European Polymer Journal最新文献_第10页

Multifunctional self-healing polyurethane sensors enabled by disulfide-hydrogen bond networks for human motion monitoring 多功能自修复聚氨酯传感器，由二硫化物-氢键网络实现，用于人体运动监测

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114397

Hsuan-Tzu Wen , Chih-Yu Kuo , Yu-Wei Cheng

Stretchable and self-healing polymer materials have garnered significant attention due to their extensive applications in human motion monitoring. However, once damaged, these materials do not easily achieve self-healing in a mild environment. A suitably designed polymer structure is the key to attaining both excellent stretchability and self-healing properties. In this study, dynamic disulfide bonds and hydrogen bonds were incorporated into polyurethane (PU) elastomers, and these synergistic interactions imparted superior mechanical properties and self-healing capabilities. The obtained PU elastomers exhibited a high tensile strength (3.35 MPa) and elongation at break (334 %) while achieving self-healing at room temperature within 3 h. Moreover, the self-healing was significantly accelerated at a higher temperature, as the PU elastomers completely repaired themselves within 15 min at 60 °C. A conducting polymer (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene polystyrene sulfonate, PEDOT:PSS) was deposited on the PU elastomer film to construct sensors, which were then assembled into a sandwich structure. These sensors demonstrated a high gauge factor (GF) of 14.75 at 70 %–90 % strain and the ability to effectively monitor human motion. Additionally, the PU elastomers exhibited self-healing capabilities, thereby extending the lifetime of the flexible sensors and enhancing their reliability. Such self-healing wearable electronic devices have promising applications in smart healthcare, human–machine interaction, and human motion monitoring.

可拉伸和自修复高分子材料由于其在人体运动监测中的广泛应用而引起了极大的关注。然而，这些材料一旦受损，在温和的环境中不容易实现自我修复。设计合适的聚合物结构是获得优异拉伸性能和自愈性能的关键。在这项研究中，动态二硫键和氢键被加入到聚氨酯弹性体中，这些协同作用赋予了聚氨酯优异的机械性能和自愈能力。所制得的PU弹性体具有较高的抗拉强度（3.35 MPa）和断裂伸长率（334%），在室温下可在3 h内实现自修复。此外，在较高温度下，PU弹性体的自修复速度显著加快，在60℃下可在15 min内完全修复。将导电聚合物（3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩聚苯乙烯磺酸盐，PEDOT:PSS）沉积在PU弹性体薄膜上，用于构建传感器，然后将其组装成三明治结构。这些传感器在70% - 90%应变下具有14.75的高测量因子（GF），并且能够有效地监测人体运动。此外，PU弹性体表现出自修复能力，从而延长了柔性传感器的使用寿命，提高了它们的可靠性。这种自我修复的可穿戴电子设备在智能医疗、人机交互和人体运动监测方面具有很好的应用前景。

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引用次数: 0

Tailoring ethylene terephthalate and poly(tetramethylene glycol) into poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) backbone for a delicate balance of toughness and thermostability 裁剪对苯二甲酸乙酯和聚（四亚甲基乙二醇）成聚（2,5-呋喃二羧酸乙烯）骨架，以实现韧性和热稳定性的微妙平衡

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114394

Zongwu Zhang , Mengdi Zhang , Diedie Xu , Zhenyang Li , Dan Wu , Chunbao Xu , Yongsheng Zhang , Zhaobin Tang

Substituting petroleum-based plastics with biobased alternatives is critical for eco-friendly and sustainable developments. Although poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PEF) demonstrates promising potential in packaging applications due to its excellent gas barrier properties, the lack of toughness remains to be addressed, while the conventional toughening approaches often lead to a significant compromise in thermostability. Herein, a copolymerization strategy was exploited by simultaneously integrating ethylene terephthalate (ET) units and poly(tetramethylene glycol) (PTMG) segments into the backbone of PEF. Owing to the rational chain-polarity, chain-flexibility and bonding energy regulation, toughness and thermostability of the resultant copolyesters are well-balanced. When the molar ratio of terephthalic acid/2,5-furandicarboxylic acid is controlled at 3:7, and the mass fraction of PTMG accounted for 30 wt% of ethylene glycol, the elongation at break of PEFT₃₀MG₃₀ is significantly increased from 2.9 % to 138.3 %, accompanied by a remarkable increase in toughness to 38.3 MJ/m³, as well as maintaining a high 5 % weight loss temperature of 363.2 °C. Although the gas barrier properties are inevitably compromised, they still remain comparable states of petroleum-based poly(ethylene terephthalate) packaging materials. This study presents an effective molecular-level strategy to toughen PEF, highlighting a feasible path for practical applications.

