European Polymer Journal最新文献_第7页

Multifunctional polymer inorganic nanoparticle hybrid tandems as selective metal sensors 多功能聚合物无机纳米颗粒杂化串联作为选择性金属传感器

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114353

Thalia Plaza-Santos , Ester Verde-Sesto , Isabel Quijada-Garrido , Olga García

The design of multifunctional copolymers with tailored architectures is a central topic in polymer science, as macromolecular structure strongly governs self-assembly and material performance. While RAFT polymerization is widely used to synthesize well-defined copolymers, direct comparisons between statistical copolymers and nano-structured block terpolymers prepared by RAFT-mediated polymerization-induced self-assembly (RAFT-PISA) with similar compositions remain scarce. Herein we report the synthesis of novel multifunctional copolymers that combine the thermoresponsive behavior of triethylene glycol monomethyl ether methacrylate (MeO₃MA) with the versatile functionality of catechol groups, introduced via dopamine methacrylamide (DMA) using two distinct synthetic strategies. In the first stage, statistical copolymers with tunable DMA content were synthesized to probe the effect of cathecol groups on polymer properties. Subsequently, the RAFT-PISA technique in aqueous media was employed to obtain nano-diblock terpolymers, featuring a hydrophilic block of polyglycerol methacrylate (pGMA) and a second hydrophobic block composed of MeO₃MA with a fixed DMA content (10 mol%) enabling in situ controlled self-assembly into well-defined nanostructures (spherical and worm-like) dictated by the block size ratio. Finally, both the random and block copolymers were employed as stabilizing templates for the synthesis of luminescent silver and copper nanoclusters (AgNCs and CuNCs), which were subsequently evaluated as sensors for the detection of heavy metals in aqueous environment. This dual approach provides valuable insight into how polymer architecture and nanostructuration dictate hybrid morphology, optical response, and sensing performance.

设计具有定制结构的多功能共聚物是聚合物科学的中心课题，因为大分子结构强烈地控制着自组装和材料性能。虽然RAFT聚合被广泛用于合成定义良好的共聚物，但对统计共聚物和由RAFT介导的聚合诱导自组装（RAFT- pisa）制备的具有相似成分的纳米结构嵌段三元聚合物的直接比较仍然很少。本文中，我们报道了一种新型多功能共聚物的合成，该共聚物结合了三甘醇单甲基丙烯酸酯（MeO3MA）的热响应行为和儿茶酚基团的多功能功能，通过多巴胺甲基丙烯酰胺（DMA）采用两种不同的合成策略引入。在第一阶段，合成具有可调DMA含量的统计共聚物，以探索酚基对聚合物性能的影响。随后，采用RAFT-PISA技术在水介质中获得纳米二嵌段三元聚合物，其特征是亲水性嵌段为聚甲基丙烯酸甘油（pGMA），另一个疏水性嵌段由甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MeO3MA）组成，具有固定的DMA含量（10 mol%），可以根据嵌段大小比例在原位控制自组装成明确的纳米结构（球形和蠕虫状）。最后，随机共聚物和嵌段共聚物被用作稳定模板，用于合成发光银和铜纳米团簇（agnc和CuNCs），随后被评估为水环境中重金属检测的传感器。这种双重方法为聚合物结构和纳米结构如何决定杂化形态、光学响应和传感性能提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing biodegradable SAPs: A Systematic study of monovalent counterion effects on citrate-based networks 优化可生物降解的sap：柠檬酸盐网络中一价反离子效应的系统研究

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114358

Jingying Chen , Deelan Yen Chan , Theo Veldhuis , Bart Reuvers , Jesse Jongstra , Jing Wu , Francesco Picchioni , Patrizio Raffa , Cor Koning

