Pub Date : 2024-10-13DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103928
The importance of addressing the existential threat to humanity, climate change, has grown remarkedly in recent years while conflicting views and interests in societies exist. Therefore, climate change agendas have been weaponized to varying degrees, ranging from the international level between countries to the domestic level among political parties. In such contexts, climate change agendas are predominantly driven by political or economic ambitions, sometimes unconnected to concerns for environmental sustainability. Consequently, it can result in an environment that fosters antagonism and disputes over power and position and increases the risk of prolonged confrontations, hindering the collective global efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change. Through the current discourse, we aim to provide a preliminary definition of the weaponization of climate change and environmental sustainability and examine its risks and consequences on international relations, political dynamics, public perception, and the comprehensive integrity of climate action. We also recommend embracing a globally coordinated, scientifically substantiated approach to circumvent climate change by building an eco-surplus cultural value system.
{"title":"Weaponization of climate and environment crises: Risks, realities, and consequences","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103928","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103928","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The importance of addressing the existential threat to humanity, climate change, has grown remarkedly in recent years while conflicting views and interests in societies exist. Therefore, climate change agendas have been weaponized to varying degrees, ranging from the international level between countries to the domestic level among political parties. In such contexts, climate change agendas are predominantly driven by political or economic ambitions, sometimes unconnected to concerns for environmental sustainability. Consequently, it can result in an environment that fosters antagonism and disputes over power and position and increases the risk of prolonged confrontations, hindering the collective global efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change. Through the current discourse, we aim to provide a preliminary definition of the weaponization of climate change and environmental sustainability and examine its risks and consequences on international relations, political dynamics, public perception, and the comprehensive integrity of climate action. We also recommend embracing a globally coordinated, scientifically substantiated approach to circumvent climate change by building an eco-surplus cultural value system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":313,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-12DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103919
Local content policies (LCPs) aim to create opportunities for employment and economic development, and to shield from the “resource curse” and enclave extractivism. LCPs are of ongoing policy interest in resource-rich countries and, more recently, have attracted attention in countries attempting to develop their renewable energy sources. The sustainable development agenda set by the global and regional initiatives, such as the United Nations’ 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Paris Agreement, call for a fresh look at the targets and priorities set by LCPs, e.g., extend to environmental and/or climate change action targets. This article aims to connect in a meaningful way the scientific knowledge on LCPs and evidence-based policy making with the sustainability agenda imperatives. The target is met with the: i) completion of a systematic state-of-the-art literature review and bibliometric analysis to assess and synthesize the accumulated stock of knowledge on LCPs and ii) SDGs mapping onto the LCPs. Τhe review identifies the core approaches and LCPs' assessment outcomes, indicating the plethora of findings. Results show that the relationship between LCPs and the sustainability agenda has not yet been properly analyzed in the literature, identifying thus a gap between research and contemporary policy making. The research community should be proactive: rather than just assessing LCPs' implementation, it should propose alternatives and updates to LCPs in line with the sustainability agenda. The article contributes to this direction by mapping the SDGs onto the LCPs, suggesting ways to advance research in this field and to support evidence-based policy making.
{"title":"Local content policies: Knowledge stock and future directions for research and policy making in view of the sustainability agenda","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103919","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103919","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Local content policies (LCPs) aim to create opportunities for employment and economic development, and to shield from the “resource curse” and enclave extractivism. LCPs are of ongoing policy interest in resource-rich countries and, more recently, have attracted attention in countries attempting to develop their renewable energy sources. The sustainable development agenda set by the global and regional initiatives, such as the United Nations’ 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Paris Agreement, call for a fresh look at the targets and priorities set by LCPs, e.g., extend to environmental and/or climate change action targets. This article aims to connect in a meaningful way the scientific knowledge on LCPs and evidence-based policy making with the sustainability agenda imperatives. The target is met with the: i) completion of a systematic state-of-the-art literature review and bibliometric analysis to assess and synthesize the accumulated stock of knowledge on LCPs and ii) SDGs mapping onto the LCPs. Τhe review identifies the core approaches and LCPs' assessment outcomes, indicating the plethora of findings. Results show that the relationship between LCPs and the sustainability agenda has not yet been properly analyzed in the literature, identifying thus a gap between research and contemporary policy making. The research community should be proactive: rather than just assessing LCPs' implementation, it should propose alternatives and updates to LCPs in line with the sustainability agenda. The article contributes to this direction by mapping the SDGs onto the LCPs, suggesting ways to advance research in this field and to support evidence-based policy making.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":313,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-11DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103923
Real-world laboratories (RwLs) provide research settings to develop and test sustainability solution options and have gained considerable attention in the field of sustainability research since the early 2010s. RwLs, especially those in which urban municipalities are involved as partners, have been linked to promises for fostering sustainable urban development, but they are also critically discussed, e.g., for being used as proof for already doing ‘enough’ in terms of sustainability and citizen participation. However, these assumptions are rarely empirically investigated. This paper applies a traceable methodological approach. We focus on long-term RwL processes in eight German cities, that were all part of the Cities of the Future funding program (2015–2022/23). Based on policy documents provided in city council information systems, we conducted a qualitative content analysis. By applying deductively and inductively developed codes, we capture the ways in which the RwL processes were a) linked to changes in urban polity, politics and policy, and b) strategically used by city officials. Our findings suggest that most of the RwLs had political impacts in several ways. Further, attempts of strategic use were particularly visible for politically highly impactful RwLs.
