Environmental Science & Policy最新文献_第10页

Carbon data and its requirements in infrastructure-related GHG standards 碳数据及其在基础设施相关温室气体标准中的要求

IF 4.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Science & Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103935

Jinying Xu , Kristen MacAskill

Accurate carbon data is crucial for informed decision-making to achieve net-zero targets within the next several decades. However, data collection in the infrastructure sector faces significant challenges. Carbon data is either manually collected or extracted from design models, and carbon factors often come from secondary databases with varying boundaries and assumptions. Distributed infrastructure presents complex data management issues throughout its lifecycle, leading to uncertainty in accurately estimating emissions. Despite numerous guidelines and standards emerging since the 1990s, trustworthy data management remains nascent. This paper provides a thematic review of international, European and British standards for carbon data in distributed infrastructure, focusing on data categories, measurement methods, and sources. The standards broadly set out the boundaries of the assessment in terms of emission scopes and categories. While three scopes of emissions are often recognised, many standards do not yet require Scope 3 accounting. Embodied carbon is the current key focus whilst operational carbon is gaining more attention. The lifecycle analysis method is a dominating method for measuring lifecycle embodied emissions. Standards endeavour to direct the user to quality sources of activity data and emission factors; they also emphasise using primary activity data and specific emission factors from reliable sources and accurate measurement methods to enhance data trustworthiness. Developing a standardised carbon data collection methodology with a unified scheme, standard format, clear ontology, streamlined process, and transparent sharing protocol is essential and warrants further research.

准确的碳数据对于在未来几十年内实现净零碳目标的明智决策至关重要。然而，基础设施领域的数据收集工作面临着巨大挑战。碳数据要么是人工收集的，要么是从设计模型中提取的，而碳系数通常来自二级数据库，其边界和假设各不相同。分布式基础设施在其整个生命周期内都面临着复杂的数据管理问题，导致在准确估算排放量方面存在不确定性。尽管自 20 世纪 90 年代以来出现了许多指南和标准，但值得信赖的数据管理仍然刚刚起步。本文对分布式基础设施碳数据的国际、欧洲和英国标准进行了专题回顾，重点关注数据类别、测量方法和来源。这些标准大致规定了排放范围和类别的评估界限。虽然三个排放范围通常得到认可，但许多标准尚未要求范围 3 的核算。体现碳是当前的重点，而运营碳则越来越受关注。生命周期分析法是测量生命周期内含排放量的主要方法。标准致力于引导用户使用高质量的活动数据源和排放因子；标准还强调使用可靠来源的原始活动数据和特定排放因子以及精确的测量方法，以提高数据的可信度。开发具有统一方案、标准格式、清晰本体、简化流程和透明共享协议的标准化碳数据收集方法至关重要，值得进一步研究。

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引用次数: 0

Transforming the food system: Are farmers ready to take phosphorus stewardship action? 改造粮食系统：农民准备好采取磷管理行动了吗？

IF 4.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Science & Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103930

Julia Martin-Ortega , Lukas J. Wolf , Emmanouil Tyllianakis , Aine Anderson , Miller Alonso Camargo-Valero , Dana Cordell , Donnacha G. Doody , Kirsty J. Ross , Brent Jacobs , Shane A. Rothwell , Shervin Shahvi , Erin Sherry , Bryan M. Spears , Paul J.A. Withers

