Pub Date : 2023-12-14DOI: 10.3389/fcomm.2023.1264423
M. Baskini, K. Tsakpounidou, Jan Van Der Merwe, C. Keramydas, Maria Proestopoulos, H. Proios
Educational stroke programs seem to increase awareness about stroke management. However, there is a speculation that actual stroke knowledge post mass campaign implementation remains poor. The aim of the present study was to evaluate stroke knowledge retention four years post Fast Heroes program implementation, an interactive stroke educational program, in school-aged children without any follow up during this time.Seventy-eight (n = 47 had attended the program four years ago and n = 31 had never attended the program) school-aged children completed the age-adjusted online preparedness questionnaire during class four years post program implementation. The variables used to measure campaign effectiveness were knowledge of: i) stroke symptoms described in the FAST acronym (Face-Arm-Speech), ii) appropriate course of action (i.e., calling an ambulance), and iii) the European emergency number (i.e., 112).In all questions, children that had attended the program had 14–81% greater chances to answer correctly.There is still knowledge gain even four years post program implementation with no follow up during that time. The design of the campaign (i.e., 5-week duration, age-appropriate exercises, cartoon animations, song and dance elements, sentimentally driven activities and 3-layer education dissemination) facilitates long-term knowledge retention and may have led to the knowledge gains observed. Broad implementation potentially as part of the annual curriculum in schools can impact community stroke knowledge and should be considered.
{"title":"Is stroke knowledge retained? Four-year longitudinal data of FAST Heroes campaign","authors":"M. Baskini, K. Tsakpounidou, Jan Van Der Merwe, C. Keramydas, Maria Proestopoulos, H. Proios","doi":"10.3389/fcomm.2023.1264423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2023.1264423","url":null,"abstract":"Educational stroke programs seem to increase awareness about stroke management. However, there is a speculation that actual stroke knowledge post mass campaign implementation remains poor. The aim of the present study was to evaluate stroke knowledge retention four years post Fast Heroes program implementation, an interactive stroke educational program, in school-aged children without any follow up during this time.Seventy-eight (n = 47 had attended the program four years ago and n = 31 had never attended the program) school-aged children completed the age-adjusted online preparedness questionnaire during class four years post program implementation. The variables used to measure campaign effectiveness were knowledge of: i) stroke symptoms described in the FAST acronym (Face-Arm-Speech), ii) appropriate course of action (i.e., calling an ambulance), and iii) the European emergency number (i.e., 112).In all questions, children that had attended the program had 14–81% greater chances to answer correctly.There is still knowledge gain even four years post program implementation with no follow up during that time. The design of the campaign (i.e., 5-week duration, age-appropriate exercises, cartoon animations, song and dance elements, sentimentally driven activities and 3-layer education dissemination) facilitates long-term knowledge retention and may have led to the knowledge gains observed. Broad implementation potentially as part of the annual curriculum in schools can impact community stroke knowledge and should be considered.","PeriodicalId":31739,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Communication","volume":"31 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138972321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-14DOI: 10.3389/fcomm.2023.1253817
Reed Blaylock, Ramida Phoolsombat, Kaila Mullady
Beatrhyming is a type of multi-vocalism in which an individual beatboxes and speaks (i.e., sings or raps) at the same time by interweaving beatboxing sounds and speech sounds within words and phrases. The measurements in this case study of a beatrhyming performance focus on one-to-one sound “replacements” in which a beatboxing sound is integrated into a word by taking the place of a speech sound. The analysis unfolds in two parts: first, a count of how many times beatboxing sounds used in place of speech sounds matched the intended speech sounds for vocal tract constrictor and constriction degree; and second, an assessment of whether the beatboxing sound patterns in beatrhyming (beatboxing with simultaneous lyrics) have the same degree of rhythmic structure as the beatboxing sound patterns in beatboxing (without lyrics). Despite having disparate aims, the separate speech and beatboxing systems work together to create a well-organized combined behavior. Speech tasks (i.e., communicating the linguistic message of the lyrics) are achieved in beatrhyming by replacing some speech sounds with beatboxing sounds that match the speech segment in vocal tract constrictor and in manner/constriction degree. Beatboxing tasks (i.e., establishing a musical rhythm) are achieved through the inviolable use of Outward K Snares {K} on the backbeat. Achieving both of these aims in the same performance requires flexibility and compromise between the speech and beatboxing systems. In addition to providing the first scientific description and analysis of beatrhyming, this article shows how beatrhyming offers new insight for phonological theories built to describe spoken language.
