The celebration of victory, along with the demonstration of power and invincibility, was one of the key elements of public art in advanced ancient civilizations. Ancient Greece was no exception. Classical Athenian art was largely funded by the Athenians’ military booty and the members of the Delian League. Every piece of work was designed to make the unity and power of the Greek world visible, led by Athens, to emphasize the difference between Greeks and those they called barbarians. Permanent monuments, tropaia , served to constantly remind people of the great triumphs of the Hellenes over defeated enemies. They began to appear during the Greco-Persian Wars. These were community works that later became a model for the propaganda repertoire of the Romans and other nations. However, there were not the only Greek memorials celebrating victory. In individual city-states and temple districts were buildings, sculptures and paintings celebrating the power of Hellenes that were complemented by literary works of poets and playwrights. The effort to make military power and superiority more visible in art was also characterized by the fratricidal battles of the Greeks during the Peloponnesian Wars.
{"title":"Celebrating victory: art and war booty in Classical GrCelebrating victory: art and war booty in Classical Greeceeece","authors":"Dr.Sc. Lucia Novakova, Dr.Sc. Romana Šályová","doi":"10.21113/IIR.V9I2.516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21113/IIR.V9I2.516","url":null,"abstract":"The celebration of victory, along with the demonstration of power and invincibility, was one of the key elements of public art in advanced ancient civilizations. Ancient Greece was no exception. Classical Athenian art was largely funded by the Athenians’ military booty and the members of the Delian League. Every piece of work was designed to make the unity and power of the Greek world visible, led by Athens, to emphasize the difference between Greeks and those they called barbarians. Permanent monuments, tropaia , served to constantly remind people of the great triumphs of the Hellenes over defeated enemies. They began to appear during the Greco-Persian Wars. These were community works that later became a model for the propaganda repertoire of the Romans and other nations. However, there were not the only Greek memorials celebrating victory. In individual city-states and temple districts were buildings, sculptures and paintings celebrating the power of Hellenes that were complemented by literary works of poets and playwrights. The effort to make military power and superiority more visible in art was also characterized by the fratricidal battles of the Greeks during the Peloponnesian Wars.","PeriodicalId":31358,"journal":{"name":"ILIRIA International Review","volume":"9 1","pages":"254-267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46209560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Grammar is the backbone of any language learning; it is the main constituent of booth written language and oral communication. Grammar also facilitates the transfer of thoughts and ideas to the other people. Thus, the researchers and language theorists have different views on the importance of teaching grammar to language learners. On one hand, some researchers argue for teaching structural grammar, while the others argue for the communicative teaching approach. In order to test the main research questions this research was based on adopted questionnaire that was distributed to undergraduate students at the International University of Sarajevo. The questionnaire entitled “Student’s perceptions of grammar learning,” determined student’s perceptions, ideas, methods and experiences in learning grammar. This research also analyzed how students acquired grammar by examining their definitions of grammar, importance of grammar, need of grammar learning, grammar learning techniques and methods and error correction and feedback in ESL. In order to get the results we used SPSS program in which frequencies for specific questions were obtained. Obtained data from the research on both teaching and learning grammar will be valuable for course development, planning and teaching grammar. Data will lead researchers and teachers to match students’ needs and interests on the path of effective grammar learning in ESL.
