Polydopamine has gained recognition in surface modification and construction of functional nanocomposites, among others, due to its extraordinary adhesive properties. However, despite the clear tendency to form in a supramolecularly ordered manner, this mechanism has remained almost completely overlooked. At the same time, polymerization-induced self-assembly has been a hot topic in recent years. In this review, we emphasize the laws and relationships governing the formation of polydopamine nanoparticles, functional coatings and free-standing films in an ordered or semi-ordered manner. We took advantage of both computer simulations and basic research to summarize the state of the art and to set possible guidelines for further research work aimed at full understanding and precise control of the polydopamine supramolecular ordering process. We also present examples of application studies in which the self-assembly tendency of polydopamine and reversible cross-linking through physical interactions were used to create advanced 2D nanocomposites, hydrogels, etc. Finally, we also present future perspectives and research guidelines and encourage further work on this exceptional biomimetic polymer.
{"title":"Review on polydopamine supramolecular ordering – mechanism elucidation and application in 2D nanocomposites fabrication","authors":"Jakub Szewczyk , Divyasree Radhakrishnan , Zuzanna Łukasiewicz , Emerson Coy","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113530","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113530","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polydopamine has gained recognition in surface modification and construction of functional nanocomposites, among others, due to its extraordinary adhesive properties. However, despite the clear tendency to form in a supramolecularly ordered manner, this mechanism has remained almost completely overlooked. At the same time, polymerization-induced self-assembly has been a hot topic in recent years. In this review, we emphasize the laws and relationships governing the formation of polydopamine nanoparticles, functional coatings and free-standing films in an ordered or semi-ordered manner. We took advantage of both computer simulations and basic research to summarize the state of the art and to set possible guidelines for further research work aimed at full understanding and precise control of the polydopamine supramolecular ordering process. We also present examples of application studies in which the self-assembly tendency of polydopamine and reversible cross-linking through physical interactions were used to create advanced 2D nanocomposites, hydrogels, etc. Finally, we also present future perspectives and research guidelines and encourage further work on this exceptional biomimetic polymer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 113530"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113527
Tengda Ma , Lizhao Yan , Bingxu Wang , Qirui Gong , Guangxu Wang , Tiantian Chen , Shuang Liu , Haojie Wei , Guanghua He , Yue Zhang , Lihong Fan , Yingying Chu
An ideal wound dressing should possess self-healing, adhesion and adequate mechanical properties, as well as antioxidant, antimicrobial and biocompatible characteristics. In this study, we developed a self-healing highly adhesive, bioactive multifunctional composite hydrogel (PCP) with dual antimicrobial functions. The hydrogel was constructed using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan (CS) and polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA) to achieve rapid wound healing. The one-pot method was utilized to blend these three raw materials at 95 °C, followed by the preparation of PCP with a dual physical network structure through a green freeze/thaw process. The incorporation of PDA nanoparticles not only endowed the hydrogel with excellent adhesion properties (46.7 kPa), photothermal properties (57.6 ℃, 0.6 W·cm−2), and DPPH scavenging ability (88.2 %), but also achieved more than 92 % inhibition against both Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) in synergistic effect with the bioantimicrobial agent CS (PCP3). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the microstructures of P, PC, and PCP hydrogels exhibited a dense and permeable pore structure, which facilitates the absorption and removal of wound exudate. Furthermore, thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis demonstrated that PCP hydrogels displayed good thermal stability. In vitro cytotoxicity test on human fibroblasts (L929 cells) indicated that all the hydrogels possessed superior cytocompatibility, with a maximum survival of 101 % for L929 cells. Additionally, cell scratch test confirmed that the hydrogel promotes cell migration, thereby accelerating wound healing. These results suggest that the bioactive multifunctional hydrogel holds significant potential as a wound dressing.