beatrhyming是一种多声部发声法，即一个人通过在单词和短语中交织beatboxing音和语言音，同时进行beatboxing和说话（即唱歌或说唱）。本案例研究对beatrhyming表演的测量主要集中在一对一的声音 "替换 "上，在这种情况下，beatboxing的声音通过替代语言的声音而被整合到单词中。分析分两部分进行：第一，统计替代语音的搏击声在声道收缩和收缩程度上与预期语音相匹配的次数；第二，评估搏击韵律（有歌词的搏击）中的搏击声模式与搏击韵律（无歌词）中的搏击声模式是否具有相同程度的节奏结构。尽管目标不同，但独立的语音系统和打拍子系统却能共同创造出组织良好的组合行为。语音任务（即传达歌词中的语言信息）是通过在声道收缩和方式/收缩程度上与语音片段相匹配的搏击音来实现的。打拍子的任务（即建立音乐节奏）是通过在反拍上不可侵犯地使用外向 K 音{K}来实现的。要在同一场演出中同时实现这两个目标，就需要在语音系统和节拍系统之间灵活折衷。除了首次对打拍子进行科学描述和分析外，本文还展示了打拍子如何为描述口语的语音学理论提供新的见解。
{"title":"Speech and beatboxing cooperate and compromise in beatrhyming","authors":"Reed Blaylock, Ramida Phoolsombat, Kaila Mullady","doi":"10.3389/fcomm.2023.1253817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2023.1253817","url":null,"abstract":"Beatrhyming is a type of multi-vocalism in which an individual beatboxes and speaks (i.e., sings or raps) at the same time by interweaving beatboxing sounds and speech sounds within words and phrases. The measurements in this case study of a beatrhyming performance focus on one-to-one sound “replacements” in which a beatboxing sound is integrated into a word by taking the place of a speech sound. The analysis unfolds in two parts: first, a count of how many times beatboxing sounds used in place of speech sounds matched the intended speech sounds for vocal tract constrictor and constriction degree; and second, an assessment of whether the beatboxing sound patterns in beatrhyming (beatboxing with simultaneous lyrics) have the same degree of rhythmic structure as the beatboxing sound patterns in beatboxing (without lyrics). Despite having disparate aims, the separate speech and beatboxing systems work together to create a well-organized combined behavior. Speech tasks (i.e., communicating the linguistic message of the lyrics) are achieved in beatrhyming by replacing some speech sounds with beatboxing sounds that match the speech segment in vocal tract constrictor and in manner/constriction degree. Beatboxing tasks (i.e., establishing a musical rhythm) are achieved through the inviolable use of Outward K Snares {K} on the backbeat. Achieving both of these aims in the same performance requires flexibility and compromise between the speech and beatboxing systems. In addition to providing the first scientific description and analysis of beatrhyming, this article shows how beatrhyming offers new insight for phonological theories built to describe spoken language.","PeriodicalId":31739,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Communication","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139002561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-11DOI: 10.3389/fcomm.2023.1288614
Kai Hung Liao
This study aims to explore users' perceived beliefs of the decentralized alternative social media (ASM), selecting one of Mastodon instances, Liker. social, as the unique case of exploratory investigation. The study employs the online exploratory survey method and uses purposive sampling to identify 152 valid users actively engaged in the Liker.social. Based on the expectancy-value approach to uses and gratifications theory, the study identifies two factors within users' subjective perceived beliefs: informative decentralized benefits and descriptive centralized benefits. The study also finds that the “Writing messages” is the most important functionality evaluated by users but gets fewer level of gratifications obtained, representing that there is still room for improvement. Additionally, the study presents four types of users based on their combined perceived beliefs: (1) All-benefit Rejectors, (2) All-benefit Obtainers, (3) Former-benefit Conservatives, and (4) Newer-benefit Seekers. Users (2) and (4) stressed more value on overall functionality and obtained more gratifications than users (1) and (3), so users (2) and (4) are the same statistically, having greater evaluations of importance and gratifications obtained for Liker.social than that of users (1) and (3). It signifies that the different users held varying beliefs about the benefits brought by the decentralized ASM. It was concluded that the casual relationship is valid: users' evaluations of importance, informative decentralized benefits combined with descriptive centralized benefits eventually affect the level of users' gratifications obtained on the decentralized ASM. Therefore, further research is needed to pay greater attention to users' feedback and experiences on the decentralized ASM.
