Pub Date : 2022-10-27DOI: 10.26334/2183-9077/rapln9ano2022mr5
Cristina Martins, Fátima Silva, Jorge Pinto
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{"title":"O que ainda não sabemos e precisávamos de saber para o ensino de Português Língua Não Materna","authors":"Cristina Martins, Fátima Silva, Jorge Pinto","doi":"10.26334/2183-9077/rapln9ano2022mr5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26334/2183-9077/rapln9ano2022mr5","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>h</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":313789,"journal":{"name":"Revista da Associação Portuguesa de Linguística","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134132334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-25DOI: 10.26334/2183-9077/rapln9ano2022a13
M. Moita, Maria Lobo
In the period in which language should be acquired, auditory input deprivation compromises oral language exposure. The literature reports difficulties in the oral comprehension of syntactic dependencies resulting from A’ movement, but no difficulties in the acquisition of syntactic structures with A-movement in hearing-impaired children with hearing aids. Our study investigates the effects of the total deprivation of linguistic input during the first year(s) of life (critical period of language acquisition) and length of language exposure on the comprehension of dependencies with A and A-bar movement (Wh- questions, relative clauses, and passives) in 47 Portuguese hearing-impaired children with cochlear implants. The results reveal that CI activation before age 3 combined with at least 6 years of language exposure determines comprehension of Wh- questions and relatives at the same level as the control group. The same does not happen with the comprehension of passives, that remain problematic in this population even after prolonged exposure. We discuss these findings in light of theoretical proposals that attribute the acquisition of passives to maturational constraints.
{"title":"Compreensão de estruturas sintáticas com movimento A’ e com movimento A em crianças portuguesas surdas com implante coclear: efeitos da idade de início de exposição ao input linguístico e do tempo de exposição à língua","authors":"M. Moita, Maria Lobo","doi":"10.26334/2183-9077/rapln9ano2022a13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26334/2183-9077/rapln9ano2022a13","url":null,"abstract":"In the period in which language should be acquired, auditory input deprivation compromises oral language exposure. The literature reports difficulties in the oral comprehension of syntactic dependencies resulting from A’ movement, but no difficulties in the acquisition of syntactic structures with A-movement in hearing-impaired children with hearing aids. Our study investigates the effects of the total deprivation of linguistic input during the first year(s) of life (critical period of language acquisition) and length of language exposure on the comprehension of dependencies with A and A-bar movement (Wh- questions, relative clauses, and passives) in 47 Portuguese hearing-impaired children with cochlear implants. The results reveal that CI activation before age 3 combined with at least 6 years of language exposure determines comprehension of Wh- questions and relatives at the same level as the control group. The same does not happen with the comprehension of passives, that remain problematic in this population even after prolonged exposure. We discuss these findings in light of theoretical proposals that attribute the acquisition of passives to maturational constraints.","PeriodicalId":313789,"journal":{"name":"Revista da Associação Portuguesa de Linguística","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115821098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-25DOI: 10.26334/2183-9077/rapln9ano2022a12
M. Menezes, Vera Cabarrão, Helena Moniz, Pedro Mota
The following article describes the research developed at Unbabel, a Portuguese Machine-Translation start-up, that combines Machine Translation (MT) with human post-edition with a focus on customer service content. With the work carried out within a real multilingual AI powered, human-refined, MT industry, we aim to contribute to furthering MT quality and good-practices, by exposing the importance of having continuously in development, robust Named Entity Recognition systems for General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) compliance. We will report three different experiments, resulting from a shared work with Unbabel´s linguists and Unbabel´s Artificial Intelligence (AI) engineering team, matured over a year. The first experiment focused on developing a methodology for the identification and annotation of domain-specific Named Entities (NEs) for the Food-Industry. The devised methodology allows the construction of gold standards for building domain specific NER systems and can be applied for a myriad of different domains. With the implementation of the designed method, we were able to identify the following domain-specific NEs set: Restaurant Names; Restaurant Chains; Dishes; Beverage, Ingredients. The second and third experiments explored the possibilities of constructing, in a semi-automatically way, multilingual NER gold standards for different domains and language pairs, using aligners that project Named Entities across a parallel corpus. Both experiments made it possible to benchmark four different open-source aligners (SimAlign; Fastalign; AwesomeAlign; Eflomal), allowing to identify the one with better performance and, simultaneously, validate the aforementioned approach. This work should be taken as a statement of multidisciplinary, proving and validating the much-needed articulation between different scientific fields that compose and characterize the area of Natural Language Processing (NLP).