Developing biodegradable superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) offers an eco-friendly solution to microplastic pollution from current products. In this study, we synthesized a series of cross-linked, bio-based SAPs using citric acid, glycerol, and monovalent citrate salts of alkali metals (lithium to cesium). The primary goal was to systematically evaluate how the size of the counterion influences the material’s performance, including its chemical structure, cross-linking density, water absorption capacity, and biodegradability. Our findings reveal a clear trend: under identical synthesis conditions, SAPs with larger counterions exhibit a lower cross-linking density, which was confirmed by rheological analysis. Notably, SAPs neutralized with potassium achieved the highest water absorption capacity, reaching 30.48 g/g. We attribute this optimal performance to the interplay of four factors: the radial distribution of ions within the polymer network, the variations in cross-link density, the degree of carboxylic acid neutralization, and the free space available for water uptake. Additionally, SAPs with larger counterions demonstrated higher biodegradability, with K⁺, Rb⁺, and Cs⁺ neutralized SAPs showing over 30 % biodegradation after 28 days. These insights provide a valuable guide for optimizing SAP synthesis through polycondensation, enabling the creation of materials with tailored properties by carefully selecting both monomers and counterions.

开发可生物降解的高吸水性聚合物（sap）为解决当前产品的微塑料污染提供了一种环保的解决方案。在这项研究中，我们用柠檬酸、甘油和碱金属（锂到铯）的单价柠檬酸盐合成了一系列交联的生物基sap。主要目标是系统地评估反离子的大小如何影响材料的性能，包括其化学结构、交联密度、吸水能力和生物降解性。我们的研究结果揭示了一个明显的趋势：在相同的合成条件下，具有较大反离子的sap表现出较低的交联密度，这被流变学分析证实。值得注意的是，与钾中和的sap吸水能力最高，达到30.48 g/g。我们将这种最佳性能归因于四个因素的相互作用：聚合物网络中离子的径向分布、交联密度的变化、羧酸中和的程度以及可用于吸水的自由空间。此外，具有较大反离子的sap表现出更高的生物降解性，K+， Rb+和Cs+中和的sap在28天后的生物降解率超过30%。这些见解为通过缩聚优化SAP合成提供了有价值的指导，通过仔细选择单体和反离子，可以创建具有定制性能的材料。

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引用次数: 0

Kinetic insights into CO2/Epoxides terpolymerization using an aluminum Porphyrin/PPNCl System: Solution and bulk polymerization 用卟啉铝/PPNCl体系进行CO2/环氧化物三元聚合的动力学研究：溶液和本体聚合

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114360

Shuo Zeng , Qinghai Zhou , Xianhong Wang , Guo-Hua Hu , Zhao Wang , Liqun Zhang

This study investigates the kinetics of CO₂ terpolymerization with allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) and 1,2-hexene oxide (HO) using an aluminum porphyrin/PPNCl co-catalytic system. The effects of solvent polarity and reaction conditions on polymer selectivity, molecular weight, and cyclic carbonate formation were systematically analyzed. Kinetic studies revealed that the terpolymerization follows first-order dependence on monomer concentration in both solution and bulk polymerization. High polarity solvents, such as THF, promote backbiting reactions, leading to increased cyclic carbonate formation and lower molecular weight polymers. In contrast, non-polar solvents like cyclohexane stabilize the catalytic complex, enhancing polycarbonate selectivity and molecular weight. Bulk polymerization, free of solvent effects, exhibited higher polymerization rate constants, higher molecular weights, and greater polycarbonate selectivity, but was limited by increased viscosity at higher conversions. Temperature significantly influenced reaction selectivity, with higher temperatures favoring backbiting and reducing molecular weight. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing polymerization conditions for selective polycarbonate production using the aluminum porphyrin/PPNCl catalytic system.

本文研究了在铝卟啉/PPNCl共催化体系下，烯丙基缩水甘油醚（AGE）和1,2-己烯氧化物（HO）与CO2共聚合的动力学。系统分析了溶剂极性和反应条件对聚合物选择性、分子量和环状碳酸盐形成的影响。动力学研究表明，在溶液和本体聚合中，三元聚合都遵循单体浓度的一级依赖关系。高极性溶剂，如THF，促进反向反应，导致环状碳酸盐形成增加，聚合物分子量降低。相反，非极性溶剂如环己烷稳定了催化配合物，提高了聚碳酸酯的选择性和分子量。本体聚合，无溶剂效应，表现出更高的聚合速率常数，更高的分子量，和更大的聚碳酸酯选择性，但限制在较高的转化率增加粘度。温度对反应选择性有显著影响，温度越高，反应选择性越强，反应分子量越低。这些发现为优化卟啉铝/PPNCl催化体系选择性生产聚碳酸酯的聚合条件提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Photocurable comb polyamic acid for solvent-free direct ink writing with low dimensional shrinkage” [Eur. Polym. J. 215 (2024) 113190] “低缩水率无溶剂直接墨水书写用光固化梳状聚酰胺”的勘误表[欧洲]。变异较大。J. 215 (2024) [j]

