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The pluriverses of conservation: Exploring modes of coexistence and more-than-human care for alternative socioecological futures 保护的多样性:探索共存模式和超越人类的社会生态未来替代关怀
IF 5.2 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104277
Gustavo Blanco-Wells , Marcela Márquez-García
In the context of socio-ecological and climate crises, the global challenges for biodiversity conservation are enormous. These challenges are addressed through a range of conservation regulations, programs, and initiatives stemming from both the public and private sectors.
This perspective proposes focusing on the "pluriverses of conservation", understood as the diverse modes of attention and care deployed among different entities in a more-than-human world. We believe these caring relationships are expressed with vitality in interactions between conservation organizations and both human and non-human communities in places undergoing critical dynamics of capitalist transformation.
We recognize that forests, fungi, mammals, birds, insects, lichens and other entities are not reducible solely to the field of conservation. Nonetheless, conservation offers a privileged advantage to investigate an epistemological shift—from modes of knowing (epistemologies) toward modes of existing (ontologies)—and, from there, to modes of attention toward more-than-humans inspiring current conservation processes in many parts of the world.
Drawing on posthumanist theories, transdisciplinary methodologies, and long-term ethnographic research in the Southern Cone of South America, the article introduces the Transdisciplinary Field Laboratories—experiential spaces where diverse knowledges and practices intersect to foster multispecies relationships and innovative conservation approaches. These laboratories exemplify how conservation initiatives can challenge anthropocentric perspectives, opening pathways toward alternative socio-ecological futures grounded in multispecies justice. We argue that such modes of coexistence and care, facilitated through these collaborative spaces, embody alternative ways of relating to biodiversity beyond dominant Western paradigms, ultimately contributing to more inclusive, just, and sustainable approaches to conservation.
在社会生态和气候危机的背景下,生物多样性保护面临着巨大的全球挑战。这些挑战是通过公共和私营部门的一系列保护法规、项目和倡议来解决的。这一观点建议关注“多元保护”,将其理解为在一个超越人类的世界中,在不同实体之间部署的各种关注和护理模式。我们相信,在经历资本主义转型的关键动力的地方,这些关怀关系在保护组织与人类和非人类社区之间的互动中表现得充满活力。我们认识到,森林、真菌、哺乳动物、鸟类、昆虫、地衣和其他实体不能仅仅归为保护领域。尽管如此,保护为研究认识论的转变提供了一个得天独厚的优势——从认识模式(认识论)到存在模式(本体论),并从那里,到关注世界许多地方启发当前保护过程的超越人类的模式。借鉴后人类主义理论、跨学科方法和南美洲南锥体的长期民族志研究,本文介绍了跨学科领域实验室——不同知识和实践交叉的体验空间,以促进多物种关系和创新的保护方法。这些实验室证明了保护倡议如何挑战人类中心主义观点,为基于多物种正义的替代社会生态未来开辟了道路。我们认为,在这些合作空间的推动下,这种共存和关怀模式体现了超越西方主导范式的生物多样性的替代方式,最终有助于实现更包容、公正和可持续的保护方法。
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引用次数: 0
Flood risk and land-use governance in Quebec, Canada: Fifty years of crises and institutional reform 加拿大魁北克的洪水风险和土地使用治理:五十年的危机和制度改革
IF 5.2 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104295
Marilyne Gaudette , Daniel Germain
Over the past fifty years, Quebec’s flood risk governance has undergone successive reforms driven by major disasters, from the floods of 1974 and 1976 to those of 2017 and 2019. Drawing on legislative archives, policy documents, cartographic records, and media sources, this paper reconstructs how these critical junctures reshaped institutions, from the first Canada-Quebec floodplain agreements to the recent transitional regime and forthcoming third-generation maps. Using a historical institutionalist framework combined with insights from political ecology, we examine how crises have acted as catalysts for reform while also reinforcing path dependencies. Early hazard-based approaches focused on probabilistic mapping and infrastructure defence, while later initiatives introduced land-use restrictions, standardized cartographic methods, and eventually risk-based models integrating hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. Recent reforms further expand this scope to include adaptation and river mobility, supported by high-resolution LiDAR mapping and watershed-scale planning. Yet major challenges persist, including regulatory rigidity, tensions between provincial norms and local contexts, and uneven attention to social vulnerability, even if ongoing reforms begin to address some of these gaps. Through a political ecology lens, these shifts reveal how regulatory change intersects with power, equity, and knowledge: who defines risk, whose expertise prevails, and how costs and restrictions are distributed across territories. Quebec’s evolving trajectory highlights both the opportunities and limits of event-driven reform while disasters accelerate innovation, they can also entrench uneven governance outcomes. By situating Quebec within broader debates on adaptive risk governance and resilience, this study offers transferable lessons for jurisdictions facing climate-induced flood risk.