{"title":"Student’s Attitudes and Perceptions of Effective Grammar Acquisition in the Second Language Classroom","authors":"Dr.Sc. Almasa Mulalić","doi":"10.21113/IIR.V9I2.518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21113/IIR.V9I2.518","url":null,"abstract":"Grammar is the backbone of any language learning; it is the main constituent of booth written language and oral communication. Grammar also facilitates the transfer of thoughts and ideas to the other people. Thus, the researchers and language theorists have different views on the importance of teaching grammar to language learners. On one hand, some researchers argue for teaching structural grammar, while the others argue for the communicative teaching approach. In order to test the main research questions this research was based on adopted questionnaire that was distributed to undergraduate students at the International University of Sarajevo. The questionnaire entitled “Student’s perceptions of grammar learning,” determined student’s perceptions, ideas, methods and experiences in learning grammar. This research also analyzed how students acquired grammar by examining their definitions of grammar, importance of grammar, need of grammar learning, grammar learning techniques and methods and error correction and feedback in ESL. In order to get the results we used SPSS program in which frequencies for specific questions were obtained. Obtained data from the research on both teaching and learning grammar will be valuable for course development, planning and teaching grammar. Data will lead researchers and teachers to match students’ needs and interests on the path of effective grammar learning in ESL.","PeriodicalId":31358,"journal":{"name":"ILIRIA International Review","volume":"9 1","pages":"283-302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43221807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
After the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the traditional waqf law has gone through a reform. Republican reforms abolished the Islamic waqfs and replaced them with "foundations", an institution adapted from the Swiss Civil Code as it was regarded practically more eligible to reshape the former system. Turkish Republic introduced a new civil code in 1926. Under this new code , the waqf institution was changed into an organization detached from its Islamic background. The present essay is going to examine the waqf reform carried out in modern Turkey. The kind of the waqf prescribed by the code of 1926 and the waqfs existed during the Ottoman times were entirely different institutions. The predominant aspect of the newly introduced waqf is evident in its new status which is detached from its religious background. It was actually created and appropriated by considering the similar European organizations. Under the new law waqf is realized as a legal entity. The Islamic perpetuity principle has a rather different meaning under the Turkish Civil code. In this respect, this article will not only consider the legal aspects of waqf law but also it will consider the historical circumstances that paved the way to reshaping the former waqf system in the Republican era.
{"title":"The Question of Waqf in Turkey from its Ottoman Past to the Present","authors":"Dr.Sc. Sanem Aksoy Dursun","doi":"10.21113/IIR.V9I2.513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21113/IIR.V9I2.513","url":null,"abstract":"After the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the traditional waqf law has gone through a reform. Republican reforms abolished the Islamic waqfs and replaced them with \"foundations\", an institution adapted from the Swiss Civil Code as it was regarded practically more eligible to reshape the former system. Turkish Republic introduced a new civil code in 1926. Under this new code , the waqf institution was changed into an organization detached from its Islamic background. The present essay is going to examine the waqf reform carried out in modern Turkey. The kind of the waqf prescribed by the code of 1926 and the waqfs existed during the Ottoman times were entirely different institutions. The predominant aspect of the newly introduced waqf is evident in its new status which is detached from its religious background. It was actually created and appropriated by considering the similar European organizations. Under the new law waqf is realized as a legal entity. The Islamic perpetuity principle has a rather different meaning under the Turkish Civil code. In this respect, this article will not only consider the legal aspects of waqf law but also it will consider the historical circumstances that paved the way to reshaping the former waqf system in the Republican era.","PeriodicalId":31358,"journal":{"name":"ILIRIA International Review","volume":"9 1","pages":"181-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44192085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite the reintegration needs of the returnee there is important to design reintegration program, reintegrate and enable them to become independent and productive members of the community; the identification of these needs are often neglected in academic studies. The objective of the study was to explore the reintegration needs sought by returnees to Omo Nada district after return. To this end, I conducted a resourceful study in Omo Nada district in 2017. I collected the data by means of in-depth interviews, key informant interviews and focus group discussions. I used thematic analysis to analyze the findings. The study identified the need for support in the form of health services, counselling, housing, employment, skills training, finances, loans and social support as the major reintegration needs sought by the study participants. Despite the many needs identified, the returnees could not get reintegration support. Due to this, they were not able to reintegrate into their communities. Returning to the pre-migration conditions which drove them to migrate ‘illegally' in the first place, with no hope of any reintegration assistance, led some returnees to intend re-migrate illegally.