{"title":"Exploring user perceived beliefs, evaluations, and gratifications in ASM: applying expectancy-value approach for U&G theory on Mastodon instance Liker.social","authors":"Kai Hung Liao","doi":"10.3389/fcomm.2023.1288614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2023.1288614","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to explore users' perceived beliefs of the decentralized alternative social media (ASM), selecting one of Mastodon instances, Liker. social, as the unique case of exploratory investigation. The study employs the online exploratory survey method and uses purposive sampling to identify 152 valid users actively engaged in the Liker.social. Based on the expectancy-value approach to uses and gratifications theory, the study identifies two factors within users' subjective perceived beliefs: informative decentralized benefits and descriptive centralized benefits. The study also finds that the “Writing messages” is the most important functionality evaluated by users but gets fewer level of gratifications obtained, representing that there is still room for improvement. Additionally, the study presents four types of users based on their combined perceived beliefs: (1) All-benefit Rejectors, (2) All-benefit Obtainers, (3) Former-benefit Conservatives, and (4) Newer-benefit Seekers. Users (2) and (4) stressed more value on overall functionality and obtained more gratifications than users (1) and (3), so users (2) and (4) are the same statistically, having greater evaluations of importance and gratifications obtained for Liker.social than that of users (1) and (3). It signifies that the different users held varying beliefs about the benefits brought by the decentralized ASM. It was concluded that the casual relationship is valid: users' evaluations of importance, informative decentralized benefits combined with descriptive centralized benefits eventually affect the level of users' gratifications obtained on the decentralized ASM. Therefore, further research is needed to pay greater attention to users' feedback and experiences on the decentralized ASM.","PeriodicalId":31739,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Communication","volume":"204 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139010205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-11DOI: 10.3389/fcomm.2023.1307547
Jakub Gwizdzinski, Santiago Barreda, Christopher Carignan, Georgia Zellou
Nasal coarticulation is when the lowering of the velum for a nasal consonant co-occurs with the production of an adjacent vowel, causing the vowel to become (at least partially) nasalized. In the case of anticipatory nasal coarticulation, enhanced coarticulatory magnitude on the vowel facilitates the identification of an upcoming nasal coda consonant. However, nasalization also affects the acoustic properties of the vowel, including formant frequencies. Thus, while anticipatory nasalization may help facilitate perception of a nasal coda consonant, it may at the same time cause difficulty in the correct identification of preceding vowels. Prior work suggests that the temporal degree of nasal coarticulation is greater in American English (US) than British English (UK), yet the perceptual consequences of these differences have not been explored. The current study investigates perceptual confusions for oral and nasalized vowels in US and UK TTS voices by US and UK listeners. We use TTS voices, in particular, to explore these perceptual consequences during human-computer interaction, which is increasing due to the rise of speech-enabled devices. Listeners heard words with oral and nasal codas produced by US and UK voices, masked with noise, and made lexical identifications from a set of options varying in vowel and coda contrasts. We find the strongest effect of speaker dialect on accurate word selection: overall accuracy is highest for UK Oral Coda words (83%) and lower for US Oral Coda words (67%); the lowest accuracy was for words with Nasal Codas in both dialects (UK Nasal = 61%; US Nasal = 60%). Error patterns differed across dialects: both listener groups made more errors in identifying nasal codas in words produced in UK English than those produced in US English. Yet, the rate of errors in identifying the quality of nasalized vowels was similarly lower than that of oral vowels across both varieties. We discuss the implications of these results for cross-dialectal coarticulatory variation, human-computer interaction, and perceptually driven sound change.
