Pub Date : 2026-02-20Epub Date: 2026-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2026.114512
Cynthia Verduyckt , Hanne Broux , Julien De Winter , Pascal Gerbaux , Guy Koeckelberghs
In recent years, the controlled nature of catalyst transfer polymerizations (CTP) has been significantly investigated and enhanced. Recent studies on Suzuki-Miyaura CTP (SMCTP) revealed that water converts the process into a chain-growth polymerization, while additional Buchwald ligands, particularly RuPhos, further enhance control. This improvement is attributed to the formation of Pd(RuPhos)2 upon catalyst detachment, a bulky species with no affinity for water, which limits catalyst diffusion and suppresses transfer reactions. Despite extensive research on SMCTP, Buchwald ligands remain unexplored in other CTPs, except for RuPhos in Negishi-mediated polymerization, where transfer steps occur, even in a large extent. Kumada CTP (KCTP) has not been investigated in this context.
Here, we report the first KCTP using a Buchwald ligand-based external palladium initiator, 4-methyl benzoate-Pd(RuPhos)-iodine. First, the controlled nature of the polymerization was investigated and chain transfer and some termination was found. Second, the influence of extra equivalents of ligand severely worsens the controlled nature of the polymerization. These findings elucidate the mechanism of CTP and the role of additional ligand. It is shown that, if the catalysts detaches from the growing polymer chain, the controlled nature of CTP depends on Pd(RuPhos)2 (de)formation and its diffusion. Poor solvent affinity to the ligated Pd-catalyst, as in aqueous mixtures (SMCTP), restricts diffusion and maintains control. In contrast, other (dry) organic solvents allow diffusion, reducing control despite inactive species formation. This work offers a mechanistic framework that may be extended to other catalyst–ligand–polymer combinations, although its broader generalization will require further experimental validation.
{"title":"The role of RuPhos in a Kumada polymerization: revealing the control in catalyst transfer polymerization","authors":"Cynthia Verduyckt , Hanne Broux , Julien De Winter , Pascal Gerbaux , Guy Koeckelberghs","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2026.114512","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2026.114512","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, the controlled nature of catalyst transfer polymerizations (CTP) has been significantly investigated and enhanced. Recent studies on Suzuki-Miyaura CTP (SMCTP) revealed that water converts the process into a chain-growth polymerization, while additional Buchwald ligands, particularly RuPhos, further enhance control. This improvement is attributed to the formation of Pd(RuPhos)<sub>2</sub> upon catalyst detachment, a bulky species with no affinity for water, which limits catalyst diffusion and suppresses transfer reactions. Despite extensive research on SMCTP, Buchwald ligands remain unexplored in other CTPs, except for RuPhos in Negishi-mediated polymerization, where transfer steps occur, even in a large extent. Kumada CTP (KCTP) has not been investigated in this context.</div><div>Here, we report the first KCTP using a Buchwald ligand-based external palladium initiator, 4-methyl benzoate-Pd(RuPhos)-iodine. First, the controlled nature of the polymerization was investigated and chain transfer and some termination was found. Second, the influence of extra equivalents of ligand severely worsens the controlled nature of the polymerization. These findings elucidate the mechanism of CTP and the role of additional ligand. It is shown that, if the catalysts detaches from the growing polymer chain, the controlled nature of CTP depends on Pd(RuPhos)<sub>2</sub> (de)formation and its diffusion. Poor solvent affinity to the ligated Pd-catalyst, as in aqueous mixtures (SMCTP), restricts diffusion and maintains control. In contrast, other (dry) organic solvents allow diffusion, reducing control despite inactive species formation. This work offers a mechanistic framework that may be extended to other catalyst–ligand–polymer combinations, although its broader generalization will require further experimental validation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 114512"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-20Epub Date: 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2026.114510
Marwa Y. Abdel Tawwab , Bothaina M. Abdel-Hady , Rizk Abd El-Moneim Rizk , Amal I. Hassan , Abdul Aziz M. Gad , Amira A. Gamal , Medhat W. Shafaa
Polycaprolactone/gelatin polymer nanofiber mats (PCL/GT) were fabricated using an electro-spinning technique. Moringa oleifera seed oil (M. oleifera) was loaded onto the mats using the post-spinning sorption method. The electro-spun nanofiber mat loaded with M. oleifera exhibited sustained release of the oil, with 85.3 % cumulative release after 28 days. The experimental data on M. oleifera and electro-spun mats loaded with oil ensure that they exhibit strong antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. During the 48 h incubation, oil-loaded mats P5G5 O7C3 exhibited an increase in bacterial inhibition compared to those of free oil electro-spun mats P5G5 C3 (Staphylococcus aureus; 86.62 ± 0.05 % and Escherichia coli; 90.23 ± 0.04 %). For electro-spun oil loaded mats, the antioxidant activity was increased with increasing the incubation time. The degradation products of an electro-spun polycaprolactone/gelatin nanofiber mat loaded with M. oleifera stimulated cell proliferation and migration. It rapidly reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in rat serum such as tumor necrosis factor and Interleukin 6 after mat implantation by increasing the mass of the oil-loaded mat. The histological examination of inflamed and treated knee rat tissue at the second and fourth weeks after sample implantation indicated that the oil-loaded mat has a good effect on the healing of knee synovial membrane and cartilage tissue after inflammation.
