Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2024.100774
Xiaoming Yu, Yichun Cai, Tianfu Wang, Tongwen Yu
Two-dimensional building blocks with atomic thinness can be assembled into ultrathin separation membranes minimizing the transport resistance to maximize the permeation rate. Herein, this review focuses on the current states, challenges and perspectives of 2D nanosheet membranes. The nanosheet membranes, such as zeolite, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), graphene and graphene oxide (GO), COFs-based and mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) as well as 2D confined membranes are first systematically introduced. Further, the recent advances of synthesis methods for 2D nanosheets and membranes are systematically reviewed. It concludes with the current challenges of membrane synthesis and performance, the perspectives are also provided.
{"title":"A review on two-dimensional nanosheet membranes for separation","authors":"Xiaoming Yu, Yichun Cai, Tianfu Wang, Tongwen Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2024.100774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2024.100774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two-dimensional building blocks with atomic thinness can be assembled into ultrathin separation membranes minimizing the transport resistance to maximize the permeation rate. Herein, this review focuses on the current states, challenges and perspectives of 2D nanosheet membranes. The nanosheet membranes, such as zeolite, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), graphene and graphene oxide (GO), COFs-based and mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) as well as 2D confined membranes are first systematically introduced. Further, the recent advances of synthesis methods for 2D nanosheets and membranes are systematically reviewed. It concludes with the current challenges of membrane synthesis and performance, the perspectives are also provided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100774"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143183020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2024.100802
Devkumari Patel , Swati Jaiswal , Bhushashi Khuntey , Sanju Yadav , Ankita Rai , Vijai K Rai , Manorama Singh
We report the p-nitrophenol electrochemical sensor using a new nanocomposite composed of bioinspired synthesised ‘reduced graphene oxide grafted Ag nanoparticles and g-C3N4 ‘(AgNPs-rGO)TL’. Here, it has been prepared by simultaneous reduction of AgNO3 and graphene oxide (GO) in one pot using only a phytoextract i. e. Ocimum sanctum leaf extract as a ‘green reducer’. It is a straightforward, green and cost-effective approach. Further, it blends with graphitic carbon nitride to form a new nanocomposite (AgNPs-rGO)TL:g-C3N4 for electrocatalytic sensing of toxic ‘p-nitrophenol’ in the aqueous medium at −0.62 V. The synthesized nanocomposite was well-characterized by FTIR, XPS, XRD, SEM with EDX and TEM. Phyto-synthesized (AgNPs-rGO)TL synergistically enhances the properties of g-C3N4 such as surface coverage area and electron transportation. The newly fabricated sensor exhibited negligible influence of common interferences and performed well in a very wide linearity in two calibration ranges (0.015 μM–846 μM and 846 μM–8001 μM) and detection limit (15 nM). The real-world sample analysis was well performed.
