Following the failure of the alliance with Germany, Great Britain was dissatisfied. The British politics having a long experience in international affairs; as the most experienced country in politics, reported and accounted that the further strengthening of Germany and consequently of the Central Europe was to the detriment of British interests. For this very reason it showed signs of getting close to France and Russia in 1904. While in the world it started to get close to Japan. As though unnoticed, to the rest part of the world, not to Great Britain, an international alliance was being formed in order to neutralize the Central Block. In this paper I tried to offer and present a scientific argument and by using the advanced, research and comparison methods as well as the deductive method, to divide the article into chronological, historical and research manner.
{"title":"European Politics and Diplomacy before the World War One 1908 – 1914","authors":"Magjun Shala","doi":"10.21113/iir.v8i1.396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21113/iir.v8i1.396","url":null,"abstract":"Following the failure of the alliance with Germany, Great Britain was dissatisfied. The British politics having a long experience in international affairs; as the most experienced country in politics, reported and accounted that the further strengthening of Germany and consequently of the Central Europe was to the detriment of British interests. For this very reason it showed signs of getting close to France and Russia in 1904. While in the world it started to get close to Japan. As though unnoticed, to the rest part of the world, not to Great Britain, an international alliance was being formed in order to neutralize the Central Block. In this paper I tried to offer and present a scientific argument and by using the advanced, research and comparison methods as well as the deductive method, to divide the article into chronological, historical and research manner.","PeriodicalId":31358,"journal":{"name":"ILIRIA International Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43771319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Corruption (lat. corruptio, corrumpere, pervert) means dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power, typically involving bribery. The most general meaning of corruption, as systematic phenomena (Dinkovski, 20012: 12), is impurity, infection, or decay. It is abuse of public power for personal interests that distort the social institutions. This destructive phenomenon is very present in the Balkan countries. Some 50 % of the population of the Western Balkan believe that corruption practices occur often or very often in a number of public institutions (from central and local government, parliament, hospitals, judiciary and the police). One in six citizens of the Western Balkans citizens had either direct or indirect exposure to a bribery experience with a public official. (Bisogno, 2010: 9, 15) This research is done in 2012 and includes interviews with 25 alumni from different universities in Macedonia, treating the abovementioned issue from clients’, i.e. student’s perspective, based on the experience of corruption during the years of studies. From the analytical approach we concluded that other forms of corruption (favoritism, book buying, sexual services) are more present than bribery or direct payment in our universities, that reporting corruption cases is not occurring from revenge fear and that all student declare that corruption damages education and their future prospect.
{"title":"Higher Education and Corruption: Macedonian Alumni Experiences","authors":"Sc. Ali Pajaziti","doi":"10.21113/IIR.V8I1.389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21113/IIR.V8I1.389","url":null,"abstract":"Corruption (lat. corruptio, corrumpere, pervert) means dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power, typically involving bribery. The most general meaning of corruption, as systematic phenomena (Dinkovski, 20012: 12), is impurity, infection, or decay. It is abuse of public power for personal interests that distort the social institutions. This destructive phenomenon is very present in the Balkan countries. Some 50 % of the population of the Western Balkan believe that corruption practices occur often or very often in a number of public institutions (from central and local government, parliament, hospitals, judiciary and the police). One in six citizens of the Western Balkans citizens had either direct or indirect exposure to a bribery experience with a public official. (Bisogno, 2010: 9, 15) This research is done in 2012 and includes interviews with 25 alumni from different universities in Macedonia, treating the abovementioned issue from clients’, i.e. student’s perspective, based on the experience of corruption during the years of studies. From the analytical approach we concluded that other forms of corruption (favoritism, book buying, sexual services) are more present than bribery or direct payment in our universities, that reporting corruption cases is not occurring from revenge fear and that all student declare that corruption damages education and their future prospect.","PeriodicalId":31358,"journal":{"name":"ILIRIA International Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44995569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Handwriting is a skill that is a requirement for all individuals, however, there is a deep and decisive debate about whether or not the cursive handwriting is necessary in this era of technological innovations. While the necessity of compulsory cursive handwriting education is generally addressed by educators and politicians, there is no consensus on it, and the opinions of the people with interest or concern in education (e.g. teachers, students and parents) are not so often asked. For this reason, the aim of this study is to reveal the views of teachers, students and parents on the cursive handwriting education. 57 classroom teachers, 230 primary school fourth grade students and 14 parents participated in the study from four public primary schools in Ankara. Data were collected using ‘Personal Information Form’, ‘Cursive Handwriting Education Attitude Scale’, ‘Parent Questionnaire’ and ‘Student Questionnaire’. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics techniques and qualitative data were analyzed by content analysis. According to the findings of the study, teachers and parents are not satisfied with the use of cursive handwriting. While teachers indicated that they would prefer print letters instruction if they had given a chance to choose. Parents affirmed that they could not give support to their children during their writing education. On the other hand, most of the students stated that they had difficulty in reading even their own handwritings, although most of them declared that they like to write with the cursive handwriting.