在过去的50年里,从1974年和1976年的洪水到2017年和2019年的洪水,魁北克的洪水风险治理经历了一系列重大灾害的改革。本文利用立法档案、政策文件、地图记录和媒体资料,从第一个加拿大-魁北克洪泛平原协议到最近的过渡政权和即将到来的第三代地图,重构了这些关键时刻如何重塑了制度。利用历史制度主义框架结合政治生态学的见解,我们研究了危机如何成为改革的催化剂,同时也加强了路径依赖。早期基于灾害的方法侧重于概率制图和基础设施防御,而后来的举措引入了土地使用限制、标准化制图方法,以及最终基于风险的综合灾害、暴露和脆弱性模型。最近的改革进一步扩大了这一范围,在高分辨率激光雷达测绘和流域尺度规划的支持下,包括适应和河流流动性。然而,重大挑战依然存在,包括监管僵化、省级规范与地方情况之间的紧张关系,以及对社会脆弱性的不均衡关注,尽管正在进行的改革已经开始解决其中的一些差距。通过政治生态学的视角,这些转变揭示了监管变化如何与权力、公平和知识交叉:谁定义风险,谁的专业知识占上风,以及成本和限制如何在各个地区分布。魁北克的发展轨迹凸显了事件驱动型改革的机遇和局限性,灾害加速了创新,但也可能加剧治理结果的不平衡。通过将魁北克置于适应性风险治理和恢复力的更广泛辩论中,本研究为面临气候引起的洪水风险的司法管辖区提供了可转移的经验教训。
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引用次数: 0
Visualizing nature: A review of photovoice as a method for understanding environmental change 可视化自然:光声作为一种理解环境变化的方法综述
IF 5.2 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104298
Sofie Mortensen , Francois Questiaux , Jasmine Vorburger , Shae Barber , Hilary Oliva Faxon
Originally developed in the field of public health, the participatory photography research methodology known as “photovoice” has increasingly been used by interdisciplinary environmental scientists. This scoping review assesses this trend, identifying and analyzing 132 relevant journal articles to evaluate how researchers deploy this methodology to understand environmental change processes and perceptions. We find that photovoice has been applied to a range of environmental topics, including environmental health, climate change, water governance, and rural and urban development, complementing a turn towards community-based research methods and co-production of knowledge within the field. We interrogate who is included in photovoice projects and how they were conducted, showing how the original intent of the method - to highlight the perceptions, voices, and experiences of rural women - has been broadened to capture lived experiences of marginalized groups such as resource-dependent, low-income and Indigenous communities. We highlight what we see as the core contribution of this method - understanding alternative epistemologies of environmental change – and argue that photovoice has high potential to capture, explore, and share the views and voices of marginalized people. While we caution that studies should consciously consider the trade-offs involved in this time-consuming and open-ended method, we argue that increasing use of this method can contribute to our understanding of a range of empirical topics as well as fostering epistemological pluralism and insights that can lead to action.
