Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113510
Zheng Zhong, Yutong Huo, Yilan An, Wei Liu, Yanli Dou
Developing high-performance epoxy (EP) nanocomposites that balance flame retardancy and mechanical properties has been a significant challenge. In this work, a novel hierarchical hybrid flame retardant HPP@PBA with a bionic octopus tentacle structure was successfully constructed. The organic coating composed of phytic acid (PA) and polyaniline (PANI), and CoFe-Prussian blue analogue nanoparticles (CoFe-PBA), effectively enhances the interfacial interaction between halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and the EP matrix, promoting the formation of a mechanical interlocking structure. By introducing 5 wt% HPP@PBA, the tensile strength and impact strength of the composites increase by 62.4 % and 38.7 %, respectively. EP/HPP@PBA also exhibits excellent flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the EP composites reached 33.0 %, achieving the UL-94 V0 rating. Cone calorimetry test (CCT) shows that, compared with pure EP, the peak of heat release rate (pHRR), total heat release (THR), peak of smoke production rate (pSPR), total smoke production (TSP), and peak of carbon monoxide production (COP) of EP/HPP@PBA are reduced by 40.7 %, 34.0 %, 47.2 %, 42.5 %, and 36.6 %, respectively. Additionally, the flame retardant and mechanical enhancement mechanisms of hybrids in EP composites are systematically investigated. This work provides a feasible approach for preparing multifunctional high-performance EP nanocomposites.
开发兼顾阻燃性和机械性能的高性能环氧（EP）纳米复合材料一直是一项重大挑战。在这项工作中，成功构建了一种具有仿生章鱼触手结构的新型分层混合阻燃剂 HPP@PBA。由植酸（PA）、聚苯胺（PANI）和 CoFe-Prussian blue 类似纳米粒子（CoFe-PBA）组成的有机涂层能有效增强哈洛来石纳米管（HNTs）与 EP 基体之间的界面相互作用，促进机械互锁结构的形成。通过引入 5 wt% 的 HPP@PBA，复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度分别提高了 62.4% 和 38.7%。EP/HPP@PBA 还具有优异的阻燃和抑烟性能。EP 复合材料的极限氧指数（LOI）达到 33.0%，达到了 UL-94 V0 等级。锥形量热试验（CCT）表明，与纯 EP 相比，EP/HPP@PBA 的放热峰值（pHRR）、总放热（THR）、产烟峰值（pSPR）、总产烟量（TSP）和一氧化碳产烟峰值（COP）分别降低了 40.7%、34.0%、47.2%、42.5% 和 36.6%。此外，还系统地研究了 EP 复合材料中混合物的阻燃和机械增强机理。这项工作为制备多功能高性能 EP 纳米复合材料提供了一种可行的方法。
{"title":"Bionic octopus tentacle structure-inspired engineering of HPP@PBA nanotubes: Towards mechanically reinforced epoxy nanocomposites with outstanding flame retardancy and smoke suppression","authors":"Zheng Zhong, Yutong Huo, Yilan An, Wei Liu, Yanli Dou","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113510","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113510","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing high-performance epoxy (EP) nanocomposites that balance flame retardancy and mechanical properties has been a significant challenge. In this work, a novel hierarchical hybrid flame retardant HPP@PBA with a bionic octopus tentacle structure was successfully constructed. The organic coating composed of phytic acid (PA) and polyaniline (PANI), and CoFe-Prussian blue analogue nanoparticles (CoFe-PBA), effectively enhances the interfacial interaction between halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and the EP matrix, promoting the formation of a mechanical interlocking structure. By introducing 5 wt% HPP@PBA, the tensile strength and impact strength of the composites increase by 62.4 % and 38.7 %, respectively. EP/HPP@PBA also exhibits excellent flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the EP composites reached 33.0 %, achieving the UL-94 V0 rating. Cone calorimetry test (CCT) shows that, compared with pure EP, the peak of heat release rate (pHRR), total heat release (THR), peak of smoke production rate (pSPR), total smoke production (TSP), and peak of carbon monoxide production (COP) of EP/HPP@PBA are reduced by 40.7 %, 34.0 %, 47.2 %, 42.5 %, and 36.6 %, respectively. Additionally, the flame retardant and mechanical enhancement mechanisms of hybrids in EP composites are systematically investigated. This work provides a feasible approach for preparing multifunctional high-performance EP nanocomposites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 113510"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Flexible polymer molecular chains are of great interest to researchers in the field of flexible wearable electronics due to their unrivaled flexibility and ductility. However, achieving high toughness, high elasticity, environmental stability and easy machining of flexible electronic materials remains a challenge. In this study, we present a photocurable eutectic gel mainly composed of DMAPS, AAc, Zr4+ and deep eutectic solvents (DES). Due to the strong coordination between zirconium ions and polymer networks, the gel can be endowed with excellent properties, such as excellent tensile strength (1.14 MPa), low hysteresis (5 kJ·m−3) and good adhesion (above 40 kPa). DES can not only give the gel good electrical conductivity, but also maintain the stability of the gel to ensure that the leakage or volatilization of the solvent will not occur in use. The properties mentioned above allow the gel to achieve a sensitivity factor of up to 1.7 over a small strain range, demonstrating its potential applications in the field of flexible strain sensors and triboelectric flexible electrode materials. What’s more, the gel can be used to prepare complex geometric shapes with high precision through digital light processing (DLP) based 3D printing technology. Therefore, this work introduces a novel approach for the development of highly stable flexible wearable devices, which has the potential to expand the applications of eutectic gels.
{"title":"A photocurable ultra-tough eutectic gel with coordination crosslinking used for wearable sensors and TENG flexible electrodes","authors":"Youjie Rong, Xiaomin Zhang, Huijie Li, Jianhua Fei, Ruiqiang Hang, Xiangyu Zhang, Xiaobo Huang, Xiaohong Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flexible polymer molecular chains are of great interest to researchers in the field of flexible wearable electronics due to their unrivaled flexibility and ductility. However, achieving high toughness, high elasticity, environmental stability and easy machining of flexible electronic materials remains a challenge. In this study, we present a photocurable eutectic gel mainly composed of DMAPS, AAc, Zr<sup>4+</sup> and deep eutectic solvents (DES). Due to the strong coordination between zirconium ions and polymer networks, the gel can be endowed with excellent properties, such as excellent tensile strength (1.14 MPa), low hysteresis (5 kJ·m<sup>−3</sup>) and good adhesion (above 40 kPa). DES can not only give the gel good electrical conductivity, but also maintain the stability of the gel to ensure that the leakage or volatilization of the solvent will not occur in use. The properties mentioned above allow the gel to achieve a sensitivity factor of up to 1.7 over a small strain range, demonstrating its potential applications in the field of flexible strain sensors and triboelectric flexible electrode materials. What’s more, the gel can be used to prepare complex geometric shapes with high precision through digital light processing (DLP) based 3D printing technology. Therefore, this work introduces a novel approach for the development of highly stable flexible wearable devices, which has the potential to expand the applications of eutectic gels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 113544"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113521
Chenyu Liu , Shuli Yue , Ruizhi Li , Lin Wang , Kun Zhang , Shiwei Wang , Simiao Yu , Farishta Shafiq , Yao Liu , Weihong Qiao
In response to the pain, swelling, and redness resulting from inadequate wound hemostasis and anti-inflammatory measures, there is a pressing need to develop wound repair materials capable of promptly stopping bleeding, facilitating painless dressing changes, and expediting wound closure to enhance skin wound recovery. However, comprehensive research is deficient concerning the conformational relationship of hyaluronic acid (HA) with various molecular weights concerning the structure of hydrogel materials. This study aims to address this need by utilizing aminated hyaluronic acid (AHA) and aldehyde-modified dextran (DA) to prepare dextran-based hyaluronic acid hydrogels (DA-AHA) via Schiff base reaction, imbuing them with acute inflammation repair and wound healing promotion properties. In vitro, coagulation experiments demonstrated that the DA-AHA hydrogel could rapidly coagulate blood within 60 s. Subsequent animal experiments corroborated these findings, revealing the hydrogel’s efficacy in significantly shortening wound healing time and accelerating wound closure efficiency. Moreover, MTT and live-death experiments affirmed the non-cytotoxic nature of the synthesized hydrogel. The study delved into the structural regularity and wound-healing efficacy of DA-AHA hydrogel materials featuring various molecular weights. Additionally, it compared the hemostatic and wound-healing properties of (high molecular weight dextran-aminated hyaluronic acid hydrogel) HDA-AHA, demonstrating its superiority in both aspects.
