键环节。本研究采用Ghosh投入产出模型和对数平均分割指数（LMDI）方法构建了基于收入的产业二氧化碳排放驱动因素分解模型。然后将该模型应用于2017 - 2020年中国资源加工业。此外，还模拟了2050年前中国资源加工业基于收入的CO2排放驱动因素的潜在演化趋势和贡献差异。研究结果表明，2017 - 2020年，中国资源加工业基于收入的二氧化碳排放量呈现先降后增的趋势，总增长率为11.71%，其中经济规模成为主要的碳促进因素，中间产品进口规模和能源强度是主要的碳抑制因素。值得注意的是，初级投入结构和中间产品供给结构经历了碳抑制效应向碳促进效应的转变。除了基线情景（2033年达到峰值）外，其他政策情景都有可能确保中国资源加工业基于收入的二氧化碳排放量及时达到峰值。情景分析还表明，协调推进能源结构转型、产业结构调整和中间产品供给结构改善是减排的有效途径。

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引用次数: 0

Carbon trading in the construction industry: A systematic review and a vigorous impact assessment framework to facilitate implementation 建造业的碳交易：有系统的检讨和有力的影响评估框架，以促进实施

IF 11.2 1区社会学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Environmental Impact Assessment Review

Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.eiar.2025.108271

Ying Liu , Becky P.Y. Loo

While carbon trading is considered a promising global market mechanism for promoting the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, it has been underdeveloped in the construction industry. Furthermore, existing studies on carbon trading in construction focus almost exclusively on cutting operational emissions, disregarding embodied carbon (EC) due to challenges in measuring material-side emissions, allocating allowances, and ensuring feasibility. To overcome these barriers, this study systematically analyses the literature and proposes a replicable multi-objective optimisation (MOO) framework that evaluates construction-sector emission trading system (ETS) designs by simultaneously maximising contractor participation, financial viability and EC abatement. Six real-world prototypes (five Chinese pilots plus the EU model) are tested using the case of Hong Kong. With a manageable size of construction contractors and available data on residential and non-residential construction area in Hong Kong, the MOO model allows the regulator to observe how EC benchmarks, fees and penalties affect participation and costs—making the city an ideal pilot ground. Our research findings suggest that a linked-ETS following the Beijing Model with moderate entry fees, high penalties, and transparent pricing could achieve 100 % participation, stable financial returns, moderate increase in construction cost, and effective carbon abatement. Academically, this study presents the first contractor-level optimisation toolkit that integrates EC metrics into emissions-trading design. Methodologically, our MOO framework is fully replicable across regions and construction typologies. To policy makers, this study estimates fees, benchmarks and penalty schedules that regulators can deploy flexibly to link construction to stand-alone or regional ETS to achieve carbon reduction while preserving industry competitiveness.

虽然碳交易被认为是一种有前景的促进温室气体减排的全球市场机制，但它在建筑行业还不发达。此外，关于建筑行业碳交易的现有研究几乎只关注于减少运营排放，而忽略了隐含碳（EC），因为在测量材料侧排放、分配配额和确保可行性方面存在挑战。为了克服这些障碍，本研究系统地分析了文献，并提出了一个可复制的多目标优化（MOO）框架，该框架通过同时最大化承包商参与、财务可行性和EC减排来评估建筑行业排放交易系统（ETS）设计。六个真实世界的原型（五个中国试点加上欧盟模型）以香港为例进行测试。香港的建筑承建商规模可管理，住宅和非住宅建筑面积的数据也可获得，MOO模式使监管机构能够观察EC的基准、费用和罚款对参与和成本的影响，使香港成为理想的试点地。我们的研究结果表明，遵循北京模式、适度入会费、高额罚款和透明定价的挂钩碳排放交易体系可以实现100%的参与、稳定的财务回报、适度的建设成本增长和有效的碳减排。在学术上，本研究提出了第一个将EC指标整合到排放交易设计中的承包商级优化工具包。在方法上，我们的MOO框架是完全可复制的跨区域和建筑类型。对于政策制定者来说，本研究估计了监管机构可以灵活部署的费用、基准和处罚时间表，以将建设与独立或区域碳排放交易体系联系起来，在保持行业竞争力的同时实现碳减排。

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引用次数: 0

An impact assessment and decision support tool for geothermal projects in Aotearoa 奥特罗阿地热项目影响评估和决策支持工具

IF 11.2 1区社会学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Environmental Impact Assessment Review