{"title":"Termination of the teaching of the Continuous Cursive Handwriting in Schools","authors":"S. Taneri, Nalan Akduman","doi":"10.21113/IIR.V8I1.391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21113/IIR.V8I1.391","url":null,"abstract":"Handwriting is a skill that is a requirement for all individuals, however, there is a deep and decisive debate about whether or not the cursive handwriting is necessary in this era of technological innovations. While the necessity of compulsory cursive handwriting education is generally addressed by educators and politicians, there is no consensus on it, and the opinions of the people with interest or concern in education (e.g. teachers, students and parents) are not so often asked. For this reason, the aim of this study is to reveal the views of teachers, students and parents on the cursive handwriting education. 57 classroom teachers, 230 primary school fourth grade students and 14 parents participated in the study from four public primary schools in Ankara. Data were collected using ‘Personal Information Form’, ‘Cursive Handwriting Education Attitude Scale’, ‘Parent Questionnaire’ and ‘Student Questionnaire’. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics techniques and qualitative data were analyzed by content analysis. According to the findings of the study, teachers and parents are not satisfied with the use of cursive handwriting. While teachers indicated that they would prefer print letters instruction if they had given a chance to choose. Parents affirmed that they could not give support to their children during their writing education. On the other hand, most of the students stated that they had difficulty in reading even their own handwritings, although most of them declared that they like to write with the cursive handwriting.","PeriodicalId":31358,"journal":{"name":"ILIRIA International Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47063169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The number of motor vehicles which persistently increases every year arises the impact of congestion issues and the increasing number of traffic accidents. According to the data obtained from the Traffic Police Corps of Malang District Police, Mayjen Sungkono Street which is located in Kedung Kandang, Malang, has a high accident rate since 2008 until 2012. The result of analysis indicates that several behaviours influencing traffic accident rate on Mayjen Sungkono Street include the occupation of perpetrators, in which 87% of them work as private entrepreneurs; the address of the perpetrators, in which 53, 07% of them come from Malang Regency; the age of perpetrators, in which 46,296% of them aged between 26 and 45 years old; and the age of pedestrians involved in which 35,484% of them aged less than 17 years old or between 17 and 25 years old. Besides, according to the data, the highest accident rate occurs in 2011 with the total percentage of 38, 89%.
