European Polymer Journal最新文献

英文中文

Recent advances in composite materials integrating molecularly imprinted polymers for targeted drug delivery systems

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113825

Wenjun Guo , Jinyu Ji , Yingying Shi , Na Li , Zechen Yan , Qiuzheng Du

Molecular imprinting technology (MIT) is a method for creating molecular locks that complement specific molecular bonds. This technology yields molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), which feature specific binding sites that emulate interactions observed in enzyme-substrate or antigen–antibody binding. The distinctive recognition specificity, structural predictability, and high stability of MIPs have positioned them as key areas of interest within drug delivery systems (DDS). Here, we comprehensively review the recent advancements in composite materials integrating MIPs for DDS (MIPs-DDS). Firstly, we provide a brief introduction to MIPs based on the types of forces acting between templates and functional monomers, then classify and introduce MIPs-DDS based on the types of doped nanomaterials, including metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), quantum dots (QDs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), siloxane, up-conversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), metallic nanoclusters and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). We then delve into the delivery modes and release mechanisms of MIPs-DDS, encompassing factors such as pH, light response, temperature, magnetic response, glutathione, and multi-responsive mechanisms. Additionally, we emphasized the application of MIPs-DDS in cancer, diabetes, eye diseases and other diseases, as well as in the selection and delivery of stereoisomeric drugs. Finally, we outline the existing challenges and future perspectives for MIPs-DDS, aiming to accelerate the development of MIT and facilitate the creation of innovative multifunctional DDS for diverse applications.

{"title":"Recent advances in composite materials integrating molecularly imprinted polymers for targeted drug delivery systems","authors":"Wenjun Guo , Jinyu Ji , Yingying Shi , Na Li , Zechen Yan , Qiuzheng Du","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113825","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113825","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Molecular imprinting technology (MIT) is a method for creating molecular locks that complement specific molecular bonds. This technology yields molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), which feature specific binding sites that emulate interactions observed in enzyme-substrate or antigen–antibody binding. The distinctive recognition specificity, structural predictability, and high stability of MIPs have positioned them as key areas of interest within drug delivery systems (DDS). Here, we comprehensively review the recent advancements in composite materials integrating MIPs for DDS (MIPs-DDS). Firstly, we provide a brief introduction to MIPs based on the types of forces acting between templates and functional monomers, then classify and introduce MIPs-DDS based on the types of doped nanomaterials, including metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), quantum dots (QDs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), siloxane, up-conversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), metallic nanoclusters and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). We then delve into the delivery modes and release mechanisms of MIPs-DDS, encompassing factors such as pH, light response, temperature, magnetic response, glutathione, and multi-responsive mechanisms. Additionally, we emphasized the application of MIPs-DDS in cancer, diabetes, eye diseases and other diseases, as well as in the selection and delivery of stereoisomeric drugs. Finally, we outline the existing challenges and future perspectives for MIPs-DDS, aiming to accelerate the development of MIT and facilitate the creation of innovative multifunctional DDS for diverse applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 113825"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143444334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Oxidation-responsive phenylboronate-bridged block copolymer for targeted cancer drug delivery

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113784

Hanchen Ding , Shiqun Shao , Youqing Shen , Jiajia Xiang

Nanomedicine has revolutionized cancer therapy by improving targeted drug delivery while mitigating systemic side effects. An effective delivery system must maintain stability in physiological environments while enabling precise and rapid drug release in tumors. The primary challenge lies in designing nanocarriers that are responsive to tumor-specific stimuli. Here, we introduce a novel amphiphilic block copolymer, PEG-Blink-PCL, featuring a phenylboronic ester linker that selectively degrades, responding to reactive oxygen species (ROS), allowing for controlled, site-specific drug release. Our study demonstrates that DOX-loaded PEG-Blink-PCL micelles (B/DOX-M) exhibit excellent stability in the bloodstream yet quickly shed their PEG corona upon exposure to elevated ROS levels, leading to micelle disassembly and efficient DOX release in tumors. This ROS-triggered “shell-removal” strategy significantly augments tumor inhibition while minimizing systemic toxicity in the MDA-MB-231 tumor model. Overall, this study highlights the potential of ROS-responsive PEG-Blink-PCL as a promising platform for effective and precise cancer drug delivery.