{"title":"Preparation and composition analysis of PVA/chitosan/PDA hybrid bioactive multifunctional hydrogel for wound dressing","authors":"Tengda Ma , Lizhao Yan , Bingxu Wang , Qirui Gong , Guangxu Wang , Tiantian Chen , Shuang Liu , Haojie Wei , Guanghua He , Yue Zhang , Lihong Fan , Yingying Chu","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113527","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113527","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An ideal wound dressing should possess self-healing, adhesion and adequate mechanical properties, as well as antioxidant, antimicrobial and biocompatible characteristics. In this study, we developed a self-healing highly adhesive, bioactive multifunctional composite hydrogel (PCP) with dual antimicrobial functions. The hydrogel was constructed using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan (CS) and polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA) to achieve rapid wound healing. The one-pot method was utilized to blend these three raw materials at 95 °C, followed by the preparation of PCP with a dual physical network structure through a green freeze/thaw process. The incorporation of PDA nanoparticles not only endowed the hydrogel with excellent adhesion properties (46.7 kPa), photothermal properties (57.6 ℃, 0.6 W·cm<sup>−2</sup>), and DPPH scavenging ability (88.2 %), but also achieved more than 92 % inhibition against both Staphylococcus aureus (<em>S. aureus</em>) and Escherichia coli (<em>E. coli</em>) in synergistic effect with the bioantimicrobial agent CS (PCP3). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the microstructures of P, PC, and PCP hydrogels exhibited a dense and permeable pore structure, which facilitates the absorption and removal of wound exudate. Furthermore, thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis demonstrated that PCP hydrogels displayed good thermal stability. <em>In vitro</em> cytotoxicity test on human fibroblasts (L929 cells) indicated that all the hydrogels possessed superior cytocompatibility, with a maximum survival of 101 % for L929 cells. Additionally, cell scratch test confirmed that the hydrogel promotes cell migration, thereby accelerating wound healing. These results suggest that the bioactive multifunctional hydrogel holds significant potential as a wound dressing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 113527"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113524
Zemian Zuo , Xijue Li , Haiying Zhan , Peng Zhao , Binbin Dong , Yue Ren , Hao-Yang Mi
Polyamide (PA) 66/polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composite foams with bimodal cellular structures were prepared in this work via mold opening foam injection molding (MOFIM) process. PTFE nanofibrils were in-situ fibrillated within the PA66 matrix during the twin-screw extrusion process, and the PTFE fibrous network significantly enhanced the viscoelastic properties and melt strength of PA66, thus improving the foaming characteristics of the composite material. When the content of PTFE was 5 wt%, the PA66/PTFE composite foam showed a distinct bimodal cellular structure owing to the aggregation of saturated nitrogen (N2) caused by the PTFE network-induced crystallization. The bimodal cells, the PTFE network, and the refined crystalline structure contributed to a significant enhancement in the ductility and mechanical properties of the bimodal PA66/PTFE composite foam, which achieved an improvement in toughness of up to 402.2 %. Moreover, the MOFIM PA66/PTFE composite foam demonstrated superior surface quality due to the two-step foaming in the MOFIM process and the enhanced melt strength by the PTFE network. This work provides new insights into the fabrication of lightweight injection-molded PA composite parts with high performance and surface quality.
{"title":"Tough and defect-free-surfaces PA66/PTFE composite foam with bimodal structure achieved by high-pressure foam injection molding with mold-opening","authors":"Zemian Zuo , Xijue Li , Haiying Zhan , Peng Zhao , Binbin Dong , Yue Ren , Hao-Yang Mi","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyamide (PA) 66/polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composite foams with bimodal cellular structures were prepared in this work via mold opening foam injection molding (MOFIM) process. PTFE nanofibrils were in-situ fibrillated within the PA66 matrix during the twin-screw extrusion process, and the PTFE fibrous network significantly enhanced the viscoelastic properties and melt strength of PA66, thus improving the foaming characteristics of the composite material. When the content of PTFE was 5 wt%, the PA66/PTFE composite foam showed a distinct bimodal cellular structure owing to the aggregation of saturated nitrogen (N<sub>2</sub>) caused by the PTFE network-induced crystallization. The bimodal cells, the PTFE network, and the refined crystalline structure contributed to a significant enhancement in the ductility and mechanical properties of the bimodal PA66/PTFE composite foam, which achieved an improvement in toughness of up to 402.2 %. Moreover, the MOFIM PA66/PTFE composite foam demonstrated superior surface quality due to the two-step foaming in the MOFIM process and the enhanced melt strength by the PTFE network. This work provides new insights into the fabrication of lightweight injection-molded PA composite parts with high performance and surface quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 113524"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-26DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113520
Zobia Ahmad , Iqra Sajid , Ahmad Hassan , Weitai Wu , Jinmeng Zhang , Ahmad Irfan , Muhammad Azam , Robina Begum , Zahoor H. Farooqi