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.eiar.2025.108273

Nona Taute , Te Kipa Kēpa Brian Morgan , Jason Ingham , Rosalind Archer , Tumanako Fa'aui

In Aotearoa, geothermal resource management requires assessing sustainability trends across environmental, cultural, social, and economic dimensions, as mandated by legislation. While triple-bottom-line approaches are well-established for evaluating environmental, social, and economic impacts, cultural impacts are typically assessed separately. This report introduces a novel decision-support tool that integrates all four dimensions, offering a comprehensive quadruple-bottom-line impact assessment specifically for the geothermal industry. The tool adapts the Mauri Model Decision Making Framework, traditionally used for engineering projects, by identifying a transferable set of indicators tailored to geothermal developments in the Central North Island.

The tool was developed through a combination of mātauranga Māori and Western knowledge, employing diverse research methodologies. Cultural indicators and thresholds were informed by over 16 h of wānanga (collaborative workshops) with Māori participants and augmented by literature reviews, as detailed in Taute, Morgan (Taute et al., 2022; Taute et al., 2023). Environmental, social, and economic indicators were developed through participatory action research, including consultations with 14 industry professionals from organisations such as GNS Science, the New Zealand Geothermal Association, and major geothermal companies. Over 500 potential indicators were reviewed, with expert feedback refining the final indicator set and thresholds for industry alignment. The final set contained 112 indicators with thresholds. This tool ensures that cultural impacts are systematically evaluated together with conventional sustainability metrics, addressing a critical gap in geothermal impact assessments. It offers a robust framework for holistic decision-making in geothermal resource management.

在奥特罗阿，地热资源管理需要评估环境、文化、社会和经济各方面的可持续性趋势，这是法律规定的。虽然三重底线方法在评估环境、社会和经济影响方面已经建立，但文化影响通常是单独评估的。本报告介绍了一种新颖的决策支持工具，该工具集成了所有四个维度，为地热行业提供了全面的四底线影响评估。该工具采用了传统上用于工程项目的Mauri模型决策框架，确定了一套适合中北岛地热开发的可转移指标。该工具是通过结合mātauranga Māori和西方知识，采用多种研究方法开发的。文化指标和阈值是通过与Māori参与者进行超过16小时的wānanga（协作研讨会）了解的，并通过文献综述加以补充，详见Taute， Morgan （Taute et al., 2022; Taute et al., 2023）。环境、社会和经济指标是通过参与性行动研究制定的，包括与来自GNS科学、新西兰地热协会和主要地热公司等组织的14位行业专业人士进行磋商。对500多个潜在指标进行了审查，专家反馈完善了最终指标集和行业一致性的阈值。最后一套指标包含112个有阈值的指标。该工具确保了文化影响与传统的可持续性指标一起得到系统评估，解决了地热影响评估中的一个关键空白。它为地热资源管理的整体决策提供了一个强有力的框架。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative multi-algorithm AI framework for real-time carbon emission optimization in a medium-scale irrigation project in Thailand 泰国某中等规模灌溉项目实时碳排放优化的多算法AI框架比较

IF 11.2 1区社会学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Environmental Impact Assessment Review

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.eiar.2025.108276

Chiratthawat Mueangphaen , Wuttipong Kusonkhum , Kittiwet Kuntiyawichai , Tanyada Pannachet , Ratamanee Nuntasarn , Maetee Boonpichetvong

This study develops and validates a real-time carbon monitoring framework that integrates automated meteorological data with operational construction logs to enhance environmental impact assessment (EIA) methodology for tropical infrastructure projects. Leveraging 2332 h of synchronized climate–operational data from a reinforced-concrete sluice gate project in Thailand, the framework addresses critical gaps in carbon governance for medium-scale irrigation construction, a sector underrepresented in current EIA literature yet vital to climate adaptation in emerging economies. Three machine learning models (artificial neural networks, random forest, and extreme gradient boosting) were used to capture complex emission patterns. Under the tested monsoon scenarios, all models achieved high predictive fidelity (R² = 0.997–0.998) with low normalized errors (mean absolute scaled error < 0.05). The framework demonstrated 5 %–30 % potential emission reduction across operational–climatic scenarios, confirming its robustness for tropical infrastructure management and showing robust cross-algorithm consensus. Feature importance analysis highlighted embodied carbon in concrete (59.7 %) and steel reinforcement (24.8 %) as the primary emission sources, while environmental conditions emerged as influential factors. Furthermore, lower embodied‑carbon levels were observed during operational periods under ambient temperatures below 28 °C. The framework facilitates climate-responsive construction planning via real-time emission forecasting, scenario testing, and adaptive resource optimization. A three-tier implementation strategy encompassing climate-adaptive material scheduling, climate-responsive planning, and scenario-based emission testing demonstrates 5 %–30 % reduction potential while accommodating the technological constraints of tropical developing economies. This approach advances EIA methodology from retrospective assessment toward predictive, climate-responsive decision support, offering a scalable framework for integrating real-time carbon management into digital EIA platforms and aiding national net-zero infrastructure goals.