{"title":"Electro-spun biodegradable non-woven nano-fibers and moringa oil extract for knee cartilage regeneration: anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant activity","authors":"Marwa Y. Abdel Tawwab , Bothaina M. Abdel-Hady , Rizk Abd El-Moneim Rizk , Amal I. Hassan , Abdul Aziz M. Gad , Amira A. Gamal , Medhat W. Shafaa","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2026.114510","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2026.114510","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polycaprolactone/gelatin polymer nanofiber mats (PCL/GT)<!--> <!-->were fabricated using an electro-spinning technique.<!--> <em>Moringa oleifera</em> <!-->seed oil (<em>M. oleifera</em>) was loaded onto the mats using the post-spinning sorption method.<!--> <!-->The electro-spun<!--> <!-->nanofiber mat loaded with <em>M. oleifera</em> <!-->exhibited sustained release of the oil, with 85.3 % cumulative release after 28 days.<!--> <!-->The experimental data on <em>M. oleifera</em> and electro-spun mats loaded with oil ensure that they exhibit strong antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. During the 48 h incubation, oil-loaded mats P5G5 O7C3 exhibited an increase in bacterial inhibition compared to those of free oil electro-spun mats P5G5 C3 (<em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>; 86.62 ± 0.05 % and <em>Escherichia coli</em>; 90.23 ± 0.04 %).<!--> <!-->For electro-spun oil loaded mats, the antioxidant activity was increased with increasing the incubation time. The degradation products of an electro-spun polycaprolactone/gelatin nanofiber mat loaded with <em>M. oleifera</em> stimulated cell proliferation and migration. It rapidly reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in rat serum such as tumor necrosis factor and Interleukin 6 after mat implantation by increasing the mass of the oil-loaded mat. The histological examination of inflamed and treated knee rat tissue at the second and fourth weeks after sample implantation indicated that the oil-loaded mat has a good effect on the healing of knee synovial membrane and cartilage tissue after inflammation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 114510"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-20Epub Date: 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2026.114503
Chengkai Li , Bonan Li , Yilin Gui , Haifei Zhan
Understanding interfacial load transfer is the key challenge in developing high-performance polymer nanocomposites reinforced by one-dimensional nanothreads (NTHs). Here, large-scale molecular dynamics simulations are employed to elucidate how random dispersion of NTHs, the number of aggregated threads, functionalization, and cross-linking influence the tensile performance of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites. Without cross-linking, tightly aggregated NTHs enhance Young’s modulus and tensile strength by reducing void formation and promoting stronger filler-filler interactions. Quad-thread pristine NTHs yields ∼ 7 % enhancement in Young’s modulus compared with individually dispersed NTHs as reinforcements. Meanwhile, –COOH functionalization provides the highest reinforcement effect. Covalent cross-linking at the filler-matrix interface markedly improves load transfer efficiency. However, increasing the number of cross-linking filler-matrix bonds disrupts the multi-thread architecture, resulting in excessive voids and weakening the non-bonded filler-filler interactions, leading to a reduction in the reinforcement efficiency. In this regard, adding inter-filler bonds between adjacent NTHs can stabilize the multi-thread architecture and further improve the mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites. Both internal and external cross-linked multi-thread samples show average ∼ 10 % enhancement of Young’s modulus and UTS than non-internally and externally cross-linked counterparts. These findings unveil the interplay between filler architectures, aggregation and interface modification in determining overall load transfer and reinforcement efficiency, which is beneficial for the development of high-performance polymer nanocomposites.
