European Polymer Journal最新文献

英文中文

Highly thermally stable polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane based on diacetal-functionalized polybenzoxazine nanocomposites

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113649

Mohsin Ejaz , Mohamed Gamal Mohamed , Wei-Chun Huang , Yang-Chin Kao , Wei-Cheng Chen , Shiao-Wei Kuo

An increasing number of high-performance industries are prioritizing the use of polymeric materials with exceptional thermal stability to support long-term advancements toward a more sustainable future. In this study, we first synthesized an allyl-functionalized benzoxazine (BZ) with a diacetal structure by reacting 4,4′-(2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,9-diyl)diphenol (ACE) with allylamine in the presence of paraformaldehyde to obtain ACE-BZ monomer. Highly thermally stable organic-inorganic benzoxazines were subsequently prepared through a hydrosilylation reaction of ACE-BZ with double-decker silsesquioxane (DDSQ) and octakis(dimethylsilyloxy)octasilsesquioxane (ODMS-POSS), yielding DDSQ-ACE-BZ and POSS-ACE-BZ polymer networks, respectively. The chemical structures of ACE-BZ, DDSQ-ACE-BZ, and POSS-ACE-BZ were confirmed using FTIR, ¹H NMR, and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy; respectively. The thermal curing peaks, ring-opening polymerization (ROP) behavior, and thermal stability properties of the ACE-BZ, DDSQ-ACE-BZ, and POSS-ACE-BZ were analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), FTIR and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). After thermal curing, the thermal stability (T_d10 ,char yields) of poly(ACE-BZ), poly(DDSQ-ACE-BZ), and poly(POSS-ACE-BZ) were (435 °C, 46 wt%), (544 °C, 75 wt%), and (510 °C, 74 wt%), respectively. Notably, poly(DDSQ-ACE-BZ) demonstrated superior thermal stability compared to poly(POSS-ACE-BZ), primarily attributed to the inherently higher thermal stability of the rigid DDSQ moiety relative to POSS. Based on our current understanding, the DDSQ-based polybenzoxazine resin discussed in this study demonstrates the highest thermal stability that has been documented so far.

{"title":"Highly thermally stable polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane based on diacetal-functionalized polybenzoxazine nanocomposites","authors":"Mohsin Ejaz , Mohamed Gamal Mohamed , Wei-Chun Huang , Yang-Chin Kao , Wei-Cheng Chen , Shiao-Wei Kuo","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113649","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An increasing number of high-performance industries are prioritizing the use of polymeric materials with exceptional thermal stability to support long-term advancements toward a more sustainable future. In this study, we first synthesized an allyl-functionalized benzoxazine (BZ) with a diacetal structure by reacting 4,4′-(2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,9-diyl)diphenol (ACE) with allylamine in the presence of paraformaldehyde to obtain ACE-BZ monomer. Highly thermally stable organic-inorganic benzoxazines were subsequently prepared through a hydrosilylation reaction of ACE-BZ with double-decker silsesquioxane (DDSQ) and octakis(dimethylsilyloxy)octasilsesquioxane (ODMS-POSS), yielding DDSQ-ACE-BZ and POSS-ACE-BZ polymer networks, respectively. The chemical structures of ACE-BZ, DDSQ-ACE-BZ, and POSS-ACE-BZ were confirmed using FTIR, <sup>1</sup>H NMR, and <sup>13</sup>C NMR spectroscopy; respectively. The thermal curing peaks, ring-opening polymerization (ROP) behavior, and thermal stability properties of the ACE-BZ, DDSQ-ACE-BZ, and POSS-ACE-BZ were analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), FTIR and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). After thermal curing, the thermal stability (<em>T<sub>d10</sub></em> ,char yields) of poly(ACE-BZ), poly(DDSQ-ACE-BZ), and poly(POSS-ACE-BZ) were (435 °C, 46 wt%), (544 °C, 75 wt%), and (510 °C, 74 wt%), respectively. Notably, poly(DDSQ-ACE-BZ) demonstrated superior thermal stability compared to poly(POSS-ACE-BZ), primarily attributed to the inherently higher thermal stability of the rigid DDSQ moiety relative to POSS. Based on our current understanding, the DDSQ-based polybenzoxazine resin discussed in this study demonstrates the highest thermal stability that has been documented so far.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 113649"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143270234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Radical polymerization of itaconic acid in dipolar aprotic solvents − The effect of high monomer concentration

