Genetic and behavioral effects of both quinine and monosodium glutamate were studied on a natural population of Drosophila melanogaster from Tanta, Egypt. The main aim of this study was to determine the long-term effects (toxicity) and short-term effects (choice) of quinine (QUI) and monosodium glutamate (MSG) on D. melanogaster. Two concentrations of quinine) 0.2, 2.0 g/l) were used, and two concentrations of monosodium glutamate (10, 22 g/l). Regarding long-term effects (toxicity) the genetic load was measured to be 1.23 and 1.43 for lower and higher of quinine concentrations, and 0.49 and 0.94 for monosodium glutamate concentrations, respectively. Cytological study revealed that there were different types of selection regarding the inversions 2L(Cy), 2R(NS), 3L(P), 3R(Mo) and 3R(C). Inversion 2R(NS) was eliminated from the basic population after treatment with quinine and monosodium glutamate concentrations in fifth and tenth generations. Regarding short-term effects, this study used quinine as a case of a substance which humans report as “tasting bitter" and monosodium glutamate as "tasting umami". The doseeffect- behavioral functions (choice) for quinine and monosodium glutamate concentrations were showed. The influence of quinine on the preference was different in larva compared to pupa, while in monosodium glutamate case; there was no difference between larva and pupa. The study focused on the genetics and behavioral effects the results showed correlation between toxicity and briefaccess tests of bitter and umami tastants. The results lay a foundation for genetic and behavior effects in genetic model organism. Increasing the concentration of quinine and monosodium glutamate increasingly the harmful effect on insects, larvae and pupae Drosophila, also represented in influencing the chromosomes (inversions of chromosomes) as well as behavior change as the results showed.
{"title":"GENETIC AND BEHAVIORAL INFLUENCES OF QUININE AND MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE ON Drosophila melanogaster","authors":"A. El-keredy","doi":"10.21608/EJGC.2014.9928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/EJGC.2014.9928","url":null,"abstract":"Genetic and behavioral effects of both quinine and monosodium glutamate were studied on a natural population of Drosophila melanogaster from Tanta, Egypt. The main aim of this study was to determine the long-term effects (toxicity) and short-term effects (choice) of quinine (QUI) and monosodium glutamate (MSG) on D. melanogaster. Two concentrations of quinine) 0.2, 2.0 g/l) were used, and two concentrations of monosodium glutamate (10, 22 g/l). Regarding long-term effects (toxicity) the genetic load was measured to be 1.23 and 1.43 for lower and higher of quinine concentrations, and 0.49 and 0.94 for monosodium glutamate concentrations, respectively. Cytological study revealed that there were different types of selection regarding the inversions 2L(Cy), 2R(NS), 3L(P), 3R(Mo) and 3R(C). Inversion 2R(NS) was eliminated from the basic population after treatment with quinine and monosodium glutamate concentrations in fifth and tenth generations. Regarding short-term effects, this study used quinine as a case of a substance which humans report as “tasting bitter\" and monosodium glutamate as \"tasting umami\". The doseeffect- behavioral functions (choice) for quinine and monosodium glutamate concentrations were showed. The influence of quinine on the preference was different in larva compared to pupa, while in monosodium glutamate case; there was no difference between larva and pupa. The study focused on the genetics and behavioral effects the results showed correlation between toxicity and briefaccess tests of bitter and umami tastants. The results lay a foundation for genetic and behavior effects in genetic model organism. Increasing the concentration of quinine and monosodium glutamate increasingly the harmful effect on insects, larvae and pupae Drosophila, also represented in influencing the chromosomes (inversions of chromosomes) as well as behavior change as the results showed.","PeriodicalId":31811,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Genetics and Cytology","volume":"43 1","pages":"377-391"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68479269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Insect infestation of sugar beet is one of the most important problems in sugar beet fields at Delta, Egypt. Plant defense against insects represents the most successful element in integrated pest management (IPM). So, the behavior of insect attack, biochemical and molecular analysis were utilized to study protein, peroxidase and esterase isozymes banding patterns under insect attacks to sugar beet varieties. In addition, protein electrophoresis, genomic DNA (ISSR technique) and RAPD-PCR were used to find molecular markers associated with insect attack tolerance in sugar beet plants. These studies were carried out during 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 seasons on two sugar beet varieties (Pyramids and Zinagri). The insect attack behavior study showed that Pyramids variety is resistant to Cassida vittata and Zinagri variety is susceptible to Cassida vittata. From biochemical and genetic studies some peroxidase and esterase enzymes markers were found in the resistant variety. Presence of bands number 3 for peroxidase and number 5 for esterase can be considered as a marker associated with plant defense to Cassida vittata. Also, the bands with Mw 127 and 17.5 KDa can be considered as negative markers associated with plant defense to Cassida vittata, the band with Mw 80 KDa can be considered as a positive marker associated with plant defense to Cassida vittata. A high level of DNA polymorphism was detected by ISSR and RAPD-PCR techniques for the two sugar beet varieties showing some positive and negative markers associated with plant tolerance to insect attack.