{"title":"Oxidation-responsive phenylboronate-bridged block copolymer for targeted cancer drug delivery","authors":"Hanchen Ding , Shiqun Shao , Youqing Shen , Jiajia Xiang","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113784","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113784","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanomedicine has revolutionized cancer therapy by improving targeted drug delivery while mitigating systemic side effects. An effective delivery system must maintain stability in physiological environments while enabling precise and rapid drug release in tumors. The primary challenge lies in designing nanocarriers that are responsive to tumor-specific stimuli. Here, we introduce a novel amphiphilic block copolymer, PEG-Blink-PCL, featuring a phenylboronic ester linker that selectively degrades, responding to reactive oxygen species (ROS), allowing for controlled, site-specific drug release. Our study demonstrates that DOX-loaded PEG-Blink-PCL micelles (B/DOX-M) exhibit excellent stability in the bloodstream yet quickly shed their PEG corona upon exposure to elevated ROS levels, leading to micelle disassembly and efficient DOX release in tumors. This ROS-triggered “shell-removal” strategy significantly augments tumor inhibition while minimizing systemic toxicity in the MDA-MB-231 tumor model. Overall, this study highlights the potential of ROS-responsive PEG-Blink-PCL as a promising platform for effective and precise cancer drug delivery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 113784"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ivy-like electrospun block copolymer fibers supported polymer solid electrolytes with wide electrochemical stability window for all-solid-state Li-metal battery

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113808

Shanshan Gao , Wenshuo Wang , Dayang Yu , Pengju Pan , Yongzhong Bao

All-solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs) are considered as next-generation energy storage devices due to their high specific energy density and safety, and solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are an important component of ASSLMBs. Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) is the most prevalent matrix of SPE but is criticized for its poor mechanical properties and a narrow electrochemical stability window. To address this issue, poly(vinylidene fluoride)-b-poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PVDF-b-PPEGMA) copolymer fibers with an ivy-like morphology were prepared by electrospinning and used to support PEO/lithium salt electrolytes. The electrospun PVDF-b-PPEGMA copolymer fiber membrane provides an uncial hierarchical structure with large pore size, good compatibility and adhesion with PEO due to side ethylene oxide units in the PPEGMA segment. The ivy-like fibers supported SPE exhibited good thermal stability and high mechanical strength. Furthermore, ASSLMBs assembled using the above SPE, LiFePO₄ cathode, and lithium metal anode possessed a wide electrochemical stable window (5.58 V vs. Li/Li⁺) and good initial discharge capabilities at 60 °C.

{"title":"Ivy-like electrospun block copolymer fibers supported polymer solid electrolytes with wide electrochemical stability window for all-solid-state Li-metal battery","authors":"Shanshan Gao , Wenshuo Wang , Dayang Yu , Pengju Pan , Yongzhong Bao","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113808","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113808","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>All-solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs) are considered as next-generation energy storage devices due to their high specific energy density and safety, and solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are an important component of ASSLMBs. Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) is the most prevalent matrix of SPE but is criticized for its poor mechanical properties and a narrow electrochemical stability window. To address this issue, poly(vinylidene fluoride)-<em>b-</em>poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PVDF-<em>b-</em>PPEGMA) copolymer fibers with an ivy-like morphology were prepared by electrospinning and used to support PEO/lithium salt electrolytes. The electrospun PVDF-<em>b-</em>PPEGMA copolymer fiber membrane provides an uncial hierarchical structure with large pore size, good compatibility and adhesion with PEO due to side ethylene oxide units in the PPEGMA segment. The ivy-like fibers supported SPE exhibited good thermal stability and high mechanical strength. Furthermore, ASSLMBs assembled using the above SPE, LiFePO<sub>4</sub> cathode, and lithium metal anode possessed a wide electrochemical stable window (5.58 V vs. Li/Li<sup>+</sup>) and good initial discharge capabilities at 60 °C.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 113808"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Polyurethane hot-melt adhesives for strong and tough adhesion