{"title":"Synthesis of a series of dextran-based DA-AHA hydrogels for wound healing dressings","authors":"Chenyu Liu , Shuli Yue , Ruizhi Li , Lin Wang , Kun Zhang , Shiwei Wang , Simiao Yu , Farishta Shafiq , Yao Liu , Weihong Qiao","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In response to the pain, swelling, and redness resulting from inadequate wound hemostasis and anti-inflammatory measures, there is a pressing need to develop wound repair materials capable of promptly stopping bleeding, facilitating painless dressing changes, and expediting wound closure to enhance skin wound recovery. However, comprehensive research is deficient concerning the conformational relationship of hyaluronic acid (HA) with various molecular weights concerning the structure of hydrogel materials. This study aims to address this need by utilizing aminated hyaluronic acid (AHA) and aldehyde-modified dextran (DA) to prepare dextran-based hyaluronic acid hydrogels (DA-AHA) via Schiff base reaction, imbuing them with acute inflammation repair and wound healing promotion properties. In vitro, coagulation experiments demonstrated that the DA-AHA hydrogel could rapidly coagulate blood within 60 s. Subsequent animal experiments corroborated these findings, revealing the hydrogel’s efficacy in significantly shortening wound healing time and accelerating wound closure efficiency. Moreover, MTT and live-death experiments affirmed the non-cytotoxic nature of the synthesized hydrogel. The study delved into the structural regularity and wound-healing efficacy of DA-AHA hydrogel materials featuring various molecular weights. Additionally, it compared the hemostatic and wound-healing properties of (high molecular weight dextran-aminated hyaluronic acid hydrogel) HDA-AHA, demonstrating its superiority in both aspects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 113521"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113506
YinPing Wu , JiaSheng Ke , Junhua Chen , Bo Zhang , He Zhang , Jiayun Zhong , Yunlong Zhang , Hong Huang , Xiang Li , Yue Situ
Ketene derivatives have been widely studied in photopolymerization technology system because of their advantages of excellent light absorption and strong photobleaching ability. Nevertheless, the field of research into photoinitiators derived from ketene that exhibit minimal migration and superior solubility is relatively underexplored. In this study, five new polymerizable ketene derivative photoinitiators (CPBA-1 to 5) were designed and synthesized for photoinitiated radical polymerization (FRP). The photoinitiation performance, migration after curing, and solubility of CPBA1-3 in trimethylpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) free radical polymerization (FRP) were investigated and these properties were compared with the industrial photoinitiator 2-isopropylthioxanthone (ITX). The results showed that CPBA-2 had the best C=C conversion rate in TMPTA. Additionally, the migration rate of CPBA-2 is significantly lower than that of ITX, indicating its lower mobility than conventional photoinitiators. Moreover, the higher solubility of CPBA-2 in monomers provides the great potential for its industrial applications.
