Lichen dapat berfungsi sebagai bioindikator pencemaran udara di suatu daerah karena sifatnya yang sensitif terhadap polusi. Lichen mampu bertahan hidup di lingkungan yang ekstrim. Sensitivitas lichen terhadap pencemaran udara dapat dilihat melalui perubahan keanekaragamannya. Lichen dibedakan menjadi 4 kelompok berdasarkan bentuk thalusnya yaitu Crustose, Foliose, dan Fruticose. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji keanekaragaman lichen sebagai bioindikator kualitas udara di Kawasan Kota Surakarta. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari hingga Agustus 2021 menggunakan metode kombinasi antara teknik purposive sampling dan eksplorasi (penelusuran lokasi). Hasil penelitian lichen yang dilakukan di Kawasan Kota Surakarta, Jawa Tengah yang terdiri atas 11 titik ditemukan 12 spesies lichen yang berasal dari 7 famili yang diantaranya Lecanoraceae, Graphidaceae, Parmeliaceae, Caliciaceae, Arthoniaceae, Pyrenulaceae, dan Stereocaulaceae. Jenis lichen tersebut termasuk dalam kelompok talus foliose dan crustose. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman (H’) lichen di Kota Surakarta yaitu 1,92 dimana menunjukan tingkat keanekaragaman yang tergolong sedang. Presentase jumlah koloni lichen tertinggi pada spesies Lepraria lobificans Nyl. yaitu 38% dan terendah Parmelia sp. yaitu 0,07%.
{"title":"Keanekaragaman Lichen Sebagai Bioindikator Kualitas Udara Di Kawasan Kota Surakarta, Jawa Tengah","authors":"Efri Roziaty, Santhyami Santhyami, Annur Indra Kusumadhani, Muhammad Iqbal Dzaky Asy'ari","doi":"10.23917/bioeksperimen.v7i2.16523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23917/bioeksperimen.v7i2.16523","url":null,"abstract":"Lichen dapat berfungsi sebagai bioindikator pencemaran udara di suatu daerah karena sifatnya yang sensitif terhadap polusi. Lichen mampu bertahan hidup di lingkungan yang ekstrim. Sensitivitas lichen terhadap pencemaran udara dapat dilihat melalui perubahan keanekaragamannya. Lichen dibedakan menjadi 4 kelompok berdasarkan bentuk thalusnya yaitu Crustose, Foliose, dan Fruticose. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji keanekaragaman lichen sebagai bioindikator kualitas udara di Kawasan Kota Surakarta. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari hingga Agustus 2021 menggunakan metode kombinasi antara teknik purposive sampling dan eksplorasi (penelusuran lokasi). Hasil penelitian lichen yang dilakukan di Kawasan Kota Surakarta, Jawa Tengah yang terdiri atas 11 titik ditemukan 12 spesies lichen yang berasal dari 7 famili yang diantaranya Lecanoraceae, Graphidaceae, Parmeliaceae, Caliciaceae, Arthoniaceae, Pyrenulaceae, dan Stereocaulaceae. Jenis lichen tersebut termasuk dalam kelompok talus foliose dan crustose. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman (H’) lichen di Kota Surakarta yaitu 1,92 dimana menunjukan tingkat keanekaragaman yang tergolong sedang. Presentase jumlah koloni lichen tertinggi pada spesies Lepraria lobificans Nyl. yaitu 38% dan terendah Parmelia sp. yaitu 0,07%.","PeriodicalId":31104,"journal":{"name":"Bioeksperimen Jurnal Penelitian Biologi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49485248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-05DOI: 10.23917/bioeksperimen.v7i2.11152
I. P. Putra
Ophiocordyceps is special type of entomopathogenic fungi which well known to infect insects and turning them into zombie. A total of 250 species have been described from its genus, and some are known to control their hosts, which are most notably ants. They are ubiquitous within tropical rain forests across the board, with few publication reports from temperate ecosystems. These fungal pathogens possess the capacity to manipulate host behaviour in order to increase their own fitness. These entomopathogenic fungi cause their hosts frezee to die in an exposed area on the abaxial surface of leaves or branches, which then enhancing the fungus spore production and dispersal. Despite the high diversity of fungi and insect with vast tropical forest as well as drugs potency from Ophiocordyceps, publication of Ophiocordyces was rarely reported from Indonesia. This review will explain the evolution of Ophiocordyceps-insect interaction, simbiont distribution, and zombie-insect formation mechanism, in order to induce zombie-insect research in Indonesia.