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113814

Jinxing Shi , Xuewei Li , Axiang Li , Haixia Wei , Enyang Zhang , Wangqing Zhang

With the features of easy-operation, fast-bonding and convenient recycling, thermoplastic polyurethane hot-melt adhesives are widely used in daily life and industry. However, thermoplastic polyurethane hot-melt adhesives face the deficiency of poor adhesion strength. Herein, we demonstrate a thermoplastic polyurethane hot-melt adhesive with high adhesion strength on a variety of substrates including metals and plastics under moderate operation conditions. Ascribed to the synergistic effect of the furan moieties in the backbone and the 2-ureido-4-pyrimidinone moieties in the side-chains, the synthesized polyurethane hot-melt adhesive realizes a high adhesion strength of 12.63 MPa. Meanwhile, this adhesive can maintain about 89% original adhesion strength after five recycling use. Besides, such adhesive has favorable tolerance to harsh conditions such as diverse liquids at extremely low temperature of −196 °C. It is expected that this polyurethane hot-melt adhesive has promising application.

引用次数: 0

Synthesis and characterization of aromatic polyketones and polyetherketones derived from divanillic acid via Friedel–Crafts acylation

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113823

Takaaki Kamishima , Kouji Inagaki , Akira Nukazuka , Tadahisa Iwata , Yukiko Enomoto

The present paper describes the synthesis and characterization of aromatic polyketones (PKs) and polyetherketones (PEKs) derived from divanillic acid (DVA) via Friedel–Crafts acylation. Various alkyl side-chains with carbon numbers of 2–8 were introduced into the hydroxyl groups of DVA units. Polyketones (PKs) were synthesized from DVA monomers and 2,2′-dimethoxybiphenyl, and polyetherketones (PEKs and PEKOMes; PEKOMes = polyetherketones with methoxy groups) were synthesized from DVA monomers and diphenylether and 3,3′-oxybis(methoxybenzene), respectively. Unexpectedly, some alkyl side-chains were eliminated during polymerization under Friedel–Crafts conditions in a polar solvent, and elimination was suppressed in a non-polar solvent. Longer alkyl side-chains were eliminated more easily. The molecular weights of the PKs, PEKs, and PEKOMes were 12.5–32.7 × 10³, 4.1–6.3 × 10³, and 10.6–15.3 × 10³ g/mol, respectively. DVA-based PKs and PEKs with relatively high molecular weights compared with those obtained by the previously reported method were obtained via Friedel–Crafts acylation. The aryl comonomers with methoxy moieties produced polymers with higher molecular weights, likely owing to their electron-donating properties. These polymers were all amorphous; their glass transition temperatures were 181–252 °C (PKs), 105–152 °C (PEKs), and 149–218 °C (PEKOMes).

{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of aromatic polyketones and polyetherketones derived from divanillic acid via Friedel–Crafts acylation","authors":"Takaaki Kamishima , Kouji Inagaki , Akira Nukazuka , Tadahisa Iwata , Yukiko Enomoto","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113823","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113823","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present paper describes the synthesis and characterization of aromatic polyketones (PKs) and polyetherketones (PEKs) derived from divanillic acid (DVA) <em>via</em> Friedel–Crafts acylation. Various alkyl side-chains with carbon numbers of 2–8 were introduced into the hydroxyl groups of DVA units. Polyketones (PKs) were synthesized from DVA monomers and 2,2′-dimethoxybiphenyl, and polyetherketones (PEKs and PEKOMes; PEKOMes = polyetherketones with methoxy groups) were synthesized from DVA monomers and diphenylether and 3,3′-oxybis(methoxybenzene), respectively. Unexpectedly, some alkyl side-chains were eliminated during polymerization under Friedel–Crafts conditions in a polar solvent, and elimination was suppressed in a non-polar solvent. Longer alkyl side-chains were eliminated more easily. The molecular weights of the PKs, PEKs, and PEKOMes were 12.5–32.7 × 10<sup>3</sup>, 4.1–6.3 × 10<sup>3</sup>, and 10.6–15.3 × 10<sup>3</sup> g/mol, respectively. DVA-based PKs and PEKs with relatively high molecular weights compared with those obtained by the previously reported method were obtained via Friedel–Crafts acylation. The aryl comonomers with methoxy moieties produced polymers with higher molecular weights, likely owing to their electron-donating properties. These polymers were all amorphous; their glass transition temperatures were 181–252 °C (PKs), 105–152 °C (PEKs), and 149–218 °C (PEKOMes).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 113823"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correlation of molecular weight diversity and colloidal disability performance of anionic lignin derived polymer