{"title":"The Characteristic of Traffic Accidents Occurred On Mayjen Sungkono Street Malang due to Environmental Factors","authors":"Dwi Ratnaningsih S.T., M.T","doi":"10.21113/iir.v8i1.394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21113/iir.v8i1.394","url":null,"abstract":"The number of motor vehicles which persistently increases every year arises the impact of congestion issues and the increasing number of traffic accidents. According to the data obtained from the Traffic Police Corps of Malang District Police, Mayjen Sungkono Street which is located in Kedung Kandang, Malang, has a high accident rate since 2008 until 2012. The result of analysis indicates that several behaviours influencing traffic accident rate on Mayjen Sungkono Street include the occupation of perpetrators, in which 87% of them work as private entrepreneurs; the address of the perpetrators, in which 53, 07% of them come from Malang Regency; the age of perpetrators, in which 46,296% of them aged between 26 and 45 years old; and the age of pedestrians involved in which 35,484% of them aged less than 17 years old or between 17 and 25 years old. Besides, according to the data, the highest accident rate occurs in 2011 with the total percentage of 38, 89%.","PeriodicalId":31358,"journal":{"name":"ILIRIA International Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47182402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The presentation of various party / program stances in the Kosovo political scene, tells us about the parties’ level of orientation in favour or against conservatism. Therefore, the aim of this article is to analyze and discuss the empirical validity, respectively the relations of Kosovo political parties with the pragmatic conservatism. In what areas, Kosovo parties have similarities or differences with pragmatic conservatism, such as Religion, patriotism and property.In order to find an answer for this research article, different qualitative methods will be used, such as comparative, content and document analysis, as well as interviews. All this with the sole of collecting and analyzing the data found.The findings of this article are very significant because, based on substantive analysis and party documents, we can conclude that the attitudes or approaches of Kosovo political parties regarding pragmatic conservatism are only "Partially pragmatic conservative” or "Beyond - Pragmatic Conservator". This means that the parties take the ideology of conservatism into account only partially or only within the program points that suits them.In this regard, the importance of this research has to do with the facts and with a realistic situation to understand the complexity, the issue and the importance of pragmatic conservatism as well as the idea of social transformation by curbing destructive tendencies. In this context, the stances of Kosovo political parties go beyond party ideology, because they include social transformations, religion, tradition and nation / patriotism. So in this way, through such attitudes, political parties convey / transmit into the society of Kosovo a social awareness and inter-religious tolerance.
{"title":"The Difficult Relationship between the Kosovo Political Parties and Conservatism","authors":"Sc. Dritero Arifi, Sc. Shpendim Oxha","doi":"10.21113/IIR.V8I1.387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21113/IIR.V8I1.387","url":null,"abstract":"The presentation of various party / program stances in the Kosovo political scene, tells us about the parties’ level of orientation in favour or against conservatism. Therefore, the aim of this article is to analyze and discuss the empirical validity, respectively the relations of Kosovo political parties with the pragmatic conservatism. In what areas, Kosovo parties have similarities or differences with pragmatic conservatism, such as Religion, patriotism and property.In order to find an answer for this research article, different qualitative methods will be used, such as comparative, content and document analysis, as well as interviews. All this with the sole of collecting and analyzing the data found.The findings of this article are very significant because, based on substantive analysis and party documents, we can conclude that the attitudes or approaches of Kosovo political parties regarding pragmatic conservatism are only \"Partially pragmatic conservative” or \"Beyond - Pragmatic Conservator\". This means that the parties take the ideology of conservatism into account only partially or only within the program points that suits them.In this regard, the importance of this research has to do with the facts and with a realistic situation to understand the complexity, the issue and the importance of pragmatic conservatism as well as the idea of social transformation by curbing destructive tendencies. In this context, the stances of Kosovo political parties go beyond party ideology, because they include social transformations, religion, tradition and nation / patriotism. So in this way, through such attitudes, political parties convey / transmit into the society of Kosovo a social awareness and inter-religious tolerance.","PeriodicalId":31358,"journal":{"name":"ILIRIA International Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41509107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this paper is to identify if there are differences in the efficiency of innovation performance between the two groups of countries: EU candidate countries such as Macedonia, Serbia and Turkey and the average level of innovation performance in EU-28 countries from 2010 - 2017. The further paper’s analysis aims to identify the most crucial factors and indicator that contribute to the efficiency of innovation performance in both groups of countries.In that sense, the comparative analyses of the two observed groups of countries has been done, using the European Innovation Scoreboard (EIS) data as well as 12 EIS indicators for the period 2010 - 2017. For benchmarking of the countries three indicators are created: sub-index Input Innovation (II), sub-index Output Innovation (OI) and the Innovation Efficiency Performance Index (IEPI).The findings show that there is a difference in efficiency of innovation performance indicators between the observed two groups of countries, but as well as among each the EU candidate country. In fact, Macedonia (IEPI=2.33) has twice higher efficiency of transforming innovation inputs into innovation output unlike the EU28 countries (IEPI=1.17), Serbia (IEPI=1.06) and Turkey (IEPI=.24).It can be noted as well that Macedonia managed to use its limited resources to input (sub-index II= 0.13) in much more efficient/productive way (IEPI= 2.33) and to obtain most output innovation (sub-index OI= 0.29). This paper’s findings can be used for designing better innovation policy in the observed EU candidate countries.
