The purpose of this paper is to define the dangerous goods classes and the lack of storage in Kosovo. The Pristine International Airport “Adem Jashari” (PIA) is the only airport that Kosovo has, and knowing that the number of flights in Kosovo is growing pushed me to analyze the current situation that is going on. The research method that is used in this paper covers an interview with professional people who are responsible for this issue. The research continued with empirical results from the questionnaire developed with a monkey survey covering 100 respondents. Further in the research paper, the author covers marking, labeling and the orientation of the packages that are used for dangerous goods during air transportation. In Kosovo, the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) is responsible to firstly identify if the goods meet the condition asked from these authorities or not. Therefore, in case of any individuals or airlines wants to transport goods via air, they should ask for permission from CAA and after that, they might proceed with further application procedures. In the last part, the author gives some recommendations resulting from the findings of this research.
{"title":"Lack of Storage Space for Dangerous Goods: Case Study of the Pristina International Airport \"Adem Jashari\"","authors":"MSc. Fife Kovaci Uruci","doi":"10.21113/IIR.V10I1.560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21113/IIR.V10I1.560","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to define the dangerous goods classes and the lack of storage in Kosovo. The Pristine International Airport “Adem Jashari” (PIA) is the only airport that Kosovo has, and knowing that the number of flights in Kosovo is growing pushed me to analyze the current situation that is going on. The research method that is used in this paper covers an interview with professional people who are responsible for this issue. The research continued with empirical results from the questionnaire developed with a monkey survey covering 100 respondents. Further in the research paper, the author covers marking, labeling and the orientation of the packages that are used for dangerous goods during air transportation. In Kosovo, the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) is responsible to firstly identify if the goods meet the condition asked from these authorities or not. Therefore, in case of any individuals or airlines wants to transport goods via air, they should ask for permission from CAA and after that, they might proceed with further application procedures. In the last part, the author gives some recommendations resulting from the findings of this research.","PeriodicalId":31358,"journal":{"name":"ILIRIA International Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46659911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reliability is a classical quality measurement criterion that checks stability, equivalence, internal consistency and absence of errors in the measurement instruments. Due to the need for accurate and reliable results for decision making, a lot of emphasis has been put on proper use of evaluative measurement criteria. Reliability as a criterion of evaluating measurement tools is the focus of this paper. The study aims at 1) finding out the extent to which reliability has been wrongly used; and 2) establishing how Likert type scale has been abused among postgraduates? Classical test theory guided the study to answer the research questions. Descriptive research design was adopted to direct in collection and analysis of data. The study population is theses authored by postgraduate candidates for the years 2018, 2017 and 2016 in Catholic university of Eastern Africa, Gaba Campus. Out of 126 theses filed at the university library, 40 were sampled for the study using the 30% rule. The researchers reviewed literature on research from Loreto library and e-libraries using search engines. Data was collected using review of the sampled theses guided by structured tools developed from the research questions. Collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Study findings revealed that most of the theses (45%) adopted Test-retest, followed by Cronbach (42.4%) as reliability test tests. Test-retest users confused right techniques and coefficients to determine and interpret as stability of measurement instrument. Cronbach was largely pinned at 0.7 alpha without proper interpretation of levels of internal consistency. The third most favored techniques was Split half (10%).
