Historically, the inter-ethnic conflict in Kosovo has been made for its territory. Both sides, Serbs and Albanians, have voiced allegations of history and ethno-demography to justify their supposedly exclusive right over this ethnically mixed territory. According to the London Conferences (1912-13), Versailles (1919) and Paris (1946) and against the free will of its Albanian population, Kosovo has become part of Yugoslavia. After the Second World War with the establishment of Communist Yugoslavia Kosovo Albanians were given a degree of autonomy within the framework of Serbia. After the dissolution of Yugoslavia in 1991, the Kosovo Albanian population organized a referendum in which independence was elected. On the other hand, Serbian authorities insisted on Kosovo's constitutional status as an integral part of Serbia. Kosovo represents important challenges and also the opportunity to fulfill human rights guarantees and promises of international co-operation. Where ethnic tensions and violence share societies, as is the case with Kosovo, respect for minority rights promotes conditions for political, social, and peace stability. In such societies, different national, ethnic, religious and linguistic groups have the opportunity to live together, communicate effectively and understand the value of differences between themselves and cultural diversity in their societies.
{"title":"Ethnic Dimension in Kosovo, Security and its Consequences in Transition","authors":"Ma. Genc Mekaj, Ma. Kreshnik Aliaj","doi":"10.21113/IIR.V9I1.482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21113/IIR.V9I1.482","url":null,"abstract":"Historically, the inter-ethnic conflict in Kosovo has been made for its territory. Both sides, Serbs and Albanians, have voiced allegations of history and ethno-demography to justify their supposedly exclusive right over this ethnically mixed territory. According to the London Conferences (1912-13), Versailles (1919) and Paris (1946) and against the free will of its Albanian population, Kosovo has become part of Yugoslavia. After the Second World War with the establishment of Communist Yugoslavia Kosovo Albanians were given a degree of autonomy within the framework of Serbia. After the dissolution of Yugoslavia in 1991, the Kosovo Albanian population organized a referendum in which independence was elected. On the other hand, Serbian authorities insisted on Kosovo's constitutional status as an integral part of Serbia. Kosovo represents important challenges and also the opportunity to fulfill human rights guarantees and promises of international co-operation. Where ethnic tensions and violence share societies, as is the case with Kosovo, respect for minority rights promotes conditions for political, social, and peace stability. In such societies, different national, ethnic, religious and linguistic groups have the opportunity to live together, communicate effectively and understand the value of differences between themselves and cultural diversity in their societies.","PeriodicalId":31358,"journal":{"name":"ILIRIA International Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45068672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Building a multicultural society is one way of finding a Vivendi mode for resolving the national status of autochthonous peoples, minorities, minority communities or minority groups in the country, without conflict and war. In such a society, these peoples and groups exercise their right to resolve their political status, their economic, cultural and social development through constitutional possibilities, through international documents, all through various democratic mechanisms - referenda, agreements, etc. In that way they regulate their right to internal-internal, and sometimes external-external self-determination, and thus acquire certain elements of their international legal subjectivity. In this paper, we want to make some clarifications on the construction and functioning of a multicultural and / or intercultural society, using the research of the author Andrea Semprini and his book on Multiculturalism in the United States, with the intention that this may serve as an instructive practical-theoretical example of solving similar problems in our former Yugoslav - above all, the Sandžak area.