本研究开发并验证了一个实时碳监测框架，该框架将自动气象数据与实际施工日志相结合，以增强热带基础设施项目的环境影响评估（EIA）方法。利用来自泰国一个钢筋混凝土闸门项目的2332小时同步气候运行数据，该框架解决了中等规模灌溉建设碳治理方面的关键空白，这一领域在当前的环境影响评估文献中代表性不足，但对新兴经济体的气候适应至关重要。使用三种机器学习模型（人工神经网络、随机森林和极端梯度增强）来捕获复杂的发射模式。在季风情景下，所有模型均具有较高的预测保真度（R2 = 0.997-0.998），归一化误差（平均绝对尺度误差<； 0.05）较小。该框架展示了在各种运行气候情景下减排5% - 30%的潜力，证实了其对热带基础设施管理的鲁棒性，并显示了强大的跨算法共识。特征重要性分析显示混凝土（59.7%）和钢筋（24.8%）是主要排放源，环境条件是影响因素。此外，在环境温度低于28°C的操作期间，观察到较低的隐含碳水平。该框架通过实时排放预测、情景测试和适应性资源优化，促进气候响应型建筑规划。包括气候适应性材料调度、气候响应性规划和基于场景的排放测试在内的三层实施战略表明，在适应热带发展中经济体的技术限制的同时，减排潜力可达5% - 30%。这种方法将环境影响评估方法从回顾性评估推进到预测性、气候响应性决策支持，提供了一个可扩展的框架，将实时碳管理整合到数字环境影响评估平台中，并帮助实现国家净零基础设施目标。

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引用次数: 0

Innovative safety framework and direct load–settlement method to optimize vertical subgrade modulus in sustainable mat foundations 创新安全框架和直接荷载沉降法优化可持续垫基垂直路基模量

IF 11.2 1区社会学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Environmental Impact Assessment Review

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.eiar.2025.108191

Antonio J. Sánchez-Garrido , José F. Moreno-Serrano , Ignacio J. Navarro , Víctor Yepes

This work presents a rigorously formulated methodology for directly estimating the vertical subgrade modulus (Ks) in slab foundations, overcoming key deficiencies of conventional indirect and semi-direct approaches. The model integrates elastic half-space theory with multilayer settlement analysis and oedometer-based consolidation mechanics, explicitly incorporating depth of influence and load compensation effects—parameters typically excluded from standard practice. The proposed formulation yields a Ks value of 5.30 MN/m³, closely matching the harmonic mean of established upper (17.82 MN/m³) and lower (2.91 MN/m³) bounds, thereby producing a modulus consistent with elastic energy principles and mechanistically grounded, suitable for advanced soil–structure interaction modeling. A new, application-specific safety coefficient for Ks is introduced, offering a calibrated metric for reliability-based foundation design under spatially variable subsurface conditions. The study implements a life-cycle sustainability assessment across three reinforced concrete slab foundation alternatives, utilizing a hybrid neutrosophic analytic hierarchy process (NAHP-G) in conjunction with the ELECTRE IS multi-criteria decision method. This framework enables integrated evaluation across structural, environmental, and socio-economic dimensions. Results indicate a 2.5-fold enhancement in the social safety index and a 50 % relative improvement in sustainability performance compared with baseline methodologies. The outcomes delineate a unified analytical and decision-making framework for subgrade characterization and foundation optimization, advancing the state of practice in geotechnical design and sustainability integration.