{"title":"Bis-acrylate functionalized enone as photoinitiators for UV-LED photopolymerization","authors":"YinPing Wu , JiaSheng Ke , Junhua Chen , Bo Zhang , He Zhang , Jiayun Zhong , Yunlong Zhang , Hong Huang , Xiang Li , Yue Situ","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113506","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113506","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ketene derivatives have been widely studied in photopolymerization technology system because of their advantages of excellent light absorption and strong photobleaching ability. Nevertheless, the field of research into photoinitiators derived from ketene that exhibit minimal migration and superior solubility is relatively underexplored. In this study, five new polymerizable ketene derivative photoinitiators (CPBA-1 to 5) were designed and synthesized for photoinitiated radical polymerization (FRP). The photoinitiation performance, migration after curing, and solubility of CPBA1-3 in trimethylpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) free radical polymerization (FRP) were investigated and these properties were compared with the industrial photoinitiator 2-isopropylthioxanthone (ITX). The results showed that CPBA-2 had the best C=C conversion rate in TMPTA. Additionally, the migration rate of CPBA-2 is significantly lower than that of ITX, indicating its lower mobility than conventional photoinitiators. Moreover, the higher solubility of CPBA-2 in monomers provides the great potential for its industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 113506"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142587414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113522
Lanqing Wang , Lihui Pang , Xin Guo , Wenbo Li , Rongqian Wu , Cuiping Yao
Liver tissue engineering is an essential approach to improve liver injury repair or regeneration for compensation of donor shortage, in which the combination of scaffolds and bioactive factors play a crucial role. Until now, a minimal number of products are used in clinic for their hurdles of biocompatibility. Here a degradable scaffold system based on chitosan polymers that are cross linked by Schiff reaction was prepared, which exhibits excellent biocompatibility and degradability. Two natural plant components with protective toxicity ability and improved tissue formation were loaded in scaffold to promote the cell proliferation as well as reduced drug dosage, further lowering the bio-toxicity of the scaffold system while ensuring its duration and effectiveness. Furthermore, our scaffold system possesses suitable degradation rate that match the regeneration rate of native tissue, which can maintain mechanical properties to support tissue formation during healing. The experiments results show that the scaffold system has the ability to enhance stem cell differentiation and promote liver regeneration, with non-toxic degradation products. In summary, the non-toxic, degradable scaffold system loaded with plant components holds vast potential in the field of biomedicine, providing a new approach for constructing safe and efficient biomedical materials.
{"title":"Dual plant compounds-loaded chitosan hydrogel-based scaffold promotes cell proliferation for repairing liver injury","authors":"Lanqing Wang , Lihui Pang , Xin Guo , Wenbo Li , Rongqian Wu , Cuiping Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113522","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113522","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Liver tissue engineering is an essential approach to improve liver injury repair or regeneration for compensation of donor shortage, in which the combination of scaffolds and bioactive factors play a crucial role. Until now, a minimal number of products are used in clinic for their hurdles of biocompatibility. Here a degradable scaffold system based on chitosan polymers that are cross linked by Schiff reaction was prepared, which exhibits excellent biocompatibility and degradability. Two natural plant components with protective toxicity ability and improved tissue formation were loaded in scaffold to promote the cell proliferation as well as reduced drug dosage, further lowering the bio-toxicity of the scaffold system while ensuring its duration and effectiveness. Furthermore, our scaffold system possesses suitable degradation rate that match the regeneration rate of native tissue, which can maintain mechanical properties to support tissue formation during healing. The experiments results show that the scaffold system has the ability to enhance stem cell differentiation and promote liver regeneration, with non-toxic degradation products. In summary, the non-toxic, degradable scaffold system loaded with plant components holds vast potential in the field of biomedicine, providing a new approach for constructing safe and efficient biomedical materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 113522"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113532
Emre Akar, Umit Tunca, Hakan Durmaz
In this review, we comprehensively described the synthetic approaches for the preparation of polythioacetals (PTAs) by step-growth, chain-growth, and post-polymerization modification techniques from the past to the present. In addition, we reviewed the state-of-the-art applications of PTAs as reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsive polymers, chemosensors for Hg2+ ions, and polymers with dynamic covalent bond properties. Since a wide range of reactive oxygen species (ROS) applications of PTAs for cell delivery is beyond the scope of this review, some pioneering works are discussed, and the remaining items are only cited in the text. However, the utilization of PTAs as chemosensors for Hg2+ ions and the dynamic covalent bond properties of PTAs are extensively reviewed here. Also, as less common implementations of PTAs, the proton shelter and the polymeric bone cement examples are described in the text. The practical synthesizability of PTA and its wide range of applications in materials science and bio-based applications indicate that this fundamental reaction will proceed to be used continuously in various disciplines of chemistry in the future.
