Food Policy最新文献_第4页

Firm’s responses to food policies to reduce consumption of ultra-processed food and beverages: lessons from the existing evidence 公司对减少超加工食品和饮料消费的食品政策的反应：来自现有证据的教训

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Food Policy

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2025.102975

Juan Carlos Salgado , Bhairavi Jayaraman , Lindsey Smith Taillie , Shu Wen Ng

Food policies seeking to lower the intake of ultra-processed foods and beverages (a risk factor for obesity and related cardiovascular diseases) are gaining traction. Producer behaviors toward these policies can affect whether policies achieve public health goals. In this narrative review, we synthesize available evidence from ex-ante and ex-post studies since 2015 to assess strategic responses by the food industry to a broad set of mandatory food policies on ultra-processed foods and beverages, including taxes, labeling, marketing restrictions, and claims. Based on 49 papers, we found strategic pricing as the most prevalent assessed producer response, followed by product reformulation, and changes in product portfolio (product entry or exit), marketing, and package size. Evidence to date points towards product reformulation and portfolio changes reinforcing the public health goal for food policies, as these producer responses improve the nutrient profile of available products, albeit unintended consequences can emerge via the use of non-sugar sweeteners. Strategic pricing can strengthen public health goals for food policies when unhealthy products become relatively more expensive than expected compared to healthier options. Otherwise, strategic pricing works against these goals. Mixed results arise from changes in marketing as their post-policy sales effectiveness can shrink, but producers can increase the marketing intensity of unhealthy foods. Evidence of package size changes is scarce and inconclusive. The overall implications of strategic producer responses will depend on market structure and share, their magnitude and scope (producers often respond in a mixture of ways), and how consumers adjust their demand in consequence. Policymakers and researchers should account for strategic producer responses in the policy design and evaluation process.

旨在降低超加工食品和饮料（肥胖和相关心血管疾病的一个风险因素）摄入量的食品政策正在获得支持。生产者对这些政策的行为可以影响政策是否实现公共卫生目标。在这篇叙述性综述中，我们综合了自2015年以来的事前和事后研究的现有证据，以评估食品行业对一系列针对超加工食品和饮料的强制性食品政策的战略反应，包括税收、标签、营销限制和声明。基于49篇论文，我们发现战略定价是最普遍的评估生产者反应，其次是产品重组、产品组合（产品进入或退出）、营销和包装尺寸的变化。迄今为止的证据表明，产品配方和产品组合的变化加强了食品政策的公共卫生目标，因为这些生产商的反应改善了现有产品的营养成分，尽管使用非糖甜味剂可能会产生意想不到的后果。与更健康的选择相比，当不健康的产品变得比预期的更昂贵时，战略性定价可以加强食品政策的公共卫生目标。否则，战略性定价就会违背这些目标。由于政策实施后的销售效果可能会下降，因此营销的变化会产生喜忧参半的结果，但生产者可以增加不健康食品的营销强度。包装尺寸变化的证据很少，也不确定。生产者战略性反应的总体影响将取决于市场结构和份额、其幅度和范围（生产者通常以混合方式作出反应）以及消费者如何相应地调整其需求。政策制定者和研究人员应该在政策设计和评估过程中考虑战略性生产者的反应。

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引用次数: 0

Urbanizing food environments in Africa: Challenges and opportunities for improving accessibility, affordability, convenience, and desirability of healthy diets 非洲城市化的粮食环境：改善健康饮食的可及性、可负担性、便利性和可取性的挑战和机遇