{"title":"Perceptual identification of oral and nasalized vowels across American English and British English listeners and TTS voices","authors":"Jakub Gwizdzinski, Santiago Barreda, Christopher Carignan, Georgia Zellou","doi":"10.3389/fcomm.2023.1307547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2023.1307547","url":null,"abstract":"Nasal coarticulation is when the lowering of the velum for a nasal consonant co-occurs with the production of an adjacent vowel, causing the vowel to become (at least partially) nasalized. In the case of anticipatory nasal coarticulation, enhanced coarticulatory magnitude on the vowel facilitates the identification of an upcoming nasal coda consonant. However, nasalization also affects the acoustic properties of the vowel, including formant frequencies. Thus, while anticipatory nasalization may help facilitate perception of a nasal coda consonant, it may at the same time cause difficulty in the correct identification of preceding vowels. Prior work suggests that the temporal degree of nasal coarticulation is greater in American English (US) than British English (UK), yet the perceptual consequences of these differences have not been explored. The current study investigates perceptual confusions for oral and nasalized vowels in US and UK TTS voices by US and UK listeners. We use TTS voices, in particular, to explore these perceptual consequences during human-computer interaction, which is increasing due to the rise of speech-enabled devices. Listeners heard words with oral and nasal codas produced by US and UK voices, masked with noise, and made lexical identifications from a set of options varying in vowel and coda contrasts. We find the strongest effect of speaker dialect on accurate word selection: overall accuracy is highest for UK Oral Coda words (83%) and lower for US Oral Coda words (67%); the lowest accuracy was for words with Nasal Codas in both dialects (UK Nasal = 61%; US Nasal = 60%). Error patterns differed across dialects: both listener groups made more errors in identifying nasal codas in words produced in UK English than those produced in US English. Yet, the rate of errors in identifying the quality of nasalized vowels was similarly lower than that of oral vowels across both varieties. We discuss the implications of these results for cross-dialectal coarticulatory variation, human-computer interaction, and perceptually driven sound change.","PeriodicalId":31739,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Communication","volume":"81 3‐4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138979402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-11DOI: 10.3389/fcomm.2023.1274098
Jamie Guillory, Sarah Trigger, Ashley Ross, Stephanie Lane, Annice Kim, James Nonnemaker, Sherry T. Liu, Kimberly Snyder, Janine Delahanty
In February 2020, FDA prioritized enforcement of flavored (other than tobacco- or menthol-flavored) cartridge-based electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) without premarket authorization. To explore potential marketing changes, we conducted a content analysis of brands' social media posts, comparing devices and flavors before/after the policy.We sampled up to three posts before (November 6, 2019–February 5, 2020) and after the policy (February 6–May 6, 2020) from brands' Instagram (n = 33) and Twitter (n = 30) accounts (N = 302 posts). Two analysts coded posts for device type and flavor. We summarized coded frequencies by device, flavor, and device-flavor combination, and by platform.In posts mentioning devices and flavors, those featuring flavored (other than tobacco- or menthol-flavored) cartridge-based devices (before: 2.5%; after: 0%) or tobacco- or menthol-flavored cartridge-based devices (before: 0%; after: 2.8%) were uncommon while any flavor disposables were most common (before: 10.8%; after: 14.6%) particularly after the policy. Half of posts featured devices without flavor (before: 50.0%; after: 50.0%) and one-fifth had no device or flavor references (before: 21.5%; after: 18.8%).In the months before and after the policy, it appears ENDS brands were not using social media to market flavored (excluding tobacco- or menthol-flavored) cartridge-based ENDS (i.e., explicitly prioritized) or tobacco- or menthol-flavored cartridge-based devices (i.e., explicitly not prioritized). Brands were largely not advertising specific flavored products, but rather devices without mentioning flavor (e.g., open/refillable, disposable devices). We presented a snapshot of what consumers saw on social media around the time of the policy, which is important to understanding strategies to reach consumers in an evolving ENDS landscape.