最初在公共卫生领域开发的参与式摄影研究方法被称为“photovoice”,已越来越多地被跨学科环境科学家使用。这篇范围综述评估了这一趋势,识别和分析了132篇相关的期刊文章,以评估研究人员如何利用这种方法来理解环境变化过程和感知。我们发现,光声已应用于一系列环境主题,包括环境健康、气候变化、水治理以及农村和城市发展,补充了转向以社区为基础的研究方法和该领域内知识的共同生产。我们询问了哪些人参与了“照片之声”项目,以及它们是如何进行的,并展示了该方法的初衷——强调农村妇女的看法、声音和经历——如何被扩大到捕捉诸如资源依赖型、低收入和土著社区等边缘化群体的生活经历。我们强调了这种方法的核心贡献——理解环境变化的替代认识论——并认为光声在捕捉、探索和分享边缘化人群的观点和声音方面具有很高的潜力。虽然我们警告说,研究应该有意识地考虑这种耗时且开放式方法所涉及的权衡,但我们认为,越来越多地使用这种方法可以有助于我们对一系列经验主题的理解,并促进认识论多元化和可能导致行动的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Unlearning through spirituality: Mongolian and Western animistic traditions as pathways to enhance sustainability 通过灵性来忘却:蒙古和西方万物有灵论传统作为增强可持续性的途径
IF 5.2 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104296
Jesse Segura , Julien-François Gerber , Filka Sekulova
This paper explores how animistic rituals—specifically the ovoo offering in Inner Mongolia—can serve as embodied engagements with what Roy Bhaskar (1975) calls the “real”: a deeper layer of reality shaped by unseen causal and spiritual forces. By acknowledging the 'inhabitants' of this deeper layer, we contribute to the broader post-humanist, or more-than-human, turn in the social sciences and humanities. Using a sensory collaborative autoethnographic approach, we take the ovoo encounter as a point of departure to examine our own onto-epistemic assumptions and to build a conceptual bridge for Western-trained audiences to loosen the grip of empirical-positivist habits of thought. We show how these practices enact a relational ontology that disrupts capitalist modernity’s extractivist, anthropocentric, and dualistic assumptions. We argue that, for those embedded in Western knowledge systems, openness to such place-based spiritual practices can foster the unlearning of dominant colonial-capitalist ways of being. The paper’s contribution is twofold: first, it demonstrates how engaging with the ovoo offering nurtures reciprocal, embodied connections that unsettle anthropocentric and dualistic worldviews; and second, it highlights how animistic traditions can counter the mechanistic cosmologies underlying extractivism. Such encounters can help reawaken suppressed spiritual lineages within Western thought, expanding the ethical and affective horizons of sustainability. At the same time, we remain attentive to the risks of co-optation through commodification, tourism, or detached New Age reinterpretations. We conclude by situating these reflections within wider debates on sustainability, ecological justice, and relational ethics.
本文探讨了万物有灵的仪式——特别是内蒙古的“ovoo”献祭——是如何与Roy Bhaskar(1975)所说的“真实”(一种由看不见的因果和精神力量形成的更深层次的现实)相结合的。通过承认这一更深层次的“居民”,我们为社会科学和人文学科更广泛的后人文主义或超越人类的转向做出了贡献。使用一种感官合作的自我民族志方法,我们将ovoo的遭遇作为一个出发点,来检查我们自己的本体-认识论假设,并为受过西方训练的观众建立一个概念桥梁,以放松经验实证主义思维习惯的控制。我们展示了这些实践如何制定一种关系本体论,破坏资本主义现代性的采掘主义、人类中心主义和二元论假设。我们认为,对于那些嵌入西方知识体系的人来说,对这种基于地点的精神实践的开放可以促进对占主导地位的殖民-资本主义存在方式的遗忘。这篇论文的贡献是双重的:首先,它展示了与卵形提供的互动如何培养相互的、具体化的联系,这种联系扰乱了人类中心主义和二元世界观;其次,它强调了万物有灵论的传统是如何对抗榨取主义背后的机械论宇宙论的。这样的相遇有助于重新唤醒西方思想中被压抑的精神血统,扩大可持续性的伦理和情感视野。与此同时,我们仍然关注通过商品化、旅游或超然的新时代重新诠释进行合作的风险。最后,我们将这些反思置于更广泛的关于可持续性、生态正义和关系伦理的辩论中。
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引用次数: 0
Mapping the epistemic geography of the intergovernmental panel on climate change (1995–2022) 绘制政府间气候变化专门委员会的认知地理图谱(1995-2022)
IF 5.2 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104291
Alberte Bau Larsen , Anders Kristian Munk , Henning Sten Hansen , Theresa Scavenius
This paper maps the epistemic geography of the mitigation working group (WGIII) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). It thus contributes to the study of the science-policy interface of the IPCC and its authors. We mapped the WGIII authors’ scientific publications and created visual networks based on bibliographic coupling of the IPCC authors of Assessment Reports 2–6. We found that, over time, the scientific community behind integrated assessment models (IAMs) has gained greater prominence in the epistemic geography, and today most of the IPCC WGIII authors rely on IAMs as a way to analyze the impacts of mitigation efforts. Subsequently, we discuss the consequences of this development for climate knowledge, climate policy, and the crowding out of other relevant academic approaches, theories, and qualitative data. We conclude by suggesting a more comprehensive approach to the methodological approaches in the IPCC assessments.