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Food Policy

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2025.102981

Hannah Ameye , Vivien Hülsen , Katrin Glatzel , Amos Laar , Matin Qaim

Food environments are changing in a rapidly urbanizing Africa. These changes have important dietary consequences in a region already contending with the triple burden of malnutrition. In this article, we first discuss the challenges associated with defining and measuring food environments in low- and middle-income countries and present recent progress in developing context-appropriate indicators and tools. Further, using mixed methods scoping reviews, we examine how urbanizing food environments affect diets and nutrition in Africa, differentiating between various food environment domains, namely food accessibility, affordability, convenience, and desirability. The findings suggest that urbanization improves stable access to more diverse and nutritious foods. At the same time, urbanizing food environments make ultra-processed foods and other convenient but unhealthy food choices more accessible, affordable, and desirable, contributing to overweight, obesity, and chronic disease risk. We discuss several policy options to improve the healthfulness of food environments, including industry and retail regulation, product labeling, taxes and subsidies, and school feeding programs, among others. National and local policy approaches need to be context-specific and considered within the wider political economy of food environments. We also mention further research needs in terms of measuring food environments and evaluating the effects of policy interventions.

在快速城市化的非洲，粮食环境正在发生变化。这些变化对一个已经面临营养不良三重负担的地区的饮食产生了重要影响。在本文中，我们首先讨论了与定义和衡量中低收入国家粮食环境相关的挑战，并介绍了在制定适合具体情况的指标和工具方面取得的最新进展。此外，使用混合方法进行范围审查，我们研究了城市化的食物环境如何影响非洲的饮食和营养，区分了不同的食物环境领域，即食物可及性、可负担性、便利性和可取性。研究结果表明，城市化改善了对更多样化和更有营养的食物的稳定获取。与此同时，城市化的食品环境使超加工食品和其他方便但不健康的食品选择更容易获得、负担得起和可取，从而导致超重、肥胖和慢性病风险。我们讨论了改善食品环境健康的几种政策选择，包括工业和零售监管、产品标签、税收和补贴以及学校供餐计划等。国家和地方的政策方法需要因地制宜，并在粮食环境的更广泛的政治经济范围内加以考虑。我们还提到在衡量粮食环境和评估政策干预效果方面需要进一步的研究。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating policy and industry-based interventions for healthier online food-away-from-home choices: A scoping review 评估政策和基于行业的干预措施，以促进更健康的在线外出食品选择：范围审查

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Food Policy

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2025.103006

Vincenzina Caputo , Jiayu Sun , Ellen J. Van Loo

The rapid digital transformation of the food-away-from-home (FAFH) sector has redefined how consumers access and select meals. Digital delivery platforms such as Uber Eats, Deliveroo, and Meituan have become influential market intermediaries, shaping the nutritional landscape of food environments and raising concerns about their healthfulness. This study reviews empirical evidence on policy-based and industry-led interventions aimed at improving dietary outcomes in digital FAFH environments. Following PRISMA guidelines and using machine-learning–assisted screening (ASReview), 37 peer-reviewed studies were identified across four domains: nutritional labeling, fiscal measures, food-assistance programs, and digital nudges or decision-support tools. Findings indicate that although traditional food-policy instruments designed for physical food environments can be adapted to digital contexts, their effects remain modest and context specific. Industry-led interventions, such as menu reordering, healthier defaults, and real-time basket feedback, show encouraging effects on meal quality and calorie reduction when integrated into online platform design. Opportunities also exist to embed digital policies and personalized decision aids within platform interfaces, providing scalable mechanisms for nutrition governance. Yet regulatory ambiguity, limited transparency, and profit-oriented design incentives constrain their reach. Cross-country disparities in market structure, investment, and institutional capacity further restrict policy diffusion, with most evidence drawn from high-income economies. The review calls for governance frameworks that treat digital food-delivery platforms not as passive outlets but as active infrastructures for public-health policy.