{"title":"An electroactive nanocomposite based on g-C3N4 and bioinspired synthesized reduced graphene oxide grafted Ag nanoparticles for p-nitrophenol detection","authors":"Devkumari Patel , Swati Jaiswal , Bhushashi Khuntey , Sanju Yadav , Ankita Rai , Vijai K Rai , Manorama Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2024.100802","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2024.100802","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report the <em>p</em>-nitrophenol electrochemical sensor using a new nanocomposite composed of bioinspired synthesised ‘reduced graphene oxide grafted Ag nanoparticles and <em>g</em>-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> ‘(AgNPs-rGO)<sub>TL</sub>’. Here, it has been prepared by simultaneous reduction of AgNO<sub>3</sub> and graphene oxide (GO) in one pot using only a phytoextract <em>i. e. Ocimum sanctum</em> leaf extract as a ‘green reducer’. It is a straightforward, green and cost-effective approach. Further, it blends with graphitic carbon nitride to form a new nanocomposite (AgNPs-rGO)<sub>TL</sub>:<em>g</em>-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> for electrocatalytic sensing of toxic ‘<em>p</em>-nitrophenol’ in the aqueous medium at −0.62 V. The synthesized nanocomposite was well-characterized by FTIR, XPS, XRD, SEM with EDX and TEM. Phyto-synthesized (AgNPs-rGO)<sub>TL</sub> synergistically enhances the properties of <em>g</em>-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> such as surface coverage area and electron transportation. The newly fabricated sensor exhibited negligible influence of common interferences and performed well in a very wide linearity in two calibration ranges (0.015 μM–846 μM and 846 μM–8001 μM) and detection limit (15 nM). The real-world sample analysis was well performed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100802"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2024.100795
Cem Odaci , Muhammad Shaukat Khan , Tutku Beduk , Manoj Jose , Marta Kisielewska , Umut Aydemir , Ali Roshanghias
Exhibiting excellent absorption in the UV–visible wavelength range makes layered gallium sulfide (GaS) semiconductor material a promising candidate for use in electronics and optoelectronics applications. Recently, a fully printed GaS-based photodetector has been proposed and fabricated, rendering a low-cost fabrication process in flexible electronics. However, the degradation of the semiconductor layer due to environmental conditions causes reliability issues and shortens their lifetime. Thus, in this study, an attempt has been made to encapsulate printed GaS-based photodetector using different polymers to hinder the degradation. It is demonstrated that encapsulating the printed GaS-based photodetector by utilizing the polymer-capping method with styrene co-polymers, Polystyrene-block-polyisoprene-block-polystyrene, highly hydrogenated poly(styrene)-block-poly(butadiene), partially hydrogenated poly(styrene)-block-poly(butadiene), increases the performance of the photodetector. The efficiency of the GaS-based photodetector printed on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate has reached up to 123 % in responsivity in 6 weeks after the polymer coating. Also, the device figure of merit, the detectivity value of the printed photodetector, has increased more than three times after the polymer coating compared to its as-deposited state. Meanwhile, it is observed that the fall and rise times of the printed GaS photodetector have remained constant. Based on these results attained in this study, it can be claimed that the polymer coating provides high performance and long stability in the printed GaS-based photodetectors on flexible substrates, which will pave the way for the further implementations of III-VI group layered semiconductor materials in electronics and optoelectronics applications.
{"title":"The enhanced lifetime of printed GaS-based photodetectors with polymer encapsulation","authors":"Cem Odaci , Muhammad Shaukat Khan , Tutku Beduk , Manoj Jose , Marta Kisielewska , Umut Aydemir , Ali Roshanghias","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2024.100795","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2024.100795","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exhibiting excellent absorption in the UV–visible wavelength range makes layered gallium sulfide (GaS) semiconductor material a promising candidate for use in electronics and optoelectronics applications. Recently, a fully printed GaS-based photodetector has been proposed and fabricated, rendering a low-cost fabrication process in flexible electronics. However, the degradation of the semiconductor layer due to environmental conditions causes reliability issues and shortens their lifetime. Thus, in this study, an attempt has been made to encapsulate printed GaS-based photodetector using different polymers to hinder the degradation. It is demonstrated that encapsulating the printed GaS-based photodetector by utilizing the polymer-capping method with styrene co-polymers, Polystyrene-block-polyisoprene-block-polystyrene, highly hydrogenated poly(styrene)-block-poly(butadiene), partially hydrogenated poly(styrene)-block-poly(butadiene), increases the performance of the photodetector. The efficiency of the GaS-based photodetector printed on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate has reached up to 123 % in responsivity in 6 weeks after the polymer coating. Also, the device figure of merit, the detectivity value of the printed photodetector, has increased more than three times after the polymer coating compared to its as-deposited state. Meanwhile, it is observed that the fall and rise times of the printed GaS photodetector have remained constant. Based on these results attained in this study, it can be claimed that the polymer coating provides high performance and long stability in the printed GaS-based photodetectors on flexible substrates, which will pave the way for the further implementations of III-VI group layered semiconductor materials in electronics and optoelectronics applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100795"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100811