用生物基塑料替代品替代石油基塑料对生态友好和可持续发展至关重要。尽管聚乙烯醇2,5-呋喃二羧酸酯（PEF）由于其优异的气体阻隔性能在包装应用中表现出很大的潜力，但缺乏韧性仍然有待解决，而传统的增韧方法往往会导致热稳定性的重大妥协。本文采用了一种共聚策略，将对苯二甲酸乙酯（ET）单元和聚四亚甲基乙二醇（PTMG）段同时整合到PEF的骨架中。由于合理的链极性、链柔韧性和键能调节，所制共聚聚酯的韧性和热稳定性得到了很好的平衡。当对苯二甲酸与2,5-呋喃二羧酸的摩尔比控制在3:7，PTMG的质量分数占乙二醇的30 wt%时，PEFT30MG30的断裂伸长率从2.9%显著提高到138.3%，韧性显著提高到38.3 MJ/m3，并保持了363.2℃的5%的高失重温度。虽然气体屏障性能不可避免地受到损害，但它们仍然保持与石油基聚（对苯二甲酸乙酯）包装材料相当的状态。本研究提出了一种有效的分子水平增韧PEF策略，为实际应用提供了一条可行的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Overcoming the PEG dilemma with Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) lipids in lipid nanoparticle formulations 克服聚乙二醇困境与聚（2-乙基-2-恶唑啉）脂质在脂质纳米颗粒配方

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114392

Randall W. Moreadith, Wookhyun Kim, Kelley Smith, Kunsang Yoon, Rebecca Weimer, Zhihao Fang

The introduction of PEG as a platform for drug delivery has revolutionized therapeutics across a myriad of drug classes – proteins, aptamers, small molecules, liposomes and more recently lipid nanoparticles. In the “pre-COVID-19 era” the incidence of adverse events to PEGylated therapeutics, and in particular serious adverse events, were rare. In the “post-COVID-19 era” where a majority of patients show boosted anti-PEG antibodies following vaccination the occurrence of adverse events is more common. This was heralded by an unusually high incidence rate of anaphylaxis during the global role out of the mRNA vaccines. The data suggest the major cause of anaphylaxis is pre-existing anti-PEG antibodies that are likely the result of PEG as an excipient in common household items from cosmetics to deodorant. Vaccination with the mRNA vaccines has been shown to boost anti-PEG IgM and IgG antibodies, with the Moderna vaccination in particular. We believe it is particularly important to address “the PEG dilemma” now as LNP technology enters mainstream medicine as an approach to address gene therapy, cancer vaccines, protein replacement and ultimately much more common disorders such as hypertension and diabetes.

PEG作为药物传递平台的引入已经彻底改变了无数药物类别的治疗方法-蛋白质，适体，小分子，脂质体和最近的脂质纳米颗粒。在“前covid -19时代”，聚乙二醇化治疗药物的不良事件，特别是严重不良事件的发生率很低。在“后covid -19时代”，大多数患者在接种疫苗后显示抗peg抗体增强，不良事件的发生更为常见。这预示着在mRNA疫苗的全球作用期间过敏性反应的异常高发生率。数据表明，过敏反应的主要原因是预先存在的抗聚乙二醇抗体，这可能是聚乙二醇作为从化妆品到除臭剂等常见家居用品的辅料的结果。mRNA疫苗接种已被证明可增强抗peg IgM和IgG抗体，特别是Moderna疫苗接种。我们认为，随着LNP技术作为一种解决基因治疗、癌症疫苗、蛋白质替代以及高血压和糖尿病等更常见疾病的方法进入主流医学，解决“PEG困境”尤为重要。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of end-group functionality and composition on the antifungal activity and biocompatibility of polyacrylamide-based polymers 端基官能团和组成对聚丙烯酰胺基聚合物抗真菌活性和生物相容性的影响

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114384

Hatu Gmedhin , Peifeng Wu , Zi Gu , Megan D. Lenardon , Cyrille Boyer

Drug-resistant invasive fungal infections are a growing health threat, prompting the development of synthetic antifungal polymers as alternative therapeutic platforms. Here, we report the systematic design of polyacrylamide terpolymers synthesized via photoinduced electron/energy transfer–reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerization. Molecular weight, varied by controlling chain length, determined antifungal selectivity: shorter polymers exhibited superior selectivity against Candida species. Chain-length thresholds were identified for Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis, while Candida parapsilosis responded most strongly to the lowest-molecular-weight (MW) analogs. To investigate the combined influence of the polymer end-group functionality and molecular composition, three distinct chain-transfer agents (RAFT agents) were employed, and composition was systematically tuned. Selective ω–end-group modification was then performed to introduce either hydroxyl (–OH) or hydrophobic heptyl groups. End-group functionality, together with composition control, governed structure–activity relationships, enabling the precise tuning of antifungal activity and biocompatibility. This integrated design strategy establishes molecular-level principles to guide the rational development of antifungal polymers.