{"title":"Tailoring tensile properties of polymer nanocomposites with randomly dispersed multi-thread carbon nanothreads","authors":"Chengkai Li , Bonan Li , Yilin Gui , Haifei Zhan","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2026.114503","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2026.114503","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding interfacial load transfer is the key challenge in developing high-performance polymer nanocomposites reinforced by one-dimensional nanothreads (NTHs). Here, large-scale molecular dynamics simulations are employed to elucidate how random dispersion of NTHs, the number of aggregated threads, functionalization, and cross-linking influence the tensile performance of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites. Without cross-linking, tightly aggregated NTHs enhance Young’s modulus and tensile strength by reducing void formation and promoting stronger filler-filler interactions. Quad-thread pristine NTHs yields ∼ 7 % enhancement in Young’s modulus compared with individually dispersed NTHs as reinforcements. Meanwhile, –COOH functionalization provides the highest reinforcement effect. Covalent cross-linking at the filler-matrix interface markedly improves load transfer efficiency. However, increasing the number of cross-linking filler-matrix bonds disrupts the multi-thread architecture, resulting in excessive voids and weakening the non-bonded filler-filler interactions, leading to a reduction in the reinforcement efficiency. In this regard, adding inter-filler bonds between adjacent NTHs can stabilize the multi-thread architecture and further improve the mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites. Both internal and external cross-linked multi-thread samples show average ∼ 10 % enhancement of Young’s modulus and UTS than non-internally and externally cross-linked counterparts. These findings unveil the interplay between filler architectures, aggregation and interface modification in determining overall load transfer and reinforcement efficiency, which is beneficial for the development of high-performance polymer nanocomposites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 114503"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145957766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-11Epub Date: 2025-12-24DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114464
Juan Torres-Rodríguez , Charlotte Fornaciari , Ricardo A. Pérez-Camargo , Agurtzane Mugica , Manuela Zubitur , Giovanni Preda , Dario Pasini , Olivier Coulembier , Alejandro J. Müller
We report on the synthesis and crystallization behavior of poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) with tunable molar masses and defined stereoconfiguration (PPO-R and PPO-S), obtained through controlled oxyanionic ring-opening polymerization using hexaethylene glycol (EG6) as the initiator, with an equimolar mixture of potassium acetate (KOAc) and 18-crown-6 ether (18C6). This method provides access to well-defined enantiopure PPO samples across a broad range of number-average molecular weights (Mn), allowing for the independent evaluation of how molecular weight and stereoconfiguration influence crystallization. Morphology, thermal transitions, structural features, and crystallization kinetics were analyzed using Polarized Light Optical Microscopy (PLOM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), in situ Wide- and Small-angle X-ray Scattering (WAXS/SAXS), and, for the first time in PPO, thermal fractionation via Successive Self-nucleation and Annealing (SSA). Both PPO-R and PPO-S display increasing thermal transitions with Mn, eventually reaching a plateau. Although they crystallize into identical orthorhombic unit cells, the two enantiomers show small yet consistent and reproducible kinetic differences across all techniques used: PPO-R crystallizes faster at low Mn, while PPO-S does so at high Mn. This crossover, related to a specific Mn value, though unexpected for two enantiomeric polymers forming identical lattices, was consistently observed by different experimental techniques across nucleation, spherulitic growth, overall crystallization rate, and SSA fractionation. This confirms the effect is real and experimentally reliable. We provide a mechanistic interpretation suggesting that stereoconfiguration could be influencing melt dynamics, likely through subtle differences in chain diffusion and entanglement onset. Racemic PPO-R:S blends were prepared at both low and high Mn. No stereocomplexation was observed; however, these blends exhibited lower melting transitions and slower crystallization kinetics than the enantiopure samples, possibly due to packing frustration between chains of opposite helicities. Overall, molecular weight and stereoconfiguration are effective parameters for tuning PPO crystallization kinetics, thereby enabling PPO-based blends and copolymers with controlled crystallization rates and expanded processability in biodegradable polymer systems.