Havva Nur Gurbuz , Kenan Can Tok , Mehmet Gumustas , Esra Maltas Cagil , Hasan Huseyin Ipekci , Aytekin Uzunoglu
Two-dimensional (2D) metal carbides, nitrides, and carbo nitrides (MXenes) are considered potent alternatives to carbon-based 2D materials for inkjet printing. On the other hand, the low oxidation resistance and vulnerability to restacking issues make developing novel MXene-based materials with 3D structures essential. Herein, we developed highly stable aqueous inks consisting of Nitrogen and Sulphur-codoped (V2C MXene nanoflower (Nf)/holey multiwalled carbon nanotube (h-MWCNT)) hybrids. The V2C MXene Nf architectures with an average particle size of 284.6 ± 78.8 nm were synthesized using a facile ultrasonic treatment followed by a freeze-drying process without any template. The 3D V2C MXene architectures were mixed with holey MWCNTs to enhance the oxidation stability of MXene. Furthermore, creating holes in the MWCNT structure enhanced the printability of the inks and boosted the electrochemical performance of the printed sensors significantly compared to pristine MWCNT-based hybrids. The inks were inkjet printed on flexible substrates to fabricate electrochemical sensors. The electrocatalytic activity of the printed sensors was assessed against nicotine. The results indicated that our novel printed sensor design performed much better than already reported sensors in terms of linear range (10–500 µM) and LOD (0.058 µM).
{"title":"Development of flexible nicotine sensors by inkjet printing of heteroatom-doped 3D V2C MXene nanoflower/holey carbon nanotube-based inks","authors":"Havva Nur Gurbuz , Kenan Can Tok , Mehmet Gumustas , Esra Maltas Cagil , Hasan Huseyin Ipekci , Aytekin Uzunoglu","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100811","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100811","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two-dimensional (2D) metal carbides, nitrides, and carbo nitrides (MXenes) are considered potent alternatives to carbon-based 2D materials for inkjet printing. On the other hand, the low oxidation resistance and vulnerability to restacking issues make developing novel MXene-based materials with 3D structures essential. Herein, we developed highly stable aqueous inks consisting of Nitrogen and Sulphur-codoped (V<sub>2</sub>C MXene nanoflower (Nf)/holey multiwalled carbon nanotube (h-MWCNT)) hybrids. The V<sub>2</sub>C MXene Nf architectures with an average particle size of 284.6 ± 78.8 nm were synthesized using a facile ultrasonic treatment followed by a freeze-drying process without any template. The 3D V<sub>2</sub>C MXene architectures were mixed with holey MWCNTs to enhance the oxidation stability of MXene. Furthermore, creating holes in the MWCNT structure enhanced the printability of the inks and boosted the electrochemical performance of the printed sensors significantly compared to pristine MWCNT-based hybrids. The inks were inkjet printed on flexible substrates to fabricate electrochemical sensors. The electrocatalytic activity of the printed sensors was assessed against nicotine. The results indicated that our novel printed sensor design performed much better than already reported sensors in terms of linear range (10–500 µM) and LOD (0.058 µM).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100811"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2024.100801
Nallin Sharma , Chia-Hung Chi , Deepak Dabur , Andrew Chi-Chang Tsai , Hui-Fen Wu
The increasing health hazards of microplastics has raised an alarming scenario worldwide. Microplastic contaminants are present everywhere and causing unwanted interactions and hence termed as pollutants. Strict studies to explore the involvement of small-size microplastics are need of hour, and highly sensitive probes are required for identification. The present study explores highly sensitive identification of <1 µm melamine microplastic in water sources using non-hexagonal IrCu (NH-IC) nanosheets as a photoelectrochemical (PEC) agent. Synthesis of IrCu nanosheet is carried out via a non-hydrolytic sol–gel process, assisted with the probe-sonication method. The methodology is stringently developed to achieve high PEC response under UV illumination, the current density increases after UV-illumination. Selective identification of melamine was achieved in comparison with other similar-sized microplastics, and particulate count’s measurement showed a high linearity response. The particulate study shows a high linearity response after incubation with the NH-IC nanosheet. The calculated response after melamine microplastic incubation for 10 and 20 min is R2 0.9421, 0.9624 and the limit of detection is 0.034 ppm and 0.0028 ppm, respectively.