耐药侵袭性真菌感染是日益严重的健康威胁，促使合成抗真菌聚合物作为替代治疗平台的发展。在这里，我们报告了通过光诱导电子/能量转移-可逆加成-破碎链转移（PET-RAFT）聚合合成聚丙烯酰胺三元聚合物的系统设计。分子量随控制链长的变化而变化，决定了抗真菌的选择性：较短的聚合物对念珠菌具有更好的选择性。白色念珠菌和热带念珠菌的链长阈值被确定，而假丝酵母菌对最低分子量（MW）类似物的反应最强烈。为了研究聚合物端基功能和分子组成的综合影响，采用了三种不同的链转移剂（RAFT），并对其组成进行了系统调整。然后进行选择性ω端基修饰以引入羟基（-OH）或疏水庚基。端基功能，连同组成控制，控制结构-活性关系，使抗真菌活性和生物相容性精确调节。这种综合设计策略建立了分子水平的原则，以指导抗真菌聚合物的合理开发。

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引用次数: 0

Expanding the scope of flame retardant cellulose phosphorylation by employing TDI as a highly reactive key intermediate for phosphorus incorporation 利用TDI作为高活性的磷掺入关键中间体，扩大了阻燃纤维素磷酸化的范围

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114393

Ayoub Abarkan , Nafea Achalhi , Brahim Elmekaoui , Ridouan El Yousfi , Abderrahman El Idrissi

Novel phosphorylated cellulose derivatives were synthesized selecting toluene diisocyanate (TDI) as a highly reactive intermediate efficiently bridging cellulose hydroxyl groups with dialkyl phosphite (DAP) and dialkyl hydroxymethylphosphonate (DAHMP). The latter was synthesized via Pudovik reaction of DAP and paraformaldehyde. Carbamation reaction of cellulose with these reagents were conducted at molar ratios of 6:1, 9:1, and 12:1 of TDI-DAP/anhydroglucose unit (AGU) and TDI-DAHMP/AGU, producing cellulose TDI-DAP (C-TDI-DAP) and cellulose TDI-DAHMP (C-TDI-DAHMP). The degree of substitution (DS) was highest at the 9:1 ratio, while the 12:1 ratio showed slightly lower DS, attributed to steric hindrance. Structural characterizations were performed using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), confirming successful phosphorylation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed amorphization, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed lower glass transition temperatures (T_g), indicating disrupted crystallinity and increased molecular flexibility. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed lower onset degradation temperatures (T_onset), lower maximum weight-loss temperature (T_max), and significantly higher char residues, demonstrating enhanced char-forming ability, particularly for C-TDI-DAHMP containing the P–C bond, which showed the highest char residue content. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) confirmed morphological modification and phosphorus incorporation. Micro-combustion calorimetry (MCC) demonstrated significant reduction in peak heat release rate (PHRR), temperature at peak heat release rate (TPHRR), and total heat release (THR), confirming enhanced flame retardancy imparted by phosphorus incorporation. Derivatives bearing P–C bond exhibited the best flame retardant performance owing to the action of the P–C linkage that promotes cohesive char formation and suppresses volatile release during combustion.

以甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）为中间体，合成了新型的磷酸化纤维素衍生物，并将其与磷酸二烷基酯（DAP）和二烷基羟甲基膦酸二烷基酯（DAHMP）高效桥接。后者是通过DAP和多聚甲醛的Pudovik反应合成的。分别以TDI-DAP/无水葡萄糖单元（AGU）和TDI-DAHMP/AGU的摩尔比为6:1、9:1和12:1，对纤维素进行碳化反应，制得纤维素TDI-DAP （C-TDI-DAP）和纤维素TDI-DAHMP （C-TDI-DAHMP）。取代度（DS）在9:1比时最高，而在12:1比时稍低，这是位阻作用的结果。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和核磁共振（NMR）对结构进行了表征，证实了成功的磷酸化。x射线衍射（XRD）显示非晶化，差示扫描量热法（DSC）显示玻璃化转变温度（Tg）降低，表明结晶度被破坏，分子柔韧性增加。热重分析（TGA）表明，起始降解温度（Tonset）较低，最大失重温度（Tmax）较低，炭残量显著增加，表明炭形成能力增强，特别是含有P-C键的C-TDI-DAHMP，其炭残量最高。扫描电子显微镜和能量色散x射线光谱（SEM/EDX）证实了形态改变和磷的掺入。微燃烧量热法（MCC）显示，峰值放热率（PHRR）、峰值放热率温度（TPHRR）和总放热率（THR）显著降低，证实了磷的加入增强了阻燃性。含P-C键的衍生物表现出最好的阻燃性能，这是由于P-C键在燃烧过程中促进了内聚炭的形成，抑制了挥发性物质的释放。

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引用次数: 0

Side-chain engineering drives biocompatibility in polythiophenes 侧链工程驱动聚噻吩的生物相容性

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114388

Katsiaryna Arkhiptsava , Jan Richtár , Jan Truksa , Dogukan Hazar Apaydin , Jan Víteček , Michal Kalina , Dominik Eder , Jozef Krajčovič

With the development of organic bioelectronics, there is an increasing demand for materials that can efficiently interact with the biological nvironment. We present a synthesis of polythiophenalkanoates with amino-acid-bearing (lysine-terminated) oligo(ethylene glycol) (oEG) side chains designed to enhance biocompatibility and electronic functionality. Using an oxidative direct aryl polymerization method, we have achieved a high degree of regioregularity (up to 80%) while reducing environmental trace (atom economy and less synthetic steps) compared to traditional polymerization methods such as Stille or Suzuki polymerization. The incorporation of lysine into the main chain of the polymer linked to oligo(ethylene glycol) chains increased its hydrophilic character. The materials were thoroughly investigated using various analytical techniques including UV/vis absorption and emission, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), size exclusion chromatography coupled with multiangle light scattering (SEC-MALS), water contact angle and cyclic voltammetry. Most of the synthetized polymers exerted good potential for biocompatibility as evidenced in tests with MS1 endothelial cells. This work presents an innovative strategy to synthesis of organic conjugated polymers bearing original biocompatibilising side chains for the development of interfaces between biotic and artificial milieu.

随着有机生物电子学的发展，人们对能够有效地与生物环境相互作用的材料的需求越来越大。我们提出了一种具有氨基酸（赖氨酸端）寡聚（乙二醇）（oEG）侧链的聚噻吩烷酸酯的合成，旨在提高生物相容性和电子功能。使用氧化直接芳基聚合方法，与传统的聚合方法（如Stille或Suzuki聚合）相比，我们实现了高度的区域规整性（高达80%），同时减少了环境痕迹（原子经济性和较少的合成步骤）。赖氨酸加入到与低聚乙二醇链相连的聚合物主链中，增加了其亲水性。采用各种分析技术，包括紫外/可见吸收和发射、热重分析（TGA）、凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）、多角度光散射粒度排除色谱（SEC-MALS）、水接触角和循环伏安法对材料进行了全面的研究。大多数合成的聚合物具有良好的生物相容性潜力，与MS1内皮细胞的试验证明了这一点。这项工作提出了一种创新的策略来合成具有原始生物相容性侧链的有机共轭聚合物，用于开发生物和人工环境之间的界面。

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引用次数: 0

Tunable phenolic-modified alginate–chitosan semi-IPNs as multifunctional platforms for localized antimicrobial and antioxidant therapy 可调酚修饰海藻酸盐壳聚糖半ipn作为局部抗菌和抗氧化治疗的多功能平台

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114389

Elisabetta Grazia Tomarchio , Chiara Zagni , Giusy Curcuruto , Virginia Fuochi , Salvatore Furnari , Pio Maria Furneri , Sabrina Carola Carroccio , Antonio Rescifina