Polymer nanogels consisting of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and chitosan [P(NC)] were synthesized using a free radical precipitation polymerization technique in an aqueous environment. This process involved the polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAM) with chitosan (CS) and a cross-linker. These P(NC) nanogels were utilized as nano-reactors for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), which were formed within the polymeric network through an in-situ reduction process using tetrachloroauric acid [H(AuCl4)] as precursor salt and sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as the reductant. Various analytical methods, including Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), were employed to confirm the formation of P(NC) nanogels and the incorporation and durability of AuNPs within the P(NC) nanogels. The AuNPs loaded P(NC) nanogels were utilized as catalysts for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NiP) into 4-aminophenol (4-AmP) in the presence of NaBH4. This system was also used to degrade a number of dyes including methylene blue (MB), methylene orange (MO), rhodamine B (RhB), brilliant blue (BB) and eosin Y ((EY) by using NaBH4 as a reducing agent. The Au-P(NC) catalyst exhibited remarkable efficiency, facilitating the fast reduction of 4-NiP and degradation of dyes within a very short interval of time. This system stands out for its economic usage, as even a small quantity of it can efficiently reduce toxic pollutants like 4-NiP and dyes. The results of the reactions highlighted exceptional yield, emphasizing the effectiveness and recyclability of the Au-P(NC) hybrid nanogels as highly capable catalysts.
{"title":"Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-chitosan nanogels for nanotechnological and catalytic applications","authors":"Zobia Ahmad , Iqra Sajid , Ahmad Hassan , Weitai Wu , Jinmeng Zhang , Ahmad Irfan , Muhammad Azam , Robina Begum , Zahoor H. Farooqi","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polymer nanogels consisting of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and chitosan [P(NC)] were synthesized using a free radical precipitation polymerization technique in an aqueous environment. This process involved the polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAM) with chitosan (CS) and a cross-linker. These P(NC) nanogels were utilized as nano-reactors for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), which were formed within the polymeric network through an in-situ reduction process using tetrachloroauric acid [H(AuCl<sub>4</sub>)] as precursor salt and sodium borohydride (NaBH<sub>4</sub>) as the reductant. Various analytical methods, including Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), were employed to confirm the formation of P(NC) nanogels and the incorporation and durability of AuNPs within the P(NC) nanogels. The AuNPs loaded P(NC) nanogels were utilized as catalysts for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NiP) into 4-aminophenol (4-AmP) in the presence of NaBH<sub>4</sub>. This system was also used to degrade a number of dyes including methylene blue (MB), methylene orange (MO), rhodamine B (RhB), brilliant blue (BB) and eosin Y ((EY) by using NaBH<sub>4</sub> as a reducing agent. The Au-P(NC) catalyst exhibited remarkable efficiency, facilitating the fast reduction of 4-NiP and degradation of dyes within a very short interval of time. This system stands out for its economic usage, as even a small quantity of it can efficiently reduce toxic pollutants like 4-NiP and dyes. The results of the reactions highlighted exceptional yield, emphasizing the effectiveness and recyclability of the Au-P(NC) hybrid nanogels as highly capable catalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 113520"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-26DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113525
Xiao-Mei Yang , Guang-Zhong Yin , Jose Hobson , Zhongjie Zhai , Junhuan Zhao , Baoqing Shentu
In this study, chitosan was integrated onto cotton fabric fibers through a Schiff base reaction, followed by the in-situ generation of Chitosan-Phytic acid (CH-PA) complex to achieve green flame retardancy. The process began with oxidizing the fabric using sodium periodate (NaIO4) to create numerous aldehyde groups on the fiber surface. Subsequently, CH was grafted onto the fabric via a Schiff base reaction. The fabric was then immersed in a PA solution to form a CH-PA complex, resulting in a novel and highly efficient flame-retardant (FR) fabric. The structure of the treated fabric was analyzed by using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), confirming the successful formation of the desired structure. The thermal stability and flame retardancy of the fabric were systematically evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), cone calorimetry (CONE), vertical combustion tests, and limiting oxygen index (LOI) measurements. The LOI increased from 17.6 % to 30.6 %, and vertical combustion tests demonstrated self-extinguishing capabilities when the fabric was treated by the NaIO4 solution at concentrations of 0.02 g/mL or higher. In the CONE test, the modified fabric showed significant improvements, with peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) decreasing by approximately 80 % and 60 %, respectively. Comprehensive analysis indicated that the FR mechanism involved both gas phase and condensed phase actions. Further characterization of the material included tensile testing and wash resistance assessments. By comparing these findings with recent research on similar topics, the advantages and disadvantages of the materials were thoroughly evaluated. Notably, this work provides a robust experimental foundation and conceptual expansion for the green flame retardancy of cotton fabrics.