{"title":"Polythioacetals: From old chemistry to new perspectives","authors":"Emre Akar, Umit Tunca, Hakan Durmaz","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113532","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this review, we comprehensively described the synthetic approaches for the preparation of polythioacetals (PTAs) by step-growth, chain-growth, and post-polymerization modification techniques from the<!--> <!-->past to the<!--> <!-->present. In addition, we reviewed the state-of-the-art applications of PTAs as reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsive polymers, chemosensors for Hg<sup>2+</sup> ions, and polymers with dynamic covalent bond properties. Since a wide range of reactive oxygen species (ROS) applications of PTAs for cell delivery is beyond the scope of this review, some pioneering works are discussed, and the remaining items are only cited in the text. However, the utilization of PTAs as chemosensors for Hg<sup>2+</sup> ions and the dynamic covalent bond properties of PTAs are extensively reviewed here. Also, as less common implementations of PTAs, the proton shelter and the polymeric bone cement examples are described in the text. The practical synthesizability of PTA and its wide range of applications in materials science and bio-based applications indicate that this fundamental reaction will proceed to be used continuously in various disciplines of chemistry in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 113532"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113526
Fan Zhang, Meng-hang Gao, Chao-qun Wu, Jing-hui Yang, Nan Zhang, Yong Wang
In today’s electric power systems, biodegradable and environmentally benign dielectric materials with outstanding dielectric capabilities are essential. Here, a hybrid filler MXene@PDA (M@P) was acquired by coating MXene with polydopamine (PDA), and then it was added into cellulose matrix to manufacture regenerated cellulose/M@P (RC/M@P) composite films. Finally, a crosslinking strategy with glutaraldehyde (GA) assistance was developed to further modify the RC/M@P composite films. The crosslinked composite films (CRC/M@P) had a denser structure with fewer defects, considerably decreased dielectric loss, and significantly strengthened breakdown strength. The highest energy storage density of 3.37 J/cm3 was obtained for CRC/M@P-1 composite film with only 1 wt% M@P at 361.07 MV/m, achieving significant enhancement compared with the original CRC film. Moreover, crosslinking also contributed to the CRC/M@P for achieving better mechanical properties. The excellent comprehensive performances endow CRC/M@P composite films with promising application for the next-generation dielectric capacitors.
{"title":"Glutaraldehyde-assisted crosslinking for the preparation of low dielectric loss and high energy density cellulose composites filled with poly(dopamine) modified MXene","authors":"Fan Zhang, Meng-hang Gao, Chao-qun Wu, Jing-hui Yang, Nan Zhang, Yong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113526","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113526","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In today’s electric power systems, biodegradable and environmentally benign dielectric materials with outstanding dielectric capabilities are essential. Here, a hybrid filler MXene@PDA (M@P) was acquired by coating MXene with polydopamine (PDA), and then it was added into cellulose matrix to manufacture regenerated cellulose/M@P (RC/M@P) composite films. Finally, a crosslinking strategy with glutaraldehyde (GA) assistance was developed to further modify the RC/M@P composite films. The crosslinked composite films (CRC/M@P) had a denser structure with fewer defects, considerably decreased dielectric loss, and significantly strengthened breakdown strength. The highest energy storage density of 3.37 J/cm<sup>3</sup> was obtained for CRC/M@P-1 composite film with only 1 wt% M@P at 361.07 MV/m, achieving significant enhancement compared with the original CRC film. Moreover, crosslinking also contributed to the CRC/M@P for achieving better mechanical properties. The excellent comprehensive performances endow CRC/M@P composite films with promising application for the next-generation dielectric capacitors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 113526"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human future needs are moving toward the use of intelligent materials providing multiple smart functionalities in a single system. Herein, thermo and photo-responsive shape memory polyurethanes (SMPUs) with several smart functionalities were developed for different applications, including sensors and actuators, anti-counterfeiting inks, ink-free rewritable media, self-healing coatings, and smart data transfer. The SMPUs were prepared based on semi-crystalline polycaprolactone soft segments, as the thermo-responsive shape memory switches, and coumarin-based chain extenders, as the photo-responsive groups. The photo-induced reversible cycloaddition reactions of the coumarin groups upon UV light irradiation provides a photo-responsive shape memory effect. Moreover, the diverse fluorescence emission intensities of the dimerized and undimerized coumarin groups presented the photolithography ability of the samples. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry studies showed that the presence of coumarin bulky groups and their dimerization under UV irradiation substantially changed the microphase separation of SMPUs. The mechanical studies showed that the morphological variation in SMPUs structure transforms the mechanical behavior of the samples from highly cross-linked mechanical behavior to a more ductile one. In addition, the photo-induced cross-linking of PU chains results in a 3D network with high coumarin content, which improved mechanical strength of the samples. Resistance against swelling in hot dimethylformamide verified dimerization of the coumarin groups. This study follows a complete report on the synthesis, characterization, and some smart functionalities of the coumarin-based SMPUs.