{"title":"How chain stereoconfiguration and molecular weight influence Poly(propylene oxide) crystallization","authors":"Juan Torres-Rodríguez , Charlotte Fornaciari , Ricardo A. Pérez-Camargo , Agurtzane Mugica , Manuela Zubitur , Giovanni Preda , Dario Pasini , Olivier Coulembier , Alejandro J. Müller","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report on the synthesis and crystallization behavior of poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) with tunable molar masses and defined stereoconfiguration (PPO-<em>R</em> and PPO-<em>S</em>), obtained through controlled oxyanionic ring-opening polymerization using hexaethylene glycol (EG6) as the initiator, with an equimolar mixture of potassium acetate (KOAc) and 18-crown-6 ether (18C6). This method provides access to well-defined enantiopure PPO samples across a broad range of number-average molecular weights (<em>M<sub>n</sub></em>), allowing for the independent evaluation of how molecular weight and stereoconfiguration influence crystallization. Morphology, thermal transitions, structural features, and crystallization kinetics were analyzed using Polarized Light Optical Microscopy (PLOM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), in situ Wide- and Small-angle X-ray Scattering (WAXS/SAXS), and, for the first time in PPO, thermal fractionation via Successive Self-nucleation and Annealing (SSA). Both PPO-<em>R</em> and PPO-<em>S</em> display increasing thermal transitions with <em>M<sub>n</sub></em>, eventually reaching a plateau. Although they crystallize into identical orthorhombic unit cells, the two enantiomers show small yet consistent and reproducible kinetic differences across all techniques used: PPO-<em>R</em> crystallizes faster at low <em>M<sub>n</sub></em>, while PPO-<em>S</em> does so at high <em>M<sub>n</sub></em>. This crossover, related to a specific <em>M<sub>n</sub></em> value, though unexpected for two enantiomeric polymers forming identical lattices, was consistently observed by different experimental techniques across nucleation, spherulitic growth, overall crystallization rate, and SSA fractionation. This confirms the effect is real and experimentally reliable. We provide a mechanistic interpretation suggesting that stereoconfiguration could be influencing melt dynamics, likely through subtle differences in chain diffusion and entanglement onset. Racemic PPO-<em>R:S</em> blends were prepared at both low and high <em>M<sub>n</sub></em>. No stereocomplexation was observed; however, these blends exhibited lower melting transitions and slower crystallization kinetics than the enantiopure samples, possibly due to packing frustration between chains of opposite helicities. Overall, molecular weight and stereoconfiguration are effective parameters for tuning PPO crystallization kinetics, thereby enabling PPO-based blends and copolymers with controlled crystallization rates and expanded processability in biodegradable polymer systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 114464"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-11Epub Date: 2026-01-05DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2026.114499
Yuxin Liu , Wenxin Hu , Caiyun Zhao , Chengke Zhao , Yan Liu , Xiaojing Pei , Jun Zhu , Yongbo Lyu , Zhaohui Qu
Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) has been demonstrated to possess pharmacological activities, including tissue repair and anti-inflammation, thus rendering it a promising ingredient in both regenerative medicine and cosmetics. However, its application is limited by issues including poor cell membrane permeability due to negative charge, susceptibility to nuclease degradation, and impaired transdermal delivery by the skin barrier. Herein, we constructed the pH-responsive PDRN nanocarrier (CP-NPs) using chitosan (CS) via electrostatic self-assembly. By regulating the molar ratio of CS amino groups to PDRN phosphate groups and optimizing the preparation process, uniform CP-NPs with an average particle size of 161.1 ± 6.2 nm were obtained. PDRN aggregation and protection against nuclease degradation was confirmed through a combination of characterization techniques, including dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, and infrared spectroscopy, in conjunction with agarose gel electrophoresis. The pH-responsive properties of the material were confirmed through zeta potential and UV analysis. Furthermore, experimental findings demonstrated that CP-NPs exhibit excellent stability and biocompatibility, significantly enhancing antioxidant performance and hydration capacity. Further results proved that CP-NPs promoted the proliferation and migration of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), with the migration rate increased by 174.16 %, enhancing in vitro transdermal delivery capacity by 55.3 %, and improving in vivo penetration ability by 167.6 %. Human trials confirmed that CP-NPs could improve skin moisture content, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), glossiness, and elasticity without adverse reactions. This study provides a viable PDRN transdermal delivery approach, advancing “non-invasive nucleic acid therapy” in regenerative medicine and cosmetics and laying a foundation for topical PDRN clinical translation.