{"title":"The Reintegration Needs of Illegal Migrant Returnees to Omo Nada District Jimma Zone, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia","authors":"Dr.Sc. Gudina Abashula","doi":"10.21113/IIR.V9I2.506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21113/IIR.V9I2.506","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the reintegration needs of the returnee there is important to design reintegration program, reintegrate and enable them to become independent and productive members of the community; the identification of these needs are often neglected in academic studies. The objective of the study was to explore the reintegration needs sought by returnees to Omo Nada district after return. To this end, I conducted a resourceful study in Omo Nada district in 2017. I collected the data by means of in-depth interviews, key informant interviews and focus group discussions. I used thematic analysis to analyze the findings. The study identified the need for support in the form of health services, counselling, housing, employment, skills training, finances, loans and social support as the major reintegration needs sought by the study participants. Despite the many needs identified, the returnees could not get reintegration support. Due to this, they were not able to reintegrate into their communities. Returning to the pre-migration conditions which drove them to migrate ‘illegally' in the first place, with no hope of any reintegration assistance, led some returnees to intend re-migrate illegally.","PeriodicalId":31358,"journal":{"name":"ILIRIA International Review","volume":"9 1","pages":"29-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41897951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
No matter its peculiarities, enlargement policy through its conditionality policy instrument is viewed as the most successful EU foreign policy. It is argued that enlargement has strengthened and stabilized democracy in Europe. This review article discusses the enlargement policy towards the Western Balkans since the 2003 Thessaloniki Summit and the Union’s efforts and mechanisms to maintain enlargement at the forefront. These mechanisms include forums and summits of discussion between EU and Western Balkan key actors, various strategies on enlargement, and financial dedications to fostering reform implementation like IPA. The 2003 Summit is considered a critical point in regards to refocusing attention and efforts to enlargement and reaffirming a European future for the Balkan region; therefore, it is important to consider all alternations from that point in time. Thus, the aim is to look at enlargement policy through years and provide an insightful view to the enlargement credibility that allows us to critically review it. To achieve the set goal, this article employees the content analysis methodology. The results show that although the Commission has shown its commitment to enlargement from time to time, the enlargement policy has been at stake at different times from 2003. The raise of the populism right wing parties in Europe, the growth of eurospectis and spread of terrorism are few of the contributing factors to the enlargement fatigue.
{"title":"An analysis of the European Enlargement Policy through years: the case of Western Balkans","authors":"M. Rexha","doi":"10.21113/IIR.V9I2.515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21113/IIR.V9I2.515","url":null,"abstract":"No matter its peculiarities, enlargement policy through its conditionality policy instrument is viewed as the most successful EU foreign policy. It is argued that enlargement has strengthened and stabilized democracy in Europe. This review article discusses the enlargement policy towards the Western Balkans since the 2003 Thessaloniki Summit and the Union’s efforts and mechanisms to maintain enlargement at the forefront. These mechanisms include forums and summits of discussion between EU and Western Balkan key actors, various strategies on enlargement, and financial dedications to fostering reform implementation like IPA. The 2003 Summit is considered a critical point in regards to refocusing attention and efforts to enlargement and reaffirming a European future for the Balkan region; therefore, it is important to consider all alternations from that point in time. Thus, the aim is to look at enlargement policy through years and provide an insightful view to the enlargement credibility that allows us to critically review it. To achieve the set goal, this article employees the content analysis methodology. The results show that although the Commission has shown its commitment to enlargement from time to time, the enlargement policy has been at stake at different times from 2003. The raise of the populism right wing parties in Europe, the growth of eurospectis and spread of terrorism are few of the contributing factors to the enlargement fatigue.","PeriodicalId":31358,"journal":{"name":"ILIRIA International Review","volume":"9 1","pages":"234-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41945949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Advantageous product is a product with a competitive edge over others in the market. It attracts more revenue for the enterprise, fulfils sophisticated customer demands and is highly differentiated. In this paper, enterprise’s size and age influence on advantageous food products for local and export markets are examined. Formality is considered as a moderating factor. The study sampled 132 food-manufacturing Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) in Busia and Nairobi Counties. The researcher used Jovanovich’s Learning Effect Model to inform the conceptual framework. A seven Likert Scale questionnaire was used to measure the MSEs’ gradation in opinion, attitude and behaviour on size, age, registration and how they influenced their advantageous product. Research instruments’ reliability was tested by chronbach’s alpha and realized 0.97 which was greater than 0.70 showing excellent internal consistency . Due to weak information management system of agro-food processors in Busia county, snowballing sampling techniques was used and fisher sampling techniques formula at standard normal deviate of 1.96 on Nairobi County Government given its numerous food manufacturing enterprises. The data was analyzed using moderated Logit model at a corresponding 5% level of significance using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. The study found out that enterprise size, age and registration status (as a whole) significantly influenced agro-food processors to produce advantageous product ( wald (1) = 41.297 , p=.000, sig<.05, 2-tailed) but not as independent stand alone factor. The study recommends census of all agro-food manufacturing enterprises in Kenya. It also suggests combination of size and age factors in the registration and development of the enterprises. Finally the study recommends establishment of a food and beverage administration authority to support MSEs for export market.