真实世界实验室（RwLs）为开发和测试可持续发展解决方案提供了研究环境，自 2010 年代初以来在可持续发展研究领域获得了广泛关注。真实世界实验室，尤其是城市市政当局作为合作伙伴参与的真实世界实验室，与促进城市可持续发展的承诺联系在一起，但它们也受到了批评，例如被用作在可持续性和公民参与方面已经做得 "足够 "的证明。然而，这些假设很少经过实证调查。本文采用了一种可追溯的方法论。我们将重点放在德国八个城市的长期鲁汶工程（RwL）进程上，这些城市都是 "未来城市 "资助项目（2015-2022/23）的一部分。根据市议会信息系统提供的政策文件，我们进行了定性内容分析。通过应用演绎法和归纳法编制的代码，我们捕捉到了 "城市发展与减贫 "过程中 a) 与城市政体、政治和政策变化相关联的方式，以及 b) 城市官员战略性使用的方式。我们的研究结果表明，大多数卢旺达解放运动在多个方面产生了政治影响。此外，对政治影响较大的卢旺达解放运动的战略利用尝试尤为明显。
{"title":"Analyzing the political impact of Real-world laboratories for urban transformation in eight German ‘Cities of the Future’","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Real-world laboratories (RwLs) provide research settings to develop and test sustainability solution options and have gained considerable attention in the field of sustainability research since the early 2010s. RwLs, especially those in which urban municipalities are involved as partners, have been linked to promises for fostering sustainable urban development, but they are also critically discussed, e.g., for being used as proof for already doing ‘enough’ in terms of sustainability and citizen participation. However, these assumptions are rarely empirically investigated. This paper applies a traceable methodological approach. We focus on long-term RwL processes in eight German cities, that were all part of the Cities of the Future funding program (2015–2022/23). Based on policy documents provided in city council information systems, we conducted a qualitative content analysis. By applying deductively and inductively developed codes, we capture the ways in which the RwL processes were a) linked to changes in urban polity, politics and policy, and b) strategically used by city officials. Our findings suggest that most of the RwLs had political impacts in several ways. Further, attempts of strategic use were particularly visible for politically highly impactful RwLs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":313,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-11DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103927
The article contributes new thinking on the exclusion and inclusion of Indigenous Peoples in carbon pricing policymaking. Using a Canadian case to draw broader lessons for other countries and make a conceptual contribution, we ask and answer five questions: (1) who is excluded; (2) why does exclusion happen; (3) how does exclusion happen; (4) what does exclusion cause; and (5) how could policymakers enhance inclusion? To inform and answer these questions, we construct a decolonial theoretical framework and use it to guide qualitative analysis and doctrinal legal analysis of original data, including 34 semi-structured interviews and few court decisions, to enhance thinking on exclusion and how to enhance inclusion in carbon pricing policymaking. The thesis is that Indigenous Peoples are externally and internally excluded because of legal and practical problems in policymaking, and this impacts legitimacy, transparency, justice, policy effectiveness and indigenous reconciliation, and should be mitigated by enhancing transparency measures, prioritizing the value of legitimacy over cost efficiency, and, overall, transformationally rethinking policymaking processes. Altogether, our theory-grounded empirical sociolegal study demonstrates key concepts for thinking about Indigenous inclusion and exclusion, extending the extant public participation literature as applicable to climate, natural resource, and environmental law and governance, and other relevant legal and social science fields.