{"title":"Use and abuse of reliability in research: An analysis of postgraduate theses at Catholic University of Eastern Africa, Kenya","authors":"Dr.Sc. Francis Omillo Okumu","doi":"10.21113/IIR.V10I1.567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21113/IIR.V10I1.567","url":null,"abstract":"Reliability is a classical quality measurement criterion that checks stability, equivalence, internal consistency and absence of errors in the measurement instruments. Due to the need for accurate and reliable results for decision making, a lot of emphasis has been put on proper use of evaluative measurement criteria. Reliability as a criterion of evaluating measurement tools is the focus of this paper. The study aims at 1) finding out the extent to which reliability has been wrongly used; and 2) establishing how Likert type scale has been abused among postgraduates? Classical test theory guided the study to answer the research questions. Descriptive research design was adopted to direct in collection and analysis of data. The study population is theses authored by postgraduate candidates for the years 2018, 2017 and 2016 in Catholic university of Eastern Africa, Gaba Campus. Out of 126 theses filed at the university library, 40 were sampled for the study using the 30% rule. The researchers reviewed literature on research from Loreto library and e-libraries using search engines. Data was collected using review of the sampled theses guided by structured tools developed from the research questions. Collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Study findings revealed that most of the theses (45%) adopted Test-retest, followed by Cronbach (42.4%) as reliability test tests. Test-retest users confused right techniques and coefficients to determine and interpret as stability of measurement instrument. Cronbach was largely pinned at 0.7 alpha without proper interpretation of levels of internal consistency. The third most favored techniques was Split half (10%).","PeriodicalId":31358,"journal":{"name":"ILIRIA International Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46690982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, the author explains historical facts as well as legal and political concepts and terminology in defining "Bosnian nation" and "Bosnian state", with the aim of helping to find a solution for the establishment and normal functioning of the state of Bosnia as a UN member and subject of international law. Today's so-called Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina is a product of the imposed will of major international powers and unprincipled "attitudes" of the international community, and as such it represents a "sui generis state", established in violation of democratic practices and applicable international norms. In the paper we apply a comparison between Freud's psychoanalytic observation of the development of the individual, on the one hand, and the socio-historical development of the collectivity - of the people / ethnos and nation, on the other. The paper cites the opinions of relevant authors, citing the case of the former Yugoslavia and USA, and points to certain dilemmas in the application of two possible principles in establishing modern states - national and civil. In applying either of these two principles, it is important to (re)define the Bosniak national name and eliminate the dilemma: „Bosniaks“ or „Bosnians“ to look at the two names in the context of the three existing Bosnian-Hercegovinian peoples – Bosniaks, Serbs, and Croats.
{"title":"Bosnia Must be a Civil State","authors":"Dr.sc. Harun Hadzic","doi":"10.21113/IIR.V10I1.565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21113/IIR.V10I1.565","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the author explains historical facts as well as legal and political concepts and terminology in defining \"Bosnian nation\" and \"Bosnian state\", with the aim of helping to find a solution for the establishment and normal functioning of the state of Bosnia as a UN member and subject of international law. Today's so-called Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina is a product of the imposed will of major international powers and unprincipled \"attitudes\" of the international community, and as such it represents a \"sui generis state\", established in violation of democratic practices and applicable international norms. In the paper we apply a comparison between Freud's psychoanalytic observation of the development of the individual, on the one hand, and the socio-historical development of the collectivity - of the people / ethnos and nation, on the other. The paper cites the opinions of relevant authors, citing the case of the former Yugoslavia and USA, and points to certain dilemmas in the application of two possible principles in establishing modern states - national and civil. In applying either of these two principles, it is important to (re)define the Bosniak national name and eliminate the dilemma: „Bosniaks“ or „Bosnians“ to look at the two names in the context of the three existing Bosnian-Hercegovinian peoples – Bosniaks, Serbs, and Croats.","PeriodicalId":31358,"journal":{"name":"ILIRIA International Review","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41528008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examines the relationships between exchange rates, foreign investments and inflation rate in Turkey using monthly data from 2008-2018. The vector autoregression (VAR) model is used to examine whether these three variables are correlated to each other. VAR results showed that Exchange Rates (ER) have a moderated impact on Foreign Investments (FI), where a percentage increase in Exchange Rates (ER) accounts for an increase of 27,58% on Foreign Investments (FI). Exchange Rates (ER) have a significant impact on Inflation Rates (IR), where a percentage increase in Exchange Rates (ER) is associated with an increase of 77,02% on Inflation Rate (IR). Pairwise Granger Causality test results’ showed that Inflation Rate (IR) does not cause Foreign Investments (FI) and Foreign Investments (FI) does not cause Inflation Rate (IR); Exchange Rate (ER) does not cause Foreign Investments but Foreign Investments (FI) cause Exchange Rate (ER); Exchange Rates (ER) does not cause Inflation Rate (IR) and Inflation Rate (IR) does not cause Exchange Rates (ER).The result of impulse function shows that Foreign Investments (FI) and Inflation Rate (IR) responded positively to Exchange Rates (ER) in earlier periods and negatively in late periods.