外卖（FAFH）行业的快速数字化转型重新定义了消费者获取和选择食物的方式。Uber Eats、Deliveroo和美团等数字外卖平台已经成为有影响力的市场中介，塑造了食品环境的营养格局，并引发了人们对其健康的担忧。本研究回顾了基于政策和行业主导的干预措施的经验证据，这些干预措施旨在改善数字FAFH环境下的饮食结果。遵循PRISMA指南并使用机器学习辅助筛选（ASReview），确定了37项同行评议研究，涉及四个领域：营养标签、财政措施、食品援助计划和数字推动或决策支持工具。研究结果表明，虽然为物理食物环境设计的传统粮食政策工具可以适应数字环境，但其效果仍然有限，且具体情况不同。行业主导的干预措施，如菜单重新排序、更健康的默认设置和实时购物篮反馈，在整合到在线平台设计中后，对膳食质量和卡路里减少显示出令人鼓舞的效果。在平台接口中嵌入数字政策和个性化决策辅助工具也有机会，为营养治理提供可扩展的机制。然而，监管的模糊性、有限的透明度和以利润为导向的设计激励限制了它们的影响力。市场结构、投资和制度能力方面的跨国差异进一步限制了政策的扩散，大多数证据来自高收入经济体。该报告呼吁建立治理框架，将数字送餐平台视为公共卫生政策的主动基础设施，而不是被动渠道。

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引用次数: 0

A review of data linkages for policy-informing research in food and agricultural economics 粮食和农业经济学政策信息研究的数据联系综述

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Food Policy

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2025.102996

Lauren Chenarides , Andrew S. Hanks , Jake Berard , Andrea C. Carlson , George Davis , Amelia B. Finaret

Researchers commonly use linked data as an empirical tool because information relevant to answer policy questions is often dispersed across multiple sources. To understand how linked data are used in food and agricultural economics research, we conducted a systematic review of 104 peer-reviewed articles, published between 2000 and 2020, in which authors combine data sources to conduct their intended analyses. With our sample of papers, we classify types of data used, describe linkage methods, and summarize empirical approaches. Results show that most studies use public data, and many apply causal methods to examine food policy questions. These patterns highlight the value of public data and the role of linked datasets in food and agricultural economics research. Continued investment in data access, infrastructure, and shared practices for managing and analyzing integrated datasets can strengthen and expand the use of linked data in future research.

研究人员通常使用关联数据作为实证工具，因为与回答政策问题相关的信息往往分散在多个来源。为了了解关联数据如何在食品和农业经济学研究中使用，我们对2000年至2020年间发表的104篇同行评审文章进行了系统综述，其中作者将数据来源结合起来进行预期分析。通过我们的论文样本，我们对使用的数据类型进行了分类，描述了联系方法，并总结了经验方法。结果表明，大多数研究使用公共数据，许多研究采用因果关系方法来检查食品政策问题。这些模式突出了公共数据的价值以及关联数据集在粮食和农业经济学研究中的作用。继续投资于数据访问、基础设施以及管理和分析集成数据集的共享实践，可以在未来的研究中加强和扩大关联数据的使用。

引用次数: 0

China’s food security and food system governance: recent developments and global implications 中国粮食安全和粮食系统治理：近期发展及其全球影响

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Food Policy

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2025.103000

Wenjin Long , Ting Meng , Xu Tian , Shenggen Fan

While global progress toward food system transformation for UN Sustainable Development Goals has lagged, China, representing one-sixth of the world’s population, has made significant strides in food security. Previous research has not fully captured China’s recent changes in food consumption and supply, nor adequately addressed food security from a governance perspective. This study examines China’s food system transformation since 2013 through analysis of statistical data, policy documents, and literature, focusing on changes in demand, supply, supply–demand balance, and food system governance. The findings show China’s food system has undergone complex transformations during the last decade. Consumer preferences are shifting toward diverse, high-quality, and nutritious foods, especially animal proteins, while direct grain consumption decreases. This transition has created structural challenges, including dietary imbalances and rising health issues. The supply side, despite increased production and improved capabilities, faces challenges such as declining self-sufficiency rate for certain production, heavy dependence on arable land, and spatial mismatches between production and consumption areas. The supply–demand relationship reveals structural imbalances, particularly in protein supply and feed grain sectors, with quantity-focused approaches leading to simultaneous surpluses and shortages. China’s food security is increasingly challenged by rapidly growing import dependencies and declining self-sufficiency across major agricultural sectors. Food system governance in China has evolved from traditional grain security to a broader food security concept, adopting market-oriented approaches, extending the scope from production to the whole food system, and building a new relationship between stakeholders. Nevertheless, the food system governance needs improvements in assessment mechanisms, government role optimization, framework integration, and stakeholder engagement. The evolution of China’s food security and food system governance generate global impacts through multiple interconnected channels, creating both opportunities and challenges for the international community.