{"title":"Using Jovanovich’s Learning Effects Model to Predict Advantageous Product among Micro and Small agro-food manufacturing Enterprises in Kenya","authors":"Dr.Sc. Francis Okumu Omillo","doi":"10.21113/IIR.V9I2.520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21113/IIR.V9I2.520","url":null,"abstract":"Advantageous product is a product with a competitive edge over others in the market. It attracts more revenue for the enterprise, fulfils sophisticated customer demands and is highly differentiated. In this paper, enterprise’s size and age influence on advantageous food products for local and export markets are examined. Formality is considered as a moderating factor. The study sampled 132 food-manufacturing Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) in Busia and Nairobi Counties. The researcher used Jovanovich’s Learning Effect Model to inform the conceptual framework. A seven Likert Scale questionnaire was used to measure the MSEs’ gradation in opinion, attitude and behaviour on size, age, registration and how they influenced their advantageous product. Research instruments’ reliability was tested by chronbach’s alpha and realized 0.97 which was greater than 0.70 showing excellent internal consistency . Due to weak information management system of agro-food processors in Busia county, snowballing sampling techniques was used and fisher sampling techniques formula at standard normal deviate of 1.96 on Nairobi County Government given its numerous food manufacturing enterprises. The data was analyzed using moderated Logit model at a corresponding 5% level of significance using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. The study found out that enterprise size, age and registration status (as a whole) significantly influenced agro-food processors to produce advantageous product ( wald (1) = 41.297 , p=.000, sig<.05, 2-tailed) but not as independent stand alone factor. The study recommends census of all agro-food manufacturing enterprises in Kenya. It also suggests combination of size and age factors in the registration and development of the enterprises. Finally the study recommends establishment of a food and beverage administration authority to support MSEs for export market.","PeriodicalId":31358,"journal":{"name":"ILIRIA International Review","volume":"9 1","pages":"11-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42450244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Achieving sustainable market economies in the Western Balkan countries will depend on a number of barriers being overcome. For this reason, these countries lack competitiveness in the business environment. Many problems in the business environment are persistent but common problems across of the countries of this region are getting electricity and construction permits. These problems or barriers are set out in Doing Business Reports of World Bank. The paper reviews doing business in Western Balkan countries especially in Kosovo and North Macedonia. The main goal of this paper is to analyze of the advantages of doing business in Kosovo and North Macedonia, where does Kosovo stand in terms of doing business in relation to North Macedonia and what Kosovo needs to learn from North Macedonia in order to improve the business environment. To achieve the set goal, we have used the integrative review method. The results show that North Macedonia is a leader in the Western Balkans in doing business because the great campaign done by the Macedonian institutions for attracting Foreign Direct Investments (FDI). So, Kosovo should be based on North Macedonian practices. A new investment campaign in Kosovo would certainly have a positive impact on business environment.