{"title":"Ophiocordyceps : Fungi Entomopatogen Penyebab Zombie Pada Serangga","authors":"I. P. Putra","doi":"10.23917/bioeksperimen.v7i2.11152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23917/bioeksperimen.v7i2.11152","url":null,"abstract":"Ophiocordyceps is special type of entomopathogenic fungi which well known to infect insects and turning them into zombie. A total of 250 species have been described from its genus, and some are known to control their hosts, which are most notably ants. They are ubiquitous within tropical rain forests across the board, with few publication reports from temperate ecosystems. These fungal pathogens possess the capacity to manipulate host behaviour in order to increase their own fitness. These entomopathogenic fungi cause their hosts frezee to die in an exposed area on the abaxial surface of leaves or branches, which then enhancing the fungus spore production and dispersal. Despite the high diversity of fungi and insect with vast tropical forest as well as drugs potency from Ophiocordyceps, publication of Ophiocordyces was rarely reported from Indonesia. This review will explain the evolution of Ophiocordyceps-insect interaction, simbiont distribution, and zombie-insect formation mechanism, in order to induce zombie-insect research in Indonesia. ","PeriodicalId":31104,"journal":{"name":"Bioeksperimen Jurnal Penelitian Biologi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45809234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-05DOI: 10.23917/bioeksperimen.v7i2.11355
Puspita Ratna Susilawati
{"title":"Karakteristik Kulit Batang Pohon Inang Lichen di Bukit Bibi, Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi (The Bark Characteristics of Lichen Host Tree in Bukit Bibi, Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi)","authors":"Puspita Ratna Susilawati","doi":"10.23917/bioeksperimen.v7i2.11355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23917/bioeksperimen.v7i2.11355","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31104,"journal":{"name":"Bioeksperimen Jurnal Penelitian Biologi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45413049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-05DOI: 10.23917/bioeksperimen.v7i2.11197
Y. Suryadi, D. Susilowati, I. M. Samudra
{"title":"Karakterisasi Isolat Bakteri Penghasil Kitinase Dan Glukanase Serta Uji Efektifitasnya Terhadap Jamur Colletotrichum sp","authors":"Y. Suryadi, D. Susilowati, I. M. Samudra","doi":"10.23917/bioeksperimen.v7i2.11197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23917/bioeksperimen.v7i2.11197","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31104,"journal":{"name":"Bioeksperimen Jurnal Penelitian Biologi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48782189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-05DOI: 10.23917/bioeksperimen.v7i2.13415
Wahyu Irawati
{"title":"Teknologi Vertebroplasty Untuk Menangani Fraktur Kompresi Tulang Belakang Manusia Akibat Penyakit Osteoporosis","authors":"Wahyu Irawati","doi":"10.23917/bioeksperimen.v7i2.13415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23917/bioeksperimen.v7i2.13415","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31104,"journal":{"name":"Bioeksperimen Jurnal Penelitian Biologi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47529694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-30DOI: 10.32502/dikbio.v5i2.3621
Uswatun Hasana, Yuni Gayatri, Wiwi Wikanta
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan validitas perangkat pembelajaran inkuiri materi sistem reproduksi manusia secara blended learning berbantuan google classroom untuk melatihkan high order thinking skills (HOTS) peserta didik. Perangkat pembelajaran yang dikembangkan berupa silabus, RPP, LKS dan instrumen tes menggunakan model pembelajaran inkuiri. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan menggunakan Four-D Models yang terdiri dari tahap define, design, develop, dan disseminate. Namun, penelitian ini terbatas sampai pada tahap develop (pengembangan). Tahap define terdiri atas analisis awal, analisis tugas, analisis peserta didik, analisis konsep dan analisis tujuan pembelajaran. Tahap design terdiri atas perancangan silabus, rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran (RPP), lembar kegiatan siswa (LKS) dan instrumen tes. Tahap develop terdiri atas uji validasi oleh validator yang terdiri dari ahli materi, ahli media dan pengguna lapangan (guru) dengan menggunakan instrumen lembar validasi perangkat pembelajaran. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil validasi silabus, RPP, LKS dan instrumen tes memperoleh nilai modus rata-rata 3,6 dengan kategori sangat valid untuk masing-masing perangkat pembelajaran. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa perangkat pembelajaran inkuiri materi sistem reproduksi manusia secara blended learning berbantuan google classroom yang dikembangkan untuk melatihkan HOTS peserta didik dinyatakan valid dan layak digunakan berdasarkan hasil validasi para ahli. The research aimed to describe the validity of the inquiry learning tools for the human reproductive system material using blended learning assisted by google classroom to train students' high order thinking skills (HOTS). The developed learning tools were syllabus, lesson plans, worksheets, and test instruments using an inquiry learning model. This research was a development research using Four-D Models which consisted of the stages of defining, designing, developing, disseminating. However, this research was limited to the development stage. The definition stage consisted of the initial analysis, task analysis, student analysis, concept analysis and learning objectives analysis. The design stage consisted of designing the syllabus, lesson plans, worksheets and test instruments. The development stage consisted of the validation test by the validators consisting of material experts, media experts and field users (teachers) using a learning tool validation sheet. The research data were analyzed descriptively quantitatively. The validation results of the syllabus, lesson plans, worksheets and test instruments obtained an average mode score of 3.6 with very valid category for each learning tool. From this research results, it can be concluded that the inquiry learning tool for the human reproductive system material using blended learning assisted by google classroom which was developed to train students' HOTS was declared
{"title":"VALIDITAS PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI MATERI SISTEM REPRODUKSI MANUSIA SECARA BLENDED LEARNING BERBANTUAN GOOGLE CLASSROOM","authors":"Uswatun Hasana, Yuni Gayatri, Wiwi Wikanta","doi":"10.32502/dikbio.v5i2.3621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32502/dikbio.v5i2.3621","url":null,"abstract":"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan validitas perangkat pembelajaran inkuiri materi sistem reproduksi manusia secara blended learning berbantuan google classroom untuk melatihkan high order thinking skills (HOTS) peserta didik. Perangkat pembelajaran yang dikembangkan berupa silabus, RPP, LKS dan instrumen tes menggunakan model pembelajaran inkuiri. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan menggunakan Four-D Models yang terdiri dari tahap define, design, develop, dan disseminate. Namun, penelitian ini terbatas sampai pada tahap develop (pengembangan). Tahap define terdiri atas analisis awal, analisis tugas, analisis peserta didik, analisis konsep dan analisis tujuan pembelajaran. Tahap design terdiri atas perancangan silabus, rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran (RPP), lembar kegiatan siswa (LKS) dan instrumen tes. Tahap develop terdiri atas uji validasi oleh validator yang terdiri dari ahli materi, ahli media dan pengguna lapangan (guru) dengan menggunakan instrumen lembar validasi perangkat pembelajaran. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil validasi silabus, RPP, LKS dan instrumen tes memperoleh nilai modus rata-rata 3,6 dengan kategori sangat valid untuk masing-masing perangkat pembelajaran. