Food Policy最新文献

英文中文

Variations on the Thrifty Food Plan: Model diets that satisfy cost and nutrition constraints

IF 6.8 1区经济学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Food Policy

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2024.102781

Yiwen Zhao , Linlin Fan , Norbert L.W. Wilson , Angélica Valdés Valderrama , Parke Wilde

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) supports Americans with low incomes in acquiring adequate and healthful diets. The maximum SNAP benefit is based on the Thrifty Food Plan (TFP), the lowest cost of four U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) food plans. This paper uses optimization models and data replicating those used to reevaluate the TFP in August 2021. The optimization models solve for a food plan that is as similar as possible to the national average diet of healthy-eating Americans, while meeting nutrition requirements and cost constraints. This study’s objective was to investigate which model components are most important in driving the results and explore economic tradeoffs between food costs, nutrition quality, and consumer preferences in the U.S. food marketplace. The results showed that model food plans differed greatly from current consumption, with only 29 of 97 food categories being selected. The TFP algorithm was driven primarily by the cost and food group constraints rather than the objective function. The constraints with the highest Lagrangian semi-elasticities were, in order: the cost constraint, a food energy constraint, a vitamin E constraint, and particular food group constraints such as dairy. The implications for recommended SNAP benefit amounts depend on which constraints are used and on how much difference between the model diet and current consumption is considered acceptable. Relaxing certain food group constraints, such as dairy constraints, for nutrition goals would permit a lower cost target, while seeking model food plans more similar to current consumption would require a higher cost target.

{"title":"Variations on the Thrifty Food Plan: Model diets that satisfy cost and nutrition constraints","authors":"Yiwen Zhao , Linlin Fan , Norbert L.W. Wilson , Angélica Valdés Valderrama , Parke Wilde","doi":"10.1016/j.foodpol.2024.102781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foodpol.2024.102781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) supports Americans with low incomes in acquiring adequate and healthful diets. The maximum SNAP benefit is based on the Thrifty Food Plan (TFP), the lowest cost of four U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) food plans. This paper uses optimization models and data replicating those used to reevaluate the TFP in August 2021. The optimization models solve for a food plan that is as similar as possible to the national average diet of healthy-eating Americans, while meeting nutrition requirements and cost constraints. This study’s objective was to investigate which model components are most important in driving the results and explore economic tradeoffs between food costs, nutrition quality, and consumer preferences in the U.S. food marketplace. The results showed that model food plans differed greatly from current consumption, with only 29 of 97 food categories being selected. The TFP algorithm was driven primarily by the cost and food group constraints rather than the objective function. The constraints with the highest Lagrangian semi-elasticities were, in order: the cost constraint, a food energy constraint, a vitamin E constraint, and particular food group constraints such as dairy. The implications for recommended SNAP benefit amounts depend on which constraints are used and on how much difference between the model diet and current consumption is considered acceptable. Relaxing certain food group constraints, such as dairy constraints, for nutrition goals would permit a lower cost target, while seeking model food plans more similar to current consumption would require a higher cost target.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":321,"journal":{"name":"Food Policy","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 102781"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143094600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How to incentivize peanut producers to adopt post-harvest aflatoxin control measures: A field experiment in Haiti

IF 6.8 1区经济学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Food Policy

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2024.102771

Phendy Jacques , Stevens Azima , Maurice Doyon

Aflatoxin contamination in peanuts represents a significant public health concern in many developing countries, including Haiti, a low-income country. Although simple post-harvest mitigation measures exist, their adoption by Haitian farmers remains limited. This study assesses the willingness to accept (WTA) of peanut producers in Haiti to implement post-harvest measures, using a reversed Becker-DeGroot-Marschak (BDM) auction. It also tests the effect on WTA of a conditional market access. For one group the research project commits to purchase peanuts at a predetermined price if aflatoxin levels meet a maximum of 10 parts per billion, while another group receives unconditional market access at the same predetermined price. Moreover, Haitian supermarket consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) a premium for a local peanut butter (mamba) certified to meet aflatoxin standards is explored. Results indicate that conditional market access generates higher WTA. Haitian supermarket consumers show strong interest in certified peanut butter, with a declared premium of 21.1 % over the market price of a 16-ounce jar of non-certified peanut butter. If we consider intermediary margins as high as 86 % of the final consumer price—well above the current 68 % reported in previous studies—as well as for a potential hypothetical bias as high as two thirds of the stated WTP, this premium is sufficient to incentivize Haitian peanut producers, measured by their observed WTA. Thus, a market solution to the aflatoxin problem in Haiti seems plausible for supermarket consumers.