{"title":"Cost-effective and selective determining <1 µm melamine microplastics via the photoelectrochemical properties of Ir-Cu non-hexagonal nanosheets","authors":"Nallin Sharma , Chia-Hung Chi , Deepak Dabur , Andrew Chi-Chang Tsai , Hui-Fen Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2024.100801","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2024.100801","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing health hazards of microplastics has raised an alarming scenario worldwide. Microplastic contaminants are present everywhere and causing unwanted interactions and hence termed as pollutants. Strict studies to explore the involvement of small-size microplastics are need of hour, and highly sensitive probes are required for identification. The present study explores highly sensitive identification of <1 µm melamine microplastic in water sources using non-hexagonal IrCu (NH-IC) nanosheets as a photoelectrochemical (PEC) agent. Synthesis of IrCu nanosheet is carried out via a non-hydrolytic sol–gel process, assisted with the probe-sonication method. The methodology is stringently developed to achieve high PEC response under UV illumination, the current density increases after UV-illumination. Selective identification of melamine was achieved in comparison with other similar-sized microplastics, and particulate count’s measurement showed a high linearity response. The particulate study shows a high linearity response after incubation with the NH-IC nanosheet. The calculated response after melamine microplastic incubation for 10 and 20 min is R<sup>2</sup> 0.9421, 0.9624 and the limit of detection is 0.034 ppm and 0.0028 ppm, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100801"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MXenes (2-dimensional metal carbides and carbonitrides) have gained significant attention as layered materials due to their unique combination of high electrical conductivity and hydrophilic nature. In this study, titanium carbide MXene (Ti3C2Tx) nanosheets have been synthesized by etching the MAX phase (Ti3AlC2) using hydrofluoric acid (HF) and subsequently delaminated using three different reagents: Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAOH), Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and Aqueous ammonia (aq. NH3). The impact of these delaminating agents on the structure, morphology and electrical properties of the resulting MXenes was thoroughly investigated to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Experimental results reveal that TMAOH is more effective in achieving layer separation than DMSO and aqueous NH3. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images confirm superior delamination with TMAOH, resulting in thinner, more transparent sheets than those obtained with the other agents. Raman spectroscopy further confirms successful layer separation in samples delaminated with TMAOH and DMSO with various surface functional groups including –OH, –F, and =O present on all delaminated sheets indicating that functionalization occurs during delamination. The electrical conductivity measurements results reveal that the etched MAX phase (MX3) exhibits higher electrical conductivity than the delaminated samples of identical thickness, likely due to the Grotthuss mechanism of proton conductivity playing a dominant role.