{"title":"MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS ASSOCIATED WITH TOLERANCE TO Cassida vittata VILL (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) INFESTATIONS IN SUGAR BEET","authors":"A. Fayed, B. A. El-Magd, K. Bazazo, R. Mashaal","doi":"10.21608/EJGC.2014.9929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/EJGC.2014.9929","url":null,"abstract":"Insect infestation of sugar beet is one of the most important problems in sugar beet fields at Delta, Egypt. Plant defense against insects represents the most successful element in integrated pest management (IPM). So, the behavior of insect attack, biochemical and molecular analysis were utilized to study protein, peroxidase and esterase isozymes banding patterns under insect attacks to sugar beet varieties. In addition, protein electrophoresis, genomic DNA (ISSR technique) and RAPD-PCR were used to find molecular markers associated with insect attack tolerance in sugar beet plants. These studies were carried out during 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 seasons on two sugar beet varieties (Pyramids and Zinagri). The insect attack behavior study showed that Pyramids variety is resistant to Cassida vittata and Zinagri variety is susceptible to Cassida vittata. From biochemical and genetic studies some peroxidase and esterase enzymes markers were found in the resistant variety. Presence of bands number 3 for peroxidase and number 5 for esterase can be considered as a marker associated with plant defense to Cassida vittata. Also, the bands with Mw 127 and 17.5 KDa can be considered as negative markers associated with plant defense to Cassida vittata, the band with Mw 80 KDa can be considered as a positive marker associated with plant defense to Cassida vittata. A high level of DNA polymorphism was detected by ISSR and RAPD-PCR techniques for the two sugar beet varieties showing some positive and negative markers associated with plant tolerance to insect attack.","PeriodicalId":31811,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Genetics and Cytology","volume":"43 1","pages":"393-406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68479308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. A. Eissa, G. Farahat, B. Mahmoud, E. A. El-Full
The main objectives of this investigation were to characterize the possible genetic and productive traits differences associated with the selected line of long shank length after six generations of selections in Japanese quail compared to the control line. Productive traits and DNA markers were used to identify these lines. Line significantly affected BW and SL at 14, 21, 28 and 35 days and age at first egg favoring the selected line. Females had higher insignificant (P > 0.05) BW and SL than males at all studied ages except for one day old of age. Selected line matured at earlier (P≤0.05) age and had shorter (P≤0.05) days needed to produce the first 10 eggs than the control line. The selected line laid higher first egg weight, EW10 and EM10 than the control line with insignificant differences between them. From the present results, it can be concluded that selected long shank length line had favored growth traits and studied egg production related traits. The level of polymorphism among two Japanese quail lines was estimated using two PCR-based DNA marker techniques RAPD and ISSR. Each line represented by three females and two males. Six RAPD and 6 ISSR primers were employed to find out genetic variations and relationships among these genotypes. RAPD and ISSR analysis generated a total number of 456 and 470 amplicons representing a level of polymorphism of 48.333% and 46.552%, and an average number of polymorphic fragments/primer of 4.833 and 4.5, respectively. The genetic relationships among the 10 individuals of quail were estimated in terms of similarity using Dice coefficients. The genetic similarity ranged from 0-1 for RAPD, ISSR, and RAPD and ISSR combination. The interline relationships among the two quail lines based on RAPD, ISSR, and RAPD and ISSR combination revealed the highest genetic similarity between female of the control line and female of the selected line, male control and male selected line, and male control and female selected line, respectively. The interline relationships among the two quail lines based on RAPD, ISSR and RAPD and ISSR combination revealed the lowest genetic similarity between male and female control line and male and male control line, female control and male selected line, and male and female control line, respectively. The RAPD based dendrogram clustered the selected long shank length females and male genotypes in the same group while, selected female, selected male and control females and males were in separate clusters. The ISSR based dendrogram clustered the control males in the same group while, control females and selected females and males were delimited in separate one cluster. The RAPD and ISSR combination based dendrogram clustered the selected females and males in the same group, and selected male and control females and males in separate clusters. However, the reshuffling in the position of the selected long shank length and control genotypes belonging to the individuals in the different dendr