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113632

Kacper Mielczarek , Hynek Beneš , Szczepan Bednarz

In this study, the dipolar aprotic solvents were used as reaction systems for homopolymerization of itaconic acid (IA). The influence of the dipolar aprotic solvent properties, as represented by the Kamlet-Taft parameters, on the solubility of IA was elucidated using the Linear Solvation Energy Relationships (LSER). Hydrogen bonding in IA solutions was investigated through FT-IR spectroscopy and viscosity measurements. It was found that high IA solubility caused by strong hydrogen bond basicity of the solvents, is a key factor affecting its radical polymerization process, as evidenced by the exponential increase in the molecular weight of the resulting poly(itaconic acid) (PIA) with increasing initial IA concentration. This phenomenon can be explained by diffusion controlled termination of polymerization caused by viscosity of the reaction system. Among the solvents tested, DMSO was identified as the most suitable solvent for IA polymerization due to its high solubility. By using this solvent, average molecular weight of the resulting PIA could be tuned over a wide range from 1 000 to 100 000 g/mol.

{"title":"Radical polymerization of itaconic acid in dipolar aprotic solvents − The effect of high monomer concentration","authors":"Kacper Mielczarek , Hynek Beneš , Szczepan Bednarz","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113632","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113632","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the dipolar aprotic solvents were used as reaction systems for homopolymerization of itaconic acid (IA). The influence of the dipolar aprotic solvent properties, as represented by the Kamlet-Taft parameters, on the solubility of IA was elucidated using the Linear Solvation Energy Relationships (LSER). Hydrogen bonding in IA solutions was investigated through FT-IR spectroscopy and viscosity measurements. It was found that high IA solubility caused by strong hydrogen bond basicity of the solvents, is a key factor affecting its radical polymerization process, as evidenced by the exponential increase in the molecular weight of the resulting poly(itaconic acid) (PIA) with increasing initial IA concentration. This phenomenon can be explained by diffusion controlled termination of polymerization caused by viscosity of the reaction system. Among the solvents tested, DMSO was identified as the most suitable solvent for IA polymerization due to its high solubility. By using this solvent, average molecular weight of the resulting PIA could be tuned over a wide range from 1 000 to 100000 g/mol.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 113632"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143270151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synthesis of aramid nanomaterials by in-situ solution polymerization and application in reinforcement of polyvinyl chloride

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113618

Xiangjun Gong , Wei Guo , Zhiping Zhao , Changmei Sun , Ying Zhang , Rongjun Qu , Yunxia Shen , Ying Wang

Traditionally, aramid fibers or nanofibers (ANFs) consist of poly-p-phenylene terephthanlamide (PPTA) molecules, which can be used to reinforce polar polymers containing the same polar groups (e.g., C = O and –NH-). In this paper, aramid nanomaterials (ANM) were synthesized directly from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) matrix solution using “bottom-up” in-situ method to improve the poor toughness of PVC. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that ANM was uniformly dispersed in PVC matrix, and the morphology of ANM synthesized in different solvents was different, with slightly different modification effects. ANM shows two characteristic peaks of 1536 cm⁻¹ and 1339 cm⁻¹ in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), which are characteristic of PPTA, and shows the same 2θ angles of 18°, 22°, and 27° as PPTA in X-ray diffraction (XRD). In terms of the mechanical properties of the composites, the addition of ANM can significantly increase the toughness and strength of PVC and improve the corrosion resistance of the material, in which the toughness increase rate of ANM/PVC/DMF-4 is 861.7 %.

