Food Policy最新文献

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The unmet financial needs of intermediary firms within agri-food value chains in Uganda and Bangladesh

IF 6.8 1区经济学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Food Policy

Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2025.102838

Annet Adong , Kate Ambler , Jeffrey R. Bloem , Alan de Brauw , Sylvan Herskowitz , A.H.M. Saiful Islam , Julia Wagner

Intermediary firms within agri-food value chains — operating between the farmgate and retailers — typically account for at least as much, if not more, value added as the primary agricultural production sector of the economy, but little is known about how these small and largely informal firms conduct their business. Drawing on a set of innovative surveys implemented amid the arabica coffee and soybean value chains in Uganda and the rice and potato value chains in Bangladesh, we describe the financial activities of these intermediary firms. We document four sets of results. First, across all intermediary actors in our data the overwhelming majority of transactions are cash-based. Second, although many intermediary actors are un-banked, access to financial accounts varies considerably by value chain segment, commodity, and country. Third, while most intermediary actors report using mobile money for personal purposes, especially in Uganda, very few use mobile money to facilitate business transactions. Fourth, although intermediary actors frequently report exposure to risk, very few effectively manage this risk. We conclude by discussing how intermediary agri-food value chain actors represent an underappreciated population for the promotion of new technologies to improve outcomes among both intermediary actors themselves and smallholder farmers.

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引用次数: 0

Global poverty and the cost of a healthy diet

IF 6.8 1区经济学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Food Policy

Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2025.102849

Jonas Stehl , Lutz Depenbusch , Sebastian Vollmer

Access to a healthy diet is a fundamental human need, yet a significant portion of the global population faces barriers to realizing it. Conventional poverty metrics are designed around actual food consumption by low-income people scaled to recommended caloric intake, which is often inadequate for lifelong health. We propose poverty lines based on the cost of a healthy diet, including elements of relative poverty, and explore their key metrics such as headcount ratios and the poverty gap. According to our proposed poverty lines, 2,283 to 2,865 million people were poor in 2022, facing a shortfall of US$ 1,657 to US$ 2,370 billion per year to meet their basic needs. This is in contrast to 654 million people who are considered to live in extreme poverty according to the World Bank’s conventional poverty line. Further, these poverty lines identify 286 to 868 million more people as poor compared to the Societal Poverty Line, with the majority of these individuals concentrated in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa.

引用次数: 0

Taxing fat versus behavioural interventions: Multiple discrete–continuous extreme value (MDCEV) models and the PCSHOP randomized trial of shopping behaviour

IF 6.8 1区经济学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Food Policy

Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2025.102836

John Buckell , David Palma , Stephane Hess , Susan A. Jebb , Carmen Piernas

Understanding food purchasing behaviours is complex because people make both choices among goods and volumes of those goods that they choose. We use the novel Multiple Discrete-Continuous Extreme Value (MDCEV) model, capable of handling both aspects of behaviour, on real-world food shopping behaviour data from a clinical trial. We compared the impact of providing general dietary advice, general dietary advice plus personalised shopping advice, or taxation, and combinations thereof, on the amount of saturated fat in consumers’ shopping baskets, using simulation. We used supermarket loyalty card data from a randomized controlled trial of 111 adults with raised cholesterol in Oxfordshire (UK). A Danish fat tax simulation alone is less effective than the tax in combination with dietary and shopping advice. These data illustrate the potential of MDCEV models for these behaviours and, by extension, informing food policies.

引用次数: 0

Public transfers, food consumption and dietary diversity. The case of Tarjeta Uruguay Social

IF 6.8 1区经济学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Food Policy

Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2025.102837

Victoria Tenenbaum, Andrea Vigorito

Social protection systems in several Latin American countries are increasingly adopting prepaid magnetic cards to promote the consumption of food and other essential goods. However, little is known about how these transfers affect household expenditure and consumption patterns or their advantages over cash options in high- and middle-income countries. Based on a fuzzy regression discontinuity design that exploits programme assignment rules, we assess the effect of the Uruguayan Tarjeta Uruguay Social (TUS) on food expenditure patterns and a dietary diversity score (DDS). We also analyse non-food expenditure and its components, and three potential explanatory channels: the infra/extra-marginality of the transfer; labour market attachment of the beneficiaries; and self-reported consumption decisions within the household. We do not find effects regarding food expenditure and the DDS, which could be mainly associated with the infra-marginality of the transfer. However, poorer households receiving doubled TUS amounts show positive changes in DDS (3%) and expenditure on fruit (17%) and legumes (9%) relative to a control group. In addition, TUS increases spending on housing for all beneficiaries, which is also reflected in an improvement in the quality of housing materials. Although it does not change the balance between cash and credit purchases, it does lead to a reduction in indebtedness, appears to act as an income stabilizer. These elements suggest that, for most households, TUS behaves like a purely cash transfer.