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114344

Guo Wei , Junzhao Yuan , Yufan Zhou , Ziyao Wu , Jia-Tao Miao , Ren Liu

引用次数: 0

Autocatalytic bulk thermal polymerisation of malononitrile dimer: An effective synthetic route for cyano-based polymers 丙二腈二聚体的自催化本体热聚合：氰基聚合物的有效合成途径

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114354

Juan F. Ruiz-Guerrón , Marta Ruiz-Bermejo , José L. de la Fuente

The malononitrile dimer, 2-amino-1,1,3-tricyanopropene (ATCP), is a well-known compound in the context of heterocyclic and diversity-oriented organic synthesis. Beyond its recognised synthetic versatility, this study unveils ATCP as a promising amino-nitrile monomer for the straightforward, one-pot synthesis of nitrogen-rich conjugated organic materials featuring triazine linkages. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), conducted under both dynamic and isothermal conditions, confirmed the successful bulk polymerisation of ATCP, which proceeds upon melting and is initiated at relatively low temperatures without the need for solvents, catalysts, or initiators. The thermal polymerisation follows an autocatalytic mechanism; and the kinetic triplet, activation energy (E_a), pre-exponential factor (A), and mechanism function f(α), was determined from non-isothermal data. Isothermal experiments conducted between 180–230 °C revealed a temperature-dependent variation in reaction orders, suggesting a complex mechanism. The effect of air was also evaluated to assess the robustness of the process, confirming the non-radical nature of the polymerisation. A preliminary structural characterisation by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies supported the formation of triazine-based polymeric networks. Complementary thermogravimetry (TG)-DSC and in situ mass spectrometry (MS) analyses provided additional data, revealing simultaneous deamination and dehydrocyanation processes as likely elimination reactions during polymerisation. Overall, this work presents, for the first time, a comprehensive kinetic and mechanistic study of ATCP polymerisation, highlighting its potential as a functional monomer for the design of soft, nitrogen-rich materials relevant to advanced materials science.

丙二腈二聚体2-氨基-1,1,3-三氰丙烯（ATCP）是杂环和多样性取向有机合成中众所周知的化合物。除了其公认的合成多功能性之外，本研究揭示了ATCP作为一种有前途的氨基腈单体，用于直接、一锅合成具有三嗪键的富氮共轭有机材料。在动态和等温条件下进行的差示扫描量热法（DSC）证实了ATCP的成功体聚合，该聚合在熔融后进行，在相对较低的温度下开始，不需要溶剂、催化剂或引发剂。热聚合遵循自催化机制；根据非等温数据确定了反应的动力学三重态：活化能（Ea）、指前因子(A)和机理函数f（α）。在180-230°C之间进行的等温实验显示，反应顺序的变化依赖于温度，表明其复杂的机制。还评估了空气的影响，以评估该过程的稳健性，确认了聚合的非自由基性质。傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）和核磁共振（NMR）光谱的初步结构表征支持了三嗪基聚合物网络的形成。互补热重(TG)-DSC和原位质谱（MS）分析提供了额外的数据，揭示了同时脱胺和脱氢氰化过程可能是聚合过程中的消除反应。总的来说，这项工作首次对ATCP聚合进行了全面的动力学和机理研究，突出了它作为一种功能单体的潜力，可用于设计与先进材料科学相关的软、富氮材料。

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引用次数: 0

Fully bio-based epoxy resins from the condensation of vanillin and piceol derivatives 由香兰素和皮塞醇衍生物缩合而成的全生物基环氧树脂