Ensuring global food security while halting ecosystem degradation is arguably one of the most fundamental current challenges. As a key component of fertilisers for which there is no substitute, phosphorus plays a central role in this challenge. Food production systems are critically vulnerable to phosphorus supply disruptions and price spikes, while high phosphorus-inefficiencies drive the greatest global threat to waters through diffuse pollution. Transformation to a more phosphorus sustainable and efficient system inevitably necessitates transition at the farm level, leading to the critical question of whether farmers are ready for such transition. This paper examines the relationship between the farmers’ perceived adaptive capacity and farm-level actions that can enable a positive phosphorus transition. We innovatively apply a second-generation psycho-social mobilisation approach to adaptive capacity (based on personal experience, place attachment, competing concerns, household dynamics, and risk attitudes) and establish its relation to an extended framework of phosphorus stewardship action, using Structural Equation Modelling in a UK-wide survey. Our results confirm that the second-generation approach provides a more nuanced approximation to the understanding of farmers’ adaptive capacity than traditional (first-generation) approaches (five capitals: human, natural, physical, financial, and social), allowing a more dynamic understanding and a more robust assessment of adaptive capacity. Beyond our specific results for the UK (which demonstrate relatively high levels of farmers’ readiness to adapt and promising predisposition to do so, if supported), our research illustrates how this framework can be used to identify priority actions to enhance farmers’ uptake of phosphorus stewardship actions more generally.

确保全球粮食安全，同时遏制生态系统退化，可以说是当前最根本的挑战之一。磷是肥料的关键成分，没有替代品，因此磷在这一挑战中发挥着核心作用。粮食生产系统极易受到磷供应中断和价格飙升的影响，而磷的高利用率则通过扩散污染对全球水域造成最大威胁。向更可持续、更高效的磷系统转型，必然需要在农场层面进行转型，这就提出了一个关键问题：农民是否已为这种转型做好准备。本文研究了农民感知的适应能力与可实现积极磷转型的农场层面行动之间的关系。我们创新性地将第二代社会心理动员方法（基于个人经历、对地方的依恋、相互竞争的关注、家庭动态和风险态度）应用于适应能力，并在英国范围内的调查中使用结构方程建模法建立其与磷管理行动扩展框架之间的关系。我们的结果证实，与传统（第一代）方法（五种资本：人力资本、自然资本、物质资本、金融资本和社会资本）相比，第二代方法为了解农民的适应能力提供了更细致的近似值，从而能够对适应能力进行更动态的了解和更稳健的评估。除了英国的具体结果（表明农民的适应准备程度相对较高，而且如果得到支持，他们很有可能会这样做），我们的研究还说明了如何利用这一框架来确定优先行动，从而在更大范围内提高农民对磷管理行动的接受程度。

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引用次数: 0

Bridging the knowledge-action gap: A framework for co-producing actionable knowledge 缩小知识与行动之间的差距：共同创造可操作知识的框架

IF 4.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Science & Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103929

Aleksi Räsänen , Simo Sarkki , Olli Haanpää , Maria Isolahti , Hanna Kekkonen , Karoliina Kikuchi , Ville Koukkari , Katri Kärkkäinen , Janne Miettinen , Erkki Mäntymaa , Mika Nieminen , Riina Rahkila , Anna Ruohonen , Sakari Sarkkola , Matti Välimäki , Kaisa Yliperttula , Hannu I. Heikkinen

Rapidly increasing knowledge on environmental problems and their potential solutions is underused by policy and practice. This mismatch constitutes a knowledge-action gap. To bridge the gap, the concept of actionable knowledge has been proposed, which is often understood as outputs, data, policy briefs, or other types of products. We instead propose to understand actionable knowledge as a process that has (1) cumulative and stepwise, (2) iterative and cyclical, and (3) coevolutionary characteristics. These characteristics are often considered in isolation or even to be in contradiction with each other. We integrate these three characteristics in an analysis of transdisciplinary project developing a catchment-scale land use roadmap and catchment coordination in the Kiiminkijoki river catchment, northern Finland. Our analysis is based on four general phases in a knowledge co-production process (making sense together, knowledge validation, usable outputs, boundary spanning), which are concretized through nine practical steps. We find that collection, analysis, and usage of the knowledge has been even more important for action than the final output (i.e., the roadmap). Furthermore, the process of actionable knowledge does not end with the project but continues with negotiations to establish a catchment coordinator position. Our major finding is that there is no single point in time during a transdisciplinary project to bridge the knowledge–action gap but multiple planned and surprising opportunities emerge during the process. Overall, our approach contributes to advance sustainability transformations in catchment management and governance by understanding how transdisciplinary projects can initiate and are a part of evolving knowledge-action processes.