Biopolymer-based hydrogels offer a versatile platform for drug delivery thanks to their biocompatibility, use of natural polymers, and tunable properties. In this study, we developed semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) hydrogels composed of alginate (ALG) and chitosan (CS), chemically modified with caffeic acid (CA) and gallic acid (GA), to enhance both antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. The resulting hydrogels showed tunable physical states, high porosity, and good thermal stability, transitioning from liquid dispersions to solid forms under different conditions. Lomefloxacin was loaded to test local delivery performance. Drug release profiles revealed that the modification influenced release: the ALG-CS_CA hydrogel released about 61 % of Lomefloxacin, while the ALG-CS_GA hydrogel released approximately 43 %, in line with their swelling behavior. Incorporation of phenolic acids significantly boosted antioxidant capacity, with the GA-modified hydrogel reaching over 80 % scavenging activity. Tests against Staphylococcus aureus confirmed improved antimicrobial activity compared to unmodified ALG-CS matrices. Overall, these fully bio-based, metal-free semi-IPNs combine biocompatibility, antimicrobial and antioxidant functions, and tunable release properties. This sustainable system, based only on natural polymers and mild chemical functionalization, shows strong potential for safe, scalable biomedical applications in localized therapies for infection-prone or inflamed tissues. This green design offers practical advantages for future scale-up and sustainable production.

基于生物聚合物的水凝胶由于其生物相容性、天然聚合物的使用和可调特性，为药物输送提供了一个通用的平台。在这项研究中，我们开发了半互穿聚合物网络（半ipn）水凝胶，由海藻酸盐（ALG）和壳聚糖（CS）组成，用咖啡酸（CA）和没食子酸（GA）进行化学修饰，以提高抗菌和抗氧化活性。制备的水凝胶具有物理状态可调、孔隙率高、热稳定性好等特点，在不同条件下可从液体分散体转变为固体形态。装载洛美沙星以测试局部递送性能。药物释放曲线显示，修饰影响了释放：ALG-CS_CA水凝胶释放约61%的洛美沙星，而ALG-CS_GA水凝胶释放约43%的洛美沙星，与它们的溶胀行为一致。酚酸的掺入显著提高了抗氧化能力，ga修饰的水凝胶的清除活性达到80%以上。对金黄色葡萄球菌的试验证实，与未经修饰的ALG-CS基质相比，其抗菌活性有所提高。总的来说，这些完全基于生物的，不含金属的半ipn结合了生物相容性，抗菌和抗氧化功能，以及可调节的释放特性。这种可持续的系统仅基于天然聚合物和温和的化学功能化，在易发感染或炎症组织的局部治疗中显示出强大的安全、可扩展的生物医学应用潜力。这种绿色设计为未来的规模扩大和可持续生产提供了实际优势。

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引用次数: 0

Toward sustainable upcycling of vulcanized rubber: advances, applications, and future directions in polybutadiene-based materials 硫化橡胶的可持续升级回收：聚丁二烯基材料的进展、应用和未来方向

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114391

Janna Jeschke , Hatice Mutlu

As of 2025, the upcycling of vulcanized rubber has emerged as a critical focus in sustainable polymer science, driven by mounting environmental concerns and increasing volumes of end-of-life elastomers, particularly from waste tires. Due to their permanent crosslinked networks and complex additive compositions, vulcanized rubbers remain resistant to conventional recycling. Recent advances have demonstrated promising strategies for their chemical transformation into value-added materials such as activated carbons, electrochemical components, structural composites, and polymeric intermediates. This review consolidates developments in oxidative degradation, pyrolysis, metathesis chemistry, and covalent adaptive networks, with a focus on polybutadiene-based materials. Process limitations, such as feedstock heterogeneity, harsh reaction conditions, and limited circular reintegration, are critically evaluated. Looking ahead, enhanced mechanistic understanding and tailored upcycling pathways are needed to bridge the gap between laboratory research and scalable, sustainable solutions.

截至2025年，受日益严重的环境问题和越来越多的报废弹性体（特别是来自废旧轮胎的弹性体）的推动，硫化橡胶的升级回收已成为可持续聚合物科学的一个关键焦点。由于其永久交联网络和复杂的添加剂组成，硫化橡胶仍然抵抗传统的回收。最近的进展已经证明了将其化学转化为增值材料（如活性炭、电化学组分、结构复合材料和聚合物中间体）的有希望的策略。本文综述了氧化降解、热解、复分解化学和共价自适应网络的研究进展，重点介绍了聚丁二烯基材料。工艺限制，如原料不均一性，苛刻的反应条件，和有限的循环重新整合，严格评估。展望未来，需要加强对机理的理解和量身定制的升级回收途径，以弥合实验室研究与可扩展、可持续解决方案之间的差距。

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引用次数: 0

Advances in high-strength lubricating hydrogels 高强度润滑水凝胶的研究进展

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114390

Jiaqi Feng , Axiang Jin , Jiayue Li , Zhanxiong Yu , Jin Li , Mingzhu Liu , Yifeng Cao , Weifeng Lin