{"title":"Sandžak Between Interculturalism and Multiculturalism","authors":"Dr.sc. Harun Hadzic","doi":"10.21113/IIR.V9I1.485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21113/IIR.V9I1.485","url":null,"abstract":"Building a multicultural society is one way of finding a Vivendi mode for resolving the national status of autochthonous peoples, minorities, minority communities or minority groups in the country, without conflict and war. In such a society, these peoples and groups exercise their right to resolve their political status, their economic, cultural and social development through constitutional possibilities, through international documents, all through various democratic mechanisms - referenda, agreements, etc. In that way they regulate their right to internal-internal, and sometimes external-external self-determination, and thus acquire certain elements of their international legal subjectivity. In this paper, we want to make some clarifications on the construction and functioning of a multicultural and / or intercultural society, using the research of the author Andrea Semprini and his book on Multiculturalism in the United States, with the intention that this may serve as an instructive practical-theoretical example of solving similar problems in our former Yugoslav - above all, the Sandžak area.","PeriodicalId":31358,"journal":{"name":"ILIRIA International Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47976141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Likert-type scale is ordinal, hence not compatible with parametric techniques. Disregard of this fact causes flawed research outputs. Enterprises get themselves in precarious situations as ultimate consumers flawed outputs. This paper is motivated by the dearth desire by entrepreneurs to make accurate and valid decisions harvested from a dependable measurement scale. Identifying the pitfalls of Likert-type scale and remedies to address the weaknesses, form the objectives of the study. The study is anchored on the Classical Test and Generation theories. Reviewing literature and from own personal experiences in assessing students’ thesis at university level in Kenya found traditional pentatonic Likert-type scale highly favored by most young researchers in enterprise development. The researchers treated the Likert scale outputs as interval data. Consequently most of them got wrong inferential techniques and findings. This study suggests transformation of ordinal data into binary data, interval or ratio before going into parametric analysis. Secondly, increase the number of points on the Likert scale, preferably to seven (7) to enhance reliability, validity, discriminating power and respondent preferences. Thirdly, adopt newest models of Likert type scale, that is; novel fuzzy Likert scale, phrase completion scale and two-stages Likert scale for measuring direction and intensity dimensions seperately. Finally, Likert type scale could be improved by Rasch analysis, too. The findings and suggestions of the study are relevant for researchers in both academic, clinical and enterprise development for attainment of the Kenya Vision 2030 .
{"title":"Muddles in Pentatonic Likert-type scale: Accuracy Cost in Psychometric Measurements for Small Enterprise Development","authors":"Dr.Sc. Francis Okumu Omillo","doi":"10.21113/IIR.V9I1.476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21113/IIR.V9I1.476","url":null,"abstract":"Likert-type scale is ordinal, hence not compatible with parametric techniques. Disregard of this fact causes flawed research outputs. Enterprises get themselves in precarious situations as ultimate consumers flawed outputs. This paper is motivated by the dearth desire by entrepreneurs to make accurate and valid decisions harvested from a dependable measurement scale. Identifying the pitfalls of Likert-type scale and remedies to address the weaknesses, form the objectives of the study. The study is anchored on the Classical Test and Generation theories. Reviewing literature and from own personal experiences in assessing students’ thesis at university level in Kenya found traditional pentatonic Likert-type scale highly favored by most young researchers in enterprise development. The researchers treated the Likert scale outputs as interval data. Consequently most of them got wrong inferential techniques and findings. This study suggests transformation of ordinal data into binary data, interval or ratio before going into parametric analysis. Secondly, increase the number of points on the Likert scale, preferably to seven (7) to enhance reliability, validity, discriminating power and respondent preferences. Thirdly, adopt newest models of Likert type scale, that is; novel fuzzy Likert scale, phrase completion scale and two-stages Likert scale for measuring direction and intensity dimensions seperately. Finally, Likert type scale could be improved by Rasch analysis, too. The findings and suggestions of the study are relevant for researchers in both academic, clinical and enterprise development for attainment of the Kenya Vision 2030 .","PeriodicalId":31358,"journal":{"name":"ILIRIA International Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48553680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Adriatic coast is characterized by the presence of a highly diversified lagoon system. That is considered to be a high tourism potential and a basis for a more sustainable development of the economy of the area in which they are found. Changes of sea level rise on the Adriatic coast lagoon prominently displayed on the change of biodiversity. Besides the natural factors in this lagoon as well as all other lagoons of the Adriatic coast it feels a lot during the last 60 years of pressure from human society itself. In the dynamics of the waters of the Patok lagoon play a major role in hydrological processes of climate (the arrival of water through tides, increasing during heavy autumn, winter flooding, evaporation process of the wind, etc.), which raise or lower the level water in the lagoon creating this process through channels connecting the Patoku sea. The study aims to identify the values of this wetland complex located in the coastline and is identified as a region in a critical condition and vulnerable to climate change. Here, it can be successfully develop several types of tourism: the creative and ecological. The chaotic urbanization and the problems that derive from it, have arisen massive violation of environmental balance, associated with environmental, social and demographic problems. The paper, it is based on a multi-year work to show their biodiversity values, as well as the measures needed to be taken in order to build the tourism sector
{"title":"The Adriatic Coast and Tourist Potentials in the Lagoon Ecosystems","authors":"Dr.Sc. Mirela Tase, Dr.Sc. Arjeta Hallunovi","doi":"10.21113/IIR.V9I1.488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21113/IIR.V9I1.488","url":null,"abstract":"The Adriatic coast is characterized by the presence of a highly diversified lagoon system. That is considered to be a high tourism potential and a basis for a more sustainable development of the economy of the area in which they are found. Changes of sea level rise on the Adriatic coast lagoon prominently displayed on the change of biodiversity. Besides the natural factors in this lagoon as well as all other lagoons of the Adriatic coast it feels a lot during the last 60 years of pressure from human society itself. In the dynamics of the waters of the Patok lagoon play a major role in hydrological processes of climate (the arrival of water through tides, increasing during heavy autumn, winter flooding, evaporation process of the wind, etc.), which raise or lower the level water in the lagoon creating this process through channels connecting the Patoku sea. The study aims to identify the values of this wetland complex located in the coastline and is identified as a region in a critical condition and vulnerable to climate change. Here, it can be successfully develop several types of tourism: the creative and ecological. The chaotic urbanization and the problems that derive from it, have arisen massive violation of environmental balance, associated with environmental, social and demographic problems. The paper, it is based on a multi-year work to show their biodiversity values, as well as the measures needed to be taken in order to build the tourism sector","PeriodicalId":31358,"journal":{"name":"ILIRIA International Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48920286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper investigates the two competing ways to conceptualize time in the history of Western thought. There is one which is called phenomenological and the other which is called cosmological. Former is primarily grounded in St. Augustine’s Confessions whereas the latter had its historical source in Aristotle’s Physics . This investigation had its motivation in Paul Ricoeur’s project of Time and Narrative . The main object of this investigation is three-fold. Firstly, it will be argued that neither of the two competing conceptions could be derived from the other. Secondly, none of these two can refute the other. Finally, they are not mutually exclusive, for both of them presume basic theses from one and another. During the pursuit of this threefold-object, it will be become amply clear that cosmological time is the time of nature and phenomenological time is the time of human world or human action. This will help achieve the purpose of this study which is also three-fold: to build an argument towards proposing a critique of human reason that claims autonomy over tradition as discourse, and develop a case against the distinction between natural and human sciences, i.e., social sciences, arts and humanities; inasmuch this distinction requires that there are two separate worlds, the world of man and the world of nature, or that one of them has superiority over other. No solution to the impasse or aporia of time will be proposed, and correspondingly no solution to the problem of exact relationship between natural and human sciences will be recommended. But only an indication towards a possibility of such a solution will be made.