{"title":"PRODUCTIVE TRAITS AND MOLECULAR GENETICS CHARAC-TERIZATION (RAPD AND ISSR) OF SELECTED LONG SHANK LENGTH AND CONTROL LINES IN THE 6th GENERATION OF JAPANESE QUAIL","authors":"E. A. Eissa, G. Farahat, B. Mahmoud, E. A. El-Full","doi":"10.21608/EJGC.2014.9923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/EJGC.2014.9923","url":null,"abstract":"The main objectives of this investigation were to characterize the possible genetic and productive traits differences associated with the selected line of long shank length after six generations of selections in Japanese quail compared to the control line. Productive traits and DNA markers were used to identify these lines. Line significantly affected BW and SL at 14, 21, 28 and 35 days and age at first egg favoring the selected line. Females had higher insignificant (P > 0.05) BW and SL than males at all studied ages except for one day old of age. Selected line matured at earlier (P≤0.05) age and had shorter (P≤0.05) days needed to produce the first 10 eggs than the control line. The selected line laid higher first egg weight, EW10 and EM10 than the control line with insignificant differences between them. From the present results, it can be concluded that selected long shank length line had favored growth traits and studied egg production related traits. The level of polymorphism among two Japanese quail lines was estimated using two PCR-based DNA marker techniques RAPD and ISSR. Each line represented by three females and two males. Six RAPD and 6 ISSR primers were employed to find out genetic variations and relationships among these genotypes. RAPD and ISSR analysis generated a total number of 456 and 470 amplicons representing a level of polymorphism of 48.333% and 46.552%, and an average number of polymorphic fragments/primer of 4.833 and 4.5, respectively. The genetic relationships among the 10 individuals of quail were estimated in terms of similarity using Dice coefficients. The genetic similarity ranged from 0-1 for RAPD, ISSR, and RAPD and ISSR combination. The interline relationships among the two quail lines based on RAPD, ISSR, and RAPD and ISSR combination revealed the highest genetic similarity between female of the control line and female of the selected line, male control and male selected line, and male control and female selected line, respectively. The interline relationships among the two quail lines based on RAPD, ISSR and RAPD and ISSR combination revealed the lowest genetic similarity between male and female control line and male and male control line, female control and male selected line, and male and female control line, respectively. The RAPD based dendrogram clustered the selected long shank length females and male genotypes in the same group while, selected female, selected male and control females and males were in separate clusters. The ISSR based dendrogram clustered the control males in the same group while, control females and selected females and males were delimited in separate one cluster. The RAPD and ISSR combination based dendrogram clustered the selected females and males in the same group, and selected male and control females and males in separate clusters. However, the reshuffling in the position of the selected long shank length and control genotypes belonging to the individuals in the different dendr","PeriodicalId":31811,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Genetics and Cytology","volume":"37 1","pages":"301-325"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68478743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) transmitted geminiviruses cause epidemics in vegetable and fiber crops. It can infect more than 600 species of host plants. It also considered as the major vector transmitting various types of geminiviruses such as tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) which cause great damage to tomatoes crop. Previous studies have reported that the vegetative insecticidal proteins (VIPs) of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) revealed insecticidal activity against different insect species. In this study, two local isolates of B. thuringiensis named BtC-18 and BtDI-29 were screened for the insecticidal activity of VIPs against whitefly population. Analysis of median lethal concentration (LC50) revealed that B. thuringiensis strain BtC-18 is more potent and toxic than BtDI-29 strain against whiteflies with an estimated LC50 of 90 ppm and 160 ppm for BtC-18 and BtDI-29, respectively. However, the median lethal time (LT50) value did not show significant difference between both isolates. PCR analysis of vip genes confirmed the presence of vip1, vip2 and vip3 genes on BtC-18 genome. Proteins extract from the BtC-18 culture pellet were further purified by 80% saturation of ammonium sulfate precipitation. The purified protein showed a clear band at 88 KDa corresponding to Vip3A protein as previously demonstrated. The LC50 of the purified band at 88KDa showed insecticidal activity against white fly with an estimated LC50 of 898 ppm.