{"title":"Reconhecimento Automático Multilingue de Entidades Mencionadas em Diversos Domínios, para Efeitos de Anonimização de Tradução Automática","authors":"M. Menezes, Vera Cabarrão, Helena Moniz, Pedro Mota","doi":"10.26334/2183-9077/rapln9ano2022a12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26334/2183-9077/rapln9ano2022a12","url":null,"abstract":"The following article describes the research developed at Unbabel, a Portuguese Machine-Translation start-up, that combines Machine Translation (MT) with human post-edition with a focus on customer service content. With the work carried out within a real multilingual AI powered, human-refined, MT industry, we aim to contribute to furthering MT quality and good-practices, by exposing the importance of having continuously in development, robust Named Entity Recognition systems for General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) compliance. We will report three different experiments, resulting from a shared work with Unbabel´s linguists and Unbabel´s Artificial Intelligence (AI) engineering team, matured over a year. The first experiment focused on developing a methodology for the identification and annotation of domain-specific Named Entities (NEs) for the Food-Industry. The devised methodology allows the construction of gold standards for building domain specific NER systems and can be applied for a myriad of different domains. With the implementation of the designed method, we were able to identify the following domain-specific NEs set: Restaurant Names; Restaurant Chains; Dishes; Beverage, Ingredients. The second and third experiments explored the possibilities of constructing, in a semi-automatically way, multilingual NER gold standards for different domains and language pairs, using aligners that project Named Entities across a parallel corpus. Both experiments made it possible to benchmark four different open-source aligners (SimAlign; Fastalign; AwesomeAlign; Eflomal), allowing to identify the one with better performance and, simultaneously, validate the aforementioned approach. This work should be taken as a statement of multidisciplinary, proving and validating the much-needed articulation between different scientific fields that compose and characterize the area of Natural Language Processing (NLP).","PeriodicalId":313789,"journal":{"name":"Revista da Associação Portuguesa de Linguística","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121162555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-25DOI: 10.26334/2183-9077/rapln9ano2022mr3
Maria Lobo, Ana Lúcia Padrão dos Santos
This paper establishes a broad state-of-the-art of the research on the acquisition of the syntax of European Portuguese. It identifies broad questions that are subject to debate, the main topics and lines of research that have been pursued in the last decades, available resources, and new paths that can be developed.
{"title":"Aquisição da sintaxe do português europeu como língua materna: ponto da situação","authors":"Maria Lobo, Ana Lúcia Padrão dos Santos","doi":"10.26334/2183-9077/rapln9ano2022mr3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26334/2183-9077/rapln9ano2022mr3","url":null,"abstract":"This paper establishes a broad state-of-the-art of the research on the acquisition of the syntax of European Portuguese. It identifies broad questions that are subject to debate, the main topics and lines of research that have been pursued in the last decades, available resources, and new paths that can be developed. ","PeriodicalId":313789,"journal":{"name":"Revista da Associação Portuguesa de Linguística","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131040509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-25DOI: 10.26334/2183-9077/rapln9ano2022a9
I. Gil
In this article we analyse the enunciative-pragmatic and rhetorical strategies that globally shape discourses in the context of a polemical discursive event, drawing on Amossy’s (2014) definition of polemics. From a corpus consisting of transcripts of debates in the Assembly of the Republic and press texts between 2018 and 2021, we approach, from an argumentative, rhetorical and pragmatic-discursive perspective, the global configuration of discourses that have euthanasia as their object. Euthanasia emerges as a source of polemic in the context of the discussion of several bills aimed at its legalization in parliament. In a particularly agonistic context raised from the outset by the topic at the core of the debate, one of the objectives of this analysis cannot but analyse the referentiation of the way concept of “euthanasia”: the various ways of referencing are one of the rhetorical-argumentative and discursive strategies that comes to the fore, given the role of implicitations, beliefs and common knowledge in the addressee’s response. The referentiation of the discursive object 'euthanasia' is therefore of particular interest, since it mirrors an axiological hierarchy of values, encyclopedic knowledge, doxal voices supporting different ideological positions, particularly in an agonal discourse around eventual decisions with (bio)ethical, religious and sociological implications. For the analysis of the referentiation of 'euthanasia' and other terms associated with it, revealing different positions and points of view, we rely on studies by Angenot (2014), Sitri (2003, 2004), Mondada (2002), amongst others. Closely connected with the conceptualization of “euthanasia”, one finds discursive traces of pathemization contributing to the ultimate purpose of the speakers' macro-illocutionary act. Since nowadays it is widely accepted