{"title":"St. Augustine’s Confessions vs. Aristotle’s Physics: Two Rival Conceptions of Time in the History of Western Thought","authors":"Martha Husain","doi":"10.21113/IIR.V9I1.487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21113/IIR.V9I1.487","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the two competing ways to conceptualize time in the history of Western thought. There is one which is called phenomenological and the other which is called cosmological. Former is primarily grounded in St. Augustine’s Confessions whereas the latter had its historical source in Aristotle’s Physics . This investigation had its motivation in Paul Ricoeur’s project of Time and Narrative . The main object of this investigation is three-fold. Firstly, it will be argued that neither of the two competing conceptions could be derived from the other. Secondly, none of these two can refute the other. Finally, they are not mutually exclusive, for both of them presume basic theses from one and another. During the pursuit of this threefold-object, it will be become amply clear that cosmological time is the time of nature and phenomenological time is the time of human world or human action. This will help achieve the purpose of this study which is also three-fold: to build an argument towards proposing a critique of human reason that claims autonomy over tradition as discourse, and develop a case against the distinction between natural and human sciences, i.e., social sciences, arts and humanities; inasmuch this distinction requires that there are two separate worlds, the world of man and the world of nature, or that one of them has superiority over other. No solution to the impasse or aporia of time will be proposed, and correspondingly no solution to the problem of exact relationship between natural and human sciences will be recommended. But only an indication towards a possibility of such a solution will be made.","PeriodicalId":31358,"journal":{"name":"ILIRIA International Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48924468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently, gender differences in agriculture have caught attention of many scholars and researchers. The objective of this paper is to analyze women’s and men’s access to and decision making over productive resources in Yayo district with the intension of identifying gaps between them in terms of equity and equality. To meet the above mentioned objective, a cross sectional survey design was employed with a mixed research approach of data collection and analysis. Both primary and secondary data were gathered. Among 17 kebeles that are found in Yayo district, Witate and Hamuma were selected purposively. Among the total 2060 husbands and wives who live together, 324 of them were picked randomly by using Raosoft sample size determination formula. Household survey, key informant interview, and focus group discussions were used as methods of data collection. Descriptive statistics and chi-square were used as quantitative methods of data analysis where as thematic analysis was used as a qualitative method of data analysis. Findings from descriptive statistics showed decision making on when and how to prepare land, what to grow, fertilizer utilization, and when to harvest were dominantly decided by men. Insufficient well among the users of drinking water impeded other activities because women stay long hours to access to drinking water. This calls for the designing of effective interventions to address the problems of quality water service provision.
{"title":"Gender Difference: Decision Making in Agricultural Production in Yayo District, South-Western Ethiopia","authors":"Ma. Gudina Yadeta, Dr.Sc. Gudina Abashula","doi":"10.21113/IIR.V9I1.475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21113/IIR.V9I1.475","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, gender differences in agriculture have caught attention of many scholars and researchers. The objective of this paper is to analyze women’s and men’s access to and decision making over productive resources in Yayo district with the intension of identifying gaps between them in terms of equity and equality. To meet the above mentioned objective, a cross sectional survey design was employed with a mixed research approach of data collection and analysis. Both primary and secondary data were gathered. Among 17 kebeles that are found in Yayo district, Witate and Hamuma were selected purposively. Among the total 2060 husbands and wives who live together, 324 of them were picked randomly by using Raosoft sample size determination formula. Household survey, key informant interview, and focus group discussions were used as methods of data collection. Descriptive statistics and chi-square were used as quantitative methods of data analysis where as thematic analysis was used as a qualitative method of data analysis. Findings from descriptive statistics showed decision making on when and how to prepare land, what to grow, fertilizer utilization, and when to harvest were dominantly decided by men. Insufficient well among the users of drinking water impeded other activities because women stay long hours to access to drinking water. This calls for the designing of effective interventions to address the problems of quality water service provision.","PeriodicalId":31358,"journal":{"name":"ILIRIA International Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45494695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the absence of permanent utopian peace due to differences and certain interests emerging between states, disagreements between states are a frequent phenomenon that characterizes the international arena, so during the human history, there have been continuous efforts that have affirmed the resolution of disputes between states on a peaceful way. If so far, there are only two ways of resolving disputes: juristic and political measures, then the peaceful resolution of international disputes is a field that can be studied in several ways: in the juristic aspect of various acts of international character, respectively international conventions; in the diplomatic aspect of the practice of resolving different disagreements by peaceful means, as well as in economic terms, which implies the settlement of disputes that may arise between States from the competent WTO bodies, thus maintaining international peace and stability belongs to trade issues, which will be even more detailed study of our research.