High-strength lubricating hydrogels combine outstanding mechanical properties (e.g., high compressive/tensile strength) with ultra-low coefficient of friction (COF), while exhibiting biocompatibility, environmental responsiveness, and self-healing capabilities. They are primarily used in artificial joints, surgical instrument coatings, flexible electronics, soft robotics, and industrial lubrication, with particularly promising potential in biomedical and bionic engineering applications. In this review, we first elucidate the fundamental lubrication mechanisms of hydrogels, providing critical insights for their structural design. Subsequently, we systematically summarized the latest advances in high-strength lubricating hydrogels and categorized them based on innovative design strategies, including the design and optimization of overall structures, methods for surface modification, the regulation of lubricating properties and so on. These findings offer a robust framework for developing next-generation bio-lubricating materials with enhanced performance to meet the demanding requirements of practical applications.

高强度润滑水凝胶结合了优异的机械性能（如高抗压/抗拉强度）和超低摩擦系数（COF），同时具有生物相容性、环境响应性和自愈能力。它们主要用于人造关节、手术器械涂层、柔性电子、软机器人和工业润滑，在生物医学和仿生工程应用方面具有特别大的潜力。在这篇综述中，我们首先阐明了水凝胶的基本润滑机制，为其结构设计提供了关键的见解。随后，系统总结了高强度润滑水凝胶的最新研究进展，并从整体结构设计与优化、表面改性方法、润滑性能调节等创新设计策略对其进行了分类。这些发现为开发具有更高性能的下一代生物润滑材料提供了坚实的框架，以满足实际应用的苛刻要求。

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引用次数: 0

Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) in antimicrobial and functional Interfaces: A comprehensive review 聚二烯基二甲基氯化铵在抗菌和功能界面中的应用综述

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114386

Paula Reginatto , Ricardo Keitel Donato , Katarzyna Zawada Donato , Kervin Osório Mores Fragoso , Geany Gonçalves Corrêa Cegielski , Pedro Rocha de Camargo , Gustavo Pozza Silveira , Alexandre Meneghello Fuentefria

Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) is a water-soluble cationic polyelectrolyte extensively applied in industrial, environmental, and biomedical systems due to its high charge density and electrostatic functionality. This review consolidates recent advances (2019–2024) in the synthesis, physicochemical properties, and multifunctional applications of PDADMAC, with particular emphasis on antimicrobial interfaces and microbiological performance. PDADMAC enables the fabrication of electrostatically assembled materials, including nanofiltration membranes, hydrogels, and contact-active coatings. Its incorporation into hybrid nanocomposites and biosensors enhances biofilm disruption, pathogen capture, and diagnostic sensitivity. Synergistic effects with antifungal agents have also been reported, especially in potentiation platforms based on PDADMAC. Analytical techniques such as RP-IP LC–ESI-MS support trace-level detection of residual DADMAC monomer in treated water and formulations. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate cytocompatibility and wound-healing performance, reinforcing its potential for clinical and environmental use. Applications span membrane functionalization, electrochemical sensing, biomedical coatings, and responsive hydrogels. This review provides a critical framework for researchers and developers working on polyelectrolyte-based functional materials, and highlights emerging opportunities for antimicrobial innovation, toxicological evaluation, and the development of sustainable formulations.

聚二烯基二甲基氯化铵（PDADMAC）是一种水溶性阳离子聚电解质，因其具有高电荷密度和静电功能而广泛应用于工业、环境和生物医学系统。本文综述了PDADMAC的合成、理化性质和多功能应用方面的最新进展（2019-2024），重点介绍了PDADMAC的抗菌界面和微生物学性能。PDADMAC可以制造静电组装材料，包括纳滤膜、水凝胶和接触活性涂层。将其结合到混合纳米复合材料和生物传感器中，可以增强生物膜破坏、病原体捕获和诊断灵敏度。与抗真菌药物的协同作用也有报道，特别是在基于PDADMAC的增强平台上。RP-IP LC-ESI-MS等分析技术支持处理水和配方中残留的DADMAC单体的痕量检测。体外和体内研究证明了细胞相容性和伤口愈合性能，增强了其临床和环境应用的潜力。应用领域包括膜功能化、电化学传感、生物医学涂层和反应性水凝胶。这篇综述为研究基于聚电解质的功能材料的研究人员和开发人员提供了一个重要的框架，并强调了抗菌创新、毒理学评估和可持续配方开发的新机遇。

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