{"title":"pH-responsive nanocarrier: Chitosan- polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) nanoparticles for transdermal nucleic acid therapy","authors":"Yuxin Liu , Wenxin Hu , Caiyun Zhao , Chengke Zhao , Yan Liu , Xiaojing Pei , Jun Zhu , Yongbo Lyu , Zhaohui Qu","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2026.114499","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2026.114499","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) has been demonstrated to possess pharmacological activities, including tissue repair and anti-inflammation, thus rendering it a promising ingredient in both regenerative medicine and cosmetics. However, its application is limited by issues including poor cell membrane permeability due to negative charge, susceptibility to nuclease degradation, and impaired transdermal delivery by the skin barrier. Herein, we constructed the pH-responsive PDRN nanocarrier (CP-NPs) using chitosan (CS) via electrostatic self-assembly. By regulating the molar ratio of CS amino groups to PDRN phosphate groups and optimizing the preparation process, uniform CP-NPs with an average particle size of 161.1 ± 6.2 nm were obtained. PDRN aggregation and protection against nuclease degradation was confirmed through a combination of characterization techniques, including dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, and infrared spectroscopy, in conjunction with agarose gel electrophoresis. The pH-responsive properties of the material were confirmed through zeta potential and UV analysis. Furthermore, experimental findings demonstrated that CP-NPs exhibit excellent stability and biocompatibility, significantly enhancing antioxidant performance and hydration capacity. Further results proved that CP-NPs promoted the proliferation and migration of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), with the migration rate increased by 174.16 %, enhancing <em>in vitro</em> transdermal delivery capacity by 55.3 %, and improving <em>in vivo</em> penetration ability by 167.6 %. Human trials confirmed that CP-NPs could improve skin moisture content, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), glossiness, and elasticity without adverse reactions. This study provides a viable PDRN transdermal delivery approach, advancing “non-invasive nucleic acid therapy” in regenerative medicine and<!--> <!-->cosmetics and laying a foundation for topical PDRN clinical translation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 114499"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-11Epub Date: 2025-12-25DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114474
Minji Choi , Nam-Ho You , Hee Jeung Oh , Youngjae Yoo
Silicon-based anodes are promising materials for next-generation lithium-ion batteries due to their high theoretical capacity. However, their practical application is hindered by drastic volume expansion during cycling, which leads to particle fracture, capacity fading, and instability of the electrode structure. In addition, most conventional binders require toxic organic solvents, raising environmental and safety concerns. To address these issues, a water-based polyimide binder with high mechanical robustness was synthesized through an aqueous process by combining 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid (DABA) and 4,7,10-trioxa-1,13-tridecanediamine (TTDDA) in different ratios. The –COOH groups in DABA enhanced adhesion and structural stability, while the –O– linkages in TTDDA improved flexibility and Li+ transport. Among the synthesized binders, D8T2-PI exhibited the best balance between mechanical strength and elasticity, achieving superior cycling performance and higher capacity compared with conventional PAA and CMC binders. The flexible polymer network improved electrode–electrolyte interfacial contact and facilitated Li+ diffusion, thereby enhancing electrochemical performance. These results demonstrate that a sustainable, water-processable polyimide binder can effectively enhance both the mechanical and electrochemical stability of silicon anodes, providing a practical and design strategy for high-performance lithium-ion batteries.