{"title":"BIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR STUDIES ON THE TOXIC EF-FECT OF VEGETATIVE INSECTICIDAL PROTEIN (VIPs) OF Ba-cillus thuringiensis EGYPTIAN ISOLATES AGAINST WHITEFLIES","authors":"L. El-Gaied, H. El-Sheshtawy, W. Elmenofy","doi":"10.21608/ejgc.2014.9924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejgc.2014.9924","url":null,"abstract":"Whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) transmitted geminiviruses cause epidemics in vegetable and fiber crops. It can infect more than 600 species of host plants. It also considered as the major vector transmitting various types of geminiviruses such as tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) which cause great damage to tomatoes crop. Previous studies have reported that the vegetative insecticidal proteins (VIPs) of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) revealed insecticidal activity against different insect species. In this study, two local isolates of B. thuringiensis named BtC-18 and BtDI-29 were screened for the insecticidal activity of VIPs against whitefly population. Analysis of median lethal concentration (LC50) revealed that B. thuringiensis strain BtC-18 is more potent and toxic than BtDI-29 strain against whiteflies with an estimated LC50 of 90 ppm and 160 ppm for BtC-18 and BtDI-29, respectively. However, the median lethal time (LT50) value did not show significant difference between both isolates. PCR analysis of vip genes confirmed the presence of vip1, vip2 and vip3 genes on BtC-18 genome. Proteins extract from the BtC-18 culture pellet were further purified by 80% saturation of ammonium sulfate precipitation. The purified protein showed a clear band at 88 KDa corresponding to Vip3A protein as previously demonstrated. The LC50 of the purified band at 88KDa showed insecticidal activity against white fly with an estimated LC50 of 898 ppm.","PeriodicalId":31811,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Genetics and Cytology","volume":"44 1","pages":"327-337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68478935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nad3 (NADH-dehydrogenase subunit 3) gene from genomic (accession no. KP171516) and cDNA (accession no. KP171517) was identified in desert plant Calotropis procera using RNA seq and DNA seq data. A number of cytosines are altered to be recognized as uridines in transcripts of the nad3 locus in mitochondria. The nucleotide modifications were found at 11 different nucleotide positions (nucleotide no. 44, 62, 80, 209, 215,230, 247, 266, 275, 317 and 349) within the nad3 coding region. Heterogeneous RNA editing in C. procera nad3 RNA was not detected in this study. These alterations in the mRNA sequence change codon identities to specify 11 amino acids. The alteration in nucleotides leads to codons alteration specifying different amino acids, the common being proline to leuciene (P-L). Other changes were serine to leucine (S-L), serine to phenylalanine (S-F), proline to serine and arginine to tryptophan (R-W). These alterations are common in mitochondrial nad3 gene of most plant species with few differences according to the properties of the amino acids involved.
{"title":"RNA EDITING IN Calotropis procera MITOCHONDRIAL NADH-DEHYDROGENASE SUBUNIT 3 GENE","authors":"A. Ramadan","doi":"10.21608/EJGC.2014.9926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/EJGC.2014.9926","url":null,"abstract":"Nad3 (NADH-dehydrogenase subunit 3) gene from genomic (accession no. KP171516) and cDNA (accession no. KP171517) was identified in desert plant Calotropis procera using RNA seq and DNA seq data. A number of cytosines are altered to be recognized as uridines in transcripts of the nad3 locus in mitochondria. The nucleotide modifications were found at 11 different nucleotide positions (nucleotide no. 44, 62, 80, 209, 215,230, 247, 266, 275, 317 and 349) within the nad3 coding region. Heterogeneous RNA editing in C. procera nad3 RNA was not detected in this study. These alterations in the mRNA sequence change codon identities to specify 11 amino acids. The alteration in nucleotides leads to codons alteration specifying different amino acids, the common being proline to leuciene (P-L). Other changes were serine to leucine (S-L), serine to phenylalanine (S-F), proline to serine and arginine to tryptophan (R-W). These alterations are common in mitochondrial nad3 gene of most plant species with few differences according to the properties of the amino acids involved.","PeriodicalId":31811,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Genetics and Cytology","volume":"43 1","pages":"353-364"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68478999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inherent divergence and parenthood of germplasm could play an important role in genetic improvement of cotton. The present investigation was conducted to assess the genetic divergence among fourteen locally cotton genotypes and six exotic genotypes using multivariate Mahalanobis D2 statistics and metroglyph analysis. The results showed highly significant differences among these genotypes for all the studied quantitative characters. The Mahalanobis D2 statistics showed that the dissimilarity coefficients were significant and highly significant, which ranged from 3.263 to 190.89, indicating highly genetic divergence for these cotton genotypes. Seed cotton yield and fiber strength were account about 83% of total genetic divergence. The metroglyph analysis grouped these genotypes into eight different clusters based on seven quantitative cotton characters. The inter-cluster D2 values ranged from 11.381 to 178.902 between these groups, while, the intra-cluster D2 values ranged from 3.263 to 47.806 within each group. On the basis of this grouping, it was concluded that hybridization between genotypes of different clusters might be expected to give new genetic recombinants for different economic characters. These informations could be utilized for hybridization between distinct genotypes to increase genetic cotton variability.