{"title":"Differences in efficiency of innovation performance among EU candidate countries and EU 28 countries","authors":"Sc. Slagjana Stojanovska, Sc. Violeta Madzova","doi":"10.21113/iir.v8i1.388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21113/iir.v8i1.388","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to identify if there are differences in the efficiency of innovation performance between the two groups of countries: EU candidate countries such as Macedonia, Serbia and Turkey and the average level of innovation performance in EU-28 countries from 2010 - 2017. The further paper’s analysis aims to identify the most crucial factors and indicator that contribute to the efficiency of innovation performance in both groups of countries.In that sense, the comparative analyses of the two observed groups of countries has been done, using the European Innovation Scoreboard (EIS) data as well as 12 EIS indicators for the period 2010 - 2017. For benchmarking of the countries three indicators are created: sub-index Input Innovation (II), sub-index Output Innovation (OI) and the Innovation Efficiency Performance Index (IEPI).The findings show that there is a difference in efficiency of innovation performance indicators between the observed two groups of countries, but as well as among each the EU candidate country. In fact, Macedonia (IEPI=2.33) has twice higher efficiency of transforming innovation inputs into innovation output unlike the EU28 countries (IEPI=1.17), Serbia (IEPI=1.06) and Turkey (IEPI=.24).It can be noted as well that Macedonia managed to use its limited resources to input (sub-index II= 0.13) in much more efficient/productive way (IEPI= 2.33) and to obtain most output innovation (sub-index OI= 0.29). This paper’s findings can be used for designing better innovation policy in the observed EU candidate countries.","PeriodicalId":31358,"journal":{"name":"ILIRIA International Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43734288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Enriching understanding of the complex relationship between intellectual property protection and local perceptions on how it benefits innovator and consumer in food value chain is an important policy effort towards food security and economic development of an agricultural society. This paper concerns intellectual property of small entrepreneurs as an intangible human capital that would spurs their ingenuity and innovation in processing foods to feed the exponentially growing population. The study sampled opinions of 132 micro and small agro-food processors in Kenya on intellectual property and its effect on developing advantageous products for them and consumers. Patent and trade secret were used as predictors of advantageous products. The two variables were modeled using linear regression techniques to find their effects on food products that would end starvation and generate enough income for the innovators (advantageous products). The study found out that the contribution of trade secrets was positive and patenting inverse to both the innovator and customer at marketplace. In the opinion of agro-food processors, intellectual property protection did not significantly influence the advantage of food products to the innovator and the end user. This implies that, small scale agro-food processors have not fully appreciated the importance of intellectual property rights. Therefore the study suggests the food processors are sensitized and current intellectual property legal framework be enhanced to promote innovation among the micro and small entrepreneurs. Borrowing from United States and China, the administration of intellectual property protection should be a one-stop-shop for policy development and enforce laws and all other intellectual proprietary matters. Interested further studies could be done on trade mark, copyrights and plant patents.