这项工作提出了一种严格制定的方法，用于直接估计平板基础中的垂直路基模量（Ks），克服了传统间接和半直接方法的主要缺陷。该模型将弹性半空间理论与多层沉降分析和基于深度计的固结力学相结合，明确地纳入了影响深度和荷载补偿效应——这些参数通常不包括在标准实践中。该公式的Ks值为5.30 MN/m3，与建立的上限（17.82 MN/m3）和下限（2.91 MN/m3）的调和平均值非常接近，从而产生符合弹性能原理且力学接地的模量，适合高级土-结构相互作用建模。为Ks引入了一种新的、特定于应用的安全系数，为空间可变地下条件下基于可靠性的基础设计提供了校准指标。该研究利用混合中性层次分析法（NAHP-G）和ELECTRE IS多标准决策方法，对三种钢筋混凝土板基础方案进行了生命周期可持续性评估。该框架能够在结构、环境和社会经济方面进行综合评价。结果表明，与基线方法相比，社会安全指数提高了2.5倍，可持续性绩效相对提高了50%。研究结果为路基表征和基础优化提供了统一的分析和决策框架，推动了岩土工程设计和可持续性整合的实践状态。

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引用次数: 0

Environmental sustainability of green roofs in urban areas 城市绿化屋顶的环境可持续性

IF 11.2 1区社会学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Environmental Impact Assessment Review

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.eiar.2025.108270

Débora Pons Fiorentin , Sandra Rafael , Paula Quinteiro

Developing urban areas without considering green spaces enhances cities' vulnerabilities to the effects of climate change. To deal with such challenges, the European Union has promoted integration between buildings and Nature-based Solutions (NBS). Green roofs are a type of NBS and have been identified as a key strategy to enhance urban resilience. Although green roofs are seen as an environmentally friendly strategy to address the environmental challenges faced in urban areas, there is still limited evidence regarding the green roofs' potential environmental impacts throughout their life cycle. This paper addresses this literature gap by comparing the environmental impacts of green roofs and conventional flat roofs, through the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology in a cradle-to-grave approach. Five scenarios were assessed based on the functional unit of 1 square meter of the roof with a 40-year lifespan: i) two extensive green roofs, ii) two intensive green roofs, and iii) one conventional flat roof. The results showed that the performance of extensive green roofs is better than that of intensive ones, mainly due to the type of vegetation that intensive green roofs hold, and consequently, mainly due to the higher material and watering requirements of intensive green roofs. When comparing the conventional flat roof with the green roof, the conventional flat roof performs better in all impact categories under study, mainly due to the additional technical layers required for green roof construction. In all scenarios, the materials stage is the hotspot for all impact categories, except for freshwater and marine eutrophication for the green roof scenarios, where the end-of-life stage is the hotspot. Sensitivity analyses results indicate that the environmental impacts are not sensitive to the content of organic matter in the substrate. However, the end-of-life of the substrate layer materials has a great impact on the outcomes for some impact categories. The findings of this study suggest that improving waste management strategy may enhance the environmental performance of green roofs compared to conventional flat roofs. Future research should explore the multifaceted potential benefits of green roofs, addressing their social, economic, and environmental aspects, considering optimizing buildings' thermal performance and strengthening urban resilience under specific climatic and economic realities.

不考虑绿色空间的城市地区发展会增加城市对气候变化影响的脆弱性。为了应对这些挑战，欧盟推动了建筑与基于自然的解决方案（NBS）之间的整合。绿色屋顶是NBS的一种，已被确定为增强城市韧性的关键战略。尽管绿色屋顶被视为解决城市地区面临的环境挑战的一种环保策略，但关于绿色屋顶在其整个生命周期中对环境的潜在影响的证据仍然有限。本文通过从摇篮到坟墓的生命周期评估（LCA）方法，通过比较绿色屋顶和传统平顶的环境影响，解决了这一文献空白。基于1平方米屋顶40年使用寿命的功能单位，评估了五种方案：i)两个广泛的绿色屋顶，ii)两个密集的绿色屋顶，iii)一个传统的平屋顶。结果表明，粗放型屋顶的绿化效果优于集约型屋顶，这主要是由于集约型屋顶所具有的植被类型，因此，主要是由于集约型屋顶对材料和浇水的要求更高。当比较传统平屋顶和绿色屋顶时，传统平屋顶在研究的所有影响类别中表现更好，主要是由于绿色屋顶施工所需的额外技术层。在所有情景中，材料阶段是所有影响类别的热点，但绿色屋顶情景的淡水和海洋富营养化是热点，在这些情景中，生命终止阶段是热点。敏感性分析结果表明，环境影响对基质有机质含量不敏感。然而，衬底层材料的寿命终止对某些影响类别的结果有很大影响。本研究的结果表明，与传统的平屋顶相比，改进废物管理策略可能会提高绿色屋顶的环境性能。未来的研究应探索绿色屋顶的多方面潜在效益，解决其社会、经济和环境方面的问题，考虑在特定的气候和经济现实下优化建筑物的热性能和加强城市弹性。