{"title":"Synthesis of aramid nanomaterials by in-situ solution polymerization and application in reinforcement of polyvinyl chloride","authors":"Xiangjun Gong , Wei Guo , Zhiping Zhao , Changmei Sun , Ying Zhang , Rongjun Qu , Yunxia Shen , Ying Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113618","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113618","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditionally, aramid fibers or nanofibers (ANFs) consist of poly-<em>p</em>-phenylene terephthanlamide (PPTA) molecules, which can be used to reinforce polar polymers containing the same polar groups (e.g., C = O and –NH-). In this paper, aramid nanomaterials (ANM) were synthesized directly from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) matrix solution using “bottom-up” in-situ method to improve the poor toughness of PVC. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that ANM was uniformly dispersed in PVC matrix, and the morphology of ANM synthesized in different solvents was different, with slightly different modification effects. ANM shows two characteristic peaks of 1536 cm<sup>−1</sup> and 1339 cm<sup>−1</sup> in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), which are characteristic of PPTA, and shows the same 2θ angles of 18°, 22°, and 27° as PPTA in X-ray diffraction (XRD). In terms of the mechanical properties of the composites, the addition of ANM can significantly increase the toughness and strength of PVC and improve the corrosion resistance of the material, in which the toughness increase rate of ANM/PVC/DMF-4 is 861.7 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 113618"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143269341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bulk depolymerization of PMMA using difunctional pyromellitic or monofunctional phthalimidic ATRP initiators

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113646

Ferdinando De Luca Bossa, Gorkem Yilmaz, Carlo Gericke, Krzysztof Matyjaszewski

This study presents a new approach for enhancing the depolymerization efficiency of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by incorporating multiple depolymerization sites within the polymer chains. Four distinct PMMA polymers were synthesized, each bearing different combinations of phthalimide ester and chloride, or bromide functionalities placed in specific positions in the polymer chain. The polymers were prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization. Increasing the number of activation sites enhanced the depolymerization yield. Experiments conducted under reduced pressure in bulk revealed depolymerization yields ranging from 73 % to 86 % achieved within 30 min at 220 °C. Thermogravimetric analysis performed on polymers with four different molecular weights demonstrated the efficiency of this approach also for polymers with higher molecular weights. A similar strategy was also performed on crosslinked networks by incorporating activatable pyromellitic moieties to reach 85 % of depolymerization yield. This strategy demonstrates the potential for efficient depolymerization of PMMA at relatively low catalyst loadings and temperatures, offering promising prospects for sustainable polymer recycling processes.

{"title":"Bulk depolymerization of PMMA using difunctional pyromellitic or monofunctional phthalimidic ATRP initiators","authors":"Ferdinando De Luca Bossa, Gorkem Yilmaz, Carlo Gericke, Krzysztof Matyjaszewski","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a new approach for enhancing the depolymerization efficiency of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by incorporating multiple depolymerization sites within the polymer chains. Four distinct PMMA polymers were synthesized, each bearing different combinations of phthalimide ester and chloride, or bromide functionalities placed in specific positions in the polymer chain. The polymers were prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization. Increasing the number of activation sites enhanced the depolymerization yield. Experiments conducted under reduced pressure in bulk revealed depolymerization yields ranging from 73 % to 86 % achieved within 30 min at 220 °C. Thermogravimetric analysis performed on polymers with four different molecular weights demonstrated the efficiency of this approach also for polymers with higher molecular weights. A similar strategy was also performed on crosslinked networks by incorporating activatable pyromellitic moieties to reach 85 % of depolymerization yield. This strategy demonstrates the potential for efficient depolymerization of PMMA at relatively low catalyst loadings and temperatures, offering promising prospects for sustainable polymer recycling processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 113646"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143270033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Controlling size of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals and their distance onto conductive supports by exploiting block copolymers self-assembly

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113631

Anna Malafronte , Immacolata Mazzuoccolo , Alessandro Emendato , Fabio Matteocci , Aldo Di Carlo , Claudio De Rosa