{"title":"Indigenous peoples in carbon pricing policymaking","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103927","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103927","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The article contributes new thinking on the exclusion and inclusion of Indigenous Peoples in carbon pricing policymaking. Using a Canadian case to draw broader lessons for other countries and make a conceptual contribution, we ask and answer five questions: (1) who is excluded; (2) why does exclusion happen; (3) how does exclusion happen; (4) what does exclusion cause; and (5) how could policymakers enhance inclusion? To inform and answer these questions, we construct a decolonial theoretical framework and use it to guide qualitative analysis and doctrinal legal analysis of original data, including 34 semi-structured interviews and few court decisions, to enhance thinking on exclusion and how to enhance inclusion in carbon pricing policymaking. The thesis is that Indigenous Peoples are externally and internally excluded because of legal and practical problems in policymaking, and this impacts legitimacy, transparency, justice, policy effectiveness and indigenous reconciliation, and should be mitigated by enhancing transparency measures, prioritizing the value of legitimacy over cost efficiency, and, overall, transformationally rethinking policymaking processes. Altogether, our theory-grounded empirical sociolegal study demonstrates key concepts for thinking about Indigenous inclusion and exclusion, extending the extant public participation literature as applicable to climate, natural resource, and environmental law and governance, and other relevant legal and social science fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":313,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103920
The foreseen, and already ongoing, substantial increase in offshore renewable energy and corresponding infrastructures urges policymakers and scholars to carefully consider corresponding long-term environmental effects on the marine environment. Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is becoming a standard tool for Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) processes for enabling planners to develop more sustainable marine spatial plans. To explore how SEA can contribute to a more strategic and environmentally-oriented MSP practice, four SEA processes from four North Sea countries are examined, building on available SEA documents and semi-structured interviews. The results show that SEAs for MSP can take an exploratory or appraisal-oriented approach. Adopting an exploratory approach can open up comparatively more opportunities for SEA to contribute to MSP than an adopting an appraisal-oriented approach, but it requires an early initiation of the SEA within the larger planning process. Still, it does not imply that there is one single best method. Rather, the institutional context establishes the conditions for SEA processes to contribute to MSP practice. Particularly, the political pressures and prior sectoral policymaking for offshore renewable energy restrict what can be included in the scope of an SEA. Also, the limited knowledge on the larger dynamics of the marine environment complicate the assessment of transboundary and cumulative effects. Therefore, as future research continues working towards a robust scientific knowledge base on the marine environment, it is crucial that scholars and policymakers collaborate on a structural basis to bridge the gap between science and policy implementation.
{"title":"SEAs for seas: Strategic environmental assessment for more strategic and environmentally-oriented marine spatial planning processes","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103920","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103920","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The foreseen, and already ongoing, substantial increase in offshore renewable energy and corresponding infrastructures urges policymakers and scholars to carefully consider corresponding long-term environmental effects on the marine environment. Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is becoming a standard tool for Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) processes for enabling planners to develop more sustainable marine spatial plans. To explore how SEA can contribute to a more strategic and environmentally-oriented MSP practice, four SEA processes from four North Sea countries are examined, building on available SEA documents and semi-structured interviews. The results show that SEAs for MSP can take an exploratory or appraisal-oriented approach. Adopting an exploratory approach can open up comparatively more opportunities for SEA to contribute to MSP than an adopting an appraisal-oriented approach, but it requires an early initiation of the SEA within the larger planning process. Still, it does not imply that there is one single best method. Rather, the institutional context establishes the conditions for SEA processes to contribute to MSP practice. Particularly, the political pressures and prior sectoral policymaking for offshore renewable energy restrict what can be included in the scope of an SEA. Also, the limited knowledge on the larger dynamics of the marine environment complicate the assessment of transboundary and cumulative effects. Therefore, as future research continues working towards a robust scientific knowledge base on the marine environment, it is crucial that scholars and policymakers collaborate on a structural basis to bridge the gap between science and policy implementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":313,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103924
Media portrayals of climate protesters have predominantly painted climate protesters as deviant and antisocial under the protest paradigm, leading to negative reception from public audiences. However, recent years have seen a shift away from negative media portrayals of (climate) protesters and towards an intergenerational justice framing by depicting more young and female protesters in climate protests under a positive light with agency and power. This study investigated whether this shift in visual framing changes audience responses towards climate change. Using photo-editing, we manipulated the gender of depicted climate protesters from different age groups to compare their impact on audiences; we also compared the effect of presence versus absence of police in protest images. A representative sample of UK participants (N = 542) was recruited online and saw one of 10 images before completing several quantitative measures related to climate change and a qualitative question on emotions. Results showed that negative emotional responses towards climate change were greater when seeing images featuring police and child protestors; the latter was related to either feelings of shame and guilt for having created a climate problem for the future generations, or anger towards child exploitation in climate protests. However, varying the content of protest images did not influence other measures of climate attitudes and behaviours. Our results suggest climate images using an intergenerational justice framing implied by youth protestors may at once imbue these protesters with agency and evoke negative emotional responses to climate change amongst audiences. We discuss implications for strategic use of climate communications to promote public engagement.