{"title":"Building Sustainable Peace in International Relations - Dispute Settlement in WTO","authors":"Dr.Sc. Xhemail Çupi, Dr.Sc. Fisnik Muça","doi":"10.21113/IIR.V9I1.481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21113/IIR.V9I1.481","url":null,"abstract":"In the absence of permanent utopian peace due to differences and certain interests emerging between states, disagreements between states are a frequent phenomenon that characterizes the international arena, so during the human history, there have been continuous efforts that have affirmed the resolution of disputes between states on a peaceful way. If so far, there are only two ways of resolving disputes: juristic and political measures, then the peaceful resolution of international disputes is a field that can be studied in several ways: in the juristic aspect of various acts of international character, respectively international conventions; in the diplomatic aspect of the practice of resolving different disagreements by peaceful means, as well as in economic terms, which implies the settlement of disputes that may arise between States from the competent WTO bodies, thus maintaining international peace and stability belongs to trade issues, which will be even more detailed study of our research.","PeriodicalId":31358,"journal":{"name":"ILIRIA International Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44246335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Victory monuments played a vital role in the life of individuals and the civilisation as a whole in ancient Greece. They were an embodied celebration and memorial, both of a specific triumph and of military conflict as such, keeping alive the memory of past actions that would otherwise be forgotten. They carried a message of success both for the present era and for future generations, who thus found a focus in which to admire and honour the courage of their ancestors. The Greeks believed that just as the gods directed and influenced individual human lives, they also decided on the outcomes of conflicts and they therefore considered it their duty to give thanks to them. At first, they gave thanks immediately after a battle by erecting a tropaion on the battlefield, which from the time of the Greek-Persian Wars began to be built from more durable materials. A further gesture was made later by dedicating other weapons captured from the enemy to the gods either at a Pan-Hellenic sanctuary such as Delphi, Olympia or Isthmia, or at a local temple. This was an established custom that was supposed to ensure the support and favour of the gods in subsequent conflicts. Another custom was that a certain period after the end of a war, permanent monuments would be erected by the winning side away from the battlefield and dedicated to a specific god – either within the structure of the victorious polis or at a sanctuary.
{"title":"Marking the Victory in Ancient Greece: some Remarks on Classical Trophy Monuments","authors":"Sc. Lucia Nováková, Dr.Sc. Romana Šályová","doi":"10.21113/IIR.V9I1.484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21113/IIR.V9I1.484","url":null,"abstract":"Victory monuments played a vital role in the life of individuals and the civilisation as a whole in ancient Greece. They were an embodied celebration and memorial, both of a specific triumph and of military conflict as such, keeping alive the memory of past actions that would otherwise be forgotten. They carried a message of success both for the present era and for future generations, who thus found a focus in which to admire and honour the courage of their ancestors. The Greeks believed that just as the gods directed and influenced individual human lives, they also decided on the outcomes of conflicts and they therefore considered it their duty to give thanks to them. At first, they gave thanks immediately after a battle by erecting a tropaion on the battlefield, which from the time of the Greek-Persian Wars began to be built from more durable materials. A further gesture was made later by dedicating other weapons captured from the enemy to the gods either at a Pan-Hellenic sanctuary such as Delphi, Olympia or Isthmia, or at a local temple. This was an established custom that was supposed to ensure the support and favour of the gods in subsequent conflicts. Another custom was that a certain period after the end of a war, permanent monuments would be erected by the winning side away from the battlefield and dedicated to a specific god – either within the structure of the victorious polis or at a sanctuary.","PeriodicalId":31358,"journal":{"name":"ILIRIA International Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46654284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As an egoistic nature, the human being finds it difficult to be relative to others and absolute to himself, while he is inclined to believe that others should be relative to him. The moment we want to make a step in our life, perhaps at an early age, we face another idea, desire or belief. It is this period which proves that our beliefs are personal creations that take life when we allow ourselves to engage in the broader social circle. The individual is unable to accomplish himself if he does not become part of the nucleus to which he belongs, where he also gets the energies needed in adapting his ego to the universal one, which is the world itself. This paper provides in-depth analysis of what moral is in the ethical relativism: different for every human being, depending on the view point of the person affected and the conditions a person is placed in. None the less, all of these are also affected by the society, a person is born and raised in, being it the ruling norm in the family, the social interactions, traditions and customs executed, which determine the concept of moral actions to everyone.