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引用次数: 0

CO2-driven crop comparative advantage and planting decision: Evidence from US cropland

IF 6.8 1区经济学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Food Policy

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2024.102782

Ziheng Liu

In addition to the well-known per-acre yield benefits, elevated CO₂ also influences cropping patterns. An important characteristic of CO₂ fertilization is that C3 crops exhibit a more pronounced response to elevated CO₂ levels in comparison to C4 crops. Such differential responses of C3 and C4 crops to increasing CO₂ levels are likely to alter cropping patterns in favor of C3 crops, as CO₂ provides C3 crops with a comparative advantage. This study empirically investigates the CO₂ effects on the corn and soybean acreage, the most representative C4 and C3 crops, in the U.S. Employing an instrumental variable that exploits exogenous variation driven by wind, I find that a one-ppm rise in CO₂ significantly reduces the corn acreage by 1.19% and increases the soybean acreage by 1.51%. The CO₂-driven shrinkage in corn acreage may involve switching to soybeans, spring wheat, and cotton, with CO₂-driven soybean expansion achieved by replacing corn and sorghum. Neglecting the CO₂-driven acreage shift would lead, according to the forecast simulations, to an underestimation of the CO₂ fertilization effect on soybean production and an overestimation of the CO₂ fertilization effect on corn production. Given the diverse uses of corn and soybeans, such shifts in their acreage and production could have important implications for multiple sectors and market dynamics.

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引用次数: 0

Maize price Shocks, food consumption and the mediating role of access to market in Ghana

IF 6.8 1区经济学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Food Policy

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2024.102783

Edward Martey , Justina Adwoa Onumah , Frank Adusah-Poku

The existing empirical literature on the impact of food price shocks on food consumption has primarily concentrated on market-purchased foods, offering limited insights into home-produced foods and the quality of food. Addressing this gap, our study employs panel data from Ghana to investigate the relationship between exposure to positive maize price shocks and price variability and household consumption patterns of nutrient-dense and less nutrient-dense diets, considering both market purchases and home production. Our findings indicate that maize price shocks lead to a reduction in households’ consumption of purchased nutrient-dense and less nutrient-dense food groups, while increasing the consumption of home-produced nutrient-dense food groups. The effects of maize price shocks on food consumption vary across household types, primary crop cultivation, and wealth status. Additionally, access to markets emerges as a crucial mechanism through which maize price shocks influence households’ consumption of nutrient-dense and less nutrient-dense diets. The implications of our study underscore the significance of enhanced market access and policy interventions aimed at mitigating food price increases to improve food and nutrition security.

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引用次数: 0

Global shocks to fertilizer markets: Impacts on prices, demand and farm profitability

IF 6.8 1区经济学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Food Policy

Pub Date : 2024-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2024.102790

Rob Vos, Joseph Glauber, Charlotte Hebebrand, Brendan Rice

During 2021–2022, spiking fertilizer prices raised fears that fertilizer application would drop around the world, leading to lower crop production, higher food prices, and greater food insecurity. Even writing mid-2024, a paucity of data impedes a full assessment of how the underlying global market shocks may have affected farmers and food production around the world. Using proxy indicators for fertilizer demand and farm profitability, we find that despite the steep increase in input costs, global demand for fertilizer fell only modestly during the 2022–2023 crop cycle, suggesting many (commercial) farmers were able and willing to absorb increased input costs in the context of generally good harvest prospects and, at the time, high crop prices. However, we also find the fertilizer price spikes have not been felt equally, with many farmers in Africa estimated to have been affected more adversely, even though with varied impacts also amongst those farmers.

引用次数: 0

Fertilizer and conflicts: Evidence from Myanmar

IF 6.8 1区经济学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Food Policy

Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2024.102786

Hiroyuki Takeshima , Bart Minten , Joanna van Asselt , Isabel Brigitte Lambrecht , Ian Masias , Joseph Goeb , Zin Wai Aung , May Thet Htar

The number of farmers residing in fragile and conflict-affected countries is rising globally, yet the impacts of conflict on the economics of inorganic fertilizer in these settings remain poorly understood. We study how conflicts in Myanmar, combined with global fertilizer market disruptions, have affected inorganic fertilizer prices, use, response, and efficiency. We utilize unique nationally representative household panel survey data and a comprehensive approach that employs various analytical methods to examine the nexus between conflicts and fertilizer-related issues. Our findings reveal that greater intensity of violent events is associated with higher prices of major types of inorganic fertilizer, particularly in areas farther from major import locations. These price changes and increases in violent events have suppressed both the likelihood and quantity of inorganic fertilizer usage, leading to decreased rice yield responses at given nitrogen application levels. Panel stochastic frontier analyses, combined with a method addressing the endogeneity of inorganic fertilizer use, suggest a significant decline in fertilizer use efficiency each year since the onset of conflict. The increase in violent events is also associated with the reduced use of extension services, seeds from markets, irrigation, and optimal fertilizer blends, which may partly explain the diminished returns and efficiency of inorganic fertilizer use. Conflict therefore seems to be associated with a change in the economics of inorganic fertilizer use through various impact channels, affecting agricultural performance in these fragile and conflict-affected settings.