{"title":"Examining the Causal Relationship between Exchange Rates, Foreign Investments and Inflation Rate: The Case of Turkey using data from January 2008 to December 2018","authors":"Kujtim Hameli, Yağmur Rençber","doi":"10.21113/IIR.V10I1.559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21113/IIR.V10I1.559","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the relationships between exchange rates, foreign investments and inflation rate in Turkey using monthly data from 2008-2018. The vector autoregression (VAR) model is used to examine whether these three variables are correlated to each other. VAR results showed that Exchange Rates (ER) have a moderated impact on Foreign Investments (FI), where a percentage increase in Exchange Rates (ER) accounts for an increase of 27,58% on Foreign Investments (FI). Exchange Rates (ER) have a significant impact on Inflation Rates (IR), where a percentage increase in Exchange Rates (ER) is associated with an increase of 77,02% on Inflation Rate (IR). Pairwise Granger Causality test results’ showed that Inflation Rate (IR) does not cause Foreign Investments (FI) and Foreign Investments (FI) does not cause Inflation Rate (IR); Exchange Rate (ER) does not cause Foreign Investments but Foreign Investments (FI) cause Exchange Rate (ER); Exchange Rates (ER) does not cause Inflation Rate (IR) and Inflation Rate (IR) does not cause Exchange Rates (ER).The result of impulse function shows that Foreign Investments (FI) and Inflation Rate (IR) responded positively to Exchange Rates (ER) in earlier periods and negatively in late periods.","PeriodicalId":31358,"journal":{"name":"ILIRIA International Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47730237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper will chronologically link the start of doing business in the Republic of Kosovo and not only, with the current developments in this important sector of society and business barriers, as well as the various challenges presented to the market, how much is replacing the application of doing business through the use of information technology. The question is whether Kosovo has human, infrastructural capacities for the development of the electronic market, as a modern form of doing business, and how much serious effort and at the same time important contributions it makes to public and private engagement, to create an incentive environment and incentives for sustainable and competitive business in the Republic of Kosovo, always alluding to the electronic market as an opportunity for the future of doing business. The main purpose of this paper is to identify the opportunities that businesses have to influence economic development in the Republic of Kosovo, through their ability to generate new jobs, increase exports, and contribute to improving the living standards of the citizens of the Republic of Kosovo, using the electronic market as a contemporary and competitive form in business development. In order to realize such an environment, of course, we must consider two main issues, one to recognize and identify the problems that business has and another issue, how much human and material capacity Kosovo has, to provide a favorable environment of doing business through the electronic marketplace.