that discourse has an emotional (or pathemic, according to Charaudeau) aspect, our objective is also to observe how emotions are interwoven — and justified — in the thread of discourses. Given the controversial nature of the topic under discussion, we found that the discourse(s) are the target of a process of pathemization and spectacularization (Charaudeau, 2000, 2005). The appeal to emotions, in particular to pity / compassion, is imbricated in the logos, in such a way that the dimension of pathos is intended to be validated and justified (Micheli, 2008, 2010). On the other hand, the "good reasons" (Plantin, 2011) at the base of the pathemic dimension of the discourse are indelibly linked to the construction of an ethos favorable to the Speaker and the capture of the addressee and a vast group auditorium. In the wake of Kerbrat-Orecchioni (1980), we are interested in analyzing the marks of polemicity that translate into enunciative-pragmatic strategies summoned as a support for the argumentative activity. We thus resume some aspects in the analysis of polemics already addressed in Gil (2013, 2017, 2021).
{"title":"Polémica: do posicionamento à referenciação, passando pelas emoções","authors":"I. Gil","doi":"10.26334/2183-9077/rapln9ano2022a9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26334/2183-9077/rapln9ano2022a9","url":null,"abstract":"In this article we analyse the enunciative-pragmatic and rhetorical strategies that globally shape discourses in the context of a polemical discursive event, drawing on Amossy’s (2014) definition of polemics. From a corpus consisting of transcripts of debates in the Assembly of the Republic and press texts between 2018 and 2021, we approach, from an argumentative, rhetorical and pragmatic-discursive perspective, the global configuration of discourses that have euthanasia as their object. Euthanasia emerges as a source of polemic in the context of the discussion of several bills aimed at its legalization in parliament. \u0000In a particularly agonistic context raised from the outset by the topic at the core of the debate, one of the objectives of this analysis cannot but analyse the referentiation of the way concept of “euthanasia”: the various ways of referencing are one of the rhetorical-argumentative and discursive strategies that comes to the fore, given the role of implicitations, beliefs and common knowledge in the addressee’s response. \u0000The referentiation of the discursive object 'euthanasia' is therefore of particular interest, since it mirrors an axiological hierarchy of values, encyclopedic knowledge, doxal voices supporting different ideological positions, particularly in an agonal discourse around eventual decisions with (bio)ethical, religious and sociological implications. For the analysis of the referentiation of 'euthanasia' and other terms associated with it, revealing different positions and points of view, we rely on studies by Angenot (2014), Sitri (2003, 2004), Mondada (2002), amongst others. \u0000Closely connected with the conceptualization of “euthanasia”, one finds discursive traces of pathemization contributing to the ultimate purpose of the speakers' macro-illocutionary act. Since nowadays it is widely accepted that discourse has an emotional (or pathemic, according to Charaudeau) aspect, our objective is also to observe how emotions are interwoven — and justified — in the thread of discourses. \u0000Given the controversial nature of the topic under discussion, we found that the discourse(s) are the target of a process of pathemization and spectacularization (Charaudeau, 2000, 2005). The appeal to emotions, in particular to pity / compassion, is imbricated in the logos, in such a way that the dimension of pathos is intended to be validated and justified (Micheli, 2008, 2010). On the other hand, the \"good reasons\" (Plantin, 2011) at the base of the pathemic dimension of the discourse are indelibly linked to the construction of an ethos favorable to the Speaker and the capture of the addressee and a vast group auditorium. \u0000In the wake of Kerbrat-Orecchioni (1980), we are interested in analyzing the marks of polemicity that translate into enunciative-pragmatic strategies summoned as a support for the argumentative activity. \u0000We thus resume some aspects in the analysis of polemics already addressed in Gil (2013, 2017, 2021).","PeriodicalId":313789,"journal":{"name":"Revista da Associação Portuguesa de Linguística","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129528687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-25DOI: 10.26334/2183-9077/rapln9ano2022mr2
Cristina Flores, L. Almeida
This article presents a brief discussion of the key questions which were in the focus of interest in research on bilingualism in the last five decades, particularly in the field of bilingual language acquisition. We highlight how the initially negative view of bilingualism has changed based on scientific evidence. The overview starts with a discussion of some of the paths already taken in research on bilingualism, with a focus on the major findings concerning bilingual language development and the consequences of these findings for current views of bilingualism. The discussion moves, then, to the current research questions in this field, discussing the different methodologies used, as well as specific advances in the area of clinical linguistics. We conclude with a discussion on the topics that we believe still need further investigation, namely the nature of the interactions between the language systems of bilingual speakers and the role of the age of onset of bilingualism.