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114356

Na Shi, Haoyu Wang, Zhenjiang Li, Min Zhang, Xin Zou, Yanqi Shi, Xin Yuan, Jiahui Ma, Chunyu Li, Kai Guo

A series of unsymmetric bio-based epoxy monomers were synthesized using lignin-derived monophenols (vanillin and syringaldehyde) and methyl ketone (piceol, zingiberone, and raspberry ketone). The obtained bisphenols are analog of retrochalcone (echinatin), which is isolated from the root of liquorice. The structure of lignin-based epoxy monomers and the obtained epoxy thermosets was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The curing behavior of the epoxy thermosets was determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at different ramp rates (5°C/min, 10°C/min, 15°C/min, and 20°C/min). The activation energy of the bio-based epoxy resins was from 50.59 KJ mol⁻¹ to 61.36 KJ mol⁻¹ according to Kissinger equation. The glass transition (T_g) of the obtained epoxy thermosets was higher than that of DGEBA-based resins (74.8°C vs 61.9°C) based on dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Thermomechanical properties of the corresponding thermosets were conducted on thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and tensile test (TA). They exhibited comparable thermal stability with that of DGEBA-based resins.

以木质素衍生的单酚（香兰素和丁香醛）和甲基酮（皮醇和覆盆子酮）为原料，合成了一系列不对称的生物基环氧单体。所得到的双酚类化合物类似于从甘草根中分离出来的后查尔酮（刺青素）。用核磁共振（NMR）和傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱对木质素基环氧树脂单体和所得环氧热固性树脂的结构进行了表征。采用差示扫描量热法（DSC）测定了不同斜坡速率（5°C/min、10°C/min、15°C/min和20°C/min）下环氧热固性树脂的固化行为。根据Kissinger方程，生物基环氧树脂的活化能在50.59 ~ 61.36 KJ mol−1之间。基于动态力学分析（DMA），所得环氧热固性树脂的玻璃化转变（Tg）高于dgeba基树脂（74.8°C vs 61.9°C）。通过热重分析（TGA）和拉伸试验（TA）对相应热固性材料进行了热力学性能分析。它们表现出与dgeba基树脂相当的热稳定性。

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引用次数: 0

Strategies for developing low dielectric epoxy materials 低介电环氧材料的发展策略

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114355

Fei Fu , Yuandong Xu , Minggui Shen , Xu Xu , He Liu

Epoxy resins are vital dielectric materials for integrated circuits owing to their excellent insulation, mechanical strength, thermal stability, and cost efficiency. However, conventional epoxy resins generate polar hydroxyl groups and ester/imine bonds during curing, resulting in high dielectric constants and losses that limit their applicability in 5G and high-frequency devices. This review highlights two key strategies for achieving low-dielectric epoxy resins: (1) polarity reduction through fluorine/siloxane incorporation and non-polar molecular design, and (2) density modulation via bulky substituents, hyperbranched architectures, and nanoporous structures. It elucidates the primary dielectric determinants (dipole strength and dipole density), while systematically comparing the advantages and limitations of various modification methods. Furthermore, the review examines the trade-offs between dielectric optimization and mechanical/thermal performance, providing a comprehensive design framework for next-generation epoxy dielectrics (k < 3.0) that harmonize electrical efficiency with structural integrity, thereby offering practical guidance for advanced electronic packaging applications.

环氧树脂具有优良的绝缘性、机械强度、热稳定性和成本效益，是集成电路中重要的介电材料。然而，传统的环氧树脂在固化过程中会产生极性羟基和酯/亚胺键，导致高介电常数和损耗，限制了其在5G和高频设备中的适用性。这篇综述强调了实现低介电性环氧树脂的两个关键策略：(1)通过氟/硅氧烷掺入和非极性分子设计来降低极性；(2)通过大体积取代基、超支化结构和纳米孔结构来调节密度。它阐明了电介质的主要决定因素（偶极子强度和偶极子密度），同时系统地比较了各种修饰方法的优点和局限性。此外，该综述还研究了介电介质优化与机械/热性能之间的权衡，为下一代环氧介电材料（k < 3.0）提供了一个全面的设计框架，该框架可以协调电效率和结构完整性，从而为先进的电子封装应用提供实用指导。