{"title":"The impact of the electronic market on the development of businesses in Kosovo","authors":"Dr.Sc. Hysni Terziu","doi":"10.21113/IIR.V10I1.557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21113/IIR.V10I1.557","url":null,"abstract":"This paper will chronologically link the start of doing business in the Republic of Kosovo and not only, with the current developments in this important sector of society and business barriers, as well as the various challenges presented to the market, how much is replacing the application of doing business through the use of information technology. The question is whether Kosovo has human, infrastructural capacities for the development of the electronic market, as a modern form of doing business, and how much serious effort and at the same time important contributions it makes to public and private engagement, to create an incentive environment and incentives for sustainable and competitive business in the Republic of Kosovo, always alluding to the electronic market as an opportunity for the future of doing business. The main purpose of this paper is to identify the opportunities that businesses have to influence economic development in the Republic of Kosovo, through their ability to generate new jobs, increase exports, and contribute to improving the living standards of the citizens of the Republic of Kosovo, using the electronic market as a contemporary and competitive form in business development. In order to realize such an environment, of course, we must consider two main issues, one to recognize and identify the problems that business has and another issue, how much human and material capacity Kosovo has, to provide a favorable environment of doing business through the electronic marketplace.","PeriodicalId":31358,"journal":{"name":"ILIRIA International Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43689863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Student centeredness and the related terms - student centered classroom and student centered learning are very commonly used nowadays. The aim of this paper is to examine how university professors understand the concept of student centeredness, if and how they apply it in their everyday teaching situations and to what extent it is really present in today’s university classrooms. The assumption is that apart from language teachers at South East European University (SEEU) in North Macedonia, university professors of content subjects, such as economy, law, and other professionally related courses, do not fully implement student centered learning. They do not seem to be familiar with the scientific background of the concept and the ways to achieve it. The methodology includes class observations of hundred and sixty eight (168) university professors from the five Faculties and the Language Centre at SEEU, conducted during two academic years and interviews with twelve (12) professor. The teaching observation process is one of the instruments for quality assurance (QA) operated at SEEU. Recommendations based on findings are expected to be useful for all teaching staff at university level, as well as for policy makers in the country and the region because of the similarities of their educational programs.
{"title":"Student Centered Classroom: a Myth or Reality?","authors":"Dr.Sc. Veronika Kareva","doi":"10.21113/IIR.V10I1.553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21113/IIR.V10I1.553","url":null,"abstract":"Student centeredness and the related terms - student centered classroom and student centered learning are very commonly used nowadays. The aim of this paper is to examine how university professors understand the concept of student centeredness, if and how they apply it in their everyday teaching situations and to what extent it is really present in today’s university classrooms. The assumption is that apart from language teachers at South East European University (SEEU) in North Macedonia, university professors of content subjects, such as economy, law, and other professionally related courses, do not fully implement student centered learning. They do not seem to be familiar with the scientific background of the concept and the ways to achieve it. The methodology includes class observations of hundred and sixty eight (168) university professors from the five Faculties and the Language Centre at SEEU, conducted during two academic years and interviews with twelve (12) professor. The teaching observation process is one of the instruments for quality assurance (QA) operated at SEEU. Recommendations based on findings are expected to be useful for all teaching staff at university level, as well as for policy makers in the country and the region because of the similarities of their educational programs.","PeriodicalId":31358,"journal":{"name":"ILIRIA International Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49658710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) comprises of economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic responsibilities. However, these aspects of CSR may have significant influence over each other. The rest of the aspects of CSR may influence specifically the most critical aspect of CSR, economic responsibilities. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of philanthropic, ethical, and legal responsibilities on economic responsibilities of banks. In total 250 customers of different banks in sylhet district were surveyed for the study. Multiple linear regression method in SPSS was used to analyze the data. Among the non-economic dimensions of CSR, the ethical and philanthropic responsibilities found to be significant influencer of economic responsibilities of CSR. On the other hand, the legal responsibilities was concluded as an insignificant influencer of economic responsibilities. More precisely, one percent increase in ethical responsibility will increase the economic responsibility by 50 percent and alike one percent development in philanthropic responsibility will increase the economic responsibility by 20 percent.