{"title":"Changes in industry marketing of electronic nicotine delivery systems on social media following FDA's prioritized enforcement policy: a content analysis of Instagram and Twitter posts","authors":"Jamie Guillory, Sarah Trigger, Ashley Ross, Stephanie Lane, Annice Kim, James Nonnemaker, Sherry T. Liu, Kimberly Snyder, Janine Delahanty","doi":"10.3389/fcomm.2023.1274098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2023.1274098","url":null,"abstract":"In February 2020, FDA prioritized enforcement of flavored (other than tobacco- or menthol-flavored) cartridge-based electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) without premarket authorization. To explore potential marketing changes, we conducted a content analysis of brands' social media posts, comparing devices and flavors before/after the policy.We sampled up to three posts before (November 6, 2019–February 5, 2020) and after the policy (February 6–May 6, 2020) from brands' Instagram (n = 33) and Twitter (n = 30) accounts (N = 302 posts). Two analysts coded posts for device type and flavor. We summarized coded frequencies by device, flavor, and device-flavor combination, and by platform.In posts mentioning devices and flavors, those featuring flavored (other than tobacco- or menthol-flavored) cartridge-based devices (before: 2.5%; after: 0%) or tobacco- or menthol-flavored cartridge-based devices (before: 0%; after: 2.8%) were uncommon while any flavor disposables were most common (before: 10.8%; after: 14.6%) particularly after the policy. Half of posts featured devices without flavor (before: 50.0%; after: 50.0%) and one-fifth had no device or flavor references (before: 21.5%; after: 18.8%).In the months before and after the policy, it appears ENDS brands were not using social media to market flavored (excluding tobacco- or menthol-flavored) cartridge-based ENDS (i.e., explicitly prioritized) or tobacco- or menthol-flavored cartridge-based devices (i.e., explicitly not prioritized). Brands were largely not advertising specific flavored products, but rather devices without mentioning flavor (e.g., open/refillable, disposable devices). We presented a snapshot of what consumers saw on social media around the time of the policy, which is important to understanding strategies to reach consumers in an evolving ENDS landscape.","PeriodicalId":31739,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Communication","volume":"181 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138981440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.3389/fcomm.2023.1245786
Chelsea L. Ratcliff, Blue Harvill, Rebekah Wicke
Although uncertainty is inherent in science, public audiences vary in their openness to information about preliminary discoveries and the caveats and limitations of research. These preferences shape responses to science communication, and science communicators often adapt messaging based on assumed preferences. However, there has not been a validated instrument for examining these preferences. Here, we present an instrument to capture preferences for information about uncertainty in science, validated with a large U.S. adult sample. Factor analysis results show that preferring certain scientific information and preferring uncertain scientific information are orthogonal constructs requiring separate measures. The final Preference for Information about Uncertain Science (or “PIUS-11”) scale comprises two dimensions: preferring complete information (i.e., caveats, limitations, and hedging included) and being open to learning about preliminary science. The final Preference for Certain Science Information (or “PCSI-9”) scale comprises two dimensions: preferring streamlined information (i.e., caveats, limitations, and hedging removed) and preferring to learn only about established science. We present psychometric properties of each scale and report observed relationships between each set of preferences and an individual's scientific understanding, trust in science, need for cognitive closure, and sociodemographic factors.
{"title":"Understanding public preferences for learning about uncertain science: measurement and individual difference correlates","authors":"Chelsea L. Ratcliff, Blue Harvill, Rebekah Wicke","doi":"10.3389/fcomm.2023.1245786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2023.1245786","url":null,"abstract":"Although uncertainty is inherent in science, public audiences vary in their openness to information about preliminary discoveries and the caveats and limitations of research. These preferences shape responses to science communication, and science communicators often adapt messaging based on assumed preferences. However, there has not been a validated instrument for examining these preferences. Here, we present an instrument to capture preferences for information about uncertainty in science, validated with a large U.S. adult sample. Factor analysis results show that preferring certain scientific information and preferring uncertain scientific information are orthogonal constructs requiring separate measures. The final Preference for Information about Uncertain Science (or “PIUS-11”) scale comprises two dimensions: preferring complete information (i.e., caveats, limitations, and hedging included) and being open to learning about preliminary science. The final Preference for Certain Science Information (or “PCSI-9”) scale comprises two dimensions: preferring streamlined information (i.e., caveats, limitations, and hedging removed) and preferring to learn only about established science. We present psychometric properties of each scale and report observed relationships between each set of preferences and an individual's scientific understanding, trust in science, need for cognitive closure, and sociodemographic factors.","PeriodicalId":31739,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Communication","volume":"53 51","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138588078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.3389/fcomm.2023.1163431
Dag Haug, N. Pedrazzini
In this paper, we explore the semantic map of the English temporal connective when and its parallels in more than 1,000 languages drawn from a parallel corpus of New Testament translations. We show that there is robust evidence for a cross-linguistic distinction between universal and existentialWHEN. We also see tentative evidence that innovation in this area involves recruiting new items for universal WHEN which gradually can take over the existential usage. Another possible distinction that we see is between serialized events, which tend to be expressed with non-lexified constructions and framing/backgrounding constructions, which favor an explicit subordinator.