{"title":"Investigação em Bilinguismo. Caminhos percorridos e perspetivas futuras","authors":"Cristina Flores, L. Almeida","doi":"10.26334/2183-9077/rapln9ano2022mr2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26334/2183-9077/rapln9ano2022mr2","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a brief discussion of the key questions which were in the focus of interest in research on bilingualism in the last five decades, particularly in the field of bilingual language acquisition. We highlight how the initially negative view of bilingualism has changed based on scientific evidence. The overview starts with a discussion of some of the paths already taken in research on bilingualism, with a focus on the major findings concerning bilingual language development and the consequences of these findings for current views of bilingualism. The discussion moves, then, to the current research questions in this field, discussing the different methodologies used, as well as specific advances in the area of clinical linguistics. We conclude with a discussion on the topics that we believe still need further investigation, namely the nature of the interactions between the language systems of bilingual speakers and the role of the age of onset of bilingualism.","PeriodicalId":313789,"journal":{"name":"Revista da Associação Portuguesa de Linguística","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130007668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-25DOI: 10.26334/2183-9077/rapln9ano2022a8
Alexandra Fiéis, Ana Madeira, Joana Teixeira
This study investigates the interpretation of pronominal subjects in European Portuguese, Spanish and Italian. 30 native speakers of each language completed two multiple-choice tasks (speeded and untimed), which elicited their interpretation of null and overt subject pronouns in intrasentential contexts with the order matrix‑subordinate. The tasks had a 2x2 design, crossing the following variables: animacy of the matrix object (+ animate vs. - animate) and type of pronominal embedded subject (overt vs. null). Results indicate that the PAS is consistently followed in EP but not in Italian or Spanish. In these languages, this strategy is adopted in overt subject resolution only in contexts where the antecedents are [+ animate]. In the resolution of null subjects, Italian and Spanish exhibit optionality between subject and object antecedents. Hence, there is microvariation in the resolution of pronominal subjects in these languages. Possible reasons for this are discussed in detail.