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa perangkat pembelajaran inkuiri materi sistem reproduksi manusia secara blended learning berbantuan google classroom yang dikembangkan untuk melatihkan HOTS peserta didik dinyatakan valid dan layak digunakan berdasarkan hasil validasi para ahli. The research aimed to describe the validity of the inquiry learning tools for the human reproductive system material using blended learning assisted by google classroom to train students' high order thinking skills (HOTS). The developed learning tools were syllabus, lesson plans, worksheets, and test instruments using an inquiry learning model. This research was a development research using Four-D Models which consisted of the stages of defining, designing, developing, disseminating. However, this research was limited to the development stage. The definition stage consisted of the initial analysis, task analysis, student analysis, concept analysis and learning objectives analysis. The design stage consisted of designing the syllabus, lesson plans, worksheets and test instruments. The development stage consisted of the validation test by the validators consisting of material experts, media experts and field users (teachers) using a learning tool validation sheet. The research data were analyzed descriptively quantitatively. The validation results of the syllabus, lesson plans, worksheets and test instruments obtained an average mode score of 3.6 with very valid category for each learning tool. From this research results, it can be concluded that the inquiry learning tool for the human reproductive system material using blended learning assisted by google classroom which was developed to train students' HOTS was declared","PeriodicalId":31104,"journal":{"name":"Bioeksperimen Jurnal Penelitian Biologi","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81865150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-23DOI: 10.32502/dikbio.v5i1.3344
Dwi Purbowati, Rabiatul Adawiyah
Kondisi pandemi memaksa pelaksanaan pendidikan dalam keterbatasan (dengan sistem online). Diterapkan penulisan jurnal belajar untuk membantu mahasiswa merefleksi kembali pengetahuan yang telah diperoleh, meskipun dalam kondisi tanpa tatap muka, mahasiswa tetap dapat memahami kesulitan yang ditemui saat proses pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis penerapan jurnal belajar pada masa pandemi covid-19 terhadap hasil belajar mahasiswa. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah deskriptif dengan pelaksanaan di semester ganjil 2019/2020. Subjek penelitian adalah mahasiswa semester 5 yang mengikuti mata kuliah strategi pembelajaran (model pembelajaran biologi) yang dibagi menjadi kelas I dan II. Data dikumpulkan, diolah dan dianalisis dengan teknik deskriptif kuantitatif, yakni dengan membandingkan data antara kelas I (dengan jurnal belajar) dengan kelas II (tanpa jurnal belajar) dalam persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai akhir untuk kelas I adalah A= 48,15 %, A-= 40,74%, dan B+= 11,11 %, sedangkan kelas II dengan nilai A= 32,14%, A-= 51,85%, B+= 3,70%, dan B=11,11%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan jurnal belajar di masa pandemi covid-19 memberikan kontribusi positif terhadap perolehan nilai akhir yang lebih baik bagi kelas I dibanding kelas II. Jurnal belajar mampu meningkatkan kemampuan mahasiswa untuk evaluasi diri dan memecahkan masalah yang dihadapinya sehingga mahasiswa dapat melacak kemajuan yang telah dicapainya. The pandemic condition forced the implementation of education in limitations (with an online system). Learning journal writing was applied to help students reflect back on the knowledge that has been obtained, even in non-face-to-face conditions, students can still understand the difficulties encountered during the learning process. This study aimed to analyze the application of learning journal during the covid-19 pandemic on students’ learning outcomes. The type of the conducted study was descriptive with the implementation in the odd semester of 2019/2020 academic year. The study subjects were 5th semester students who took the learning strategy course (biology learning model) which was divided into classes I and II. Data were collected, processed and analyzed by quantitative descriptive technique, namely by comparing the data between class I (with study journal) and class II (without study journal) in percentages.The results showed that the final grades for class I were A= 48.15%, A-= 40.74%, and B+= 11.11%, while for class II were A= 32.14%, A-= 51, 85%, B+= 3.70%, and B=11.11%. It can be concluded that the application of learning journal during the covid-19 pandemic made a positive contribution to the acquisition of better final grades for class I compared to class II. The learning journal was able to improve students' ability to self-evaluate and solve the problems they face so that students can track their progress.