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引用次数: 0

Integrating land degradation states and trends to identify priority areas for ecological restoration in China's drylands 结合土地退化状况和趋势，确定中国旱地生态恢复优先区域

IF 11.2 1区社会学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Environmental Impact Assessment Review

Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.eiar.2025.108269

Yi Han , Wenwu Zhao , Paulo Pereira

Land degradation is a global ecological and environmental issue to which the drylands with vulnerable socio-ecological systems are particularly sensitive. Ecological restoration is regarded as a vital approach to halt, curb or reverse land degradation. However, the lack of accurate information on land degradation dynamics poses a significant barrier to developing effective restoration strategies. Here, we selected fourteen typical land degradation processes in China's drylands, employed a generalised additive model to identify degradation thresholds and classify degradation states, and analysed degradation trends using the Theil-Sen slope statistic and Mann-Kendall test. We then applied the convergence of evidence method to conduct a comprehensive, multidimensional assessment coupling degradation states and trends, ultimately identifying priority areas for ecological restoration. The results showed that aridification, loss of soil organic carbon, and soil alkalisation are the most widespread forms of land degradation facing China's drylands. 70.33 % of the area is affected by 1 to 7 types of land degradation (mildly degraded state), 25.63 % is affected by 8 to 14 types (severely degraded state), and 4.04 % shows no signs of degradation (non-degraded state). While land degradation across all three states generally exhibits a stable trend, mildly degraded areas showed signs of improvement, whereas severely degraded areas remain at risk of further degradation. Based on the states and trends of land degradation, China's drylands can be categorised into restoration-priority areas (6.79 %), conservation-priority areas (11.74 %), and management-priority areas (81.47 %), each with distinct focus and intervention needs. This study can help decision-makers understand the dynamics of land degradation and develop priority strategies for ecological restoration.

土地退化是一个全球性的生态环境问题，具有脆弱社会生态系统的旱地对其尤为敏感。生态恢复被认为是停止、抑制或逆转土地退化的重要途径。然而，缺乏关于土地退化动态的准确信息对制定有效的恢复战略构成了重大障碍。本文选取了中国旱地14个典型土地退化过程，采用广义加性模型识别退化阈值和退化状态，并利用Theil-Sen斜率统计量和Mann-Kendall检验分析退化趋势。应用证据收敛法对退化状态和趋势进行了综合、多维度评价，最终确定了生态恢复的优先区域。结果表明，干旱化、土壤有机碳流失和土壤碱化是中国旱地面临的最普遍的土地退化形式。70.33%的区域存在1 ~ 7种类型的土地退化（轻度退化），25.63%的区域存在8 ~ 14种类型的土地退化（严重退化），4.04%的区域没有退化迹象（非退化）。虽然这三个国家的土地退化总体上呈现稳定趋势，但轻度退化地区出现了改善迹象，而严重退化地区仍有进一步退化的风险。根据土地退化的现状和趋势，中国旱地可分为恢复优先区（6.79%）、保护优先区（11.74%）和管理优先区（81.47%），每个区域都有不同的重点和干预需求。该研究可以帮助决策者了解土地退化的动态，并制定生态恢复的优先策略。

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引用次数: 0

LightImpact: An open-source model for quantifying energy savings of lightweight vehicles in life cycle assessments LightImpact：一个在生命周期评估中量化轻型车辆节能的开源模型

IF 11.2 1区社会学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Environmental Impact Assessment Review

Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.eiar.2025.108272

Suzana Ostojic, Marzia Traverso

Decarbonizing transport is essential to achieving global carbon neutrality targets, yet the emission savings of lightweight vehicles remain systematically underestimated in environmental assessments. In life cycle assessment (LCA) practice, these savings are typically represented by quantifying energy reduction values (ERVs) - the fuel or electricity saved per 100 km and 100 kg of vehicle mass reduction. Existing ERV estimation methods, however, rely on outdated driving cycles, static work-to-consumption conversion factors, black-box simulations, or class-averaged regressions - restricting their accuracy, transparency, and relevance to modern internal combustion engine and electric vehicles. This study introduces LightImpact, the first open-source Python library to calculate ERVs via a physics-based calculation model aligned with the current regulatory driving cycle standard and designed to overcome the methodological constraints of previous approaches. The model simulates the mass-induced mechanical energy demand from standardized driving resistances and converts it into vehicle-specific energy consumption savings using a newly developed differential efficiency factor, calibrated with manufacturer-certified consumption data. Applied to an automotive lightweight composite component case study, LightImpact yields ERVs up to 18× higher than previous estimates, revealing that the benefits of lightweight design have been systematically undermined. When integrated into LCAs, these ERVs enable more accurate evaluation of automotive lightweight components across various powertrains, regions, and grid scenarios. By bridging methodological rigor, open accessibility, and regulatory alignment, LightImpact provides a scalable model for assessing lightweight vehicles as enablers of low-carbon mobility while supporting evidence-based design decisions.