{"title":"The role of delaminating agents on the structure, morphology, bonding and electrical properties of HF etched MXenes","authors":"Swati Singh, Saicharan Dharavath, Supriya Kodali, Raj Kishora Dash","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2024.100806","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2024.100806","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>MXenes (2-dimensional metal carbides and carbonitrides) have gained significant attention as layered materials due to their unique combination of high electrical conductivity and hydrophilic nature. In this study, titanium carbide MXene (Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub>) nanosheets have been synthesized by etching the MAX phase (Ti<sub>3</sub>AlC<sub>2</sub>) using hydrofluoric acid (HF) and subsequently delaminated using three different reagents: Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAOH), Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and Aqueous ammonia (aq. NH<sub>3</sub>). The impact of these delaminating agents on the structure, morphology and electrical properties of the resulting MXenes was thoroughly investigated to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Experimental results reveal that TMAOH is more effective in achieving layer separation than DMSO and aqueous NH<sub>3</sub>. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images confirm superior delamination with TMAOH, resulting in thinner, more transparent sheets than those obtained with the other agents. Raman spectroscopy further confirms successful layer separation in samples delaminated with TMAOH and DMSO with various surface functional groups including –OH, –F, and =O present on all delaminated sheets indicating that functionalization occurs during delamination. The electrical conductivity measurements results reveal that the etched MAX phase (MX3) exhibits higher electrical conductivity than the delaminated samples of identical thickness, likely due to the Grotthuss mechanism of proton conductivity playing a dominant role.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100806"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2024.100799
Kristína Tančárová , Iuliia V. Voroshylova , Lukas Bucinsky , Michal Malček
Borophene, a monolayer of boron atoms, belongs to intensively studied two-dimensional “beyond-graphene” materials. The B36 borophene nanoflake is a finite size model system, containing a hexagonal vacancy similar to the ones present in β12 and χ3 borophene sheets. The hydrogen binding performance of B36 decorated with various transition metal atoms is investigated using density functional theory and quantum theory of atoms in molecules. Hydrogen is considered to become one of the crucial energy sources in future, hence, a search for effective hydrogen storage materials is of urge importance. Obtained results suggest that B36 decorated with Co, Ni, Fe, and Cu possess strong affinity to bind the H2 molecule via formation of η2-dihydrogen bonds. Among them, the strongest H2 binding is found for Co- and Ni-decorated B36. Furthermore, B36 decorated with Sc and Ti behave like H–H bond breakers while B36 decorated with Zn possess only negligible affinity to bind H2 molecule. The stability of the B36 decorated with Co and Ni is verified by ab initio molecular dynamics. The presented data may also serve as a basis for reference in future large-scale computational studies of borophene-based materials.
{"title":"Hydrogen binding on the B36 borophene nanoflake decorated with first row transition metal atoms: DFT, QTAIM and AIMD study","authors":"Kristína Tančárová , Iuliia V. Voroshylova , Lukas Bucinsky , Michal Malček","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2024.100799","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2024.100799","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Borophene, a monolayer of boron atoms, belongs to intensively studied two-dimensional “beyond-graphene” materials. The B<sub>36</sub> borophene nanoflake is a finite size model system, containing a hexagonal vacancy similar to the ones present in β<sub>12</sub> and χ<sub>3</sub> borophene sheets. The hydrogen binding performance of B<sub>36</sub> decorated with various transition metal atoms is investigated using density functional theory and quantum theory of atoms in molecules. Hydrogen is considered to become one of the crucial energy sources in future, hence, a search for effective hydrogen storage materials is of urge importance. Obtained results suggest that B<sub>36</sub> decorated with Co, Ni, Fe, and Cu possess strong affinity to bind the H<sub>2</sub> molecule via formation of <em>η</em><sup>2</sup>-dihydrogen bonds. Among them, the strongest H<sub>2</sub> binding is found for Co- and Ni-decorated B<sub>36</sub>. Furthermore, B<sub>36</sub> decorated with Sc and Ti behave like H–H bond breakers while B<sub>36</sub> decorated with Zn possess only negligible affinity to bind H<sub>2</sub> molecule. The stability of the B<sub>36</sub> decorated with Co and Ni is verified by ab initio molecular dynamics. The presented data may also serve as a basis for reference in future large-scale computational studies of borophene-based materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100799"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2024.100803
Qinrou Li , Sihai Sun , Yi Zeng , Xianxi Luo, Shiwei Liu, Jinhua Zhang, Zhiwu Chen
Recently, piezo-photocatalysis has attracted great scientific interest, in which a piezoelectric field promotes the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, thereby significantly enhancing the photocatalytic efficiency of the material. In this study, Bi4-xNdxTi3O12 (x = 0, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, xNd-BTO) nanosheets were fabricated through a hydrothermal technique and employed as piezo-photocatalysts to degrade Rhodamine B (RhB) and diclofenac sodium (DS). Across all samples, 0.75Nd-BTO exhibited the highest piezo-photocatalytic efficiency, achieving complete RhB degradation in just 25 min, with an apparent rate constant of 0.2151 min−1. This activity was approximately 9.31 times greater than that of pristine BTO, surpassing the performance of most piezo-photocatalysts reported. The appropriate amount of Nd doping increases the specific surface area, optimizes energy band structure, as well as promotes the coupling of piezoelectric and photocatalytic effects, which contribute to the excellent piezo-photocatalytic activity of 0.75Nd-BTO. In this work, it is shown that doping with appropriate amounts of Nd3+ can significantly improve the piezo-photocatalytic performance of piezoelectrics, which provides a feasible way to design efficient piezo-photocatalysts in the future.