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing nutrition availability through international trade: U.S. and global dairy exports to emerging markets

IF 6.8 1区经济学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Food Policy

Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2025.102846

Jason H. Grant , Kathryn A. Boys , Janice C. Giddens , William Loux

This study examines the importance of trade liberalization via U.S. free trade agreements (FTAs) to distribute nutritionally valuable foods to lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Focusing on dairy products that are rich in essential nutrients and linked to important health benefits, we construct 24 years of bilateral trade data (1998–2021) augmented with nutrient composition information. A structural gravity model is developed to quantify the nutrient availability within U.S. FTAs. Results indicate that while U.S. FTAs increased the value of dairy imports by 86 %, on average, they more than doubled the availability of dairy protein and key micronutrients. Second, trade increases among LMIC FTA partners were not due to trade diversion away from non-member suppliers. Rather, we find some evidence that LMICs increased dairy trade with both U.S. and non-U.S. export suppliers. Third, using population data, we translate FTA trade effects into gains in nutrient availability for consumers. As a percentage of recommended dietary allowance from all food sources, U.S. dairy exports to LMIC FTA partners contributed to an increase of 0.9 and 1.8 percentage points, on average, in the availability of calcium and vitamin B₁₂. Finally, the estimated gains in nutrient availability correspond to significant reductions in dairy trade costs over the study period (e.g. Mexico, −50 %). These findings highlight the importance of trade liberalization as a key mechanism to distribute essential nutrients to regions with insufficient availability through their own domestic production. They also underscore an underexplored avenue for policymakers to advance the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

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引用次数: 0

Dollar store impact on local labor markets and retail activity

IF 6.8 1区经济学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Food Policy

Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2025.102827

Lauren Chenarides , Timothy J. Richards , Zachariah Rutledge , John Pender

This study examines the relationship between dollar store expansion and local labor market outcomes, including employment, earnings, and retail establishment counts within the general merchandise and food and beverage sectors. We compare these relationships across urban and rural counties. Using an instrumental variables approach to address potential endogeneity in store location decisions, we find that dollar store presence corresponds with higher employment levels within the general merchandise retail sector. While absolute employment increases are larger in urban counties, the relative changes compared to baseline employment levels are more substantial in rural counties than urban ones (11.86% versus 5.22%). We find contemporaneous decreases in average weekly earnings, but lagged results show a positive, compensating association with dollar store expansion in urban areas, while rural wages show no significant changes. We find modest employment increases in the food and beverage sector in urban areas with no significant relationship in rural areas. These findings provide empirical evidence that dollar store expansion corresponds with job creation, particularly in the general merchandise retail sector, despite the displacement of existing establishments.

本研究探讨了一元店扩张与当地劳动力市场成果之间的关系，包括日用百货和食品饮料行业的就业、收入和零售机构数量。我们比较了城市县和农村县之间的关系。通过使用工具变量法来解决商店选址决策中潜在的内生性问题，我们发现一元店的存在与日用百货零售业的较高就业水平相对应。虽然城市县城的绝对就业增长幅度更大，但与基线就业水平相比，农村县城的相对变化比城市县城更大（11.86% 对 5.22%）。我们发现当时的平均周收入有所下降，但滞后结果显示，城市地区的一元店扩张带来了积极的补偿性关联，而农村地区的工资则没有显著变化。我们发现，在城市地区，食品和饮料行业的就业人数略有增加，而在农村地区则没有显著关系。这些研究结果提供了经验证据，表明尽管一元店的扩张取代了现有的经营场所，但一元店的扩张也创造了就业机会，尤其是在日用百货零售业。

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引用次数: 0

Role of nutrition-sensitive agriculture in enhancing sustainable humanitarian assistance: Evidence from orange-fleshed sweetpotato interventions in Kenya

IF 6.8 1区经济学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Food Policy

Pub Date : 2025-03-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2025.102834

Chalmers K. Mulwa , Fredrick Grant , Marcel Gatto , Mukani Moyo , Dorcas Amunga , Norman Kwikiriza , Jack Malit , Julius J. Okello , Joyce Maru , Hugo Campos , Simon Heck