{"title":"Schiff base approach to introduce chitosan-phytic acid complex for flame-retardant cotton fabrics","authors":"Xiao-Mei Yang , Guang-Zhong Yin , Jose Hobson , Zhongjie Zhai , Junhuan Zhao , Baoqing Shentu","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113525","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113525","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, chitosan was integrated onto cotton fabric fibers through a Schiff base reaction, followed by the in-situ generation of Chitosan-Phytic acid (CH-PA) complex to achieve green flame retardancy. The process began with oxidizing the fabric using sodium periodate (NaIO<sub>4</sub>) to create numerous aldehyde groups on the fiber surface. Subsequently, CH was grafted onto the fabric via a Schiff base reaction. The fabric was then immersed in a PA solution to form a CH-PA complex, resulting in a novel and highly efficient flame-retardant (FR) fabric. The structure of the treated fabric was analyzed by using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), confirming the successful formation of the desired structure. The thermal stability and flame retardancy of the fabric were systematically evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), cone calorimetry (CONE), vertical combustion tests, and limiting oxygen index (LOI) measurements. The LOI increased from 17.6 % to 30.6 %, and vertical combustion tests demonstrated self-extinguishing capabilities when the fabric was treated by the NaIO<sub>4</sub> solution at concentrations of 0.02 g/mL or higher. In the CONE test, the modified fabric showed significant improvements, with peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) decreasing by approximately 80 % and 60 %, respectively. Comprehensive analysis indicated that the FR mechanism involved both gas phase and condensed phase actions. Further characterization of the material included tensile testing and wash resistance assessments. By comparing these findings with recent research on similar topics, the advantages and disadvantages of the materials were thoroughly evaluated. Notably, this work provides a robust experimental foundation and conceptual expansion for the green flame retardancy of cotton fabrics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 113525"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-26DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113519
Kamal I. Aly , Shymaa Mostafa Ebrahium , Hani Nasser Abdelhamid , Haitham M. El-Bery , Ahmed A.K. Mohammed , Cheng-Wei Huang , Mohamed Gamal Mohamed
Ring-opening polymerization (ROP) can synthesize polybenzoxazine (PBZ) precursors from their respective benzoxazine monomers, resulting in thermosetting phenolic resins. In this study, we synthesized DADCA-DADPM BZ using 4-(tert-butyl)-2,6-bis((E)-4-hydroxybenzalidene)cyclohexan-1-one (DADCA) and 4,4′-diamino-diphenylmethane (DADPM) with paraformaldehyde. The resulting DADCA-DADPM BZ and poly(DADCA-DADPM BZ)_X materials were obtained after thermal curing polymerization at temperatures ranging from 110 to 250 °C were employed as electroactive materials in electrode preparation for supercapacitors (SCs). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed a thermal curing temperature of 230 °C, a char yield of 35 wt%, and a decomposition temperature (Td10) of 288 °C. The electroactive material DADCA-DADPM BZ and poly(DADCA-DADPM BZ)_X materials were evaluated for their suitability in SCs, showing a specific capacitance ranging from 84.6 to 166.6 F g−1, depending on the thermal curing temperature (110–250 °C). Notably, the poly(DADCA-DADPM BZ)_250 retained 60% of its capacitance efficiency after 5000 cycles at current density of 10 A g−1, highlighting its potential for recyclability.