{"title":"Coumarin-based polyurethane with triple-shape memory effect, photo-responsive self-healing, photolithography, and dual-mode encoding/decoding for smart data transfer","authors":"Mohammad Reza Miralvar , Amin Babaie , Mostafa Rezaei , Hossein Roghani-Mamaqani , Reza Lotfi Mayan-Sofla , Paya HassanAlizadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human future needs are moving toward the use of intelligent materials providing multiple smart functionalities in a single system. Herein, thermo and photo-responsive shape memory polyurethanes (SMPUs) with several smart functionalities were developed for different applications, including sensors and actuators, anti-counterfeiting inks, ink-free rewritable media, self-healing coatings, and smart data transfer. The SMPUs were prepared based on semi-crystalline polycaprolactone soft segments, as the thermo-responsive shape memory switches, and coumarin-based chain extenders, as the photo-responsive groups. The photo-induced reversible cycloaddition reactions of the coumarin groups upon UV light irradiation provides a photo-responsive shape memory effect. Moreover, the diverse fluorescence emission intensities of the dimerized and undimerized coumarin groups presented the photolithography ability of the samples. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry studies showed that the presence of coumarin bulky groups and their dimerization under UV irradiation substantially changed the microphase separation of SMPUs. The mechanical studies showed that the morphological variation in SMPUs structure transforms the mechanical behavior of the samples from highly cross-linked mechanical behavior to a more ductile one. In addition, the photo-induced cross-linking of PU chains results in a 3D network with high coumarin content, which improved mechanical strength of the samples. Resistance against swelling in hot dimethylformamide verified dimerization of the coumarin groups. This study follows a complete report on the synthesis, characterization, and some smart functionalities of the coumarin-based SMPUs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 113528"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113523
Xiangyu Liu , Qing Ai , Yang Yu , Meng Liu , Yong Shuai , Qinghui Pan
Gravitational wave detection systems require high-stability precision equipment, making the control of thermal conductivity in applied materials essential for stable operation. Grounded in molecular dynamics theory, this study aims to enhance the thermal conductivity of polyimide (PI) materials through the application of external pressure. The Reverse Non-Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics (RNEMD) method was used to investigate the heat transfer mechanisms in PI structures under different compression pressures. The results show significant thermal conduction along polymer chains when the chain length exceeds 15 monomers. This observation aligns with the thermal conductivity mechanisms of actual molecular chain polymers, accurately reflecting the structural behavior of PI. Furthermore, when continuous pressure was applied between 0 and 12 GPa, complex patterns of thermal conductivity emerged. Initially, thermal conductivity exhibited an upward trend, followed by a decrease, and finally a rise with increasing pressure, resulting in at least a 40 % increase in thermal conductivity. The dynamic changes in thermal conductivity are attributed to complex variations in molecular interactions and heat conduction pathways. Moderate compression enhances effective phonon transport between molecules, whereas excessive compression induces structural disorder, thereby reducing thermal conductivity. The study also examined the impact of model density and structural changes on thermal conductivity during compression. With the same structure, thermal conductivity exhibited a gradual increase with rising density. However, within the density range of 1.6 to 1.9 g/cm3, thermal conductivity showed a significant increase. At consistent density, thermal conductivity abruptly decreased at lower compression levels. With increased compression, thermal conductivity changes gradually leveled off. This comprehensive study delved into the interactions between chain length, pressure, and structural factors affecting the thermal conductivity of PI materials. These findings provide an important theoretical foundation for the development and design of new materials, potentially optimizing the thermal management performance of gravitational wave detection systems.