{"title":"PENERAPAN JURNAL BELAJAR DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19: ANALISIS HASIL BELAJAR PADA MATA KULIAH STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN (MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BIOLOGI)","authors":"Dwi Purbowati, Rabiatul Adawiyah","doi":"10.32502/dikbio.v5i1.3344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32502/dikbio.v5i1.3344","url":null,"abstract":"Kondisi pandemi memaksa pelaksanaan pendidikan dalam keterbatasan (dengan sistem online). Diterapkan penulisan jurnal belajar untuk membantu mahasiswa merefleksi kembali pengetahuan yang telah diperoleh, meskipun dalam kondisi tanpa tatap muka, mahasiswa tetap dapat memahami kesulitan yang ditemui saat proses pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis penerapan jurnal belajar pada masa pandemi covid-19 terhadap hasil belajar mahasiswa. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah deskriptif dengan pelaksanaan di semester ganjil 2019/2020. Subjek penelitian adalah mahasiswa semester 5 yang mengikuti mata kuliah strategi pembelajaran (model pembelajaran biologi) yang dibagi menjadi kelas I dan II. Data dikumpulkan, diolah dan dianalisis dengan teknik deskriptif kuantitatif, yakni dengan membandingkan data antara kelas I (dengan jurnal belajar) dengan kelas II (tanpa jurnal belajar) dalam persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai akhir untuk kelas I adalah A= 48,15 %, A-= 40,74%, dan B+= 11,11 %, sedangkan kelas II dengan nilai A= 32,14%, A-= 51,85%, B+= 3,70%, dan B=11,11%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan jurnal belajar di masa pandemi covid-19 memberikan kontribusi positif terhadap perolehan nilai akhir yang lebih baik bagi kelas I dibanding kelas II. Jurnal belajar mampu meningkatkan kemampuan mahasiswa untuk evaluasi diri dan memecahkan masalah yang dihadapinya sehingga mahasiswa dapat melacak kemajuan yang telah dicapainya. The pandemic condition forced the implementation of education in limitations (with an online system). Learning journal writing was applied to help students reflect back on the knowledge that has been obtained, even in non-face-to-face conditions, students can still understand the difficulties encountered during the learning process. This study aimed to analyze the application of learning journal during the covid-19 pandemic on students’ learning outcomes. The type of the conducted study was descriptive with the implementation in the odd semester of 2019/2020 academic year. The study subjects were 5th semester students who took the learning strategy course (biology learning model) which was divided into classes I and II. Data were collected, processed and analyzed by quantitative descriptive technique, namely by comparing the data between class I (with study journal) and class II (without study journal) in percentages.The results showed that the final grades for class I were A= 48.15%, A-= 40.74%, and B+= 11.11%, while for class II were A= 32.14%, A-= 51, 85%, B+= 3.70%, and B=11.11%. It can be concluded that the application of learning journal during the covid-19 pandemic made a positive contribution to the acquisition of better final grades for class I compared to class II. The learning journal was able to improve students' ability to self-evaluate and solve the problems they face so that students can track their progress.","PeriodicalId":31104,"journal":{"name":"Bioeksperimen Jurnal Penelitian Biologi","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85380518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-24DOI: 10.32502/dikbio.v5i1.3066
Wina Afifah Putri, Afifah Intan Purnama Sari, Erni Widiastuti, R. C. Handziko