有关环境问题及其潜在解决方案的知识迅速增加，但政策和实践却没有充分利用这些知识。这种不匹配构成了知识与行动之间的差距。为了弥补这一差距，人们提出了可操作知识的概念，通常将其理解为产出、数据、政策简报或其他类型的产品。相反，我们建议将可操作知识理解为一个过程，它具有（1）累积性和逐步性，（2）迭代性和循环性，以及（3）共同进化性。这些特征通常被孤立地看待，甚至相互矛盾。我们在对芬兰北部基米金乔基河集水区跨学科项目进行分析时，综合考虑了这三个特点，制定了集水区土地利用路线图，并对集水区进行了协调。我们的分析基于知识共同生产过程中的四个一般阶段（共同理解、知识验证、可用产出、跨越边界），并通过九个实际步骤将其具体化。我们发现，对于行动而言，知识的收集、分析和使用甚至比最终产出（即路线图）更为重要。此外，可操作知识的过程并没有随着项目的结束而结束，而是随着设立集水区协调员职位的谈判而继续。我们的主要发现是，在跨学科项目过程中，没有一个单一的时间点可以弥合知识与行动之间的差距，但在这一过程中会出现多个有计划的、令人惊喜的机会。总之，我们的方法有助于通过了解跨学科项目如何启动并成为不断发展的知识-行动过程的一部分，推动集水区管理和治理的可持续性转型。

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引用次数: 0

Leverage points for improving urban biodiversity conservation in the Anthropocene: A novel ecosystem lens for social-ecological transformation 人类世改善城市生物多样性保护的杠杆点：社会生态转型的新生态系统视角

IF 4.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Science & Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103926

Melissa Pineda-Pinto , Christopher Kennedy , Fiona Nulty , Marcus Collier

Environmental governance faces persistent challenges worldwide, with traditional conservation and restoration policies often proving ineffective against ongoing environmental degradation and biodiversity loss. This is driven largely by complex regulatory procedures and an outdated understanding of ecosystem dynamics and change which often fail to effectively engage stakeholders or acknowledge the emergence and value of disturbed or novel ecosystems. This paper advocates for a paradigm shift in conventional environmental policy in the Global North to embrace ecological novelty and reevaluate conservation strategies, particularly within urban contexts. Drawing on case studies from Ireland, Australia, and the United States, it examines existing environmental legislation and identifies critical leverage points for transformative change utilizing a systems thinking and multispecies justice perspective. The findings highlight cross-cutting themes, similarities and differences across regions. We conclude with recommendations for alternative approaches to biodiversity conservation that account for the global redistribution of species and the prevalence of novel ecosystems. This may enable policymakers, practitioners and other stakeholders to envision more flexible, nimble, and adaptive policy frameworks that strive toward mutual flourishing and address the evolving challenges of the Anthropocene.

环境治理在全球范围内面临着持续的挑战，传统的保护和恢复政策往往无法有效地应对持续的环境退化和生物多样性丧失。造成这种情况的主要原因是复杂的监管程序以及对生态系统动态和变化的过时理解，这些因素往往无法有效地吸引利益相关者的参与，也无法承认受干扰或新型生态系统的出现和价值。本文主张转变全球北方地区的传统环境政策模式，接受生态新颖性并重新评估保护战略，尤其是在城市环境中。通过对爱尔兰、澳大利亚和美国的案例研究，本文研究了现有的环境立法，并从系统思维和多物种正义的角度出发，确定了转型变革的关键杠杆点。研究结果突出了跨领域主题以及各地区之间的异同。最后，我们就生物多样性保护的替代方法提出了建议，这些方法考虑到了全球物种的重新分布和新型生态系统的普遍存在。这将使政策制定者、实践者和其他利益相关者能够设想出更加灵活、敏捷和适应性更强的政策框架，努力实现共同繁荣，应对人类世不断变化的挑战。