{"title":"Efficient synthesis of main chain thermosetting polybenzoxazine resin containing tert-butylcyclohexanone and diphenylmethane units for supercapacitor energy storage","authors":"Kamal I. Aly , Shymaa Mostafa Ebrahium , Hani Nasser Abdelhamid , Haitham M. El-Bery , Ahmed A.K. Mohammed , Cheng-Wei Huang , Mohamed Gamal Mohamed","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ring-opening polymerization (ROP) can synthesize polybenzoxazine (PBZ) precursors from their respective benzoxazine monomers, resulting in thermosetting phenolic resins. In this study, we synthesized DADCA-DADPM BZ using 4-(<em>tert</em>-butyl)-2,6-bis((E)-4-hydroxybenzalidene)cyclohexan-1-one (DADCA) and 4,4′-diamino-diphenylmethane (DADPM) with paraformaldehyde. The resulting DADCA-DADPM BZ and poly(DADCA-DADPM BZ)_X materials were obtained after thermal curing polymerization at temperatures ranging from 110 to 250 °C were employed as electroactive materials in electrode preparation for supercapacitors (SCs). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed a thermal curing temperature of 230 °C, a char yield of 35 wt%, and a decomposition temperature (<em>T<sub>d10</sub></em>) of 288 °C. The electroactive material DADCA-DADPM BZ and poly(DADCA-DADPM BZ)_X materials were evaluated for their suitability in SCs, showing a specific capacitance ranging from 84.6 to 166.6 F g<sup>−1</sup>, depending on the thermal curing temperature (110–250 °C). Notably, the poly(DADCA-DADPM BZ)_250 retained 60% of its capacitance efficiency after 5000 cycles at current density of 10 A g<sup>−1</sup>, highlighting its potential for recyclability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 113519"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113517
Magdalena Godzina, Roberto Terracciano, Zivani Varanaraja, Daniel MacKinnon, C. Remzi Becer
Access to self-assembled nanoparticles has become increasingly vital for the development of next generation adjuvants for the delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics. However, the block ratio of amphiphilic block copolymers plays a significant role in achieving the desired architectures and in some cases coformulation of two different block copolymers is needed. Herein, we introduce an elegant approach to self-assembled stomatocytes and cubosomes through coformulation of PEG and poly(2-oxazoline) (POx) based lactide diblock copolymers. A series of well-defined POx macroinitiators and their block copolymers with D,L-lactide (PDLLA) has been synthesized and achieved narrow polydispersity indices at high monomer conversions. Thermal analysis of block copolymers indicated tunable glass transition temperatures (Tg) ranging from 33 °C to 56 °C. Other critical factors influencing the structure of the nanoparticle included the ratio of POx-PDLLA and PEG-PDLLA blocks as well as the hydrophobicity of the POx block. Moreover, DLS and cryo-TEM analysis revealed the formation of diverse nanostructures, namely stomatocytes, pseudo-vesicles, and possibly cubosomes. This versatile platform allows for precise control over nanoparticle shapes by adjusting block lengths and coformulation ratios. This highlights the potential of using coformulations in biomedical applications, enabling the rational design of advanced nanomaterials with tailored functionalities for specific targets.