本文绘制了政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)减缓工作组(WGIII)的认知地理图谱。因此,它有助于研究IPCC及其作者的科学政策界面。我们绘制了WGIII作者的科学出版物,并基于IPCC评估报告2-6作者的书目耦合创建了可视化网络。我们发现,随着时间的推移,综合评估模型(iam)背后的科学界在认知地理学中获得了更大的突出地位,今天IPCC WGIII的大多数作者都依赖于iam作为分析缓解努力影响的一种方式。随后,我们讨论了这一发展对气候知识、气候政策的影响,以及对其他相关学术方法、理论和定性数据的排挤。最后,我们建议对IPCC评估的方法学方法采取更全面的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of water governance in the Nekarud River Basin and Eastern Mazandaran plains, Iran: Challenges and recommendations 伊朗内卡鲁德河流域和马赞达兰平原东部水治理分析:挑战与建议
IF 5.2 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104293
Hossein Shakeri Rostami , Hosseinali Zabardast Rostami
The Nekarud River Basin in northern Iran exemplifies the growing challenges of water governance in regions where hydrological complexity, agricultural dependence, and institutional fragmentation converge. Although not among the country’s largest basins, its mountain-to-plain structure, intensive agricultural activities, and direct connection to the Caspian Sea make it highly vulnerable to groundwater depletion, surface water stress, and competing sectoral demands. These characteristics render it an appropriate case for examining how governance structures can address emerging conflicts in water management. The objective of this study is to identify and analyze the systemic drivers of water governance challenges in the river basin and to propose Suggestions that enhance policy coherence across the water, food, and energy sectors. A mixed-method approach was employed, combining document analysis, semi-structured interviews, expert questionnaires, and stakeholder mapping through a power–interest matrix. The DPSIR framework was used to assess interconnected drivers and pressures shaping water stress, while the integration of social perspectives provided insights into local dynamics often overlooked in formal planning. The results indicate that uncontrolled groundwater extraction, particularly through illegal wells, represents the most significant quantitative challenge. Social factors such as limited awareness, weak institutional capacity, and insufficient adoption of water-saving technologies further aggravate water governance challenges. Moreover, discrepancies between expert assessments and local community perceptions reveal a critical gap that undermines the legitimacy and effectiveness of water policies. This study highlights the necessity of strengthening inter-sectoral coordination, fostering participatory governance mechanisms, and promoting integrated Water–Energy–Food actions. By applying a combined analytical framework that links system-based assessment with stakeholder perspectives, the research provides both contextual insights for the Nekarud River Basin and offers a transferable integrated analytical approach that can be applied other socio-ecological systems facing similar governance complexities in the world.