硅基阳极具有较高的理论容量，是下一代锂离子电池的理想材料。然而，它们的实际应用受到循环过程中剧烈的体积膨胀的阻碍，这会导致颗粒断裂、容量衰减和电极结构不稳定。此外，大多数传统粘合剂需要有毒的有机溶剂，这引起了环境和安全问题。为解决上述问题，以3,5-二氨基苯甲酸（DABA）和4,7,10-三氧基-1,13-三胺（TTDDA）为原料，采用水相法合成了一种机械强度高的水基聚酰亚胺粘合剂。DABA中的- cooh基团增强了黏附性和结构稳定性，而TTDDA中的- o -键提高了柔韧性和Li+的运输。在合成的粘结剂中，D8T2-PI在机械强度和弹性之间表现出最好的平衡，与常规PAA和CMC粘结剂相比，具有更好的循环性能和更高的容量。柔性聚合物网络改善了电极-电解质界面接触，促进了Li+扩散，从而提高了电化学性能。这些结果表明，一种可持续的、可水处理的聚酰亚胺粘合剂可以有效地提高硅阳极的机械和电化学稳定性，为高性能锂离子电池的设计提供了一种实用的策略。
{"title":"Water-based polyimide binders with dual functional groups for enhanced electrochemical performance of silicon anodes","authors":"Minji Choi , Nam-Ho You , Hee Jeung Oh , Youngjae Yoo","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114474","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114474","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silicon-based anodes are promising materials for next-generation lithium-ion batteries due to their high theoretical capacity. However, their practical application is hindered by drastic volume expansion during cycling, which leads to particle fracture, capacity fading, and instability of the electrode structure. In addition, most conventional binders require toxic organic solvents, raising environmental and safety concerns. To address these issues, a water-based polyimide binder with high mechanical robustness was synthesized through an aqueous process by combining 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid (DABA) and 4,7,10-trioxa-1,13-tridecanediamine (TTDDA) in different ratios. The –COOH groups in DABA enhanced adhesion and structural stability, while the –O– linkages in TTDDA improved flexibility and Li<sup>+</sup> transport. Among the synthesized binders, D8T2-PI exhibited the best balance between mechanical strength and elasticity, achieving superior cycling performance and higher capacity compared with conventional PAA and CMC binders. The flexible polymer network improved electrode–electrolyte interfacial contact and facilitated Li<sup>+</sup> diffusion, thereby enhancing electrochemical performance. These results demonstrate that a sustainable, water-processable polyimide binder can effectively enhance both the mechanical and electrochemical stability of silicon anodes, providing a practical and design strategy for high-performance lithium-ion batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 114474"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145882469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-11Epub Date: 2025-12-27DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114475
Sibel Küçükertuğrul Çelik , Sema Şentürk , Kevser Bal , Özlem Kaplan , Mehmet Koray Gök
The continuous advancement of therapeutic technologies has intensified the pursuit of drug delivery systems that respond intelligently to physiological and pathological stimuli, thereby enabling precise, localized, and sustained therapeutic outcomes. Among redox-based approaches, systems responsive to intracellular glutathione (GSH) have attracted particular attention due to their ability to trigger disulfide bond cleavage and controlled release within diseased tissues. Mucoadhesive systems, on the other hand, prolong residence time on mucosal surfaces through non-covalent interactions and covalent bond formation, thereby facilitating increased absorption and decreased clearance. Despite their individual successes, the integration of these two mechanisms remains underexplored. This review critically examines the coupling of redox sensitivity and mucoadhesion, highlighting how disulfide-based bonds can simultaneously function as both redox-cleavable and mucoadhesive moieties.