获得自组装纳米粒子对于开发用于递送核酸治疗药物的下一代佐剂越来越重要。然而，两亲嵌段共聚物的嵌段比在实现所需的结构方面起着重要作用，在某些情况下需要两种不同嵌段共聚物的共配。在此，我们介绍了一种通过共配聚乙二醇（PEG）和聚（2-噁唑啉）（POx）为基础的内酰胺二嵌段共聚物自组装气孔体和立方体的优雅方法。我们合成了一系列定义明确的 POx 大引发剂及其与 D,L-内酰胺（PDLLA）的嵌段共聚物，并以较高的单体转化率实现了较窄的聚分散指数。嵌段共聚物的热分析表明，其玻璃化转变温度（Tg）可调，范围在 33 °C 至 56 °C 之间。影响纳米粒子结构的其他关键因素包括 POx-PDLLA 和 PEG-PDLLA 嵌段的比例以及 POx 嵌段的疏水性。此外，DLS 和 Cryo-TEM 分析表明形成了多种纳米结构，即气孔、假囊泡和可能的立方体。这种多功能平台可以通过调整嵌段长度和共配比来精确控制纳米粒子的形状。这凸显了在生物医学应用中使用共配制剂的潜力，从而能够针对特定目标合理设计具有定制功能的先进纳米材料。
{"title":"Self-assembled nanoparticles of PEG and poly(2-oxazoline) based lactide block copolymers","authors":"Magdalena Godzina, Roberto Terracciano, Zivani Varanaraja, Daniel MacKinnon, C. Remzi Becer","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113517","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113517","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Access to self-assembled nanoparticles has become increasingly vital for the development of next generation adjuvants for the delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics. However, the block ratio of amphiphilic block copolymers plays a significant role in achieving the desired architectures and in some cases coformulation of two different block copolymers is needed. Herein, we introduce an elegant approach to self-assembled stomatocytes and cubosomes through coformulation of PEG and poly(2-oxazoline) (POx) based lactide diblock copolymers. A series of well-defined POx macroinitiators and their block copolymers with D,L-lactide (PDLLA) has been synthesized and achieved narrow polydispersity indices at high monomer conversions. Thermal analysis of block copolymers indicated tunable glass transition temperatures (<em>T<sub>g</sub></em>) ranging from 33 °C to 56 °C. Other critical factors influencing the structure of the nanoparticle included the ratio of POx-PDLLA and PEG-PDLLA blocks as well as the hydrophobicity of the POx block. Moreover, DLS and cryo-TEM analysis revealed the formation of diverse nanostructures, namely stomatocytes, pseudo-vesicles, and possibly cubosomes. This versatile platform allows for precise control over nanoparticle shapes by adjusting block lengths and coformulation ratios. This highlights the potential of using coformulations in biomedical applications, enabling the rational design of advanced nanomaterials with tailored functionalities for specific targets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 113517"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113508
Xingwang Lai , Shan Huang , Jialin Zhang , Xialei Lv , Fangfang Niu , Jinhui Li
Photosensitive Solder resist (SR) materials require a high glass transition temperature (Tg > 170 °C) and a coefficient of thermal expansion matching that of copper (CTE≈17 ppm/°C) to meet the demands of manufacturing processes and application reliability. However, the commonly used epoxy resin in SR materials exhibits insufficient mechanical and thermal properties, failing to meet these requirements adequately. To address this issue, alkali-soluble photosensitive poly (amic ester) (PAE) materials were synthesized. By grafting a low-temperature curing accelerator, 6-([1,1′-biphenyl]–4-yl)–4-chloroquinoline (NQL), onto the hydroxyl groups of the PAE, the resultant grafted PAE resin was blended with an alkali-soluble photosensitive modified epoxy resin (APE) to enhance the mechanical and thermal properties of the SR composite. Research indicates that due to the low-temperature curing effect and electrostatic interactions of NQL, SR-2 (with a 10% PAE addition) exhibits a Tg of 183 °C and a CTE of 16 ppm/°C, while SR-3 (with a 30% PAE addition) achieves a Tg of 204 °C and a CTE of 20 ppm/°C. Furthermore, with the PAE addition of 5%, the lithography quality of SR is enhanced, enabling SR-1 to achieve a pattern resolution of up to 40 μm. The modification method involving PSPI blending has been shown to enhance the thermal stability, dimensional stability, and lithographic performance of SR, indicating significant potential applications in solder resist materials.