{"title":"The semantic map of when and its typological parallels","authors":"Dag Haug, N. Pedrazzini","doi":"10.3389/fcomm.2023.1163431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2023.1163431","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we explore the semantic map of the English temporal connective when and its parallels in more than 1,000 languages drawn from a parallel corpus of New Testament translations. We show that there is robust evidence for a cross-linguistic distinction between universal and existentialWHEN. We also see tentative evidence that innovation in this area involves recruiting new items for universal WHEN which gradually can take over the existential usage. Another possible distinction that we see is between serialized events, which tend to be expressed with non-lexified constructions and framing/backgrounding constructions, which favor an explicit subordinator.","PeriodicalId":31739,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Communication","volume":"35 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138588978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-06DOI: 10.3389/fcomm.2023.1221149
Julia Büttner-Kunert, Julia Royko, Katharina Resch, Nathalie Heider, Zofia Falkowska
Individuals with chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI) are often affected by communication disorders which might have an impact on their social participation. Due to possible cognitive and communicative disabilities, as well as impairments of social cognitive skills, individuals with TBI have been observed to exhibit difficulties in maintaining and establishing social relationships, resulting in a greater risk of social isolation. This applies to both in-person as well as computer-mediated communication (CMC), which is considered an integral part of everyday life. Research on digital participation in the TBI population has focused on the possible challenges and barriers, but also on the benefits of CMC for social interactions. Guidelines from professional societies recommend questionnaires and checklists for assessing restrictions of communicative participation (e.g., ASHA, INCOG). However, there is no overview of whether the available instruments can capture digital aspects of participation or social media use in TBI.In this scoping review, following the PRISMA criteria, we aimed to provide an overview over currently available instruments that help assess CMC use as a measure of digital participation in the TBI population.The databases Web of Science Core Collection, Ovid, PsycInfo and Psyndex were screened for publications between the years 2013 and 2023 with relevant search terms referring to social participation, assessment tools, CMC and the target group, in order to find suitable tools to assess digital participation in individuals with TBI. In a multistage selection process following the PRISMA criteria, the instruments found were examined in terms of items that assess digital participation. The outcome of the review is an overview of the status quo of potentially available instruments that capture aspects of CMC.Following a screening on title/abstract and full-text level, a total of 10 studies could be identified that present assessment tools that evaluate CMC use as a measure of digital participation in the TBI population. Said studies were analyzed and compared in terms of content according to the selected parameters.Digital participation is an important aspect of everyday lives for individuals with TBI. Therefore, CMC should be an integral part of rehabilitation. The existing appropriate questionnaires uncovered in the current study should therefore be applied routinely to detect impairments in CMC and digital participation. Overall, however, there is still a great need for research in the field of CMC, both regarding methods for measuring digital participation disorders as well as resources.https://www.germanistik.uni-muenchen.de/forschung/proj_gl/review_participation_tbi.pdf.