{"title":"NATURE OF GENETIC DIVERGENCE AMONG SOME COTTON GENOTYPES","authors":"A. A. El-Moghny, M. Max, R. Gibely","doi":"10.21608/EJGC.2014.9927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/EJGC.2014.9927","url":null,"abstract":"Inherent divergence and parenthood of germplasm could play an important role in genetic improvement of cotton. The present investigation was conducted to assess the genetic divergence among fourteen locally cotton genotypes and six exotic genotypes using multivariate Mahalanobis D2 statistics and metroglyph analysis. The results showed highly significant differences among these genotypes for all the studied quantitative characters. The Mahalanobis D2 statistics showed that the dissimilarity coefficients were significant and highly significant, which ranged from 3.263 to 190.89, indicating highly genetic divergence for these cotton genotypes. Seed cotton yield and fiber strength were account about 83% of total genetic divergence. The metroglyph analysis grouped these genotypes into eight different clusters based on seven quantitative cotton characters. The inter-cluster D2 values ranged from 11.381 to 178.902 between these groups, while, the intra-cluster D2 values ranged from 3.263 to 47.806 within each group. On the basis of this grouping, it was concluded that hybridization between genotypes of different clusters might be expected to give new genetic recombinants for different economic characters. These informations could be utilized for hybridization between distinct genotypes to increase genetic cotton variability.","PeriodicalId":31811,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Genetics and Cytology","volume":"43 1","pages":"365-376"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68479205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays, it has been appeared that there are several advantages for the medical use of hibiscus, which showed the ability to reduce cholesterol level and lipids in animals at laboratory tests in addition to antibiotic oxidation. Thus, the aim of this research is to study its role as anticlastogenic agent upon the chromosomes damage. The calyx and sub-calyx of the Roselle plant has long been recognized as a source of antioxidants. The objective of this study was to investigate the capability of Hibiscus sabdariffa juice to act as anticlastogenic agent by preventing or decreasing chromosomal breaks. In order to achieve such a purpose the genetic material of Mouse (Mus musculus, 2n = 40) and roottip cells of Onion (Allium cepa, 2n = 16) were selected and used employing a variety of shortterm genotoxic bioassays that recommended by EPAUS.The obtained result revealed that Roselle cold extract or syrup treatment had anticlastogenic effect. While hot extract has not. How does this suggested repair system play its role? by activation of cell proliferation, apoptosis; or by interfering with cellular repair system or by all these assumptions. Further research is needed in order to precisely answer this question.