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113820

Farzad Gholami , Weijue Gao , Ehsan Behzadfar , Pedram Fatehi

Polymerization is considered one of the valorization techniques of lignin for various applications. Generally, polymerization techniques affect the molecular structure of polymers. In this work, we evaluated a hypothesis that the polymerization strategy and, thus, the molecular weight distribution of lignin-derived polymers would impact their effectiveness as a colloidal disability agent (i.e., flocculant) for a suspension system. To achieve our goal, different lignin-polymethacrylic acid (PMAA) polymers were synthesized via free radical polymerization (FRP) and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) techniques. The experiments were designed such that two sets of polymers with different molecular polydispersities but similar average molecular weights, charge densities, radii of gyration, and hydrodynamic diameters were obtained. Both systems developed colloidal destabilization mainly via bridging phenomenon. The flocculation performance of the ATRP-synthesized samples with narrower molecular weight distribution was notably better than that of FRP-induced samples. The rheological and flocculation analyses under different shear rates confirmed that the ATRP-induced sample promoted the entanglement of particles and had a higher flocculation efficiency. The flocculant prepared using the ATRP technique demonstrated a significantly lower optimal dosage, requiring only 0.4 mg per gram, compared to 25.6 mg per gram for the samples produced using the FRP method. Also, this sample produced stronger flocs with more re-flocculation tendency under different shear rates, while it generated larger flocs under stirring conditions. Such ATRP-derived flocs had an average chord length of approximately 60 μm, and those of FRP-based ones had a 30 μm chord length, while both FRP and ATRP polymers had 500 Da molecular weight. The results of this work confirmed that, while lignin-derived polymers can be an effective flocculant, strategies must be taken into account for generating lignin-derived polymers with a controlled and preferably narrow molecular weight distribution.

{"title":"Correlation of molecular weight diversity and colloidal disability performance of anionic lignin derived polymer","authors":"Farzad Gholami , Weijue Gao , Ehsan Behzadfar , Pedram Fatehi","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113820","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113820","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polymerization is considered one of the valorization techniques of lignin for various applications. Generally, polymerization techniques affect the molecular structure of polymers. In this work, we evaluated a hypothesis that the polymerization strategy and, thus, the molecular weight distribution of lignin-derived polymers would impact their effectiveness as a colloidal disability agent (i.e., flocculant) for a suspension system. To achieve our goal, different lignin-polymethacrylic acid (PMAA) polymers were synthesized via free radical polymerization (FRP) and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) techniques. The experiments were designed such that two sets of polymers with different molecular polydispersities but similar average molecular weights, charge densities, radii of gyration, and hydrodynamic diameters were obtained. Both systems developed colloidal destabilization mainly via bridging phenomenon. The flocculation performance of the ATRP-synthesized samples with narrower molecular weight distribution was notably better than that of FRP-induced samples. The rheological and flocculation analyses under different shear rates confirmed that the ATRP-induced sample promoted the entanglement of particles and had a higher flocculation efficiency. The flocculant prepared using the ATRP technique demonstrated a significantly lower optimal dosage, requiring only 0.4 mg per gram, compared to 25.6 mg per gram for the samples produced using the FRP method. Also, this sample produced stronger flocs with more re-flocculation tendency under different shear rates, while it generated larger flocs under stirring conditions. Such ATRP-derived flocs had an average chord length of approximately 60 μm, and those of FRP-based ones had a 30 μm chord length, while both FRP and ATRP polymers had 500 Da molecular weight. The results of this work confirmed that, while lignin-derived polymers can be an effective flocculant, strategies must be taken into account for generating lignin-derived polymers with a controlled and preferably narrow molecular weight distribution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 113820"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Krossing’s acid as efficient catalyst for ε-caprolactone polymerization