{"title":"An Overview of Doing Business in Western Balkan: The Analysis of Advantages of Doing Business in Kosovo and North Macedonia","authors":"Dr.Sc. Gëzim Jusufi, Ma. Getoar Lubeniqi","doi":"10.21113/IIR.V9I2.512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21113/IIR.V9I2.512","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving sustainable market economies in the Western Balkan countries will depend on a number of barriers being overcome. For this reason, these countries lack competitiveness in the business environment. Many problems in the business environment are persistent but common problems across of the countries of this region are getting electricity and construction permits. These problems or barriers are set out in Doing Business Reports of World Bank. The paper reviews doing business in Western Balkan countries especially in Kosovo and North Macedonia. The main goal of this paper is to analyze of the advantages of doing business in Kosovo and North Macedonia, where does Kosovo stand in terms of doing business in relation to North Macedonia and what Kosovo needs to learn from North Macedonia in order to improve the business environment. To achieve the set goal, we have used the integrative review method. The results show that North Macedonia is a leader in the Western Balkans in doing business because the great campaign done by the Macedonian institutions for attracting Foreign Direct Investments (FDI). So, Kosovo should be based on North Macedonian practices. A new investment campaign in Kosovo would certainly have a positive impact on business environment.","PeriodicalId":31358,"journal":{"name":"ILIRIA International Review","volume":"9 1","pages":"167-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44122188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christina B Azodi, Emily Bolger, Andrew McCarren, Mark Roantree, Gustavo de Los Campos, Shin-Han Shiu
The usefulness of genomic prediction in crop and livestock breeding programs has prompted efforts to develop new and improved genomic prediction algorithms, such as artificial neural networks and gradient tree boosting. However, the performance of these algorithms has not been compared in a systematic manner using a wide range of datasets and models. Using data of 18 traits across six plant species with different marker densities and training population sizes, we compared the performance of six linear and six non-linear algorithms. First, we found that hyperparameter selection was necessary for all non-linear algorithms and that feature selection prior to model training was critical for artificial neural networks when the markers greatly outnumbered the number of training lines. Across all species and trait combinations, no one algorithm performed best, however predictions based on a combination of results from multiple algorithms (i.e., ensemble predictions) performed consistently well. While linear and non-linear algorithms performed best for a similar number of traits, the performance of non-linear algorithms vary more between traits. Although artificial neural networks did not perform best for any trait, we identified strategies (i.e., feature selection, seeded starting weights) that boosted their performance to near the level of other algorithms. Our results highlight the importance of algorithm selection for the prediction of trait values.
{"title":"Benchmarking Parametric and Machine Learning Models for Genomic Prediction of Complex Traits.","authors":"Christina B Azodi, Emily Bolger, Andrew McCarren, Mark Roantree, Gustavo de Los Campos, Shin-Han Shiu","doi":"10.1534/g3.119.400498","DOIUrl":"10.1534/g3.119.400498","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The usefulness of genomic prediction in crop and livestock breeding programs has prompted efforts to develop new and improved genomic prediction algorithms, such as artificial neural networks and gradient tree boosting. However, the performance of these algorithms has not been compared in a systematic manner using a wide range of datasets and models. Using data of 18 traits across six plant species with different marker densities and training population sizes, we compared the performance of six linear and six non-linear algorithms. First, we found that hyperparameter selection was necessary for all non-linear algorithms and that feature selection prior to model training was critical for artificial neural networks when the markers greatly outnumbered the number of training lines. Across all species and trait combinations, no one algorithm performed best, however predictions based on a combination of results from multiple algorithms (<i>i.e.</i>, ensemble predictions) performed consistently well. While linear and non-linear algorithms performed best for a similar number of traits, the performance of non-linear algorithms vary more between traits. Although artificial neural networks did not perform best for any trait, we identified strategies (<i>i.e.</i>, feature selection, seeded starting weights) that boosted their performance to near the level of other algorithms. Our results highlight the importance of algorithm selection for the prediction of trait values.</p>","PeriodicalId":31358,"journal":{"name":"ILIRIA International Review","volume":"8 1","pages":"3691-3702"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6829122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73042877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dr.Sc. Marija Midovska Petkoska, Dr.Sc. Snezana Mojsovska, Dr.Sc. Dragica Odzaklieska
Systems for measuring and managing organizational performance are designed to help managers in this complex business environment. Organizational performance as a category must be considered from multiple perspectives. Today, most of the designed systems for measuring organizational performance have an integrated and balanced approach to the measurement. They incorporate multiple perspectives for measuring. This is primarily due to the multidimensionality of the concept. The financial perspective is one of the most important perspectives in any system for measuring organizational performance. This perspective was the only one perspective for measuring performance in the past. That's why it still has the primacy among other perspectives today. The main aim of this paper is to research the role of the financial perspective in the systems for measuring organizational performance, with special accent on the designed adaptable system for measuring organizational performance in the companies of food industry in the Republic of Macedonia. The paper continuous to research the most common Key Performance Indicators used by the companies in this industry when it comes to financial perspective. In the end the paper researches the relationships between selected indicators.