{"title":"The Greta Effect: Is there more public support for climate protesters who are young and female?","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Media portrayals of climate protesters have predominantly painted climate protesters as deviant and antisocial under the protest paradigm, leading to negative reception from public audiences. However, recent years have seen a shift away from negative media portrayals of (climate) protesters and towards an intergenerational justice framing by depicting more young and female protesters in climate protests under a positive light with agency and power. This study investigated whether this shift in visual framing changes audience responses towards climate change. Using photo-editing, we manipulated the gender of depicted climate protesters from different age groups to compare their impact on audiences; we also compared the effect of presence versus absence of police in protest images. A representative sample of UK participants (<em>N</em> = 542) was recruited online and saw one of 10 images before completing several quantitative measures related to climate change and a qualitative question on emotions. Results showed that negative emotional responses towards climate change were greater when seeing images featuring police and child protestors; the latter was related to either feelings of shame and guilt for having created a climate problem for the future generations, or anger towards child exploitation in climate protests. However, varying the content of protest images did not influence other measures of climate attitudes and behaviours. Our results suggest climate images using an intergenerational justice framing implied by youth protestors may at once imbue these protesters with agency and evoke negative emotional responses to climate change amongst audiences. We discuss implications for strategic use of climate communications to promote public engagement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":313,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103913
Sustainable development serves as a guiding principle, striving to achieve human development goals while ensuring that natural systems can support essential ecosystem services and resources. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, accepted by all United Nations Member States in 2015, offers a unifying framework for peace and prosperity for people and the planet, both now and in the future. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) include specific targets and indicators, helping to assess a country's progress towards achieving the goals. To evaluate the EU (European Union) countries' alignment with the SDGs, this study develops a group decision-making approach by integrating DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis), MARCOS (Measurements Alternatives and Ranking according to COmpromise Solution), and an optimization model. A DEA is a highly suitable procedure for evaluating the performance of multiple peer entities, often referred to as Decision-making Units (DMUs) or alternatives. On the other hand, the benefits of MARCOS are: (i) it considers both the ideal (ID) and anti-ideal (AID) scenarios and, (ii) it exemplifies the utility degree of each option in association to ID and AID. Lastly, the combination of cross-entropy and divergence measures effectively deal with the information loss occurred during the determining the weights of considered criteria. Therefore, the proposed hybrid model is more sensible and practical. According to the final results, Austria stands out as the top performer among the EU countries in implementing the SDGs and achieving favorable outcomes.