The properties of devices based on perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) thin films critically depend on the size, morphology and nanoscale arrangement of NCs that can influence and improve the photophysical properties of perovskite. We present a simple method based on block copolymers (BCPs) self-assembly to fabricate nanostructured thin films, onto solid conductive supports, characterized by a controlled positioning of lead halide perovskite NCs at nanoscale. In particular, spherical micelles of polystyrene-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-PVP) BCPs were used as nanoreactors for the synthesis of CsPbBr₃ nanocrystals and as templates to control the organization of NCs onto conductive solid supports. We used indium tin oxide (ITO), tin oxide-coated ITO (ITO + SnO₂) and nickel oxide-coated ITO (ITO + NiO), largely used in optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices, as conductive supports. This strategy results in a selective infiltration of perovskite NCs into spherical micelles of the BCP and consequent defined positioning of NCs onto the conductive supports. Moreover, we demonstrated that using two different PS-PVP copolymers characterized by different molecular masses of both PS and PVP blocks, it is possible to regulate the size of nanoclusters of perovskite NCs and their distance onto the solid supports at nanoscale. This confirms the high versatility of BCPs in fabricating materials with controlled morphology at nanoscale, which offers an opportunity to tune the properties of the final material.

{"title":"Controlling size of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals and their distance onto conductive supports by exploiting block copolymers self-assembly","authors":"Anna Malafronte , Immacolata Mazzuoccolo , Alessandro Emendato , Fabio Matteocci , Aldo Di Carlo , Claudio De Rosa","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113631","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113631","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The properties of devices based on perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) thin films critically depend on the size, morphology and nanoscale arrangement of NCs that can influence and improve the photophysical properties of perovskite. We present a simple method based on block copolymers (BCPs) self-assembly to fabricate nanostructured thin films, onto solid conductive supports, characterized by a controlled positioning of lead halide perovskite NCs at nanoscale. In particular, spherical micelles of polystyrene-<em>b</em>-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-PVP) BCPs were used as nanoreactors for the synthesis of CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> nanocrystals and as templates to control the organization of NCs onto conductive solid supports. We used indium tin oxide (ITO), tin oxide-coated ITO (ITO + SnO<sub>2</sub>) and nickel oxide-coated ITO (ITO + NiO), largely used in optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices, as conductive supports. This strategy results in a selective infiltration of perovskite NCs into spherical micelles of the BCP and consequent defined positioning of NCs onto the conductive supports. Moreover, we demonstrated that using two different PS-PVP copolymers characterized by different molecular masses of both PS and PVP blocks, it is possible to regulate the size of nanoclusters of perovskite NCs and their distance onto the solid supports at nanoscale. This confirms the high versatility of BCPs in fabricating materials with controlled morphology at nanoscale, which offers an opportunity to tune the properties of the final material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 113631"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143270150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Robust, durable and anti-swelling Silver-Nanoparticles-Integrated hydrogel achieved by one-pot reduction and polymerization Strategy for underwater sensing

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113640

Shousen Chen , Weicheng Qiu , Guanling Li , Weijia Yang , Mei Chen , Guoxing Sun , Xin He , Jun Fu , Yue Xin

Conductive hydrogels have shown great promise in wearable electronics due to their inherent advantages of flexibility, biocompatibility and conductivity. However, current research efforts on hydrogel-based wearable sensors primarily focus on terrestrial applications, adapting conductive hydrogels for underwater sensing remains a significant challenge. Herein, a robust, durable, anti-swelling and highly conductive hydrogel composed of poly (N-acryloyl glycinamide) and silver nanoparticles (PNAGA/Ag NPs) is prepared by a straightforward one-pot polymerization and reduction technique for underwater sensing and communication purposes. The effective incorporation of Ag NPs, facilitated by the high solubility of silver nitrate (Ag NO₃) in the pre-gelation solution, imparts the hydrogel with impressive mechanical toughness (3.32 MJ/m³), fatigue resistance, and a high electrical conductivity of 4.1 mS/cm. The PNAGA/Ag NPs hydrogel demonstrates excellent performance as a temperature, pressure and strain sensor. The strong dual hydrogen bonding interactions among the bisamide groups on the polymer chains endow the hydrogel with good anti-swelling properties, making the Ag NPs remain stably within the network without expansion or diffusion for over 30 days. Resultantly, the hydrogel sensor is developed to transmit information using Morse code for underwater communication. Through collaboration with machine learning algorithms, the hydrogel sensor achieves real-time language recognition with a high identification accuracy of 100 %. This work successfully integrates anti-swelling characteristics, mechanical robustness, and electrical conductivity within a hydrogel system, offering a viable solution for utilizing hydrogel-based sensors in underwater environments.