伊朗北部的内卡鲁德河流域体现了在水文复杂性、农业依赖性和制度碎片化集中的地区,水治理面临的挑战日益严峻。虽然不是该国最大的盆地之一,但其山转平原的结构,集约化的农业活动以及与里海的直接联系使其极易受到地下水枯竭,地表水压力和相互竞争的部门需求的影响。这些特点使它成为研究治理结构如何解决水管理中新出现的冲突的适当案例。本研究的目的是识别和分析河流流域水治理挑战的系统性驱动因素,并提出建议,以加强水、粮食和能源部门的政策一致性。采用混合方法,结合文献分析、半结构化访谈、专家问卷和通过权力-利益矩阵映射利益相关者。DPSIR框架用于评估形成水资源压力的相互关联的驱动因素和压力,而社会视角的整合提供了对正式规划中经常被忽视的当地动态的见解。结果表明,不受控制的地下水开采,特别是通过非法井,是最重要的定量挑战。节水意识有限、机构能力薄弱、节水技术采用不足等社会因素进一步加剧了水治理挑战。此外,专家评估和当地社区看法之间的差异揭示了一个严重的差距,它破坏了水政策的合法性和有效性。本研究强调了加强部门间协调、促进参与性治理机制和促进水-能源-粮食综合行动的必要性。通过将基于系统的评估与利益相关者的观点联系起来的综合分析框架,该研究为内卡鲁德河流域提供了背景见解,并提供了一种可转移的综合分析方法,可应用于世界上面临类似治理复杂性的其他社会生态系统。
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引用次数: 0
Is a licence for small-scale mining a means, an end, or both? Politics of ASM formalisation and environmentally-responsible mining in Ghana 小规模采矿许可证是手段、目的,还是两者兼而有之?加纳ASM正规化和环境负责任采矿的政治
IF 5.2 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104290
Francis Arthur-Holmes , Emmanuel Selasi Tomude , David Damtar
Legal and regulatory frameworks for the formalisation of artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) in Ghana are widely misunderstood, misinterpreted in policy and regulatory contexts, and skewed in leading public discourse. Consequently, this situation has led to disproportionate attention being paid to the roles of mining licences and operating permits in tackling environmental challenges in the sector. This paper critically examines the ASM policy intervention, asking whether the small-scale mining licence is a means, an end, or both, given the tilted focus and over-emphasis on the mining licence in ensuring responsible ASM in Ghana. Our research findings, based on analysis of expert interviews and secondary data, reveal that mining licences and environmental protection in ASM are deeply politicised and narrowly discussed. Further, our findings reveal a lack of discourse around the operating permits to improve environmental indicators. The discussion among most policymakers and key stakeholders, including parliamentarians, tends to present the mining licence as an end in itself and view it as sufficient to eliminate informalities in ASM and ensure environmentally sustainable mining practices. On the contrary, we argue that the small-scale mining licence is merely a means, providing a process through which, along with permits such as environmental and water use permits, an operating permit can be secured before any ASM activities begin. The operating permit serves as both a means and an end in itself, providing environmental directives for miners to engage in mine waste management practices and land reclamation activity after mine closure.
加纳手工和小规模采矿(ASM)正规化的法律和监管框架在政策和监管环境中被广泛误解,被误解,并在主要的公共话语中被歪曲。因此,这种情况导致人们过分注意采矿许可证和作业许可证在处理该部门环境挑战方面的作用。本文批判性地考察了ASM的政策干预,考虑到加纳在确保负责任的ASM方面对采矿许可证的倾斜关注和过度强调,询问小规模采矿许可证是一种手段,还是目的,还是两者兼而有之。基于对专家访谈和二手数据的分析,我们的研究结果显示,ASM的采矿许可证和环境保护受到了深刻的政治化和狭隘的讨论。此外,我们的研究结果表明,缺乏关于改善环境指标的经营许可证的论述。大多数决策者和主要利益相关者(包括议员)之间的讨论倾向于将采矿许可证本身视为目的,并认为它足以消除ASM中的非正式性并确保环境可持续的采矿实践。相反,我们认为,小规模采矿许可证仅仅是一种手段,提供了一个过程,通过这个过程,可以在任何ASM活动开始之前,与环境和用水许可证等许可证一起获得运营许可证。经营许可证本身既是一种手段,也是一种目的,为矿工提供环境指示,以便在矿山关闭后从事矿山废物管理实践和土地复垦活动。
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引用次数: 0
National circumstances matter: How climate change vulnerability and political instability affect greenhouse gas coverage in nationally determined contributions 国情至关重要:气候变化脆弱性和政治不稳定如何影响国家自主贡献中温室气体的覆盖范围
IF 5.2 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104283
Jaeeun Koo , Sangchan Park , Yunsung Lee
Almost 200 countries have submitted their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) in response to the 2015 Paris Agreement’s call for net-zero targets. However, critics posit that these collective efforts may fall short of limiting global temperature rise, in part because these countries differ significantly in the scope of greenhouse gases (GHGs) included in their national climate targets. This study investigates why some countries set a narrower set of GHGs in their NDCs than others. Drawing on data from the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) NDC registry and Climate Watch, we quantify GHG coverage by weighting each gas according to its 100-year Global Warming Potential (GWP-100), thereby capturing relative climate impacts and ensuring alignment with national inventory practices. We then estimate ordinary least squares, ordered logit, and negative binomial regressions to examine the influence of two national-level factors, climate change vulnerability and political instability, on GHG coverage. The results show that both these factors are negatively associated with the scope of GHGs covered in NDCs. These findings underscore that expanding GHG coverage in NDCs requires not only technical capacity building but also institutional conditions that reduce climate change vulnerability and enhance political stability, thereby enabling countries to commit to more comprehensive mitigation goals.