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引用次数: 0

Synthesis of polyethylene-like aliphatic long-chain polyester from ring-opening polymerization of ω-dodecalactone macrolactone catalyzed by Lewis acid-base pair 路易斯酸碱对催化ω-十二内酯开环聚合合成类聚乙烯脂肪族长链聚酯

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114339

Rui Han , Zheng Li , Zhibo Li

Degradable aliphatic long-chain polyesters (ALCPEs) derived from the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of macrolactones have emerged as promising sustainable alternatives to polyolefin-like materials. ω-Dodecalactone (DDL), a thirteen-membered cyclic lactone, can be synthesized by the oxidation of cyclododecanone, which can be derived from the terpolymerization of 1, 3-butadiene. Here, we report the efficient ROP of DDL using a binary catalyst system comprising diethylzinc (ZnEt₂) and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU). It was found that poly(ω-Dodecalactone) (PDDL) with a molecular weight up to 79.7 kg mol⁻¹ can be obtained by increasing the monomer/initiator ratio, and its mechanical properties were comparable to that of high-density polyethylene (HDPE). Their yield stress can reach 20 MPa, and the strains at break is much higher than that of HDPE up to 1100 %. Random copolyesters with adjustable melting temperatures (T_m) were obtained by one-pot ROP of DDL with ε-caprolactone (CL) or δ-valerolactone (VL). Dilock copolymers such as PDDL-b-PLLA, PDDL-b-PCL and PDDL-b-PVL can be produced by sequential monomer addition strategy. The polymer structures and compositions were confirmed by NMR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC).

可降解脂肪族长链聚酯（alcpe）是由大内酯的开环聚合（ROP）产生的，是一种有前途的可持续的聚烯烃类材料替代品。ω-十二内酯（DDL）是一种十三元环内酯，由1,3 -丁二烯三元聚合得到环十二酮，经氧化可得ω-十二内酯。在这里，我们报道了使用由二乙基锌（ZnEt2）和1,8-重氮杂环[5.4.0]十一-7-烯（DBU）组成的二元催化剂体系进行DDL的高效ROP。结果表明，提高单体/引发剂比可制得分子量达79.7 kg mol−1的聚（ω-十二内酯）（PDDL），其力学性能与高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）相当。其屈服应力可达20 MPa，断裂应变比HDPE高1100%。用ε-己内酯（CL）或δ-戊内酯（VL）对DDL进行一锅ROP，得到熔点可调的随机共聚酯（Tm）。PDDL-b-PLLA、PDDL-b-PCL和PDDL-b-PVL等双锁型共聚物可通过序贯单体加成制得。通过核磁共振谱、差示扫描量热法（DSC）和凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）对聚合物的结构和组成进行了确证。

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引用次数: 0

Molecular and structural insights into the thermoresponsive behavior of pyrrolidone-based LCST polymers in aqueous solution 吡咯烷酮基LCST聚合物在水溶液中的热响应行为的分子和结构见解

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114343

Sergey A. Dergunov , Grigoriy A. Mun , Bayana B. Yermukhambetova , Adilet Zh. Alikulov

Amphiphilic poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone-stat-vinyl phenyl ether) [poly(NVP-stat-VPE)] copolymers were synthesized via microwave-assisted radical polymerization. Copolymers with more than 13 mol% VPE exhibited tunable LCST behavior, with the phase transition temperature decreasing from 55 °C to 27 °C as the hydrophobic content increased. Structural analysis confirmed preferential NVP incorporation and statistical monomer distribution. Combined UV–Vis, DLS, SAXS, and EPR analyses provided a comprehensive understanding of poly(NVP-stat-VPE) copolymers in aqueous solutions, detailing the size and internal composition of intramolecular micelles and aggregates. Reichardt’s dye probing revealed hydrophobic domain formation, with polarity shifts scaling with VPE content, demonstrating the hydrophobic nature of the VPE core of the self-assembled structures. Spin-probe EPR provided nanoscale insights into local hydration and mobility, indicating gradual dehydration and microviscosity changes above LCST. These results establish poly(NVP-stat-VPE) as a versatile platform for designing thermoresponsive materials with tunable phase behavior and microenvironmental polarity, relevant for applications in soft matter, nanocarriers, and stimuli-responsive systems.