交通运输脱碳对于实现全球碳中和目标至关重要，但在环境评估中，轻型车辆的减排仍然被系统性地低估。在生命周期评估（LCA）实践中，这些节省通常通过量化能源减量值（erv）来表示-每100公里节省的燃料或电力以及100公斤车辆质量减少。然而，现有的ERV估算方法依赖于过时的驾驶循环、静态功耗转换因子、黑盒模拟或类别平均回归，限制了它们的准确性、透明度以及与现代内燃机和电动汽车的相关性。本研究介绍了LightImpact，这是第一个通过基于物理的计算模型计算erv的开源Python库，该模型与当前的监管驾驶循环标准相一致，旨在克服以前方法的方法限制。该模型模拟标准化驾驶阻力产生的质量引起的机械能需求，并使用新开发的差分效率因子将其转换为车辆特定的能耗节约，并使用制造商认证的能耗数据进行校准。应用于汽车轻量化复合材料部件的案例研究，LightImpact产生的erv比之前的估计高出18倍，这表明轻量化设计的好处已经被系统地破坏了。当集成到lca中时，这些erv可以更准确地评估各种动力系统、区域和电网场景中的汽车轻量化组件。通过将方法的严密性、开放的可及性和监管一致性结合起来，LightImpact提供了一个可扩展的模型，用于评估轻量化车辆作为低碳交通的推动者，同时支持基于证据的设计决策。

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引用次数: 0

Ecological effect of China's 30-year National Garden City policy: Synergistic acceleration of urban greening, carbon sequestration, and biodiversity 中国30年国家园林城市政策的生态效应：城市绿化、固碳和生物多样性的协同加速

IF 11.2 1区社会学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Environmental Impact Assessment Review

Pub Date : 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.eiar.2025.108267

Longqin Li , Wenbin Xu , Haorui Wu , Yisu Zhang , Xi Chen , Longjin Dai , Xin Wang , Weiqing Meng , Hongyuan Li

Urban policies primarily aim to enhance human well-being and also yield synergistic ecosystem benefits. Over the past three decades, the Chinese government has introduced a series of incentive policies to promote urban greening. Among the most influential policies was the National Garden City (NGC) policy, launched in 1992. However, a systematic understanding of how the NGC policy drives urban green space expansion and provides additional benefits to urban green infrastructure remains limited. This study analyzed the impact of the NGC policy on urban green infrastructure in China. The results indicated that the implementation of the NGC policy led to an approximate cumulative increase of 12,645.26 km² in urban green space area and 34,662.92 Tg C sequestered through photosynthesis. Cities that implemented the NGC policy exhibited significantly higher overall species richness than non-implementing cities, with variation across taxonomic groups. Our findings suggest that policy-driven urban greening affects urban ecosystems through changes in green space, carbon dynamics, and biodiversity. Therefore, China's National Garden City policy makes a significant contribution to urban green infrastructure development.

城市政策的主要目标是提高人类福祉，并产生协同的生态系统效益。在过去的三十年里，中国政府推出了一系列激励政策来促进城市绿化。其中最具影响力的政策是1992年推出的国家花园城市政策。然而，对于NGC政策如何推动城市绿地扩张并为城市绿色基础设施提供额外效益的系统理解仍然有限。本研究分析了NGC政策对中国城市绿色基础设施的影响。结果表明：实施NGC政策后，城市绿地面积累计增加了12645.26 km2，光合作用封存了34662.92 Tg C；实施国家植被保护政策的城市总体物种丰富度显著高于未实施国家植被保护政策的城市，且不同分类类群间存在差异。研究结果表明，政策驱动的城市绿化通过绿地空间、碳动态和生物多样性的变化对城市生态系统产生影响。因此，中国的国家园林城市政策对城市绿色基础设施的发展做出了重大贡献。

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引用次数: 0