近200个国家提交了国家自主贡献(NDCs),以响应2015年《巴黎协定》对净零目标的呼吁。然而,批评人士认为,这些集体努力可能无法限制全球气温上升,部分原因是这些国家在其国家气候目标中包含的温室气体(GHGs)范围上存在显著差异。本研究调查了为什么一些国家在国家自主贡献中设定的温室气体排放量比其他国家要小。根据《联合国气候变化框架公约》(UNFCCC)国家数据中心注册表和气候观察的数据,我们根据100年全球变暖潜能值(GWP-100)对每种气体进行加权,从而量化温室气体覆盖率,从而捕捉相对气候影响并确保与国家清单实践保持一致。然后,我们估计了普通最小二乘、有序logit和负二项回归,以检验气候变化脆弱性和政治不稳定这两个国家级因素对温室气体覆盖率的影响。结果表明,这两个因子与国家自主贡献覆盖的温室气体范围呈负相关。这些研究结果强调,扩大国家自主贡献的温室气体覆盖范围不仅需要技术能力建设,还需要减少气候变化脆弱性和加强政治稳定的体制条件,从而使各国能够承诺实现更全面的减缓目标。
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引用次数: 0
Catastrophic wildfires in the Pantanal wetlands as catalysts for transformative change 潘塔纳尔湿地的灾难性野火是变革的催化剂
IF 5.2 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104273
Alexandre de Matos Martins Pereira , Geraldo Alves Damasceno-Junior , Renata Libonati , Liana O. Anderson , Allan Henrique de Almeida Souza , Bruno Henrique dos Santos Ferreira , Andre Valle Nunes , André Luiz Siqueira , Angelica Guerra , Angelo Cipriano Pacelli Rabelo , Arnaud L.J. Desbiez , Arthur Henrique Leite Falcette , Áurea da Silva Garcia , Betina Kellermann , Bruna Gomes de Oliveira , Bryony Jenkins , Carlos A. Peres , Christian Niel Berlinck , Danilo Bandini Ribeiro , Edna Scremin-Dias , Fabio de Oliveira Roque
Catastrophic wildfires, increasingly intensified by climate change and anthropogenic pressures, have emerged as critical drivers of socioecological transformation. This study examines the 2019–2020 wildfires in the Pantanal biome as a case of disruptive change, highlighting their role in catalyzing institutional, technological, scientific, and community-level innovations. Drawing on a transdisciplinary methodology and snowball sampling of key stakeholders, the research identifies rapid shifts in wildfire governance, including the implementation of integrated fire management policies and the establishment of new scientific networks. Technological advancements, such as real-time fire monitoring systems and AI-driven early warning platforms, have enhanced fire detection and response capabilities. Concurrently, community resilience has been bolstered through the formation of local fire brigades, educational initiatives, and restoration programs supported by civil society and governmental actors. These responses reflect a convergence of adaptive and transformative strategies aimed at mitigating future wildfire risks. Despite these advances, sustaining long-term resilience remains contingent upon continued multilevel governance, cross-sectoral collaboration, and financial investment. The Pantanal experience underscores the potential of extreme events to disrupt entrenched systems and foster systemic change. However, it also reveals the complexities of maintaining momentum in the face of escalating climate threats. This analysis contributes to the broader discourse on disaster-induced transformation, emphasizing the need for integrated, inclusive, and anticipatory approaches to environmental governance in fire-prone landscapes.