{"title":"Influences of Non-economic Responsibilities on Economic Responsibilities: A study on Consumers of Banking Industry in Sylhet","authors":"Dr.Sc. Wahiduzzaman Khan, S. Khan","doi":"10.21113/IIR.V10I1.549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21113/IIR.V10I1.549","url":null,"abstract":"Corporate social responsibility (CSR) comprises of economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic responsibilities. However, these aspects of CSR may have significant influence over each other. The rest of the aspects of CSR may influence specifically the most critical aspect of CSR, economic responsibilities. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of philanthropic, ethical, and legal responsibilities on economic responsibilities of banks. In total 250 customers of different banks in sylhet district were surveyed for the study. Multiple linear regression method in SPSS was used to analyze the data. Among the non-economic dimensions of CSR, the ethical and philanthropic responsibilities found to be significant influencer of economic responsibilities of CSR. On the other hand, the legal responsibilities was concluded as an insignificant influencer of economic responsibilities. More precisely, one percent increase in ethical responsibility will increase the economic responsibility by 50 percent and alike one percent development in philanthropic responsibility will increase the economic responsibility by 20 percent.","PeriodicalId":31358,"journal":{"name":"ILIRIA International Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45335527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There are numbers of different performance measurement systems, all designed in order to enhance the organizational performance. Many companies show interest and attempt to implement a system for measuring organizational perfor-mance, but not many of them are successful in it. One of the key problems that companies face after creation of the system for measuring organization performance is its implementation. During the implementation, companies face with different problems and barriers. The main goal of this paper is to research the main challenges that companies face in the phase of the implementation of a system for measuring organizational performance in the food industry in the Republic of Macedonia. The paper first reviews the challenges for successful implementation of performance measurement systems that are emphasized in the literature, and after that proceeds with analysis of the main challenges regarding the implementation that companies from the food industry in the Republic of Macedonia are facing based on a perception of the employee. The overall survey findings show that the greatest challen-ge when implement a performance measurement model is the proper selection of the right KPI and providing real data.
{"title":"Challenges for successful implementation of Performance measurement system – case study food industry in the Republic of Macedonia","authors":"Dr.Sc. Marija Midovska Petkoska, Dr.Sc. Milena Boshkoska Klisaroski, Dr.Sc. Gjorgji Mancheski","doi":"10.21113/IIR.V10I1.555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21113/IIR.V10I1.555","url":null,"abstract":"There are numbers of different performance measurement systems, all designed in order to enhance the organizational performance. Many companies show interest and attempt to implement a system for measuring organizational perfor-mance, but not many of them are successful in it. One of the key problems that companies face after creation of the system for measuring organization performance is its implementation. During the implementation, companies face with different problems and barriers. The main goal of this paper is to research the main challenges that companies face in the phase of the implementation of a system for measuring organizational performance in the food industry in the Republic of Macedonia. The paper first reviews the challenges for successful implementation of performance measurement systems that are emphasized in the literature, and after that proceeds with analysis of the main challenges regarding the implementation that companies from the food industry in the Republic of Macedonia are facing based on a perception of the employee. The overall survey findings show that the greatest challen-ge when implement a performance measurement model is the proper selection of the right KPI and providing real data.","PeriodicalId":31358,"journal":{"name":"ILIRIA International Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44444684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rents from the extractive sector usually generate income and facilitate the development of States. However, the reverse is true as some countries sanctified with extractive natural resources are often inundated with poverty, low economic growth and conflicts. This has been triggered by the nonexistence of transparency in the management of natural resource wealth by governments. It is because of these setbacks that the Extractive Industry Transparency Initiative (EITI) was created with the intentions of ensuring transparency among member States. Cameroon’s membership and quest for transparency and compliance to EITI Rules between 2005 and 2015 was not an easy ride as it faced some hurdles. Though accepted as Candidate Country in 2007, her inability to institute transparency in the sector made it impossible for her to attain Compliance Status, three years after, as stipulated by EITI regulations. She was again retained as Candidate in 2013 and the satisfactory implementation of EITI Rules between 2013 and 2015 elevated her to the position of Compliant Country even though some adjustments were postulated by EITI. It is hoped that the pitfalls recorded by Cameroon in the EITI processes can serve as lessons to aspiring candidates in the search for compliance within EITI. Besides, efforts made by Cameroon through the EITI processes can also be adopted or extended to other sectors of the economy in order to boost transparency which is perilous in the country.