{"title":"Robust, durable and anti-swelling Silver-Nanoparticles-Integrated hydrogel achieved by one-pot reduction and polymerization Strategy for underwater sensing","authors":"Shousen Chen , Weicheng Qiu , Guanling Li , Weijia Yang , Mei Chen , Guoxing Sun , Xin He , Jun Fu , Yue Xin","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113640","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113640","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conductive hydrogels have shown great promise in wearable electronics due to their inherent advantages of flexibility, biocompatibility and conductivity. However, current research efforts on hydrogel-based wearable sensors primarily focus on terrestrial applications, adapting conductive hydrogels for underwater sensing remains a significant challenge. Herein, a robust, durable, anti-swelling and highly conductive hydrogel composed of poly (<em>N</em>-acryloyl glycinamide) and silver nanoparticles (PNAGA/Ag NPs) is prepared by a straightforward one-pot polymerization and reduction technique for underwater sensing and communication purposes. The effective incorporation of Ag NPs, facilitated by the high solubility of silver nitrate (Ag NO<sub>3</sub>) in the pre-gelation solution, imparts the hydrogel with impressive mechanical toughness (3.32 MJ/m<sup>3</sup>), fatigue resistance, and a high electrical conductivity of 4.1 mS/cm. The PNAGA/Ag NPs hydrogel demonstrates excellent performance as a temperature, pressure and strain sensor. The strong dual hydrogen bonding interactions among the bisamide groups on the polymer chains endow the hydrogel with good anti-swelling properties, making the Ag NPs remain stably within the network without expansion or diffusion for over 30 days. Resultantly, the hydrogel sensor is developed to transmit information using Morse code for underwater communication. Through collaboration with machine learning algorithms, the hydrogel sensor achieves real-time language recognition with a high identification accuracy of 100 %. This work successfully integrates anti-swelling characteristics, mechanical robustness, and electrical conductivity within a hydrogel system, offering a viable solution for utilizing hydrogel-based sensors in underwater environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 113640"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143270230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Precision synthesis of thermally crosslinkable hole-transporting block copolymers via living anionic polymerization for solution-processable organic light-emitting diodes” [Eur. Polym. J. 223 (2025) 113627]

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113675

Da Bin Kim , Jae-Geun Jung , Woo Jae Jang , Jun Mo Kim , Min-Ho Park , Beom-Goo Kang

引用次数: 0

Ionic functionalization of poly(styrene-co-butadiene) via catalyst-free click reactions with acid and base-tethered nitrile N-oxides

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113653

Lan Jiang , Daisuke Manai , Satoshi Kawasaki , Takahiro Mabuchi , Toshio Tada , Toshikazu Takata

A catalyst free introduction of ionic functions to solution-polymerized Poly(styrene-co-butadiene) (SSBR) was achieved through successive treatments with nitrile N-oxides that contain either basic (pyridine) or acidic (carboxylic acid) groups. Nitrile N-oxides are known for their ability to undergo selective 1,3-cycloaddition (click reaction) to C = C bonds without requiring a catalyst, making them suitable for solid-state reactions. Functionalization was performed both in solution and by bulk kneading, resulting in a practical conversion of C = C bonds in SSBR, with the degree of conversion controllable in a range of 2 %–16 %. The selectivity of C = C bonds in 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions was analyzed through comparisons with model compounds. The modified rubber demonstrated increased tensile strength and strain, as well as a higher glass transition temperature, compared to the original SSBR. These property enhancements are likely due to the flexible crosslinking between the basic and acidic functional groups introduced by the catalyst-free reactions with nitrile N-oxides. These results suggest that this novel approach has potential applications for graft reactions in the tire manufacturing process.