慢性创伤性脑损伤(TBI)患者往往受到沟通障碍的影响，这可能会影响他们的社会参与。由于可能存在认知和交流障碍，以及社会认知技能受损，据观察，创伤性脑损伤患者在维持和建立社会关系方面表现出困难，从而导致更大的社会孤立风险。这既适用于面对面的交流，也适用于计算机媒介的交流(CMC)，这被认为是日常生活中不可或缺的一部分。对TBI人群数字参与的研究主要集中在可能的挑战和障碍上，但也集中在CMC对社会互动的好处上。专业协会的指南建议使用问卷和检查表来评估交流参与的限制(例如，ASHA, INCOG)。然而，对于可用的工具是否能够捕捉TBI中参与或社交媒体使用的数字方面，并没有概述。在本次范围审查中，我们遵循PRISMA标准，旨在概述当前可用的工具，这些工具有助于评估CMC的使用情况，以衡量TBI人群的数字参与情况。在Web of Science Core Collection、Ovid、PsycInfo和Psyndex数据库中筛选2013年至2023年间的出版物，检索词包括社会参与、评估工具、CMC和目标群体，以找到合适的工具来评估TBI个体的数字参与。在遵循PRISMA标准的多阶段选择过程中，根据评估数字参与的项目对所发现的工具进行了检查。审查的结果是对捕获CMC各方面的潜在可用工具的现状进行概述。在对标题/摘要和全文进行筛选后，总共可以确定10项研究，这些研究提供了评估CMC使用情况的评估工具，以衡量TBI人群的数字参与情况。根据所选参数对所述研究的内容进行分析和比较。数字参与是TBI患者日常生活的一个重要方面。因此，CMC应该是康复的一个组成部分。因此，当前研究中发现的现有适当的问卷应常规应用于检测CMC和数字参与的损害。然而，总体而言，CMC领域仍有很大的研究需求，无论是测量数字参与障碍的方法还是资源。https://www.germanistik.uni-muenchen.de/forschung/proj_gl/review_participation_tbi.pdf。
{"title":"Digital participation in traumatic brain injury: scoping review about assessment tools for computer-mediated communication","authors":"Julia Büttner-Kunert, Julia Royko, Katharina Resch, Nathalie Heider, Zofia Falkowska","doi":"10.3389/fcomm.2023.1221149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2023.1221149","url":null,"abstract":"Individuals with chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI) are often affected by communication disorders which might have an impact on their social participation. Due to possible cognitive and communicative disabilities, as well as impairments of social cognitive skills, individuals with TBI have been observed to exhibit difficulties in maintaining and establishing social relationships, resulting in a greater risk of social isolation. This applies to both in-person as well as computer-mediated communication (CMC), which is considered an integral part of everyday life. Research on digital participation in the TBI population has focused on the possible challenges and barriers, but also on the benefits of CMC for social interactions. Guidelines from professional societies recommend questionnaires and checklists for assessing restrictions of communicative participation (e.g., ASHA, INCOG). However, there is no overview of whether the available instruments can capture digital aspects of participation or social media use in TBI.In this scoping review, following the PRISMA criteria, we aimed to provide an overview over currently available instruments that help assess CMC use as a measure of digital participation in the TBI population.The databases Web of Science Core Collection, Ovid, PsycInfo and Psyndex were screened for publications between the years 2013 and 2023 with relevant search terms referring to social participation, assessment tools, CMC and the target group, in order to find suitable tools to assess digital participation in individuals with TBI. In a multistage selection process following the PRISMA criteria, the instruments found were examined in terms of items that assess digital participation. The outcome of the review is an overview of the status quo of potentially available instruments that capture aspects of CMC.Following a screening on title/abstract and full-text level, a total of 10 studies could be identified that present assessment tools that evaluate CMC use as a measure of digital participation in the TBI population. Said studies were analyzed and compared in terms of content according to the selected parameters.Digital participation is an important aspect of everyday lives for individuals with TBI. Therefore, CMC should be an integral part of rehabilitation. The existing appropriate questionnaires uncovered in the current study should therefore be applied routinely to detect impairments in CMC and digital participation. Overall, however, there is still a great need for research in the field of CMC, both regarding methods for measuring digital participation disorders as well as resources.https://www.germanistik.uni-muenchen.de/forschung/proj_gl/review_participation_tbi.pdf.","PeriodicalId":31739,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Communication","volume":"76 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138595833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-06DOI: 10.3389/fcomm.2023.1231304
Anne-Maren Karlberg, Melanie Magin
In spring 2020, shortly after the outbreak of the Coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19), Norway introduced the digital contract tracing app “Smittestopp” (“Stop infection”) as a measure to combat the pandemic. The launch was accompanied by scientific uncertainties about the technology: the app had been developed at lightning speed and hardly been tested, and its effects were unclear. It did not become a success, was strongly underused and soon had to be discontinued due to privacy issues. Our study starts from the assumption that in this situation of uncertainty about the technology, combined with and resulting from a lack of user experience, the app's public portrayal was a decisive factor for this outcome. We investigate the framing of “Smittestopp” in press releases by Norwegian public authorities and in news articles. By means of a qualitative content analysis, we identify 11 frames and uncover the opposition between health considerations and privacy concerns as central conflict line. In their press releases, the public authorities did not use frames very strategically. The news media provided diverse frames but at the same time focused relatively strongly on privacy issues that ultimately led to the app's discontinuation.