可持续发展是一项指导原则，旨在努力实现人类发展目标，同时确保自然系统能够支持基本的生态系统服务和资源。联合国全体会员国于 2015 年接受的《2030 年可持续发展议程》为人类和地球现在和将来的和平与繁荣提供了一个统一的框架。可持续发展目标（SDGs）包括具体的目标和指标，有助于评估一个国家在实现目标方面取得的进展。为评估欧盟（欧洲联盟）国家与可持续发展目标的一致性，本研究通过整合 DEA（数据包络分析）、MARCOS（根据妥协方案的替代方案和排名）和优化模型，开发了一种群体决策方法。数据包络分析是一种非常适合评估多个同级实体（通常称为决策单元（DMU）或备选方案）绩效的程序。另一方面，MARCOS 的优点在于(i)它同时考虑了理想（ID）和反理想（AID）方案，(ii)它举例说明了与 ID 和 AID 相关的每个方案的效用程度。最后，交叉熵和发散度量的结合有效地处理了在确定所考虑标准的权重时出现的信息损失。因此，所提出的混合模型更加合理和实用。根据最终结果，在欧盟国家中，奥地利在实施可持续发展目标并取得良好成果方面表现突出。
{"title":"An optimization model-based DEA-MARCOS approach for assessing EU countries towards achieving sustainable development goals","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103913","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103913","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainable development serves as a guiding principle, striving to achieve human development goals while ensuring that natural systems can support essential ecosystem services and resources. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, accepted by all United Nations Member States in 2015, offers a unifying framework for peace and prosperity for people and the planet, both now and in the future. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) include specific targets and indicators, helping to assess a country's progress towards achieving the goals. To evaluate the EU (European Union) countries' alignment with the SDGs, this study develops a group decision-making approach by integrating DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis), MARCOS (Measurements Alternatives and Ranking according to COmpromise Solution), and an optimization model. A DEA is a highly suitable procedure for evaluating the performance of multiple peer entities, often referred to as Decision-making Units (DMUs) or alternatives. On the other hand, the benefits of MARCOS are: (i) it considers both the ideal (ID) and anti-ideal (AID) scenarios and, (ii) it exemplifies the utility degree of each option in association to ID and AID. Lastly, the combination of cross-entropy and divergence measures effectively deal with the information loss occurred during the determining the weights of considered criteria. Therefore, the proposed hybrid model is more sensible and practical. According to the final results, Austria stands out as the top performer among the EU countries in implementing the SDGs and achieving favorable outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":313,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-04DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103925
Climate change is driving extreme weather, heat and flooding, which increasingly require evacuations. Recent studies have found inconclusive results on the determinants of evacuation-related decisions and have reported widely varying evacuation rates, especially in high-density areas. We use a large dataset of geotagged evacuation choices in Paris, France (n = 2976) during a flood, to show that while they are rarely addressed, location, social vulnerability, length of residence, and hazard exposure are critical predictors. They can be used to infer the impact of previous experience on evacuation intentions, which is usually difficult to collect at scales relevant to decision-making. We address multiple evacuation choices over time that have previously been overlooked, including gradually self-fueling spontaneous evacuations after observations of peers evacuating or flooding proximity and post-impact evacuation due to infrastructure disruption. Our findings reveal that many people wait until their home is flooded to evacuate. The gap between the initial share of people leaving immediately and the minority refusing to leave in any case even after their housing is flooded gradually fills when considering different evacuation behaviors over time. Such chronology might explain the wide range of evacuation rates reported in the literature. However, people in vulnerable situations and with increased hazard exposure are more likely to declare that they would disregard evacuation instructions. One key implication is that policies aimed at reducing social vulnerability might be more effective than communication campaigns to increase preparedness and support evacuation.
{"title":"Context matters when evacuating large cities: Shifting the focus from individual characteristics to location and social vulnerability","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103925","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103925","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change is driving extreme weather, heat and flooding, which increasingly require evacuations. Recent studies have found inconclusive results on the determinants of evacuation-related decisions and have reported widely varying evacuation rates, especially in high-density areas. We use a large dataset of geotagged evacuation choices in Paris, France (n = 2976) during a flood, to show that while they are rarely addressed, location, social vulnerability, length of residence, and hazard exposure are critical predictors. They can be used to infer the impact of previous experience on evacuation intentions, which is usually difficult to collect at scales relevant to decision-making. We address multiple evacuation choices over time that have previously been overlooked, including gradually self-fueling spontaneous evacuations after observations of peers evacuating or flooding proximity and post-impact evacuation due to infrastructure disruption. Our findings reveal that many people wait until their home is flooded to evacuate. The gap between the initial share of people leaving immediately and the minority refusing to leave in any case even after their housing is flooded gradually fills when considering different evacuation behaviors over time. Such chronology might explain the wide range of evacuation rates reported in the literature. However, people in vulnerable situations and with increased hazard exposure are more likely to declare that they would disregard evacuation instructions. One key implication is that policies aimed at reducing social vulnerability might be more effective than communication campaigns to increase preparedness and support evacuation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":313,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-04DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103921
Brazil is facing a concerning scientific crisis as a result of persistent anti-science campaigns, decreasing support for public universities and pro-environmental policies, exacerbated by investment cuts to scientific agencies. While recent pro-science policies could mitigate some of this damage, the inherited public distrust in science will potentially threaten scientific progress for years to come. Since trust in science is influenced by political ideologies, combating this distrust presents a formidable challenge, demanding a strategy for public engagement and attenuation of the effects of political polarisation on science and technology. Scientific citizenship is essential to improve the way society perceives science and implements science-based policies. Funding a federal citizen science bureau to support participatory initiatives of knowledge production could bring various benefits, including increased public acceptance of science and environment protection, compliance with international agreements and UN goals, as well as higher scientific literacy among the public. It could also recover the failing trust in science, expand support for current and future citizen science initiatives, and improve minorities’ access to scientific collaboration. In summary, it would provide a way to recover the role of science and thereby support public policies in Brazil with global benefits.