采用微波辅助自由基聚合法制备了两亲性聚（n -乙烯基吡咯烷酮-stat-乙烯基苯基醚）[聚（NVP-stat-VPE）]共聚物。VPE大于13 mol%的共聚物表现出可调节的LCST行为，随着疏水含量的增加，相变温度从55℃降低到27℃。结构分析证实了优先的NVP合并和统计单体分布。结合UV-Vis， DLS， SAXS和EPR分析，可以全面了解水溶液中的聚（NVP-stat-VPE）共聚物，详细说明分子内胶束和聚集体的大小和内部组成。Reichardt的染料探测揭示了疏水区域的形成，极性随VPE含量的增加而变化，证明了自组装结构的VPE核心的疏水性质。自旋探针EPR提供了纳米尺度的局部水化和流动性，表明在LCST以上逐渐脱水和微粘度变化。这些结果确立了poly（nvp - stat_vpe）作为设计具有可调相行为和微环境极性的热响应材料的通用平台，与软物质，纳米载体和刺激响应系统的应用相关。

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引用次数: 0

Biopolymer-based freeze-dried emulsion and bigel composites with Sambucus nigra-loaded chitosan microparticles: novel multifunctional systems for enhanced skin performance 生物聚合物为基础的冷冻干燥乳液和含有黑树袋形壳聚糖微粒的bigel复合材料：增强皮肤性能的新型多功能系统

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114342

Weronika Walendziak , Timothy E.L. Douglas , Justyna Kozlowska

The cosmetic industry is dominated by water-based formulations for skin care and conditioning. Therefore, the novelty of this work lies in reducing water consumption during the production of materials for dermatological and cosmetic purposes, while simultaneously maintaining the functional properties of the prototype based on a freeze-dried emulsion and a bigel with plant extract-loaded microparticles. The formulations were prepared using biopolymers (sodium alginate, whey protein isolate, and ethylcellulose), lipids (sea buckthorn oil and beeswax), cryoprotectant (mannitol), and emulsifier (Span 80). Emulsion and bigel were modified by the addition of chitosan microparticles loaded with Sambucus nigra flower extract showing antioxidant properties. The materials were characterized by SEM, mechanical testing, porosity, density, residual moisture content and biophysical skin parameter analysis, including transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin hydration and color. The results demonstrated that bigels exhibited higher mechanical strength and residual moisture content but lower porosity and density than emulsions. The combination of WPI, sodium alginate, ethylcellulose, mannitol, sea buckthorn oil, beeswax, and elderflower extract provided a synergistic effect, improving stratum corneum hydration level and barrier integrity while reducing redness. This research highlights the potential of freeze-dried biopolymer-lipid matrices with embedded microparticles as innovative and eco-friendly cosmetic and dermatological formulations.

化妆品行业主要是用于皮肤护理和调理的水性配方。因此，这项工作的新颖之处在于减少了皮肤和化妆品材料生产过程中的用水量，同时保持了基于冻干乳液和含有植物提取物微粒的凝胶的原型的功能特性。配方由生物聚合物（海藻酸钠、分离乳清蛋白和乙基纤维素）、脂质（沙棘油和蜂蜡）、冷冻保护剂（甘露醇）和乳化剂（Span 80）制备。以具有抗氧化性能的黑荆花提取物为载体，添加壳聚糖微粒对乳液和凝胶进行改性。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、力学测试、孔隙率、密度、残余含水量和皮肤生物物理参数分析（包括经皮失水（TEWL）、皮肤水化和颜色）对材料进行表征。结果表明，凝胶具有较高的机械强度和残余水分含量，但孔隙率和密度低于乳液。WPI、海藻酸钠、乙基纤维素、甘露醇、沙棘油、蜂蜡和接骨木花提取物的组合产生协同效应，提高角质层水合水平和屏障完整性，同时减少红肿。这项研究强调了冷冻干燥生物聚合物-脂质基质嵌入微颗粒作为创新和环保化妆品和皮肤病配方的潜力。

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引用次数: 0