{"title":"Health vs. privacy. How Norwegian public authorities and news media framed the newly developed digital contact tracing app “Smittestopp” under the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Anne-Maren Karlberg, Melanie Magin","doi":"10.3389/fcomm.2023.1231304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2023.1231304","url":null,"abstract":"In spring 2020, shortly after the outbreak of the Coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19), Norway introduced the digital contract tracing app “Smittestopp” (“Stop infection”) as a measure to combat the pandemic. The launch was accompanied by scientific uncertainties about the technology: the app had been developed at lightning speed and hardly been tested, and its effects were unclear. It did not become a success, was strongly underused and soon had to be discontinued due to privacy issues. Our study starts from the assumption that in this situation of uncertainty about the technology, combined with and resulting from a lack of user experience, the app's public portrayal was a decisive factor for this outcome. We investigate the framing of “Smittestopp” in press releases by Norwegian public authorities and in news articles. By means of a qualitative content analysis, we identify 11 frames and uncover the opposition between health considerations and privacy concerns as central conflict line. In their press releases, the public authorities did not use frames very strategically. The news media provided diverse frames but at the same time focused relatively strongly on privacy issues that ultimately led to the app's discontinuation.","PeriodicalId":31739,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Communication","volume":"19 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138594506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-05DOI: 10.3389/fcomm.2023.1196744
Kin-Sun Chan, Jing Xu, Rui Zhang, Patrick Cheong-Iao Pang, Yu Chen, Heng Zhang, Shiyu Liu, Aimei Mao, Guanwen Pu, Johnny Ka fai Au
Macao has been certified as a “Healthy City” by the World Health Organization, and has been adhering to the principle of combining prevention with proper medical care to build its medical system. As tobacco epidemic is a risk factor leading to a series of non-communicable diseases, the Macao SAR Government has continuously improved tobacco control measures.The data for this study were derived from a news report on “e-cigarettes” published in Macao Daily. Co-word analysis and thematic analysis were conducted to analyze the development of tobacco control legislation against e-cigarettes. Co-word analysis examined the association and frequency of keywords, while thematic analysis identified prevalent themes within the data.The study identified three stages of legislation against e-cigarettes: the pre-implementation stage, the early implementation stage, and the epidemic period. Each stage exhibited distinct characteristics and attention toward specific groups, particularly “teenagers” and “students,” increased significantly. Thematic analysis further highlighted the potential issues of drug use and smuggling associated with e-cigarettes.The findings suggest that the Macao SAR Government should prioritize the development of healthy behaviors among adolescents in the context of e-cigarette control. Additionally, considering regional cooperation to promote the “Healthy Bay Area” could be beneficial. Social media platforms and effective data management should be utilized as tools in these efforts.
{"title":"The impacts of tobacco control legislation on public view of e-cigarette usage in Macao—The co-word analysis of Macao daily","authors":"Kin-Sun Chan, Jing Xu, Rui Zhang, Patrick Cheong-Iao Pang, Yu Chen, Heng Zhang, Shiyu Liu, Aimei Mao, Guanwen Pu, Johnny Ka fai Au","doi":"10.3389/fcomm.2023.1196744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2023.1196744","url":null,"abstract":"Macao has been certified as a “Healthy City” by the World Health Organization, and has been adhering to the principle of combining prevention with proper medical care to build its medical system. As tobacco epidemic is a risk factor leading to a series of non-communicable diseases, the Macao SAR Government has continuously improved tobacco control measures.The data for this study were derived from a news report on “e-cigarettes” published in Macao Daily. Co-word analysis and thematic analysis were conducted to analyze the development of tobacco control legislation against e-cigarettes. Co-word analysis examined the association and frequency of keywords, while thematic analysis identified prevalent themes within the data.The study identified three stages of legislation against e-cigarettes: the pre-implementation stage, the early implementation stage, and the epidemic period. Each stage exhibited distinct characteristics and attention toward specific groups, particularly “teenagers” and “students,” increased significantly. Thematic analysis further highlighted the potential issues of drug use and smuggling associated with e-cigarettes.The findings suggest that the Macao SAR Government should prioritize the development of healthy behaviors among adolescents in the context of e-cigarette control. Additionally, considering regional cooperation to promote the “Healthy Bay Area” could be beneficial. Social media platforms and effective data management should be utilized as tools in these efforts.","PeriodicalId":31739,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Communication","volume":"128 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138599069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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