{"title":"Public collaboration to improve the future for science in Brazil","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103921","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103921","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brazil is facing a concerning scientific crisis as a result of persistent anti-science campaigns, decreasing support for public universities and pro-environmental policies, exacerbated by investment cuts to scientific agencies. While recent pro-science policies could mitigate some of this damage, the inherited public distrust in science will potentially threaten scientific progress for years to come. Since trust in science is influenced by political ideologies, combating this distrust presents a formidable challenge, demanding a strategy for public engagement and attenuation of the effects of political polarisation on science and technology. Scientific citizenship is essential to improve the way society perceives science and implements science-based policies. Funding a federal citizen science bureau to support participatory initiatives of knowledge production could bring various benefits, including increased public acceptance of science and environment protection, compliance with international agreements and UN goals, as well as higher scientific literacy among the public. It could also recover the failing trust in science, expand support for current and future citizen science initiatives, and improve minorities’ access to scientific collaboration. In summary, it would provide a way to recover the role of science and thereby support public policies in Brazil with global benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":313,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-03DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103914
The production of municipal solid waste (MSW) is driven by socioeconomic development and population growth. In this context, public policymakers, mainly in developing countries, are increasingly focused on ensuring sustainable production and consumption patterns through sustainable management and efficient use of resources. Because of this, we seek to contribute to the effectiveness of public policies and the role of managers in achieving the global Sustainable Development Goals 3, 6, 11, and 12. This study examines the relevance of political and contextual factors on the dynamic efficiency of the network structure of municipal solid waste services in Brazil. We used Dynamic Data Envelopment Analysis with Structure Network to calculate the overall efficiency and specific efficiency of the two proposed divisions: operational and economic. We then analyzed the effects of years in political cycles (pre-election, election year, post-election) and contextual factors (ideology, GDP, density, transfers, political size, and geography) on MSW efficiency using Generalized Estimating Equation. The dataset included longitudinal panel data from 218 MSW from 2012 to 2022. Our results showed an average efficiency score of 57.5 %, with only six MSW positioned on the efficiency frontier. Evidence of stagnation in the sector's productivity was also revealed, undermining the goals and objectives of public policies. The results suggest that the years within political cycles significantly impact sector operator efficiency before, during, and after the electoral period. Specifically, lower levels of efficiency are observed during election years, suggesting potential opportunistic behavior throughout most periods of the electoral cycle. The main contribution of this work lies in its analysis of the different periods of a political cycle, and role of capital and ideological politics in intertemporal efficiency across two divisional networks.
{"title":"Political factors and efficiency in the responsible production of municipal solid waste services: A dynamic DEA with a network structure approach","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103914","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103914","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The production of municipal solid waste (MSW) is driven by socioeconomic development and population growth. In this context, public policymakers, mainly in developing countries, are increasingly focused on ensuring sustainable production and consumption patterns through sustainable management and efficient use of resources. Because of this, we seek to contribute to the effectiveness of public policies and the role of managers in achieving the global Sustainable Development Goals 3, 6, 11, and 12. This study examines the relevance of political and contextual factors on the dynamic efficiency of the network structure of municipal solid waste services in Brazil. We used Dynamic Data Envelopment Analysis with Structure Network to calculate the overall efficiency and specific efficiency of the two proposed divisions: operational and economic. We then analyzed the effects of years in political cycles (pre-election, election year, post-election) and contextual factors (ideology, GDP, density, transfers, political size, and geography) on MSW efficiency using Generalized Estimating Equation. The dataset included longitudinal panel data from 218 MSW from 2012 to 2022. Our results showed an average efficiency score of 57.5 %, with only six MSW positioned on the efficiency frontier. Evidence of stagnation in the sector's productivity was also revealed, undermining the goals and objectives of public policies. The results suggest that the years within political cycles significantly impact sector operator efficiency before, during, and after the electoral period. Specifically, lower levels of efficiency are observed during election years, suggesting potential opportunistic behavior throughout most periods of the electoral cycle. The main contribution of this work lies in its analysis of the different periods of a political cycle, and role of capital and ideological politics in intertemporal efficiency across two divisional networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":313,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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