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引用次数: 0

Weaponization of climate and environment crises: Risks, realities, and consequences 气候和环境危机武器化：风险、现实和后果

IF 4.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Science & Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103928

Quan-Hoang Vuong , Viet-Phuong La , Minh-Hoang Nguyen

The importance of addressing the existential threat to humanity, climate change, has grown remarkedly in recent years while conflicting views and interests in societies exist. Therefore, climate change agendas have been weaponized to varying degrees, ranging from the international level between countries to the domestic level among political parties. In such contexts, climate change agendas are predominantly driven by political or economic ambitions, sometimes unconnected to concerns for environmental sustainability. Consequently, it can result in an environment that fosters antagonism and disputes over power and position and increases the risk of prolonged confrontations, hindering the collective global efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change. Through the current discourse, we aim to provide a preliminary definition of the weaponization of climate change and environmental sustainability and examine its risks and consequences on international relations, political dynamics, public perception, and the comprehensive integrity of climate action. We also recommend embracing a globally coordinated, scientifically substantiated approach to circumvent climate change by building an eco-surplus cultural value system.

近年来，应对气候变化这一人类生存威胁的重要性显著增加，而社会中存在着各种观点和利益冲突。因此，气候变化议程在不同程度上被武器化了，从国际层面的国家之间到国内层面的政党之间都是如此。在这种情况下，气候变化议程主要受到政治或经济野心的驱动，有时与对环境可持续性的关注无关。因此，这种环境会助长对立情绪以及权力和地位争端，增加长期对抗的风险，阻碍全球为减缓和适应气候变化所做的集体努力。通过目前的讨论，我们旨在提供气候变化和环境可持续性武器化的初步定义，并研究其对国际关系、政治动态、公众认知和气候行动的全面完整性的风险和后果。我们还建议通过建立生态盈余文化价值体系，采取一种全球协调、有科学依据的方法来规避气候变化。

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引用次数: 0

Local content policies: Knowledge stock and future directions for research and policy making in view of the sustainability agenda 本地内容政策：从可持续性议程的角度看研究和决策的知识储备和未来方向

IF 4.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Science & Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103919

Stella Tsani , Chrysoula Chitou , Indra Overland

Local content policies (LCPs) aim to create opportunities for employment and economic development, and to shield from the “resource curse” and enclave extractivism. LCPs are of ongoing policy interest in resource-rich countries and, more recently, have attracted attention in countries attempting to develop their renewable energy sources. The sustainable development agenda set by the global and regional initiatives, such as the United Nations’ 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Paris Agreement, call for a fresh look at the targets and priorities set by LCPs, e.g., extend to environmental and/or climate change action targets. This article aims to connect in a meaningful way the scientific knowledge on LCPs and evidence-based policy making with the sustainability agenda imperatives. The target is met with the: i) completion of a systematic state-of-the-art literature review and bibliometric analysis to assess and synthesize the accumulated stock of knowledge on LCPs and ii) SDGs mapping onto the LCPs. Τhe review identifies the core approaches and LCPs' assessment outcomes, indicating the plethora of findings. Results show that the relationship between LCPs and the sustainability agenda has not yet been properly analyzed in the literature, identifying thus a gap between research and contemporary policy making. The research community should be proactive: rather than just assessing LCPs' implementation, it should propose alternatives and updates to LCPs in line with the sustainability agenda. The article contributes to this direction by mapping the SDGs onto the LCPs, suggesting ways to advance research in this field and to support evidence-based policy making.