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113817

Andrey S. Kozlov , Ping Song , Oleg I. Afanasyev , Klim O. Biriukov , Igor A. Nikovskii , Konstantin L. Boldyrev , Maria I. Godovikova , Saihu Liao , Denis Chusov

A superacid (H(OEt₂)₂)[Al(O^t_fBu)₄] has been demonstrated as a highly active catalyst for the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-caprolactone (ε-CL), which shows the highest catalytic activity among the known Brønsted acid catalysts in this process. With this superacid catalyst, the polymerization can be conducted in solvent and bulk conditions, either at elevated or at room temperature, and synthesis of high molecular weight polymers (> 100 kg/mol) is also successfully achieved.

引用次数: 0

Thermo- and pH responsive core–shell nanogels: Easy method of synthesis, properties and its use for the loading and releasing of organotin(IV) compounds

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113822

Luis Alfonso Valdez-Olea , María Alejandra González-Urías , Angel Licea-Claveríe , Mirian A. González-Ayón , Alejandro Ramírez-Jiménez

In this work, multicomponent responsive core–shell nanogels, based on crosslinked 2-(N,N-diethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (DEAEMA), homo- or copolymerized with N-vinylcaprolactam (NVCL), as the core, and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA, Mn=950 g mol^-1) as the shell, were synthesized by the Surfactant-Free Emulsion Polymerization (SFEP). Thermo- and pH responsive behavior was revealed by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measurements showing nanogel expansion by decreasing pH and nanogel contraction by increasing temperature taking as reference normal physiological conditions. Nanogels composition was calculated by ¹H NMR, D_h was measured by DLS, thermal transitions were determined by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The systems with the best properties were selected for the loading and releasing of diorganotin(IV) complexes which have demonstrated cytotoxic activity against different cancer cells lines. Results showed that the systems have the potential to be used as nanocarriers of metallodrugs towards cancer tissues.

{"title":"Thermo- and pH responsive core–shell nanogels: Easy method of synthesis, properties and its use for the loading and releasing of organotin(IV) compounds","authors":"Luis Alfonso Valdez-Olea , María Alejandra González-Urías , Angel Licea-Claveríe , Mirian A. González-Ayón , Alejandro Ramírez-Jiménez","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113822","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113822","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, multicomponent responsive core–shell nanogels, based on crosslinked 2-(<em>N,N-</em>diethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (DEAEMA), homo- or copolymerized with <em>N</em>-vinylcaprolactam (NVCL), as the core, and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA, <em>Mn</em>=950 g mol<sup>-1</sup>) as the shell, were synthesized by the Surfactant-Free Emulsion Polymerization (SFEP). Thermo- and pH responsive behavior was revealed by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measurements showing nanogel expansion by decreasing pH and nanogel contraction by increasing temperature taking as reference normal physiological conditions. Nanogels composition was calculated by <sup>1</sup>H NMR, <em>D<sub>h</sub></em> was measured by DLS, thermal transitions were determined by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The systems with the best properties were selected for the loading and releasing of diorganotin(IV) complexes which have demonstrated cytotoxic activity against different cancer cells lines. Results showed that the systems have the potential to be used as nanocarriers of metallodrugs towards cancer tissues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 113822"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Blending strategies for green packaging: Enhancing polyhydroxybutyrate performance for sustainable solutions

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113821

Ramisa Yahyapour , Yusuf Ziya Menceloglu

The rising demand for sustainable alternatives to conventional plastics highlights polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), particularly polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), as promising biodegradable thermoplastics. While PHAs offer advantages like non-toxicity and a reduced carbon footprint, their brittleness, narrow processing window, and high production costs limit their broader use, particularly in packaging, the largest source of municipal solid waste. This review provides an overview of PHAs, emphasizing the properties that make them suitable for packaging and the key factors influencing their market longevity. Blending PHAs with natural polymers, such as polylactic acid, cellulose derivatives, and chitin/chitosan improves mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties while enhancing biodegradability by reducing crystallinity or increasing hydrophilicity, thereby facilitating microbial degradation. Additives such as plasticizers, nucleating agents, and compatibilizers, alongside optimized processing conditions and advanced techniques, like reactive blending and the use of block and graft copolymers, improve interfacial adhesion and blend homogeneity, mitigating brittleness and enhancing flexibility and strength. The thermal instability of PHB, which poses challenges during melt processing, can be addressed by incorporating bioplasticizers to lower its glass transition temperature and melt viscosity, allowing processing at lower temperatures and minimizing thermal degradation. Furthermore, in-situ polymerization and bio-based coupling agents further enhance blend uniformity and overall performance. Special attention is given to the potential of PHB/chitosan blends for developing antibacterial, eco-friendly packaging solutions. By reviewing market trends and advances in PHA processing, this review underscores the potential of PHA-based blends to reduce plastic waste and facilitate their commercialization as sustainable, green packaging materials.