{"title":"Ethical Relativism and Morality","authors":"Dr.Sc. Demush Bajrami, MSc. Blerina Demiri","doi":"10.21113/IIR.V9I1.486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21113/IIR.V9I1.486","url":null,"abstract":"As an egoistic nature, the human being finds it difficult to be relative to others and absolute to himself, while he is inclined to believe that others should be relative to him. The moment we want to make a step in our life, perhaps at an early age, we face another idea, desire or belief. It is this period which proves that our beliefs are personal creations that take life when we allow ourselves to engage in the broader social circle. The individual is unable to accomplish himself if he does not become part of the nucleus to which he belongs, where he also gets the energies needed in adapting his ego to the universal one, which is the world itself. This paper provides in-depth analysis of what moral is in the ethical relativism: different for every human being, depending on the view point of the person affected and the conditions a person is placed in. None the less, all of these are also affected by the society, a person is born and raised in, being it the ruling norm in the family, the social interactions, traditions and customs executed, which determine the concept of moral actions to everyone.","PeriodicalId":31358,"journal":{"name":"ILIRIA International Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43304719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays, elements of privatisation and free-market orientation can be seen in almost every economy in the world. In Central and Eastern Europe after the collapse of the socialist system in 1989-1990, the privatisation has been seen as the panacea for economic problems. The most important economic goals of post-communist privatisation have been the improvement of corporate governance. Kosova was an autonomous province in the former Yugoslavia which had a centralized economic system. In 1999 Kosova became a separate territory under United Nations administration, and, in 2008, it declared independence. Additionally, starting from mid-2002 the legal framework of the privatisation process in Kosova has been prepared by UNMIK and the process was exercised by the Kosova Trust Agency. This Trust aimed to preserve or enhance the value, viability, and corporate governance of socially owned and public enterprises in Kosova. The paper reviews the privatisation process in the Republic of Kosova from the very early start until today. The main goal of this paper is to investigate the effects of the privatisation process on the economy of Kosova. To achieve the set goal, we have used the integrative review method. The results show that the privatisation process did not yield positive results as expected. The process did not reduce the unemployment rate, which today is among the highest in the region. Also, it was characterized by many problems discussed in the paper. It is hoped that this study will provide a summary of the key points and will shed light on the effects of privatisation on the economy of Kosova. Moreover, it pinpoints the importance of SMEs for the country’s economic development since they represent the largest business sector in any world economy.
{"title":"An Overview of the Privatisation Process in Republic of Kosova","authors":"Dr.Sc. Albana Berisha Qehaja, Dr.Sc. Albulena Shala","doi":"10.21113/IIR.V9I1.478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21113/IIR.V9I1.478","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, elements of privatisation and free-market orientation can be seen in almost every economy in the world. In Central and Eastern Europe after the collapse of the socialist system in 1989-1990, the privatisation has been seen as the panacea for economic problems. The most important economic goals of post-communist privatisation have been the improvement of corporate governance. Kosova was an autonomous province in the former Yugoslavia which had a centralized economic system. In 1999 Kosova became a separate territory under United Nations administration, and, in 2008, it declared independence. Additionally, starting from mid-2002 the legal framework of the privatisation process in Kosova has been prepared by UNMIK and the process was exercised by the Kosova Trust Agency. This Trust aimed to preserve or enhance the value, viability, and corporate governance of socially owned and public enterprises in Kosova. The paper reviews the privatisation process in the Republic of Kosova from the very early start until today. The main goal of this paper is to investigate the effects of the privatisation process on the economy of Kosova. To achieve the set goal, we have used the integrative review method. The results show that the privatisation process did not yield positive results as expected. The process did not reduce the unemployment rate, which today is among the highest in the region. Also, it was characterized by many problems discussed in the paper. It is hoped that this study will provide a summary of the key points and will shed light on the effects of privatisation on the economy of Kosova. Moreover, it pinpoints the importance of SMEs for the country’s economic development since they represent the largest business sector in any world economy.","PeriodicalId":31358,"journal":{"name":"ILIRIA International Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44118147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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