本研究调查了欧洲葡萄牙语、西班牙语和意大利语中代词主语的解释。30名母语人士分别完成了两个选择题(快速和非定时)，这些选择题引出了他们在具有顺序矩阵-隶属关系的句内语境中对主语代词的空主语和显性主语代词的解释。这些任务采用2x2设计，跨越以下变量:矩阵对象的动画性(+ animate vs. - animate)和代词嵌入主题的类型(显性vs.无效)。结果表明，PAS在EP中一直被遵循，但在意大利语或西班牙语中却没有。在这些语言中，只有在先行词为[+ animate]的上下文中，才采用这种策略来明确主语。在对空主语的解析中，意大利语和西班牙语表现出主语和宾语前词之间的可选性。因此，这些语言中代词主语的解析存在细微差异。对此可能的原因进行了详细的讨论。
{"title":"A Estratégia da Posição do Antecedente em línguas românicas de sujeito nulo","authors":"Alexandra Fiéis, Ana Madeira, Joana Teixeira","doi":"10.26334/2183-9077/rapln9ano2022a8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26334/2183-9077/rapln9ano2022a8","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the interpretation of pronominal subjects in European Portuguese, Spanish and Italian. 30 native speakers of each language completed two multiple-choice tasks (speeded and untimed), which elicited their interpretation of null and overt subject pronouns in intrasentential contexts with the order matrix‑subordinate. The tasks had a 2x2 design, crossing the following variables: animacy of the matrix object (+ animate vs. - animate) and type of pronominal embedded subject (overt vs. null). Results indicate that the PAS is consistently followed in EP but not in Italian or Spanish. In these languages, this strategy is adopted in overt subject resolution only in contexts where the antecedents are [+ animate]. In the resolution of null subjects, Italian and Spanish exhibit optionality between subject and object antecedents. Hence, there is microvariation in the resolution of pronominal subjects in these languages. Possible reasons for this are discussed in detail.","PeriodicalId":313789,"journal":{"name":"Revista da Associação Portuguesa de Linguística","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124515282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-25DOI: 10.26334/2183-9077/rapln9ano2022a11
M. Lobo, Joana Batalha, A. Estrela, Bruna Bragança
This article presents a study on the syntactic development of children attending the 1st cycle of basic education based on their writing. We seek to (i) identify which are the predominant clause articulation processes at an early stage of compositional writing from the connectors that emerge at this stage; (ii) determine if the clause articulation processes evidence syntactic knowledge about the coordination and subordination processes; and (iii) determine the progression in the use of connectors over the course of a school year in this initial phase of compositional writing. We analyzed a corpus with 156 narrative texts written by students at grade 2, and a second corpus with 126 texts of the same students at grade 3. Results show us that connectives used in coordinate structures are predominant in children’s writing, although we can identify different profiles of syntactic development. A comparison between the texts of grade 2 and grade 3 shows an increase both in terms of the quantity and the diversity of the connectives used. Subordination becomes a more consistently used process of clause articulation in the narrative texts analyzed, with some connectives becoming more frequent and others emerging in students’ writing.
{"title":"Desenvolvimento sintático em produções escritas de crianças de 1.º ciclo","authors":"M. Lobo, Joana Batalha, A. Estrela, Bruna Bragança","doi":"10.26334/2183-9077/rapln9ano2022a11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26334/2183-9077/rapln9ano2022a11","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a study on the syntactic development of children attending the 1st cycle of basic education based on their writing. We seek to (i) identify which are the predominant clause articulation processes at an early stage of compositional writing from the connectors that emerge at this stage; (ii) determine if the clause articulation processes evidence syntactic knowledge about the coordination and subordination processes; and (iii) determine the progression in the use of connectors over the course of a school year in this initial phase of compositional writing. We analyzed a corpus with 156 narrative texts written by students at grade 2, and a second corpus with 126 texts of the same students at grade 3. Results show us that connectives used in coordinate structures are predominant in children’s writing, although we can identify different profiles of syntactic development. A comparison between the texts of grade 2 and grade 3 shows an increase both in terms of the quantity and the diversity of the connectives used. Subordination becomes a more consistently used process of clause articulation in the narrative texts analyzed, with some connectives becoming more frequent and others emerging in students’ writing.","PeriodicalId":313789,"journal":{"name":"Revista da Associação Portuguesa de Linguística","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126905741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-25DOI: 10.26334/2183-9077/rapln9ano2022mr1
Teresa Costa, C. Amorim, A. M. Ramalho