由于气候变化和人为压力,灾难性野火日益加剧,已成为社会生态转型的关键驱动因素。本研究将2019-2020年潘塔纳尔生物群系的野火作为破坏性变化的一个案例进行了研究,强调了它们在催化制度、技术、科学和社区层面创新方面的作用。利用跨学科方法和关键利益相关者的滚雪球抽样,该研究确定了野火治理的快速变化,包括实施综合火灾管理政策和建立新的科学网络。技术进步,如实时火灾监控系统和人工智能驱动的预警平台,增强了火灾探测和响应能力。与此同时,通过组建地方消防队、开展教育活动以及民间社会和政府行动者支持的恢复项目,增强了社区的复原力。这些应对措施反映了旨在减轻未来野火风险的适应性和变革性战略的融合。尽管取得了这些进展,但维持长期韧性仍取决于持续的多层次治理、跨部门合作和金融投资。潘塔纳尔的经历强调了极端事件破坏根深蒂固的制度和促进系统性变革的潜力。然而,它也揭示了在气候威胁不断升级的情况下保持势头的复杂性。这一分析有助于对灾害引发的转型进行更广泛的讨论,强调需要采取综合、包容和前瞻性的方法来治理易发火灾的景观。
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引用次数: 0
Vulnerability to climate change, depopulation and the global food regime: An index-based approach for rural Spain 易受气候变化、人口减少和全球粮食制度影响:西班牙农村的指数方法
IF 5.2 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104254
Sergio Villamayor-Tomas , Daniel Gaitán-Cremaschi , Esteve Corbera , Ana Beatriz Pierri-Daunt , Letícia Santos de Lima
Rural regions in Europe currently face multiple interacting stressors, including climate change, depopulation, and the deepening of a global a food regime. Research on the overlapping impact of these climate, demographic and socio-economic phenomena on rural livelihoods is mounting, yet efforts to identify larger-scale patterns at country level are still scarce. In this article, we develop a rural vulnerability index that accounts for these dynamics, encompassing 27 variables calculated at municipal and county levels from publicly available data. We apply the index to the case of Spain, one of the largest producers of agricultural commodities and one of the most affected by depopulation and climate change in the European Union. We demonstrate the existence of a vulnerability belt around the country’s central plateau, which is notably driven by shifts in climate, the adverse effects of the global food regime, and low adaptive capacity of the municipalities that conform such belt. We also show that most and least vulnerable counties exhibit contrasting spatial distributions at the municipal level, and that overlapping impacts of the three stressors occur mostly in remote rural areas. The research illustrates the importance of integrating depopulation in the study of multi-stressor rural vulnerability and sheds light on the potential and limitations of using a quantitative and spatially explicit indices for the assessment of rural vulnerability in Spain, and potentially other European countries.
欧洲农村地区目前面临着多种相互作用的压力因素,包括气候变化、人口减少和全球粮食制度的深化。关于这些气候、人口和社会经济现象对农村生计的重叠影响的研究正在增加,但在国家一级查明更大规模模式的努力仍然很少。在本文中,我们开发了一个考虑这些动态的农村脆弱性指数,包括27个变量,这些变量是根据公开数据在市和县一级计算出来的。我们将该指数应用于西班牙的情况,西班牙是欧盟最大的农产品生产国之一,也是受人口减少和气候变化影响最严重的国家之一。我们证明了该国中部高原周围存在一个脆弱带,这主要是由气候变化、全球粮食制度的不利影响以及符合该带的市政当局的低适应能力所驱动的。研究还发现,最脆弱县和最不脆弱县在城市层面呈现出不同的空间分布,三种压力源的重叠影响主要发生在偏远农村地区。该研究说明了将人口减少纳入农村脆弱性多压力源研究的重要性,并揭示了在西班牙和其他欧洲国家使用定量和空间明确指数评估农村脆弱性的潜力和局限性。
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Environmental Science & Policy
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