{"title":"Redox-Responsive and mucoadhesive nanoparticles: An overlooked synergy in modern drug delivery","authors":"Sibel Küçükertuğrul Çelik , Sema Şentürk , Kevser Bal , Özlem Kaplan , Mehmet Koray Gök","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The continuous advancement of therapeutic technologies has intensified the pursuit of drug delivery systems that respond intelligently to physiological and pathological stimuli, thereby enabling precise, localized, and sustained therapeutic outcomes. Among redox-based approaches, systems responsive to intracellular glutathione (GSH) have attracted particular attention due to their ability to trigger disulfide bond cleavage and controlled release within diseased tissues. Mucoadhesive systems, on the other hand, prolong residence time on mucosal surfaces through non-covalent interactions and covalent bond formation, thereby facilitating increased absorption and decreased clearance. Despite their individual successes, the integration of these two mechanisms remains underexplored. This review critically examines the coupling of redox sensitivity and mucoadhesion, highlighting how disulfide-based bonds can simultaneously function as both redox-cleavable and mucoadhesive moieties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 114475"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145882474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-11Epub Date: 2025-12-29DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114477
Ming-Xuan Du, Chang-Hao Han, Hong-Jian Lv, Kai-Xuan Li, Yao-Nan Xiao, Shao-Hua Wu, Jia-Jian Liu, Chun-Cheng Li
Driven by growing environmental concerns, bio-based polymers have been extensively investigated in recent years. In this work, a series of poly(carbonate-ester)s were synthesized via a two-step polycondensation of bio-based monomer isosorbide (Is) with aliphatic diols (1,4-butanediol (BDO), 1,6-hexanediol (HDO), or 1,8-octanediol (ODO)), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), and dimethyl 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate (DMN). The synthesized poly(isosorbide carbonate-co- alkylene naphthalate) (PICANs) are intrinsically fluorescent in the bulk state and possess a tunable emission wavelength spanning from 387 nm to 455 nm. Besides, the PICANs copolymers also demonstrate robust thermal stability and substantial stretchability, positioning them as attractive materials for bio-based fluorescent flexible plastics.
{"title":"Isosorbide-based copolymers poly(isosorbide carbonate-co-alkylene naphthalate): Synthesis, properties and fluorescence Regulation","authors":"Ming-Xuan Du, Chang-Hao Han, Hong-Jian Lv, Kai-Xuan Li, Yao-Nan Xiao, Shao-Hua Wu, Jia-Jian Liu, Chun-Cheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Driven by growing environmental concerns, bio-based polymers have been extensively investigated in recent years. In this work, a series of poly(carbonate-ester)s were synthesized via a two-step polycondensation of bio-based monomer isosorbide (Is) with aliphatic diols (1,4-butanediol (BDO), 1,6-hexanediol (HDO), or 1,8-octanediol (ODO)), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), and dimethyl 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate (DMN). The synthesized poly(isosorbide carbonate-co- alkylene naphthalate) (PICANs) are intrinsically fluorescent in the bulk state and possess a tunable emission wavelength spanning from 387 nm to 455 nm. Besides, the PICANs copolymers also demonstrate robust thermal stability and substantial stretchability, positioning them as attractive materials for bio-based fluorescent flexible plastics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 114477"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145882471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article considers current trends in the development of relatively new types of thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) with a unique combination of structure and properties. The fundamental principles of selecting compatibilizers that improve the compatibility of thermoplastics with an elastomer component are shown. Using polyolefins and polar synthetic elastomers as an example, the possibilities of obtaining TPE with an improved set of physical, mechanical-physical and chemical properties are considered. The use of such modern physical methods for analyzing TPE and its modifications as SEM and X-ray phase analysis, derivatography, step dilatometry made it possible to obtain information on the structure–property relationship in the polymer–polymer and polymer-filler systems. Much attention is paid to studying the influence of various types of dispersed and fibrous fillers, as well as nanoparticles, on the main physical, mechanical and thermal characteristics of filled TPE. The use of the integral thermo-deformation method of analysis (Kanavets), as well as the stress–strain dependence made it possible to determine the content of the elastomer component, at which phase inversion occurs and a region of highly elastic deformation characteristic of rubbers is formed. For the first time, the influence of a cross-linking agent (sulfur and dicumyl peroxide (DCP)) on the pattern of changes in the physical and mechanical properties of filled and cross-linked TPE composites is considered. Attention is paid to problems associated with the technology of obtaining dynamically vulcanized TPE, studying the influence of the temperature regime and pressure of reaction extrusion and injection molding on the quality of the composite.