虽然全球在实现联合国可持续发展目标的粮食系统转型方面进展缓慢，但占世界人口六分之一的中国在粮食安全方面取得了重大进展。以往的研究没有充分反映中国近期粮食消费和供应的变化，也没有从治理的角度充分解决粮食安全问题。本研究通过统计数据、政策文件和文献分析，考察了2013年以来中国粮食体系的转型，重点关注需求、供给、供需平衡和粮食体系治理的变化。调查结果显示，中国的食品体系在过去十年中经历了复杂的转变。消费者的偏好正在转向多样化、高质量和有营养的食品，尤其是动物蛋白食品，而直接粮食消费则在减少。这种转变带来了结构性挑战，包括饮食失衡和日益严重的健康问题。供给侧虽然产量和能力有所提高，但仍面临着某些产品自给率下降、严重依赖耕地、生产与消费区域空间不匹配等挑战。供需关系揭示了结构性失衡，特别是在蛋白质供应和饲料谷物部门，注重数量的方法导致同时出现过剩和短缺。中国的粮食安全日益受到进口依赖快速增长和主要农业部门自给率下降的挑战。中国的粮食系统治理已经从传统的粮食安全发展到更广泛的粮食安全概念，采取以市场为导向的方式，将范围从生产扩展到整个粮食系统，并建立了新的利益相关者关系。然而，粮食系统治理还需要在评估机制、政府角色优化、框架整合和利益相关者参与等方面进行改进。中国粮食安全和粮食系统治理的演变通过多种相互关联的渠道产生全球影响，为国际社会带来机遇和挑战。

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引用次数: 0

Food effects of the 2021 expanded child tax credit 2021年扩大的儿童税收抵免的食品影响

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Food Policy

Pub Date : 2025-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2025.102982

Caitlin Dutta

Insufficient food is a hardship faced by many U.S. households. Several U.S. social safety net programs aim to improve these households’ food conditions. In this paper I examine effects of the 2021 expanded child tax credit on food insufficiency. I use a difference-in-differences design to assess the heterogeneous impacts of the credit’s monthly cash transfers to households with children. I find suggestive evidence that highlights the value of heterogeneity in policy evaluation and allows me to comment on the targeting of the policy and further policy implications. I find the payments significantly decreased self-reported food insufficiency for treated households relative to the control with larger effects for low-income, Black, Hispanic, low-education, and single-parent households. Additionally, households interacting with less accessible Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Programs saw larger effects of the payments than those with more accessible programs. Households facing a higher cost of living also saw larger food insufficiency effects than those facing a lower price level. I contribute to the literatures on the effects of cash transfers on food sufficiency and on the heterogeneous effects of government policies.

食物不足是许多美国家庭面临的难题。美国的几个社会安全网项目旨在改善这些家庭的食物状况。在本文中，我研究了2021年扩大的儿童税收抵免对食物不足的影响。我使用差异中之差设计来评估每月向有孩子的家庭提供现金补助的异质性影响。我发现了一些具有启发性的证据，这些证据突出了政策评估中异质性的价值，并使我能够对政策的目标和进一步的政策影响发表评论。我发现，与对照组相比，接受治疗的家庭自我报告的食物不足明显减少，对低收入、黑人、西班牙裔、低教育程度和单亲家庭的影响更大。此外，与那些更容易获得补充营养援助计划的家庭相比，与不易获得补充营养援助计划互动的家庭看到了更大的影响。生活成本较高的家庭也比物价水平较低的家庭受到更大的粮食不足影响。我对现金转移对粮食充足性的影响以及政府政策的异质效应的文献做出了贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Do food safety certifications improve the safety of our food system? evidence from the U.S. Meat, Poultry, and egg industry 食品安全认证是否提高了我们食品系统的安全性？来自美国肉类、家禽和蛋类行业的证据