本地含量政策（LCPs）旨在为就业和经济发展创造机会，避免 "资源诅咒 "和飞地采掘主义。当地含量政策在资源丰富的国家一直受到政策关注，最近在试图开发可再生能源的国家也引起了关注。联合国 17 个可持续发展目标（SDGs）和《巴黎协定》等全球和地区倡议所制定的可持续发展议程要求我们重新审视低碳发展政策所制定的目标和优先事项，例如，扩展到环境和/或气候变化行动目标。本文旨在以一种有意义的方式，将有关低碳发展目标的科学知识和基于证据的政策制定与可持续发展议程的当务之急联系起来。目标是：i) 完成系统的最新文献综述和文献计量分析，以评估和综合积累的有关低碳发展目标的知识；ii) 将可持续发展目标映射到低碳发展目标。该综述确定了核心方法和 LCPs 评估结果，指出了大量研究结果。研究结果表明，文献中尚未对地方优先事项与可持续发展议程之间的关系进行适当分析，因此在研究与当代政策制定之间存在差距。研究界应采取积极主动的态度：不仅要评估地方合作方案的实施情况，还应根据可持续性议程提出地方合作方案的替代方案和更新方案。这篇文章通过将可持续发展目标映射到长期合作计划中，提出了推进该领域研究和支持循证决策的方法，从而为这一方向做出了贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Analyzing the political impact of Real-world laboratories for urban transformation in eight German ‘Cities of the Future’ 分析德国八个 "未来城市 "中城市转型真实世界实验室的政治影响

IF 4.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Science & Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103923

Teresa Kampfmann , Daniel J. Lang , Annika Weiser

Real-world laboratories (RwLs) provide research settings to develop and test sustainability solution options and have gained considerable attention in the field of sustainability research since the early 2010s. RwLs, especially those in which urban municipalities are involved as partners, have been linked to promises for fostering sustainable urban development, but they are also critically discussed, e.g., for being used as proof for already doing ‘enough’ in terms of sustainability and citizen participation. However, these assumptions are rarely empirically investigated. This paper applies a traceable methodological approach. We focus on long-term RwL processes in eight German cities, that were all part of the Cities of the Future funding program (2015–2022/23). Based on policy documents provided in city council information systems, we conducted a qualitative content analysis. By applying deductively and inductively developed codes, we capture the ways in which the RwL processes were a) linked to changes in urban polity, politics and policy, and b) strategically used by city officials. Our findings suggest that most of the RwLs had political impacts in several ways. Further, attempts of strategic use were particularly visible for politically highly impactful RwLs.

真实世界实验室（RwLs）为开发和测试可持续发展解决方案提供了研究环境，自 2010 年代初以来在可持续发展研究领域获得了广泛关注。真实世界实验室，尤其是城市市政当局作为合作伙伴参与的真实世界实验室，与促进城市可持续发展的承诺联系在一起，但它们也受到了批评，例如被用作在可持续性和公民参与方面已经做得 "足够 "的证明。然而，这些假设很少经过实证调查。本文采用了一种可追溯的方法论。我们将重点放在德国八个城市的长期鲁汶工程（RwL）进程上，这些城市都是 "未来城市 "资助项目（2015-2022/23）的一部分。根据市议会信息系统提供的政策文件，我们进行了定性内容分析。通过应用演绎法和归纳法编制的代码，我们捕捉到了 "城市发展与减贫 "过程中 a) 与城市政体、政治和政策变化相关联的方式，以及 b) 城市官员战略性使用的方式。我们的研究结果表明，大多数卢旺达解放运动在多个方面产生了政治影响。此外，对政治影响较大的卢旺达解放运动的战略利用尝试尤为明显。

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引用次数: 0

Indigenous peoples in carbon pricing policymaking 土著人民参与碳定价决策

IF 4.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Science & Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103927