{"title":"ANTI-CLASTOGENIC ACTIVITY OF ROSELLE (Hibiscus sabdariffa) EXTRACT USING A VARIETY OF SHORT-TERM GENOTOXIC BIOASSAYS","authors":"A. E. Khatab","doi":"10.21608/EJGC.2014.9921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/EJGC.2014.9921","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, it has been appeared that there are several advantages for the medical use of hibiscus, which showed the ability to reduce cholesterol level and lipids in animals at laboratory tests in addition to antibiotic oxidation. Thus, the aim of this research is to study its role as anticlastogenic agent upon the chromosomes damage. The calyx and sub-calyx of the Roselle plant has long been recognized as a source of antioxidants. The objective of this study was to investigate the capability of Hibiscus sabdariffa juice to act as anticlastogenic agent by preventing or decreasing chromosomal breaks. In order to achieve such a purpose the genetic material of Mouse (Mus musculus, 2n = 40) and roottip cells of Onion (Allium cepa, 2n = 16) were selected and used employing a variety of shortterm genotoxic bioassays that recommended by EPAUS.The obtained result revealed that Roselle cold extract or syrup treatment had anticlastogenic effect. While hot extract has not. How does this suggested repair system play its role? by activation of cell proliferation, apoptosis; or by interfering with cellular repair system or by all these assumptions. Further research is needed in order to precisely answer this question.","PeriodicalId":31811,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Genetics and Cytology","volume":"43 1","pages":"271-286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68478567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was conducted to evaluate genetic diversity of the effect of gamma irradiation on three Brassica (Brassica napus) genotypes; Serw 4, Serw 6 and Pactol using morphological, physiological and molecular traits. In general, the best dose was the application of 300 Gy which stimulate plant growth to increase its active substances productivity. Among the five doses and three genotypes, 450 Gy and Pactol produced the highest seed/plant. For breeding purpose, moderate gamma rays with low physiological effect and strong genetic effects are desirable. The application of RAPD-PCR technique showed high similarity between control and the lowest dose (150 Gy) in genotypes Serw 4 and Pactol and between 450 and 600 Gy in genotype Serw 6. Depend on the RAPD-PCR and agronomic data; Serw 4 and Pactol are more related than Serw 6. The effect of gamma rays was more effective in Serw 6 rather than genotypes Serw 4 and Pactol. The higher genetic diversity index should be used as potential donor materials in breeding programs. There is, therefore, possibility for further improvement in B. napus mediated induced mutations, leading to a genetic improvement of a specific trait and the selection of economically important mutants.
{"title":"EFFECT OF GAMMA IRRADIATION ON MORPHOLOGICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR TRAITS OF Brassica napus","authors":"A. Yassein, A. Aly","doi":"10.21608/EJGC.2014.9931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/EJGC.2014.9931","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to evaluate genetic diversity of the effect of gamma irradiation on three Brassica (Brassica napus) genotypes; Serw 4, Serw 6 and Pactol using morphological, physiological and molecular traits. In general, the best dose was the application of 300 Gy which stimulate plant growth to increase its active substances productivity. Among the five doses and three genotypes, 450 Gy and Pactol produced the highest seed/plant. For breeding purpose, moderate gamma rays with low physiological effect and strong genetic effects are desirable. The application of RAPD-PCR technique showed high similarity between control and the lowest dose (150 Gy) in genotypes Serw 4 and Pactol and between 450 and 600 Gy in genotype Serw 6. Depend on the RAPD-PCR and agronomic data; Serw 4 and Pactol are more related than Serw 6. The effect of gamma rays was more effective in Serw 6 rather than genotypes Serw 4 and Pactol. The higher genetic diversity index should be used as potential donor materials in breeding programs. There is, therefore, possibility for further improvement in B. napus mediated induced mutations, leading to a genetic improvement of a specific trait and the selection of economically important mutants.","PeriodicalId":31811,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Genetics and Cytology","volume":"43 1","pages":"25-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68479233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nahla El-Sherif, Amina A. Mohamed, M. Saad, Hoda M. S. Barakat, Sara Aly
Genetic relationships among eighteen white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) genotypes, including 12 Egyptian landraces were studied using ISSR and AFLP markers. Twelve ISSR and four AFLP primers/primer combinations were used to assay the polymorphism levels among the lupin accessions. These molecular markers revealed high levels of polymorphism, 94.6% for AFLP and 59.5 % for ISSR. A total of 180 AFLP peaks were scored as positive unique markers ''PUMs'' and 26 peaks as negative unique markers ''NUMs''. Eighteen unique ISSR markers were detected, including 9 PUMs and 9 NUMs. The estimated similarities produced from combined data for both markers among the 18 lupin genotypes ranged between 53.3 and 80.5. Cluster analysis was presented as a dendrogram based on similarity estimates using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA). Through a comparison study, AFLP exhibited significantly higher multiplex ratio (159.5), number of observed alleles (1.946), effective multiplex ratio (151), polymorphic information content (0.208) and marker index (31.44) when compared to those of ISSR. The use of AFLPs and ISSRs allowed for the genetic analysis spanning the lupin genome and revealed the high genetic variations found among accessions that make them useful tools for the breeder to decide the best combinations to be chosen for breeding programs.