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Food Policy

Pub Date : 2025-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2025.102980

Lijiao Hu , Yuqing Zheng

Private food safety certifications have become increasingly popular in the global agri-food supply chain over the last three decades. We examine a fundamental yet unaddressed question of whether food safety certifications make our food system safer. Focusing on the U.S. processing industry for meat, poultry, and eggs, the most likely contaminated foods, we matched unique establishment-level food safety certification data collected over the period of 2015–2018 with the microbial testing data from the government for processing establishments. By applying a penalized maximum likelihood method to address the rare event problem in the data, we found that the certification to the British Retail Consortium food safety standard leads to a decrease in the probability of testing positive for Salmonella and Campylobacter by 0.3 and two percent, respectively, and the certification to Safe Quality Food standard leads to a decrease in the probability of testing positive for Campylobacter and Listeria by one and 0.4 percent, respectively. Our results provide justification for firms to adopt certifications and for governments to use certifications to augment and supplement government food safety regulation efforts.

在过去的三十年里，私人食品安全认证在全球农业食品供应链中越来越受欢迎。我们研究了一个基本的尚未解决的问题，即食品安全认证是否使我们的食品系统更安全。我们将2015-2018年期间收集的独特的企业食品安全认证数据与政府对加工企业的微生物检测数据相匹配，重点关注美国肉类、家禽和蛋类加工行业，这是最可能受到污染的食品。通过应用惩罚最大似然法来解决数据中的罕见事件问题，我们发现，获得英国零售协会食品安全标准认证后，沙门氏菌和弯曲杆菌检测阳性的概率分别降低了0.3%和2%，获得安全质量食品标准认证后，弯曲杆菌和李斯特菌检测阳性的概率分别降低了1%和0.4%。我们的研究结果为企业采用认证和政府使用认证来加强和补充政府食品安全监管工作提供了理由。

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引用次数: 0

Food safety, sampling inspection and optimization of regulatory resource allocation: Evidence from China’s aquatic food inspection 食品安全、抽样检验与监管资源优化配置：来自中国水产食品检验的证据

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Food Policy

Pub Date : 2025-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2025.102976

Yu Jin , Jiehong Zhou

Food safety is a widespread problem that challenge regulatory bodies and consumers around the world. Earlier studies emphasized resources as the key to improving regulatory effectiveness, but our study suggests this common sense should be reexamined, especially in the context of increasing regulatory burdens in food safety. Using China’s aquatic food safety sampling inspection data with over 300,000 samples from 2014 to 2022, we examine the effects of sampling inspection on the failure rate of aquatic foods, and try to identify supply chain segments where more regulatory resources should be allocated. The results show that increasing the number of sampling inspections significantly reduces both the failure rate in aquatic foods, but the effects of increased sampling inspection on improving aquatic food quality follows an inverted U-shaped pattern. Increasing the intensity of sampling inspections targeting the upstream segment in the supply chain can significantly reduce the failure rate of aquatic foods in the downstream segments. Moreover, increasing the frequency of sampling inspections is more effective in reducing the failure rate in high-risk segments of the aquatic food supply chain, such as restaurants, online stores, wet markets, wholesale markets, and fresh food retailers. Our study highlights the crucial impact of regulatory bodies sampling inspection on reducing the failure rate of aquatic foods, and in particular provides policy implications for optimizing the allocation of regulatory resources in different supply chain segments.

食品安全是一个普遍存在的问题，对世界各地的监管机构和消费者都构成了挑战。早期的研究强调资源是提高监管效率的关键，但我们的研究表明，这一常识应该重新审视，特别是在食品安全监管负担日益增加的背景下。利用2014年至2022年中国水产食品安全抽样检验数据，研究了抽样检验对水产食品不合格率的影响，并试图找出需要投入更多监管资源的供应链环节。结果表明，增加抽检次数显著降低了水产品的不合格率，但增加抽检对水产品质量的改善效果呈倒u型变化。加大供应链上游环节的抽查力度，可以显著降低下游环节水产食品的不合格率。此外，增加抽样检查频率对于降低水产食品供应链高风险环节（如餐馆、网上商店、菜市场、批发市场和生鲜食品零售商）的不良率更为有效。我们的研究强调了监管机构抽样检查对降低水产食品不良率的重要影响，特别是为优化不同供应链环节的监管资源配置提供了政策启示。