{"title":"A strategy to prepare high Tg and low CTE solder resist using alkali-soluble photosensitive polyimide","authors":"Xingwang Lai , Shan Huang , Jialin Zhang , Xialei Lv , Fangfang Niu , Jinhui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photosensitive Solder resist (SR) materials require a high glass transition temperature (<em>T</em><sub>g</sub> > 170 °C) and a coefficient of thermal expansion matching that of copper (CTE≈17 ppm/°C) to meet the demands of manufacturing processes and application reliability. However, the commonly used epoxy resin in SR materials exhibits insufficient mechanical and thermal properties, failing to meet these requirements adequately. To address this issue, alkali-soluble photosensitive poly (amic ester) (PAE) materials were synthesized. By grafting a low-temperature curing accelerator, 6-([1,1′-biphenyl]–4-yl)–4-chloroquinoline (NQL), onto the hydroxyl groups of the PAE, the resultant grafted PAE resin was blended with an alkali-soluble photosensitive modified epoxy resin (APE) to enhance the mechanical and thermal properties of the SR composite. Research indicates that due to the low-temperature curing effect and electrostatic interactions of NQL, SR-2 (with a 10% PAE addition) exhibits a <em>T</em><sub>g</sub> of 183 °C and a CTE of 16 ppm/°C, while SR-3 (with a 30% PAE addition) achieves a <em>T</em><sub>g</sub> of 204 °C and a CTE of 20 ppm/°C. Furthermore, with the PAE addition of 5%, the lithography quality of SR is enhanced, enabling SR-1 to achieve a pattern resolution of up to 40 μm. The modification method involving PSPI blending has been shown to enhance the thermal stability, dimensional stability, and lithographic performance of SR, indicating significant potential applications in solder resist materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 113508"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113529
Mingqiang Hu , Yingxue Deng , Xing Qian , Dezhan Ye , Xiancai Jiang , Gao Xiao
Conductive hydrogels have shown a great potential in the field of flexible electronics. However, it is difficult to combine high strength and high toughness in conductive hydrogels prepared by conventional methods, which limits their applications in various fields. In this work, we pioneered a facile and cost-effective strategy to prepare soy protein isolate/poly(vinyl alcohol) (SPI/PVA) conductive hydrogels with high strength, toughness, low-temperature resistance, and recyclability by introducing all the salts into the prescuor solution directly. To solve the problem of unable to directly introducing high concentration Na3Cit into the soy protein isolate/PVA solution, MgCl2 was used to alleviate the strong salting-out effect of Na3Cit. Thus the stable SPI/PVA/EG/MgCl2/Na3Cit complex solution was obtained and the SPI/PVA/EG/MgCl2/Na3Cit (SPEMS) organohydrogel was prepared by the freezing/thawing process. The optimum tensile strength of the SPEMS organohydrogel was 1.1±0.07 MPa, and the elongation at break was 701.3±23.67 %, respectively. Meanwhile, the ionic conductivity of the organohydrogel was as high as 1.7±0.01 S/m. Finally, the EG/H2O binary solvent system endowed the organohydrogel with excellent low-temperature resistance (freezing point of −19.4 °C). The strain sensors assembled with SPEMS organohydrogels were characterized by high sensitivity (GF = 3.2, strain range from 20 %–500 %) and long-term stability. The flexible all-solid-state supercapacitor assembled with SPEMS organohydrogel as the electrolyte and activated carbon as the electrodes has a high area specific capacitance (113.76 mF/cm2) and good cycling stability (capacitance retention of 81.62 % after 1,000 charging and discharging cycles) at room temperature.
{"title":"One-pot preparation of strong, tough, frost-resistant and recyclable organohydrogels via Hofmeister effect and its application for electronic devices","authors":"Mingqiang Hu , Yingxue Deng , Xing Qian , Dezhan Ye , Xiancai Jiang , Gao Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113529","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113529","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conductive hydrogels have shown a great potential in the field of flexible electronics. However, it is difficult to combine high strength and high toughness in conductive hydrogels prepared by conventional methods, which limits their applications in various fields. In this work, we pioneered a facile and cost-effective strategy to prepare soy protein isolate/poly(vinyl alcohol) (SPI/PVA) conductive hydrogels with high strength, toughness, low-temperature resistance, and recyclability by introducing all the salts into the prescuor solution directly. To solve the problem of unable to directly introducing high concentration Na<sub>3</sub>Cit into the soy protein isolate/PVA solution, MgCl<sub>2</sub> was used to alleviate the strong salting-out effect of Na<sub>3</sub>Cit. Thus the stable SPI/PVA/EG/MgCl<sub>2</sub>/Na<sub>3</sub>Cit complex solution was obtained and the SPI/PVA/EG/MgCl<sub>2</sub>/Na<sub>3</sub>Cit (SPEMS) organohydrogel was prepared by the