Ignatius Kobbina Yankey , Temitope Tunbi Onifade , Gabriela Sabau

The article contributes new thinking on the exclusion and inclusion of Indigenous Peoples in carbon pricing policymaking. Using a Canadian case to draw broader lessons for other countries and make a conceptual contribution, we ask and answer five questions: (1) who is excluded; (2) why does exclusion happen; (3) how does exclusion happen; (4) what does exclusion cause; and (5) how could policymakers enhance inclusion? To inform and answer these questions, we construct a decolonial theoretical framework and use it to guide qualitative analysis and doctrinal legal analysis of original data, including 34 semi-structured interviews and few court decisions, to enhance thinking on exclusion and how to enhance inclusion in carbon pricing policymaking. The thesis is that Indigenous Peoples are externally and internally excluded because of legal and practical problems in policymaking, and this impacts legitimacy, transparency, justice, policy effectiveness and indigenous reconciliation, and should be mitigated by enhancing transparency measures, prioritizing the value of legitimacy over cost efficiency, and, overall, transformationally rethinking policymaking processes. Altogether, our theory-grounded empirical sociolegal study demonstrates key concepts for thinking about Indigenous inclusion and exclusion, extending the extant public participation literature as applicable to climate, natural resource, and environmental law and governance, and other relevant legal and social science fields.

文章对碳定价决策中土著居民的排斥和包容问题提出了新的思考。通过加拿大的案例，我们提出并回答了五个问题：(1) 谁被排除在外；(2) 为什么会发生排除；(3) 如何发生排除；(4) 排除的原因是什么；(5) 政策制定者如何增强包容性？为了提供信息并回答这些问题，我们构建了一个非殖民主义理论框架，并用它指导对原始数据（包括 34 个半结构式访谈和少数法院判决）的定性分析和理论法律分析，以加强对碳定价决策中的排斥和如何加强包容性的思考。我们的论点是，由于政策制定中的法律和实际问题，土著居民受到外部和内部排斥，这影响了合法性、透明度、公正性、政策有效性和土著和解，应通过加强透明度措施、优先考虑合法性价值而非成本效益，以及从整体上对政策制定过程进行变革性反思来加以缓解。总之，我们以理论为基础的实证社会法律研究展示了思考土著包容和排斥的关键概念，扩展了现有的公众参与文献，使其适用于气候、自然资源、环境法律和治理，以及其他相关的法律和社会科学领域。

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引用次数: 0

SEAs for seas: Strategic environmental assessment for more strategic and environmentally-oriented marine spatial planning processes 海洋的战略环境评估：为更具战略性和更注重环境的海洋空间规划进程开展战略环境评估

IF 4.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Science & Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103920

Juul E.H. Kusters, Ferry M.G. van Kann, Christian Zuidema, Jos Arts

The foreseen, and already ongoing, substantial increase in offshore renewable energy and corresponding infrastructures urges policymakers and scholars to carefully consider corresponding long-term environmental effects on the marine environment. Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is becoming a standard tool for Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) processes for enabling planners to develop more sustainable marine spatial plans. To explore how SEA can contribute to a more strategic and environmentally-oriented MSP practice, four SEA processes from four North Sea countries are examined, building on available SEA documents and semi-structured interviews. The results show that SEAs for MSP can take an exploratory or appraisal-oriented approach. Adopting an exploratory approach can open up comparatively more opportunities for SEA to contribute to MSP than an adopting an appraisal-oriented approach, but it requires an early initiation of the SEA within the larger planning process. Still, it does not imply that there is one single best method. Rather, the institutional context establishes the conditions for SEA processes to contribute to MSP practice. Particularly, the political pressures and prior sectoral policymaking for offshore renewable energy restrict what can be included in the scope of an SEA. Also, the limited knowledge on the larger dynamics of the marine environment complicate the assessment of transboundary and cumulative effects. Therefore, as future research continues working towards a robust scientific knowledge base on the marine environment, it is crucial that scholars and policymakers collaborate on a structural basis to bridge the gap between science and policy implementation.