{"title":"Does Intellectual Property Protection Bring Advantage to Innovators And Consumers? Perceptions of Kenyan Small Agro-Food Processors","authors":"Sc. Francis Okumo Omillo, Ll.M. Yufunalis Okubo","doi":"10.21113/iir.v8i1.384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21113/iir.v8i1.384","url":null,"abstract":"Enriching understanding of the complex relationship between intellectual property protection and local perceptions on how it benefits innovator and consumer in food value chain is an important policy effort towards food security and economic development of an agricultural society. This paper concerns intellectual property of small entrepreneurs as an intangible human capital that would spurs their ingenuity and innovation in processing foods to feed the exponentially growing population. The study sampled opinions of 132 micro and small agro-food processors in Kenya on intellectual property and its effect on developing advantageous products for them and consumers. Patent and trade secret were used as predictors of advantageous products. The two variables were modeled using linear regression techniques to find their effects on food products that would end starvation and generate enough income for the innovators (advantageous products). The study found out that the contribution of trade secrets was positive and patenting inverse to both the innovator and customer at marketplace. In the opinion of agro-food processors, intellectual property protection did not significantly influence the advantage of food products to the innovator and the end user. This implies that, small scale agro-food processors have not fully appreciated the importance of intellectual property rights. Therefore the study suggests the food processors are sensitized and current intellectual property legal framework be enhanced to promote innovation among the micro and small entrepreneurs. Borrowing from United States and China, the administration of intellectual property protection should be a one-stop-shop for policy development and enforce laws and all other intellectual proprietary matters. Interested further studies could be done on trade mark, copyrights and plant patents.","PeriodicalId":31358,"journal":{"name":"ILIRIA International Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41658764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Globalization represents an unavoidable phenomenon in the history of mankind, which is making the world smaller and smaller by increasing the exchange of goods, services, information, knowledge and cultures between different countries. Globalization is a process that has changed a lot in our everyday lives. This multidimensional and contradictory process brings to life the hopes and achievements that life can bring to it. The rush for greater competition is one of the main objectives of globalization. Such a thing can only be reached with market liberalization, economic integration and technology development. It is important for us to benefit from globalization. Therefore, during this paper we will discuss the importance of globalization for the integration and development of countries in the US and as a case study for Kosovo. Globalization is an unstoppable process for Kosovo, and a hope for integration and development that will impact on economic development and integration into the European Union. Following the Declaration of Independence of Kosovo on 17 February 2008 and the entry into force of the Constitution of the Republic of Kosovo on 15 June 2008, the same objectives, more than before, were introduced in Kosovo. Like other transition countries, Kosovo also declared membership in the EU not only objective of foreign policy, but also a strategic social and state goal. The definition of this decision puts Kosovo at the forefront of the transition, reform and harmonization process with EU criteria.
{"title":"The Importance of Globalization in the Economic Integration of the Countries in the Region: The Case of Kosovo","authors":"Sc. Bekë Kuqi, Sc. Petrit Hasanaj","doi":"10.21113/iir.v8i1.385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21113/iir.v8i1.385","url":null,"abstract":"Globalization represents an unavoidable phenomenon in the history of mankind, which is making the world smaller and smaller by increasing the exchange of goods, services, information, knowledge and cultures between different countries. Globalization is a process that has changed a lot in our everyday lives. This multidimensional and contradictory process brings to life the hopes and achievements that life can bring to it. The rush for greater competition is one of the main objectives of globalization. Such a thing can only be reached with market liberalization, economic integration and technology development. It is important for us to benefit from globalization. Therefore, during this paper we will discuss the importance of globalization for the integration and development of countries in the US and as a case study for Kosovo. Globalization is an unstoppable process for Kosovo, and a hope for integration and development that will impact on economic development and integration into the European Union. Following the Declaration of Independence of Kosovo on 17 February 2008 and the entry into force of the Constitution of the Republic of Kosovo on 15 June 2008, the same objectives, more than before, were introduced in Kosovo. Like other transition countries, Kosovo also declared membership in the EU not only objective of foreign policy, but also a strategic social and state goal. The definition of this decision puts Kosovo at the forefront of the transition, reform and harmonization process with EU criteria.","PeriodicalId":31358,"journal":{"name":"ILIRIA International Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42105496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present article, the author defines and analyses the legal framework of the transformation of public institutions into commercial companies with an emphasis on the procedures for transforming public institutions into limited liability companies (ltd.). The author first presents the Slovenian legal framework and the new legislation on public-private partnerships (PPP), which was adopted last year. In the second part of the article, the author analyses the new rules, which primarily refer to public companies. These rules apply, mutatis mutandis, to public institutions. The procedures for transforming public institutions into limited liability companies are particularly demanding, as not only the transitional provisions of public-private-partnership legislation regarding public companies apply mutatis mutandis, but also the procedures for the corporate transformation of public limited companies into limited liability companies. The author concludes the article with some open issues regarding such procedures in the Slovenian legal system and the consequences of such transformations for the founders and employees of such transformed public institutions.