{"title":"Ionic functionalization of poly(styrene-co-butadiene) via catalyst-free click reactions with acid and base-tethered nitrile N-oxides","authors":"Lan Jiang , Daisuke Manai , Satoshi Kawasaki , Takahiro Mabuchi , Toshio Tada , Toshikazu Takata","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A catalyst free introduction of ionic functions to solution-polymerized Poly(styrene-co-butadiene) (SSBR) was achieved through successive treatments with nitrile <em>N-</em>oxides that contain either basic (pyridine) or acidic (carboxylic acid) groups. Nitrile <em>N-</em>oxides are known for their ability to undergo selective 1,3-cycloaddition (click reaction) to C = C bonds without requiring a catalyst, making them suitable for solid-state reactions. Functionalization was performed both in solution and by bulk kneading, resulting in a practical conversion of C = C bonds in SSBR, with the degree of conversion controllable in a range of 2 %–16 %. The selectivity of C = C bonds in 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions was analyzed through comparisons with model compounds. The modified rubber demonstrated increased tensile strength and strain, as well as a higher glass transition temperature, compared to the original SSBR. These property enhancements are likely due to the flexible crosslinking between the basic and acidic functional groups introduced by the catalyst-free reactions with nitrile <em>N</em>-oxides. These results suggest that this novel approach has potential applications for graft reactions in the tire manufacturing process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 113653"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143269347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A bicyclic carbonate with diamide unit and its tough and strong bio-based linear non-isocyanate polyurethanes containing polyitaconamide sequences

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113647

Yanyan Wang, Yao Qin, Xiangyuan Li, Jingbo Zhao

Under the background of sustainable development in polyurethane field, the aminolysis of cyclic carbonates (CCs) is one of the most promising and competitive ways to prepare non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPUs). Nowadays, most of the 5-membered CCs are synthesized by a catalytic cyclocarbonation of epoxides with CO₂. In this study, a new dicyclocarbonate with a hexanediamide unit (HDADC) was prepared through a CO₂-free green route. A hexanediamide tetraol (HDATL) was synthesized first by the amidation of dimethyl adipate (DMA) with 3-amino-1,2-propanediol (3-APDL), and then HDADC was prepared by the cyclocarbonation of HDATL with excess ethylene carbonate (EC). Four bio-based linear NIPUs containing polyitaconamide (PIA) sequences (L-NIPUs) were prepared via a solvent-free and catalyst-free aminolysis of HDADC with H₂N-terminated PIA prepolymers. The L-NIPUs exhibited tensile strength up to 27 MPa and the maximum elongation at break of 392 %. Easy hydrogen bonding of the hexanediamide and flexible PIA segments made the L-NIPUs show excellent toughness and high mechanical property. An efficient and green route was established to synthesize hexanediamide dicyclocarbonate from DMA, 3-APDL, and EC under normal pressure. Bio-based L-NIPUs were prepared and showed good mechanical property.

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引用次数: 0

Ammonium polyphosphates: Correlating structure to application

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113644

Iben Hansen–Bruhn , Jessica Laura Craig , Mogens Hinge , Terence Richard Hull

Ammonium polyphosphates (APP) are widely used as nontoxic, biodegradable additives for food, fire retardancy and fertilisers. APP has been shown to exist in six distinct phases, APP–I to APP–VI. Commercial products identified as APP may contain one or more of these phases. Direct synthesis routes to APP involve condensation of monoammonium phosphate or diammonium phosphate with urea or melamine as condensing agents, while indirect synthesis can be obtained by interconversion of one APP phase to another. The most important chemical properties for APP as a fertiliser are nitrogen and phosphorus content, water solubility, hydrolytic stability, and chelating properties (sequestering trace metals). For fire protection, chemical properties such as low water solubility or high hydrolytic stability, compatibility with polymers in plastics or coating formulations, thermal stability and promotion of crosslinking are beneficial. As food additive, low toxicity and water–binding ability are vital. This work found that few studies report on degree of polymerisation, particle size distribution, chain branching, phase, crystallinity or purity of APP, despite APP being the main functionalising additive in specific systems. It was found that some phases of APP (especially APP–III, IV, and VI) remained relatively uncharacterised, but development of new synthetic routes, and improved characterisation, opens new possibilities for commercial exploitation. The unsystematic terminology used to describe these phosphates is addressed in a glossary.

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