{"title":"Blending strategies for green packaging: Enhancing polyhydroxybutyrate performance for sustainable solutions","authors":"Ramisa Yahyapour , Yusuf Ziya Menceloglu","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113821","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113821","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rising demand for sustainable alternatives to conventional plastics highlights polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), particularly polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), as promising biodegradable thermoplastics. While PHAs offer advantages like non-toxicity and a reduced carbon footprint, their brittleness, narrow processing window, and high production costs limit their broader use, particularly in packaging, the largest source of municipal solid waste. This review provides an overview of PHAs, emphasizing the properties that make them suitable for packaging and the key factors influencing their market longevity. Blending PHAs with natural polymers, such as polylactic acid, cellulose derivatives, and chitin/chitosan improves mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties while enhancing biodegradability by reducing crystallinity or increasing hydrophilicity, thereby facilitating microbial degradation. Additives such as plasticizers, nucleating agents, and compatibilizers, alongside optimized processing conditions and advanced techniques, like reactive blending and the use of block and graft copolymers, improve interfacial adhesion and blend homogeneity, mitigating brittleness and enhancing flexibility and strength. The thermal instability of PHB, which poses challenges during melt processing, can be addressed by incorporating bioplasticizers to lower its glass transition temperature and melt viscosity, allowing processing at lower temperatures and minimizing thermal degradation. Furthermore, in-situ polymerization and bio-based coupling agents further enhance blend uniformity and overall performance. Special attention is given to the potential of PHB/chitosan blends for developing antibacterial, eco-friendly packaging solutions. By reviewing market trends and advances in PHA processing, this review underscores the potential of PHA-based blends to reduce plastic waste and facilitate their commercialization as sustainable, green packaging materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 113821"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thermogelling Formulations based on In-House synthesized ethylene Glycol-Containing ABC triblock copolymers and their mixtures with diblocks

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113816

Lezhi Wang, Theoni K. Georgiou

This study investigated the thermoresponsive properties of a novel series of ABC triblock terpolymers synthesized from ethylene glycol (EG)-based comonomers with varying lengths of PEG pendant chains. The terpolymers, with a targeted molar mass of 8100 g/mol, were synthesized using sequential Group Transfer Polymerization (GTP) and featured a range of compositions. Specifically, the hydrophobic content of methoxy ethylene glycol methacrylate (MEGMA, block B) was varied between 25 % and 55 % w/w, with corresponding adjustments to the thermoresponsive oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA with an average molar mass of 300 g/mol, block A) and di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (DEGMA, block C), resulting in 16 distinct compositions. The cloud point temperatures were determined via turbidimetry, while dynamic light scattering (DLS) was employed to assess micellar self-assembly behavior. Of the 16 terpolymers, three demonstrated the ability to form thermogels. Blending these terpolymers with a high-performing diblock copolymer enabled tunable sol-to-gel transitions and identified a specific concentration that facilitated thermogel formation at physiological temperatures. Notably, the M1 polymer solution—a mixture of a triblock terpolymer and its diblock counterpart, both with 50 % w/w MEGMA content—exhibited superior sustained release of the sodium fluorescein model drug, outperforming the industry-standard Pluronic F127. This study underscores the importance of balancing hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity for effective sol–gel transitions in these novel triblock terpolymers and presents a straightforward yet effective strategy for diversifying polymer mixtures to fine-tune the gelation range and enhance versatility.

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