{"title":"Enhanced macroscopic polarization in bismuth titanate nanosheets for efficient piezo-photocatalytic degradation of pollutants by Nd doping","authors":"Qinrou Li , Sihai Sun , Yi Zeng , Xianxi Luo, Shiwei Liu, Jinhua Zhang, Zhiwu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2024.100803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2024.100803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, piezo-photocatalysis has attracted great scientific interest, in which a piezoelectric field promotes the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, thereby significantly enhancing the photocatalytic efficiency of the material. In this study, Bi<sub>4-</sub><em><sub>x</sub></em>Nd<em><sub>x</sub></em>Ti<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (<em>x</em> = 0, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, <em>x</em>Nd-BTO) nanosheets were fabricated through a hydrothermal technique and employed as piezo-photocatalysts to degrade Rhodamine B (RhB) and diclofenac sodium (DS). Across all samples, 0.75Nd-BTO exhibited the highest piezo-photocatalytic efficiency, achieving complete RhB degradation in just 25 min, with an apparent rate constant of 0.2151 min<sup>−1</sup>. This activity was approximately 9.31 times greater than that of pristine BTO, surpassing the performance of most piezo-photocatalysts reported. The appropriate amount of Nd doping increases the specific surface area, optimizes energy band structure, as well as promotes the coupling of piezoelectric and photocatalytic effects, which contribute to the excellent piezo-photocatalytic activity of 0.75Nd-BTO. In this work, it is shown that doping with appropriate amounts of Nd<sup>3+</sup> can significantly improve the piezo-photocatalytic performance of piezoelectrics, which provides a feasible way to design efficient piezo-photocatalysts in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100803"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2024.100804
Thangavel Sakthivel , Abiyazhini Rajendran
Enhancing the transformation of true (Ni2+ to Ni3+) active site in amorphous nickel borate (NiB) is the paramount importance in alkaline water/ seawater splitting. In this study, we strengthen the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance of amorphous NiB nanosheets by adding Fe. The incorporated Fe enriches conductivity which facilitating formation of real active site in the NiFeB. This unique nanosheet structure of NiFeB features more active sites and large open surface area that permit the better electrolyte diffusion. The optimized electrocatalyst demonstrates impressive OER activity with an ultra-low overpotential of 180 mV (50 mA cm−2), a small Tafel slope (63 mV dec−1) also exhibits exceptional durability over 24 h in alkaline water. Similarly, in alkaline seawater, the catalyst displays a low over potential of 185 mV to reach 50 mA cm−2, a small Tafel slope 46 mV dec−1 and excellent durability over 24 h. For the hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline water, the amorphous NiFe0.5B nanosheet shows low overpotential as 290 mV at 10 mA cm−2, a small Tafel slope 195 mV dec−1. In overall alkaline seawater splitting, the catalyst delivers 50 mA cm−2 at the lowest cell voltage of 1.63 V with exceptional stability. This work provides valuable insights into the cost-effective design of amorphous transition metal borate OER catalyst for seawater splitting.