引力波探测系统需要高稳定性的精密设备，因此控制应用材料的导热性对稳定运行至关重要。本研究以分子动力学理论为基础，旨在通过施加外部压力来提高聚酰亚胺（PI）材料的热导率。研究采用反向非平衡分子动力学（RNEMD）方法研究了不同压缩压力下聚酰亚胺结构的传热机制。结果表明，当聚合物链长度超过 15 个单体时，沿聚合物链的热传导非常明显。这一观察结果与实际分子链聚合物的导热机制一致，准确地反映了 PI 的结构行为。此外，当在 0 到 12 GPa 之间持续施加压力时，导热性出现了复杂的模式。最初，热导率呈上升趋势，随后下降，最后随着压力的增加而上升，热导率至少增加了 40%。热导率的动态变化归因于分子相互作用和热传导途径的复杂变化。适度压缩会增强分子间的有效声子传输，而过度压缩则会导致结构紊乱，从而降低导热率。研究还考察了压缩过程中模型密度和结构变化对热导率的影响。在结构相同的情况下，热导率随着密度的增加而逐渐增加。然而，在 1.6 至 1.9 g/cm3 的密度范围内，热导率出现了显著增加。在密度一致的情况下，热导率在压缩水平较低时突然下降。随着压缩量的增加，热导率的变化逐渐趋于平稳。这项综合研究深入探讨了影响 PI 材料热导率的链长、压力和结构因素之间的相互作用。这些发现为新材料的开发和设计提供了重要的理论基础，有可能优化引力波探测系统的热管理性能。
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Protein-polymer conjugates are an important class of hybrid biomaterials with significant potential for biomedical applications. This study presents an innovative method for synthesizing and self-assembling these conjugates into nanoparticles using an oxygen-tolerant photoinitiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization-induced self-assembly (RAFT-PISA) technique. By employing eosin Y/triethanolamine (EY/TEOA) as a photocatalyst system, oxygen inhibition is successfully overcome. As a model, a disulfide-containing bovine serum albumin (BSA) macro-RAFT agent is synthesized and used to control the copolymerization of N,N-dimethyl acrylamide (DMA) and diacetone acrylamide (DAAm). The resulting amphiphilic BSA-P(DMA-co-DAAm) conjugates self-assemble into well-defined spherical micelles. The study meticulously explores how various factors–such as the degree of polymerization (DP), DMA content, solid content, and grafting density (number of polymer chains per protein) affect the size and morphology of the nanoparticles. Finally, the introduction of reduction-sensitive disulfide linkages between proteins and synthetic polymers imparts degradability under biologically relevant redox conditions, making these conjugates promising candidates for drug delivery applications. This study offers a versatile and efficient strategy for the synthesis and self-assembly of protein-polymer conjugates into nanoparticles with potential applications in biomedicine.
{"title":"Oxygen-tolerant photo-RAFT enables in-situ synthesis of protein-based nanoparticles","authors":"Vinod Kumar Kannaujiya, Tong Zhang, Md Aquib, Cyrille Boyer","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Protein-polymer conjugates are an important class of hybrid biomaterials with significant potential for biomedical applications. This study presents an innovative method for synthesizing and self-assembling these conjugates into nanoparticles using an oxygen-tolerant photoinitiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization-induced self-assembly (RAFT-PISA) technique. By employing eosin Y/triethanolamine (EY/TEOA) as a photocatalyst system, oxygen inhibition is successfully overcome. As a model, a disulfide-containing bovine serum albumin (BSA) macro-RAFT agent is synthesized and used to control the copolymerization of <em>N,N</em>-dimethyl acrylamide (DMA) and diacetone acrylamide (DAAm). The resulting amphiphilic BSA-P(DMA-<em>co</em>-DAAm) conjugates self-assemble into well-defined spherical micelles. The study meticulously explores how various factors–such as the degree of polymerization (DP), DMA content, solid content, and grafting density (number of polymer chains per protein) affect the size and morphology of the nanoparticles. Finally, the introduction of reduction-sensitive disulfide linkages between proteins and synthetic polymers imparts degradability under biologically relevant redox conditions, making these conjugates promising candidates for drug delivery applications. This study offers a versatile and efficient strategy for the synthesis and self-assembly of protein-polymer conjugates into nanoparticles with potential applications in biomedicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 113518"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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