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引用次数: 0

Economic costs of extreme heat on groundnut production in the Senegal Groundnut Basin 塞内加尔花生盆地极端高温对花生生产的经济成本

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Food Policy

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2025.102970

Maguette Sembene, Bradford Mills, Anubhab Gupta

Historical data show a rising trend in extreme heat in the past four decades in the Groundnut Basin of Senegal. We evaluate the economic costs of extreme heat on groundnut production in the region. Using temperature data from the ERA5 global climate reanalysis, we define extreme heat degree days (EHDDs) as the cumulative number of degree days above 35 °C during the groundnut growing season and estimate its effect on quasi-profits and yields at the person, household, and field levels utilizing a two-year panel data of 1,123 households. Our econometric estimations show that an additional EHDD reduces quasi-profits by 5,460 FCFA per hectare and significantly lowers yield by 2.5%. Further, rainfall interactions with EHDD generate compounding losses under high heat and rainfall. The findings highlight important and often unseen effects of increasing temperatures on agricultural practices in climate-vulnerable areas such as the Groundnut Basin and underscore the need for adaptation and mitigation strategies to cope with the impacts of climate change.

历史数据显示，塞内加尔花生盆地的极端高温在过去四十年中呈上升趋势。我们评估了极端高温对该地区花生生产的经济成本。利用ERA5全球气候再分析的温度数据，我们将极端高温日数（ehdd）定义为花生生长季节高于35°C的累积日数，并利用1123个家庭的两年面板数据估计其对个人、家庭和田间准利润和产量的影响。我们的计量经济学估计表明，每公顷额外的EHDD减少了5,460 FCFA的准利润，并显着降低了2.5%的产量。此外，在高温和高降雨条件下，降雨与EHDD的相互作用会产生复合损失。这些发现强调了温度升高对诸如花生盆地等气候脆弱地区的农业实践产生的重要且往往是看不见的影响，并强调需要制定适应和缓解战略来应对气候变化的影响。

引用次数: 0

The unsustainability of the Omega-3 supply from seafood in the Mediterranean under global change 在全球气候变化的影响下，地中海海产品中Omega-3的供应不可持续

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Food Policy

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2025.102972

Josep Lloret , Mar Vila-Belmonte , Angel Izquierdo , Joan San , Sebastian Biton-Porsmoguer

This study, for the first time, examines the evolution of Omega-3 supply landed by local fisheries over time in the Mediterranean Sea, while considering trade-offs between species with varying temperature preferences. The province of Girona (northwestern Mediterranean, Spain) is used as our case study. Our results show that, between 2000 and 2023, there was a strong declining trend in the Omega-3 supplied by temperate and cold-water species (which have been negatively affected by overexploitation and climate change), and that this has not been compensated by the increase in the Omega-3 supplied by warm-water species (which have benefited from climate change). Considering the poor status of the Mediterranean stocks and the negative impacts of sea warming on Omega-3 production, our study provides empirical evidence that the self-sufficiency of Omega-3 supplied by seafood for future generations is far from assured.

这项研究首次考察了地中海当地渔业的Omega-3供应随时间的演变，同时考虑了不同温度偏好的物种之间的权衡。赫罗纳省（西班牙地中海西北部）作为我们的案例研究。研究结果表明，在2000年至2023年间，温带和冷水物种（受到过度开发和气候变化的负面影响）提供的Omega-3呈强烈下降趋势，而温暖水域物种（受益于气候变化）提供的Omega-3并没有增加。考虑到地中海种群状况不佳以及海洋变暖对Omega-3生产的负面影响，我们的研究提供了经验证据，表明海鲜为后代提供的Omega-3自给自足远未得到保证。

引用次数: 0