{"title":"Rapid self-reconstruction of nickel in amorphous nickel borate nanosheets for efficient oxygen evolution in alkaline seawater splitting","authors":"Thangavel Sakthivel , Abiyazhini Rajendran","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2024.100804","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2024.100804","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhancing the transformation of true (Ni<sup>2+</sup> to Ni<sup>3+</sup>) active site in amorphous nickel borate (NiB) is the paramount importance in alkaline water/ seawater splitting. In this study, we strengthen the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance of amorphous NiB nanosheets by adding Fe. The incorporated Fe enriches conductivity which facilitating formation of real active site in the NiFeB. This unique nanosheet structure of NiFeB features more active sites and large open surface area that permit the better electrolyte diffusion. The optimized electrocatalyst demonstrates impressive OER activity with an ultra-low overpotential of 180 mV (50 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>), a small Tafel slope (63 mV dec<sup>−1</sup>) also exhibits exceptional durability over 24 h in alkaline water. Similarly, in alkaline seawater, the catalyst displays a low over potential of 185 mV to reach 50 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>, a small Tafel slope 46 mV dec<sup>−1</sup> and excellent durability over 24 h. For the hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline water, the amorphous NiFe0.5B nanosheet shows low overpotential as 290 mV at 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>, a small Tafel slope 195 mV dec<sup>−1</sup>. In overall alkaline seawater splitting, the catalyst delivers 50 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> at the lowest cell voltage of 1.63 V with exceptional stability. This work provides valuable insights into the cost-effective design of amorphous transition metal borate OER catalyst for seawater splitting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100804"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143183021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Graphene-reinforced polymer composites (GRPCs) have evolved into a cutting-edge class of materials with remarkable physicochemical and thermomechanical properties. These composites offer a viable alternative to traditional materials with multifaceted applications. While existing studies have focused on specific polymer matrices and applications, there remains a lack of comprehensive analysis that integrates recent advancements in both thermosetting and thermoplastic polymers with an emphasis on their multifunctional properties. Therefore, the present review extensively focused on the state-of-the-art in the fabrication of GRPCs covering a wide range of thermosetting and thermoplastic polymer matrices. Several functionalization methods of graphene including covalent and non-covalent approaches were explored to enhance its compatibility and dispersion within the polymer matrices for enhanced properties. Recent advances in fabrication strategies which are crucial for enhancing interfacial bonding and preserving the intrinsic properties of graphene for optimizing the overall performance of the composite, are thoroughly discussed. Furthermore, several applications have been comprehensively explored in various sectors which lies due to the superior performance, higher sensitivity, and enhanced durability. In addition, this review critically discusses the environmental impact and sustainability related to GRPCs along with their challenges in the development and potential to revolutionize material design. This review offers a thorough overview of the latest advancements in GRPCs, bridging existing knowledge gaps and serving as a valuable asset for driving innovation across industries and promoting the growth of human civilization.
{"title":"Graphene-enhanced polymer composites: A state-of-the-art perspective on applications","authors":"Saurav Kumar Maity , Uplabdhi Tyagi , Ritesh Kumar , Krishna Kumar , Nikita Sheoran , Shagun Singh , Gulshan Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2024.100797","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2024.100797","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphene-reinforced polymer composites (GRPCs) have evolved into a cutting-edge class of materials with remarkable physicochemical and thermomechanical properties. These composites offer a viable alternative to traditional materials with multifaceted applications. While existing studies have focused on specific polymer matrices and applications, there remains a lack of comprehensive analysis that integrates recent advancements in both thermosetting and thermoplastic polymers with an emphasis on their multifunctional properties. Therefore, the present review extensively focused on the state-of-the-art in the fabrication of GRPCs covering a wide range of thermosetting and thermoplastic polymer matrices. Several functionalization methods of graphene including covalent and non-covalent approaches were explored to enhance its compatibility and dispersion within the polymer matrices for enhanced properties. Recent advances in fabrication strategies which are crucial for enhancing interfacial bonding and preserving the intrinsic properties of graphene for optimizing the overall performance of the composite, are thoroughly discussed. Furthermore, several applications have been comprehensively explored in various sectors which lies due to the superior performance, higher sensitivity, and enhanced durability. In addition, this review critically discusses the environmental impact and sustainability related to GRPCs along with their challenges in the development and potential to revolutionize material design. This review offers a thorough overview of the latest advancements in GRPCs, bridging existing knowledge gaps and serving as a valuable asset for driving innovation across industries and promoting the growth of human civilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100797"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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