freezing/thawing process. The optimum tensile strength of the SPEMS organohydrogel was 1.1±0.07 MPa, and the elongation at break was 701.3±23.67 %, respectively. Meanwhile, the ionic conductivity of the organohydrogel was as high as 1.7±0.01 S/m. Finally, the EG/H<sub>2</sub>O binary solvent system endowed the organohydrogel with excellent low-temperature resistance (freezing point of −19.4 °C). The strain sensors assembled with SPEMS organohydrogels were characterized by high sensitivity (<em>GF</em> = 3.2, strain range from 20 %–500 %) and long-term stability. The flexible all-solid-state supercapacitor assembled with SPEMS organohydrogel as the electrolyte and activated carbon as the electrodes has a high area specific capacitance (113.76 mF/cm<sup>2</sup>) and good cycling stability (capacitance retention of 81.62 % after 1,000 charging and discharging cycles) at room temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 113529"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-22DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113514
Guan Yang , Guangming Lu , Sisi Dai , Shu Tian , Zhongsen Ma , Yajie Zhang
Intrinsic antimicrobial properties can give polyurethanes a wider range of applications. In this work, the bio-based chain extender, 2,5-diformylfuran dioxime (DFFD) possessing antimicrobial characteristic, is used to synthesize the intrinsical antimicrobial poly(oxime-urethane) (Dx-PU) with isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and poly(tetramethylene glycol) (PTMG-1000), and its properties are investigated. The results show that the tensile strength is 19.12 ± 0.49 MPa, the Young’s modulus of the poly(oxime-urethane) is 118.70 ± 11.40 MPa. The elongation at break and Shore A hardness were 292 ± 11 % and 93 ± 2, respectively. Additionally, the Dx-PU demonstrated a high thermal decomposition temperature of over 250 °C and a low glass transition temperature of the soft segments at approximately −60 °C. Meanwhile, research on Dx-PU coating has demonstrated that Dx-PU coating is 100 % antimicrobial against E. coli and S. aureus, and is suitable for use on a wide range of substrates, including glass, engineering plastics, metal and leather with excellent adhesion (ISO 0), pencil hardness (2H), impact resistance (0.5 m·kg) and flexibility (2 mm). The Dx-PU coating also has significant antibacterial performance in everyday environments. The outstanding flexibility, moderate Young’s modulus, high elongation at break, good thermal resistance, and excellent antimicrobial performance of Dx-PU make it highly suitable for applications on high-contact surfaces such as hospital walls, public sanitation facilities, countertops, and door handles. As a bio-based chain extender from renewable sources, DFFD offers new solutions for the synthesis of bio-based antimicrobial polyurethane and its coatings.
{"title":"Synthesis and evaluation of bio-based Poly(oxime-urethane) with intrinsic antimicrobial properties","authors":"Guan Yang , Guangming Lu , Sisi Dai , Shu Tian , Zhongsen Ma , Yajie Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113514","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113514","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intrinsic antimicrobial properties can give polyurethanes a wider range of applications. In this work, the bio-based chain extender, 2,5-diformylfuran dioxime (DFFD) possessing antimicrobial characteristic, is used to synthesize the intrinsical antimicrobial poly(oxime-urethane) (Dx-PU) with isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and poly(tetramethylene glycol) (PTMG-1000), and its properties are investigated. The results show that the tensile strength is 19.12 ± 0.49 MPa, the Young’s modulus of the poly(oxime-urethane) is 118.70 ± 11.40 MPa. The elongation at break and Shore A hardness were 292 ± 11 % and 93 ± 2, respectively. Additionally, the Dx-PU demonstrated a high thermal decomposition temperature of over 250 °C and a low glass transition temperature of the soft segments at approximately −60 °C. Meanwhile, research on Dx-PU coating has demonstrated that Dx-PU coating is 100 % antimicrobial against <em>E. coli</em> and <em>S. aureus</em>, and is suitable for use on a wide range of substrates, including glass, engineering plastics, metal and leather with excellent adhesion (ISO 0), pencil hardness (2H), impact resistance (0.5 m·kg) and flexibility (2 mm). The Dx-PU coating also has significant antibacterial performance in everyday environments. The outstanding flexibility, moderate Young’s modulus, high elongation at break, good thermal resistance, and excellent antimicrobial performance of Dx-PU make it highly suitable for applications on high-contact surfaces such as hospital walls, public sanitation facilities, countertops, and door handles. As a bio-based chain extender from renewable sources, DFFD offers new solutions for the synthesis of bio-based antimicrobial polyurethane and its coatings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 113514"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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