This text presents a set of reflections on the state of the art regarding phonological acquisition in European Portuguese as L1. Taking the existing research accomplishments as its starting point, the discussion presented here will focus on what still needs to be done and known in different domains: regarding the construction, validation and availability of corpora and tools for phonological assessment; in the study of typical and atypical development; in the relationships between research and clinical and pedagogical intervention. Among the paths to be followed, emphasis will be placed on the need to instill multidisciplinary and multimodal approaches in phonological acquisition research, combining data from production, perception and metaphonological processing
{"title":"Sobre a aquisição da Fonologia do Português Europeu como L1: caminhos por trilhar","authors":"Teresa Costa, C. Amorim, A. M. Ramalho","doi":"10.26334/2183-9077/rapln9ano2022mr1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26334/2183-9077/rapln9ano2022mr1","url":null,"abstract":"This text presents a set of reflections on the state of the art regarding phonological acquisition in European Portuguese as L1. Taking the existing research accomplishments as its starting point, the discussion presented here will focus on what still needs to be done and known in different domains: regarding the construction, validation and availability of corpora and tools for phonological assessment; in the study of typical and atypical development; in the relationships between research and clinical and pedagogical intervention. Among the paths to be followed, emphasis will be placed on the need to instill multidisciplinary and multimodal approaches in phonological acquisition research, combining data from production, perception and metaphonological processing","PeriodicalId":313789,"journal":{"name":"Revista da Associação Portuguesa de Linguística","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125614272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-25DOI: 10.26334/2183-9077/rapln9ano2022a14
Ronan Pereira
Brazilian Portuguese, regarding its second person singular pronouns, is seen by some authors as a dyadic system: the pronoun "você" is the informal pronoun, while "o senhor" is used in situations that require more formality. Although the canonical informal pronoun “tu” still occurs, it is considered that “tu” and “você” are not in complementary distribution, their choice being mostly the result of diatopic variation, with a region where the use of “você” is dominant (e.g. the state of São Paulo), another one where the use of “tu” is dominant (e.g. the state of Rio Grande do Sul), and their more balanced coexistence in a third zone (the largest one in territory). Also, when “tu” occurs, it is generally followed by a verb with third person inflection morphology, although differences can be observed regarding this phenomenon as well. Pereira (2021), based on the specific scenario found in Rio Grande do Sul (predominance of “tu”, with low rates of canonical inflection), conducted a formality judgement test with native speakers of that dialect and found out they actually attributed different levels of formality regarding the type of pronoun used in the sentences, evincing what seems to be a triadic system, at least regarding the speakers’ representation, composed by, from the most informal to the most formal, “tu” (with third person inflection), “você” – paired with “tu” with the canonical inflection –, and “o senhor”. Thus, this study aimed to replicate Pereira’s (2021) study with participants who lived and had been raised in the state of São Paulo, since “você” is predominant there. The results showed a similar gradient of formality, although not identical averages, with different sociolinguistic factors (age, schooling, and gender) affecting the results. Moreover, “tu” with the canonical inflection was paired to “o senhor” at the formal extreme of the scale, which might be due to the fact it is a rarer form and speakers only have contact with it in situations regarded as formal (e.g., in Portuguese grammars or textbooks at school). Thus, the data and comparisons brought out in this study demonstrate the relevance of uniting different methodologies as to reach more robust conclusions regarding the different phenomena in variation in Brazilian Portuguese.
巴西葡萄牙语的第二人称单数代词被一些作者视为一种二元系统:代词“você”是非正式代词，而“o senhor”则用于需要更正式的场合。尽管规范的非正式代词“tu”仍然存在，但人们认为“tu”和“você”并不是互补分布，它们的选择主要是diatopic变化的结果，在使用“você”占主导地位的地区(例如圣保罗州)，另一个使用“tu”占主导地位的地区(例如里约热内卢Grande do Sul州)，以及它们在第三个区域(领土上最大的一个)中更平衡地共存。此外，当“tu”出现时，通常后跟一个第三人称词形变化的动词，尽管这种现象也可以观察到差异。Pereira(2021)基于在里约热内卢Grande do Sul中发现的特定场景(“tu”占主导地位，规范屈折率低)，对该方言的母语人士进行了形式判断测试，发现他们实际上将句子中使用的代词类型归因于不同的形式程度，至少在说话者的表达方面，似乎是一个三重系统，由从最非正式到最正式组成，“tu”(有第三人称变化)，“você”-与“tu”配对，有规范的变化-，还有“o senhor”。因此，本研究旨在复制Pereira(2021)的研究，参与者在圣保罗州生活和长大，因为“você”在那里占主导地位。结果显示，尽管不同的社会语言因素(年龄、学校教育和性别)影响了结果，但正式程度的梯度相似。此外，“tu”与“o senhor”在正式音阶的极端是成对的，这可能是因为它是一种罕见的形式，说话者只在被认为是正式的场合(例如，在葡萄牙语语法或学校教科书中)接触它。因此，本研究中的数据和比较表明，结合不同的方法，就巴西葡萄牙语差异的不同现象得出更有力的结论是相关的。
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