{"title":"Financial Perspective in the System for Measuring Organizational Performance – Case Study Food Industry in Republic of Macedonia","authors":"Dr.Sc. Marija Midovska Petkoska, Dr.Sc. Snezana Mojsovska, Dr.Sc. Dragica Odzaklieska","doi":"10.21113/IIR.V9I1.474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21113/IIR.V9I1.474","url":null,"abstract":"Systems for measuring and managing organizational performance are designed to help managers in this complex business environment. Organizational performance as a category must be considered from multiple perspectives. Today, most of the designed systems for measuring organizational performance have an integrated and balanced approach to the measurement. They incorporate multiple perspectives for measuring. This is primarily due to the multidimensionality of the concept. The financial perspective is one of the most important perspectives in any system for measuring organizational performance. This perspective was the only one perspective for measuring performance in the past. That's why it still has the primacy among other perspectives today. The main aim of this paper is to research the role of the financial perspective in the systems for measuring organizational performance, with special accent on the designed adaptable system for measuring organizational performance in the companies of food industry in the Republic of Macedonia. The paper continuous to research the most common Key Performance Indicators used by the companies in this industry when it comes to financial perspective. In the end the paper researches the relationships between selected indicators.","PeriodicalId":31358,"journal":{"name":"ILIRIA International Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42322166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The subject of research on this paper is the clusters and their contribution to the development of the innovation of national economies. They have been identified as one of the pillars for their rapid economic development. The relevance of the research on the innovation aspect of clusters, the development of the national economy both in the Republic of Macedonia and among the EU Member States stems from the role of clusters in overcoming economic problems on the one hand, as well as facilitation of the private initiative, acceleration of economic growth and the improvement of employment opportunities as factors of the economic development of countries on the other. In conditions of globalization of the world economy, the issue of developing the competitiveness of businesses and their contribution to national economies, is creating conditions for developing the private sector by providing favourable business climate and eliminating administrative and bureaucratic obstacles, is raised. The survey, conducted through data analysis in EU member states, confirmed the assumptions of the great importance and potential of clusters for the national economies of the EU member states.
{"title":"Why should National Economies be Based on Clusters - Positive and Negative Sites","authors":"Dr.Sc. Goce Markoski","doi":"10.21113/IIR.V9I1.479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21113/IIR.V9I1.479","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of research on this paper is the clusters and their contribution to the development of the innovation of national economies. They have been identified as one of the pillars for their rapid economic development. The relevance of the research on the innovation aspect of clusters, the development of the national economy both in the Republic of Macedonia and among the EU Member States stems from the role of clusters in overcoming economic problems on the one hand, as well as facilitation of the private initiative, acceleration of economic growth and the improvement of employment opportunities as factors of the economic development of countries on the other. In conditions of globalization of the world economy, the issue of developing the competitiveness of businesses and their contribution to national economies, is creating conditions for developing the private sector by providing favourable business climate and eliminating administrative and bureaucratic obstacles, is raised. The survey, conducted through data analysis in EU member states, confirmed the assumptions of the great importance and potential of clusters for the national economies of the EU member states.","PeriodicalId":31358,"journal":{"name":"ILIRIA International Review","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41458938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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