{"title":"Extractive Industry Transparency Initiative: Locomotive for Transparency in the Cameroon Extractive Industry, 2005-2015","authors":"Dr.Sc. Protus Mbeum Tem","doi":"10.21113/IIR.V10I1.556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21113/IIR.V10I1.556","url":null,"abstract":"Rents from the extractive sector usually generate income and facilitate the development of States. However, the reverse is true as some countries sanctified with extractive natural resources are often inundated with poverty, low economic growth and conflicts. This has been triggered by the nonexistence of transparency in the management of natural resource wealth by governments. It is because of these setbacks that the Extractive Industry Transparency Initiative (EITI) was created with the intentions of ensuring transparency among member States. Cameroon’s membership and quest for transparency and compliance to EITI Rules between 2005 and 2015 was not an easy ride as it faced some hurdles. Though accepted as Candidate Country in 2007, her inability to institute transparency in the sector made it impossible for her to attain Compliance Status, three years after, as stipulated by EITI regulations. She was again retained as Candidate in 2013 and the satisfactory implementation of EITI Rules between 2013 and 2015 elevated her to the position of Compliant Country even though some adjustments were postulated by EITI. It is hoped that the pitfalls recorded by Cameroon in the EITI processes can serve as lessons to aspiring candidates in the search for compliance within EITI. Besides, efforts made by Cameroon through the EITI processes can also be adopted or extended to other sectors of the economy in order to boost transparency which is perilous in the country.","PeriodicalId":31358,"journal":{"name":"ILIRIA International Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45392201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of the paper is to identify the impact of trade deficit of the economy on liquidity crisis of banks and develop the model of foreign currency bond to solve the problem in the banking industry of Bangladesh. From the data of 20 years, statistically significant negative correlation (-0.946) has been found between trade deficitof the economy and demand deposit of banks. Hence, simple linear regression has been applied to assess the impact of trade deficit on demand deposit of banks. Besides, a model of foreign currency bond in association with central bank and commercial banks has been proposed to solve the problem of liquidity crisis resulting from trade deficit. The period studied in this paper is 20 years out of available data of 25 years (1993-2018) omitting the data of 5 years due to outliers in value and unavailability of data just after Liberation War 1971. Besides, only trade deficit has been taken into consideration as determinant of liquidity crisis ignoring other factors as non-performing loan and statutory liquidity reserve however only trade deficit demonstrates 89.5 percent of the variation in the demand deposit of banks under this study.The paper is significant for the banking industry as it faces the problem of liquidity crisis frequently where the proposed model will generate fund for the commercial banks to solve the problem.
{"title":"Foreign Currency Bond as Solution to Trade Deficit Induced Liquidity Crisis in Banks: Evidence from Bangladesh","authors":"Mba. Mohammad Saiful Islam","doi":"10.21113/IIR.V10I1.558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21113/IIR.V10I1.558","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the paper is to identify the impact of trade deficit of the economy on liquidity crisis of banks and develop the model of foreign currency bond to solve the problem in the banking industry of Bangladesh. From the data of 20 years, statistically significant negative correlation (-0.946) has been found between trade deficitof the economy and demand deposit of banks. Hence, simple linear regression has been applied to assess the impact of trade deficit on demand deposit of banks. Besides, a model of foreign currency bond in association with central bank and commercial banks has been proposed to solve the problem of liquidity crisis resulting from trade deficit. The period studied in this paper is 20 years out of available data of 25 years (1993-2018) omitting the data of 5 years due to outliers in value and unavailability of data just after Liberation War 1971. Besides, only trade deficit has been taken into consideration as determinant of liquidity crisis ignoring other factors as non-performing loan and statutory liquidity reserve however only trade deficit demonstrates 89.5 percent of the variation in the demand deposit of banks under this study.The paper is significant for the banking industry as it faces the problem of liquidity crisis frequently where the proposed model will generate fund for the commercial banks to solve the problem.","PeriodicalId":31358,"journal":{"name":"ILIRIA International Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43402996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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