The increasing frequency of climate-related shocks in arid and semi-arid regions has subjected local populations to cyclical livelihood disruptions and poverty traps. Humanitarian assistance is key to sustainable livelihoods in such regions, but this has largely been in the form of emergency aid. Sustainability concerns and public fiscal burden have necessitated a shift towards resilience building. Such interventions include biofortification, an important nutrition-sensitive agricultural approach that can sustainably improve food and nutrition security among vulnerable populations. However, there is limited evidence of success and lessons for scaling this approach. Using a sample of 636 households drawn from three arid and semi-arid counties in Kenya, this study uses a doubly robust estimator and non-parametric methods to investigate the effect of promoting vitamin-A-biofortified sweet potato as a nutrition-sensitive, climate-smart agricultural intervention to improve nutritional outcomes in humanitarian settings. We find that interventions combining demand-creation strategies and access to biofortified planting material significantly enhance nutrition knowledge and household nutrition indicators such as dietary diversity and food security. Individual interventions that either create demand or provide access to planting material enhance nutrition awareness but do not lead to primary nutrition outcomes such as dietary diversity. Lastly, enhancing access to planting material leads to higher nutritional outcomes compared to demand-creation strategies carried out in isolation.

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引用次数: 0

Deconstructing fertilizer price spikes: Evidence from Chinese urea fertilizer market

IF 6.8 1区经济学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Food Policy

Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2025.102829

Zhepeng Hu , Lei Yan , Jinghong Yuan , Xiaoli Etienne

Recent fertilizer price spikes in 2021–2022, coupled with government interventions by major exporting countries, have raised global concerns about food security. This study investigates the key drivers of urea prices in China—the world’s largest producer and a major exporter. First, we analyze price transmission between China’s domestic spot and export urea markets, finding no cointegration even prior to the export restrictions introduced in October 2021. Next, we employ a structural vector autoregression model to examine domestic urea price spikes, using a heteroskedasticity-based identification strategy that allows for smoothly transitioning covariances. We decompose urea prices into four structural shocks: supply shocks driven by energy price changes, demand shocks linked to crop price fluctuations, export demand shocks, and market-specific idiosyncratic shocks unrelated to the first three. The findings reveal that rising energy costs and idiosyncratic factors were the main drivers of urea prices in China from 2018 to 2023, while shocks to corn prices and export demand had a smaller impact. Overall, the results indicate that recent export restrictions have had limited influence on domestic urea prices, calling into question the effectiveness of China’s October 2021 export restrictions as a price stabilization measure.

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引用次数: 0

India’s export restrictions and response of African and Asian retail rice prices

IF 6.8 1区经济学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Food Policy

Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2025.102832

Ronald Jeremy S. Antonio , Ashok K. Mishra , David Dawe , Valerien O. Pede

引用次数: 0

Fish as food: Prioritizing domestic fish consumption to reduce the health burden

IF 6.8 1区经济学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Food Policy

Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2025.102828

Shujuan Xia , Jun’ya Takakura , Kazuaki Tsuchiya , Takashi Yamakawa , Wenchao Wu , Chae Yeon Park , Tomoko Hasegawa , Shinichiro Fujimori , Kiyoshi Takahashi

The current fish trade increases fish availability and provides essential nutrients to most countries globally. However, many countries still consume less fish than they produce. A health-sensitive trade policy could help address this imbalance. In this study, we examined how prioritizing domestic fish consumption in some net-exporting countries with low fish consumption could improve fish availability and impact global and regional health burdens. Using bilateral fish trade data from 2010 to 2019 and diet-disease relationships, we compared the impact of current trade versus trade patterns (focused on domestic consumption) on reducing deaths from ischemic heart disease (IHD), the world’s leading cause of death. Our results showed that the current trade system delivered health benefits and could have prevented approximately 130,000 IHD deaths worldwide; one-third of these benefits went to high-income countries, where health gains were mainly transferred from net-exporting low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) with relatively high IHD death rates. Shifting a portion of exports to prioritize domestic consumption in net-exporting countries may reduce IHD deaths by 26% in LMICs and prevent an additional 15,400 IHD deaths globally compared with the current trade. Moreover, it would only cause a 0.7% reduction in health benefits in net-importing countries and no reduction in low- and lower-middle-income net-importing countries. Thus, increasing fish consumption in countries with low fish intake could be more effective in reducing the global burden of disease. Our findings could assist policymakers in developing health-sensitive policies to improve health outcomes.

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引用次数: 0

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