{"title":"GENETIC VARIATION IN EGYPTIAN WHITE LUPIN (Lupinus albus L.) GENOTYPES BASED ON COMBINED DATA OF ISSR AND FLUORESCENCE-BASED AFLP MARKERS","authors":"Nahla El-Sherif, Amina A. Mohamed, M. Saad, Hoda M. S. Barakat, Sara Aly","doi":"10.21608/EJGC.2014.9930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/EJGC.2014.9930","url":null,"abstract":"Genetic relationships among eighteen white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) genotypes, including 12 Egyptian landraces were studied using ISSR and AFLP markers. Twelve ISSR and four AFLP primers/primer combinations were used to assay the polymorphism levels among the lupin accessions. These molecular markers revealed high levels of polymorphism, 94.6% for AFLP and 59.5 % for ISSR. A total of 180 AFLP peaks were scored as positive unique markers ''PUMs'' and 26 peaks as negative unique markers ''NUMs''. Eighteen unique ISSR markers were detected, including 9 PUMs and 9 NUMs. The estimated similarities produced from combined data for both markers among the 18 lupin genotypes ranged between 53.3 and 80.5. Cluster analysis was presented as a dendrogram based on similarity estimates using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA). Through a comparison study, AFLP exhibited significantly higher multiplex ratio (159.5), number of observed alleles (1.946), effective multiplex ratio (151), polymorphic information content (0.208) and marker index (31.44) when compared to those of ISSR. The use of AFLPs and ISSRs allowed for the genetic analysis spanning the lupin genome and revealed the high genetic variations found among accessions that make them useful tools for the breeder to decide the best combinations to be chosen for breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":31811,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Genetics and Cytology","volume":"43 1","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68479094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nine rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes of indica and japonica types were used in the present study. Total number of 274 SSR simple sequence repeats primers were used to detect the genetic variation and genetic markers specific for each rice genotype. The results showed that the 219 SSR primers were generate a total 645 amplified alleles, among them 605 alleles were polymorphic. The temperate japonica accessions showed 105 alleles at 50 polymorphic loci. Within three indica accessions, 266 alleles were detected at 122 polymorphic loci. Within the three tropical japonica accessions, 129 alleles were detected at 61 polymorphic loci, respectively. The average number of alleles per locus (A) 2.49, 1.2, 1.55 and 1.25 were observed in total, temperate japonica, indica, and tropical japonica accessions, respectively. Average number of alleles per polymorphic locus (Ap) 2.76, 2.1, 2.18 and 2.11 were observed in total, temperate japonica, indica, and tropical japonica accessions, respectively. The average number of gene diversity (PIC) was 0.51, indicating moderately high variation among the nine accessions. Twelve SSR markers were able to discriminate among the temperate japonica, indica, and tropical japonica rice accessions under the present study.
{"title":"UTILIZATION OF SSR PRIMERS TO DISCRIMINATE BETWEEN DIFFERENT SUBSPECIES OF RICE (Oryza sativa, L.)","authors":"A. Fayed, N. Abbas","doi":"10.21608/EJGC.2014.9938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/EJGC.2014.9938","url":null,"abstract":"Nine rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes of indica and japonica types were used in the present study. Total number of 274 SSR simple sequence repeats primers were used to detect the genetic variation and genetic markers specific for each rice genotype. The results showed that the 219 SSR primers were generate a total 645 amplified alleles, among them 605 alleles were polymorphic. The temperate japonica accessions showed 105 alleles at 50 polymorphic loci. Within three indica accessions, 266 alleles were detected at 122 polymorphic loci. Within the three tropical japonica accessions, 129 alleles were detected at 61 polymorphic loci, respectively. The average number of alleles per locus (A) 2.49, 1.2, 1.55 and 1.25 were observed in total, temperate japonica, indica, and tropical japonica accessions, respectively. Average number of alleles per polymorphic locus (Ap) 2.76, 2.1, 2.18 and 2.11 were observed in total, temperate japonica, indica, and tropical japonica accessions, respectively. The average number of gene diversity (PIC) was 0.51, indicating moderately high variation among the nine accessions. Twelve SSR markers were able to discriminate among the temperate japonica, indica, and tropical japonica rice accessions under the present study.","PeriodicalId":31811,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Genetics and Cytology","volume":"43 1","pages":"157-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68479840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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