{"title":"Modern theoretical and practical approaches to development, research and processing of thermoplastic elastomers and their filled composites. review","authors":"Kh.V. Allahverdiyeva , N.T. Kakhramanov , F.A. Mustafayeva , A.A. Hasanova , L.M. Afandiyeva , R.V. Gurbanova , H.B. Bafadarova , E.I. Suleymanova , A.G. Habibova , T.M. Babayeva , O.M. Guliyeva","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114463","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114463","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The article considers current trends in the development of relatively new types of thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) with a unique combination of structure and properties. The fundamental principles of selecting compatibilizers that improve the compatibility of thermoplastics with an elastomer component are shown. Using polyolefins and polar synthetic elastomers as an example, the possibilities of obtaining TPE with an improved set of physical, mechanical-physical and chemical properties are considered. The use of such modern physical methods for analyzing TPE and its modifications as SEM and X-ray phase analysis, derivatography, step dilatometry made it possible to obtain information on the structure–property relationship in the polymer–polymer and polymer-filler systems. Much attention is paid to studying the influence of various types of dispersed and fibrous fillers, as well as nanoparticles, on the main physical, mechanical and thermal characteristics of filled TPE. The use of the integral thermo-deformation method of analysis (Kanavets), as well as the stress–strain dependence made it possible to determine the content of the elastomer component, at which phase inversion occurs and a region of highly elastic deformation characteristic of rubbers is formed. For the first time, the influence of a cross-linking agent (sulfur and dicumyl peroxide (DCP)) on the pattern of changes in the physical and mechanical properties of filled and cross-linked TPE composites is considered. Attention is paid to problems associated with the technology of obtaining dynamically vulcanized TPE, studying the influence of the temperature regime and pressure of reaction extrusion and injection molding on the quality of the composite.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 114463"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145882475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-11Epub Date: 2025-12-23DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114460
Nusrat Hassan Khan , Mohamed Sultan Mohamed Ali , Mohammed Nazibul Hasan
Shape Memory Polymers (SMPs) have emerged as adaptable and promising biomaterials in biomedical engineering, enabling innovative solutions for minimally invasive procedures and personalized therapies. This review presents a comprehensive overview of SMPs, focusing on their unique shape memory effects, tuneable material properties, and emerging biomedical applications. Unlike previous reviews that primarily focused on performance enhancement through conductive fillers or crosslinking strategies, this work highlights both the tailored modification of SMP characteristics and their functional integration within biomedical contexts. Key SMP types, such as poly(lactic acid), polycaprolactone, polyurethane, poly(methyl methacrylate) and bile acid-based polymers are critically evaluated with respect to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and responsiveness to external stimuli. Moreover, biomedical applications such as controlled drug delivery, vascular stenting, dental devices, and tissue engineering are also discussed, with particular attention to recent advances and persisting challenges. Furthermore, the review identifies essential considerations for SMP selection, including mechanical robustness, physiological compatibility, and regulatory requirements. By synthesizing current developments and outlining emerging research directions, this article provides a framework to guide both researchers and clinicians in leveraging the full potential of SMPs for next-generation biomedical devices and therapeutic platforms.
{"title":"Shape memory polymers: From materials to emerging biomedical applications","authors":"Nusrat Hassan Khan , Mohamed Sultan Mohamed Ali , Mohammed Nazibul Hasan","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shape Memory Polymers (SMPs) have emerged as adaptable and promising biomaterials in biomedical engineering, enabling innovative solutions for minimally invasive procedures and personalized therapies. This review presents a comprehensive overview of SMPs, focusing on their unique shape memory effects, tuneable material properties, and emerging biomedical applications. Unlike previous reviews that primarily focused on performance enhancement through conductive fillers or crosslinking strategies, this work highlights both the tailored modification of SMP characteristics and their functional integration within biomedical contexts. Key SMP types, such as poly(lactic acid), polycaprolactone, polyurethane, poly(methyl methacrylate) and bile acid-based polymers are critically evaluated with respect to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and responsiveness to external stimuli. Moreover, biomedical applications such as controlled drug delivery, vascular stenting, dental devices, and tissue engineering are also discussed, with particular attention to recent advances and persisting challenges. Furthermore, the review identifies essential considerations for SMP selection, including mechanical robustness, physiological compatibility, and regulatory requirements. By synthesizing current developments and outlining emerging research directions, this article provides a framework to guide both researchers and clinicians in leveraging the full potential of SMPs for next-generation biomedical devices and therapeutic platforms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 114460"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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