可预见的以及正在进行的海上可再生能源和相应基础设施的大量增加，敦促决策者和学者认真考虑对海洋环境的长期环境影响。战略环境评估（SEA）正在成为海洋空间规划（MSP）过程中的标准工具，使规划者能够制定更具可持续性的海洋空间规划。为了探索 SEA 如何有助于更具战略性和以环境为导向的 MSP 实践，我们以现有的 SEA 文件和半结构式访谈为基础，对北海四个国家的四个 SEA 流程进行了研究。研究结果表明，针对中等规模项目的 SEA 可以采用探索性或评估性方法。与采用评估导向的方法相比，采用探索性的方法可以为 SEA 提供更多的机会，为 MSP 做出贡献，但这需要在更大的规划过程中尽早启动 SEA。但这并不意味着只有一种最佳方法。恰恰相反，制度环境为 SEA 过程促进 MSP 实践创造了条件。特别是，政治压力和先前的海上可再生能源部门决策限制了 SEA 的范围。此外，对海洋环境更大动态的了解有限，也使跨界和累积效应的评估变得更加复杂。因此，随着未来的研究继续致力于建立一个强大的海洋环境科学知识库，学者和决策者必须开展结构性合作，以弥合科学与政策实施之间的差距。

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引用次数: 0

The Greta Effect: Is there more public support for climate protesters who are young and female? 葛丽泰效应：公众是否更支持年轻女性气候抗议者？

IF 4.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Science & Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103924

Yu Shuang Gan , Sylvia Hayes , Lorraine Whitmarsh

Media portrayals of climate protesters have predominantly painted climate protesters as deviant and antisocial under the protest paradigm, leading to negative reception from public audiences. However, recent years have seen a shift away from negative media portrayals of (climate) protesters and towards an intergenerational justice framing by depicting more young and female protesters in climate protests under a positive light with agency and power. This study investigated whether this shift in visual framing changes audience responses towards climate change. Using photo-editing, we manipulated the gender of depicted climate protesters from different age groups to compare their impact on audiences; we also compared the effect of presence versus absence of police in protest images. A representative sample of UK participants (N = 542) was recruited online and saw one of 10 images before completing several quantitative measures related to climate change and a qualitative question on emotions. Results showed that negative emotional responses towards climate change were greater when seeing images featuring police and child protestors; the latter was related to either feelings of shame and guilt for having created a climate problem for the future generations, or anger towards child exploitation in climate protests. However, varying the content of protest images did not influence other measures of climate attitudes and behaviours. Our results suggest climate images using an intergenerational justice framing implied by youth protestors may at once imbue these protesters with agency and evoke negative emotional responses to climate change amongst audiences. We discuss implications for strategic use of climate communications to promote public engagement.

媒体对气候抗议者的描述主要是在抗议范式下将气候抗议者描绘成离经叛道和反社会的人，导致公众受众的负面反应。然而，近年来媒体对（气候）抗议者的描述已从负面转向代际正义框架，将气候抗议活动中更多的年轻女性抗议者描绘成具有能动性和力量的正面形象。本研究调查了这种视觉框架的转变是否会改变受众对气候变化的反应。通过照片编辑，我们对不同年龄段的气候抗议者的性别进行了处理，以比较他们对受众的影响；我们还比较了抗议图像中警察出现与缺席的影响。我们在网上招募了具有代表性的英国参与者（542 人），他们观看了 10 张图片中的一张，然后完成了与气候变化有关的几项定量测量和一个关于情绪的定性问题。结果显示，当看到以警察和儿童抗议者为主角的图片时，人们对气候变化的负面情绪反应更大；后者与为子孙后代制造气候问题的羞耻感和内疚感有关，或者与对气候抗议活动中剥削儿童的行为感到愤怒有关。然而，抗议图像内容的变化并不影响气候态度和行为的其他测量指标。我们的研究结果表明，使用青年抗议者所暗示的代际正义框架的气候图像可能会同时赋予这些抗议者能动性，并唤起受众对气候变化的负面情绪反应。我们讨论了战略性使用气候传播促进公众参与的意义。

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引用次数: 0