{"title":"Overview of Slovenian Legal Regulation for Possible Transformation of Public Institutions into Commercial Companies","authors":"Dr.Sc. Bojan Tičar","doi":"10.21113/iir.v8i1.382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21113/iir.v8i1.382","url":null,"abstract":"In the present article, the author defines and analyses the legal framework of the transformation of public institutions into commercial companies with an emphasis on the procedures for transforming public institutions into limited liability companies (ltd.). The author first presents the Slovenian legal framework and the new legislation on public-private partnerships (PPP), which was adopted last year. In the second part of the article, the author analyses the new rules, which primarily refer to public companies. These rules apply, mutatis mutandis, to public institutions. The procedures for transforming public institutions into limited liability companies are particularly demanding, as not only the transitional provisions of public-private-partnership legislation regarding public companies apply mutatis mutandis, but also the procedures for the corporate transformation of public limited companies into limited liability companies. The author concludes the article with some open issues regarding such procedures in the Slovenian legal system and the consequences of such transformations for the founders and employees of such transformed public institutions.","PeriodicalId":31358,"journal":{"name":"ILIRIA International Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67874466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
First rule of sustainable ecological planning is to maintain continuously the balance between available amount and demand of ecological resources. A water resource, which is one of the most important ecological resources, is one of the resources that must be protected with priority since it is one of the most initial conditions of continuity of life. Upon this perspective, EU countries are developing various water policies and calling attention to the effects of insensibly usage of water on the ecology. Among EU countries, Finland is a very rich country in terms of water resources. According to water quality charts, Finland is at the top of the list among 122 countries within the scope of UN World Water Evaluation Report of World Water development reports issued in 2003. Additionally, it is one of the richest of 147 countries evaluated according to the water poverty index which was conducted by World Water Council and British Center for Ecology and Hydrology. Finland has developed many policies for sustainable use of this ecological value of its, and has made progress on many aspects from resource preservation to wastewater reclamation. Purpose of this study is to reveal AB hydro politic approaches and to examine water policies of Finland which conducts integrated water management. This study subject has been presented verbally at the International Conference on Civil and Environmental Engineering in 2015.
{"title":"Examination of Finland Integrated Water Management Sample of EU’s Hydro Political Approach for Sustainable Ecological Planning","authors":"Sc. Filiz Karafak","doi":"10.21113/IIR.V8I1.393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21113/IIR.V8I1.393","url":null,"abstract":"First rule of sustainable ecological planning is to maintain continuously the balance between available amount and demand of ecological resources. A water resource, which is one of the most important ecological resources, is one of the resources that must be protected with priority since it is one of the most initial conditions of continuity of life. Upon this perspective, EU countries are developing various water policies and calling attention to the effects of insensibly usage of water on the ecology. Among EU countries, Finland is a very rich country in terms of water resources. According to water quality charts, Finland is at the top of the list among 122 countries within the scope of UN World Water Evaluation Report of World Water development reports issued in 2003. Additionally, it is one of the richest of 147 countries evaluated according to the water poverty index which was conducted by World Water Council and British Center for Ecology and Hydrology. Finland has developed many policies for sustainable use of this ecological value of its, and has made progress on many aspects from resource preservation to wastewater reclamation. Purpose of this study is to reveal AB hydro politic approaches and to examine water policies of Finland which conducts integrated water management. This study subject has been presented verbally at the International Conference on Civil and Environmental Engineering in 2015.","PeriodicalId":31358,"journal":{"name":"ILIRIA International Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44247711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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