Bahan ajar merupakan komponen penting dalam proses pembelajaran. Salah satu persoalan biologi terkait sistem organ yang diajarkan di SMA adalah sistem pencernaan. Agar siswa lebih mudah dalam memahami konsep pada sistem pencernaan maka disusun booklet sistem pencernaan yang lebih fokus dan detail pada materi tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan booklet pada topik sistem pencernaan. Pengembangan booklet ini disusun dengan mengikuti model pengembangan 4D dengan tahapan define (pendefinisian)-proses pemilihan konsep dasar dan penyusunan konsep, design (perancangan)-pemilihan bahan ajar berupa booklet dan penyusunannya, dan develop (pengembangan)-penilaian dari ahli media dan ahli materi serta uji keterbacaan. Dilanjutkan dengan analisis hasil penilaian para ahli lalu merevisi produk sesuai dengan masukan dari para ahli. Tahap terakhir, yaitu disseminate (penyebaran) yang dilakukan dengan pengajuan ISBN ke perpusnas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penilaian ahli media meliputi ukuran booklet yang masuk kategori sangat baik serta desain sampul dan desain isi yang masuk dalam kategori baik. Penilaian ahli materi meliputi kelayakan isi, kelayakan penyajian, dan kebahasaan yang ketiganya masuk dalam kategori baik. Booklet ini sudah layak digunakan karena minimal kategori pada analisis penilaian instrumen yang didapat adalah baik walaupun masih perlu sedikit perbaikan sesuai dengan saran dari ahli. Teaching material is an important component in the learning process. One of the biological problems related to organ systems taught in high school is the digestive system. In order for the students to understand the concepts in the digestive system, the booklet of digestive system was arranged to be more focused and detailed on the material. This research aimed to develop the booklet on the topic of the digestive system. In this research, the booklet was compiled using the 4D model, through the process of definie- the process of selecting the basic concept and drafting the concept, design-the selection of teaching materials in the form of booklet and its compilation, develop-the assessment from media expert and material expert along with readability test, the results of the assessment were used to revise the product, and disseminate, done by submitting the ISBN to the National Library of Indonesia. The results showed that the media expert's assessment included the size of the booklet was in the very good category and the cover design and content design were in the good category. The material expert's assessment included the content feasibility, presentation feasibility, and language, all of which were in the good category. The booklet was suitable for use because of the minimal category of the instrument analysis obtained were good, although it still needs a little improvement according to the advice of experts.
教材是学习过程中的重要组成部分。高中教授的与器官系统相关的生物问题之一是消化系统。为了使学生更容易理解消化系统的概念，可以编写更集中和详细的消化系统手册。本研究旨在发展关于消化系统主题的手册。本手册的建立方式是按照4 - d的发展模式，以定义基本概念和概念排版、设计(设计)-选择手册和组成的教学材料，以及媒体专家和材料专家的评估和阅读测试来组织的。然后对专家评估结果进行分析，然后根据专家的意见修改产品。最后一个阶段是ISBN向perpusnas提交的分散。研究结果表明，媒体专家评估包括优秀类别的概览，以及优秀类别的封面设计和内容设计。物质的专家评估包括内容价值、演示价值和三个都是好的类别的语言。本手册是可行的，因为获得的工具评估分析的最低类别是好的，但仍需要根据专家的建议进行一些改进。教书是一个重要组件材料》和《学习的过程。高中教风琴系统的生物问题之一是消化系统。为了了解digestive系统中的concepts，编写的digestive系统的手册要求对材料进行更仔细的核实。这项研究将在digestive系统的主题上迅速发展。In this research,翻是用《过程》4D模型,无论是compiled definie - selecting过程》《绘图基本理念和理念,design-the翻selection of教书材料In the form of and its compilation, develop-the评估材料来自专家和媒体专家一起跟着readability results》测试,评估是习惯修改《广告和disseminate,完成由submitting ISBN National Library of印尼》。结果表明，专家的评估包括书签的大小，封面设计和潜在的设计在良好的类别。研究人员的评估包括潜在的负担、呈现的负担和语言，所有这些都是好的方面。这本手册可以用，因为仪器分析的最小类别是好的，尽管它仍然需要一点额外的刺激来接受专家的建议。
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