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引用次数: 0

Fertilizer demand and profitability amid global fuel-food-fertilizer crisis: Evidence from Ethiopia

IF 6.8 1区经济学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Food Policy

Pub Date : 2024-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2024.102785

Thomas W. Assefa, Guush Berhane, Gashaw T. Abate, Kibrom A. Abay

We assess fertilizer demand and profitability in Ethiopia in the face of the recent global fuel–food–fertilizer price crisis and other domestic shocks. We first examine farmers’ response to changes in both fertilizer and food prices by estimating price elasticity of demand. We then evaluate the profitability of fertilizer by computing average value–cost ratios (AVCRs) associated with fertilizer application before and after these crises. We use detailed longitudinal household survey data collected in three rounds, covering both pre-crisis (2016 and 2019) and post-crisis (2023) production periods, focusing on three main staple crops in Ethiopia (maize, teff, and wheat). Our analysis shows that fertilizer adoption, and yield levels were increasing until the recent crises, but these trends have been halted by these crises. We also find slightly larger fertilizer price elasticity of demand estimates than previous estimates, ranging between −0.40 and −1.12, which vary across crops. We find that farmers are more responsive to fertilizer prices than to output prices. Farmers’ response to increases in staple prices was statistically insignificant and hence not as strong as theoretically perceived. Households with smaller farm sizes are relatively more responsive to changes in fertilizer prices. Finally, we show important dynamics in the profitability of chemical fertilizer. While the AVCRs show profitable trends for most crops, the share of farmers with profitable AVCRs declined following the fertilizer price surges. Our findings offer important insights for policy focusing on mitigating the adverse effects of fertilizer price shocks.

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引用次数: 0

The Information Value of Geographical Indications 地理标志的信息价值

IF 6.8 1区经济学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Food Policy

Pub Date : 2024-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2024.102769

Marco Costanigro , Magalie Dubois , Azucena Gracia , Jean-Marie Cardebat

We conduct laboratory experiments in Spain (N = 148) and France (N = 143) simulating a wine shopping experience in which participants choose between four wines in a limited information environment, and access to Geographical Indication (GI) information, winery names, and expert review scores are “purchased” in multiple price listing elicitation sessions. Data analysis leverages the sequential nature of the rounds, experimental treatments, and a wine knowledge questionnaire to investigate the hierarchical structure and level of redundancy between alternative information sources, the role played by wine prices, and previously acquired expertise. We estimate that the average value of accessing GI information in a pre-purchase scenario lies between EUR 0.33 (Spain) and EUR 0.37 (France) for each purchasing occasion, and expert reviews provide a similar level of information. These findings are consistent across different price segments (high: €13-€17 vs. low: €4-€7). Firm names have lower average valuation but are more useful to high-knowledge consumers. GIs, firm names, and expert reviews are found to be imperfect substitutes, suggesting that GIs capture elements of both horizontal and vertical differentiation. The discussion is structured along three main thematic areas of contribution: the role of GIs as signals of quality, the extant literature studying how consumers interpret quality signals, and the contrast between our findings and the modeling assumption adopted in the GI theoretical literature.

我们在西班牙（N = 148）和法国（N = 143）进行了实验室实验，模拟了一种葡萄酒购物体验，在这种体验中，参与者在有限的信息环境中从四种葡萄酒中进行选择，并在多个价格表引出会话中“购买”地理标志（GI）信息、酒庄名称和专家评论分数。数据分析利用轮次的顺序性质、实验处理和葡萄酒知识问卷来调查不同信息来源之间的层次结构和冗余程度、葡萄酒价格所起的作用和先前获得的专业知识。我们估计，在预购场景中访问GI信息的平均价值在每次购买场合的0.33欧元（西班牙）和0.37欧元（法国）之间，专家评论提供了类似水平的信息。这些发现在不同的价格区间是一致的（高：13- 17欧元，低：4- 7欧元）。公司名称的平均估值较低，但对高知识消费者更有用。地理标志、公司名称和专家评论被发现是不完美的替代品，这表明地理标志捕获了水平和垂直分化的元素。讨论围绕三个主要的主题领域进行：地理标志作为质量信号的作用，研究消费者如何解释质量信号的现有文献，以及我们的研究结果与地理标志理论文献中采用的建模假设之间的对比。

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引用次数: 0

Consumer Preferences for Low-Methane Beef: The Impact of Pre-Purchase Information, Point-of-Purchase Labels, and Increasing Prices 消费者对低甲烷牛肉的偏好：购买前信息、购买点标签和价格上涨的影响

IF 6.8 1区经济学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Food Policy

Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2024.102768

Kelly A. Davidson , Brandon R. McFadden , Sarah Meyer , John C. Bernard

Cattle production is estimated to be the largest methane (CH₄) emitter associated with consumer demand in the United States of America (U.S.). With a national commitment to reducing methane emissions by 30% before 2030, methane-reducing additives (MRAs) in livestock feed are being explored as a viable solution. This study investigated consumer preferences for low-methane ground beef produced using one of three MRAs with varying levels of methane mitigation: Aspagopsis taxiformis (seaweed), the organic compound 3-nitroxypropanol (3NOP), or a blend of essential oils (e.g. garlic extract and citrus). In a nationally representative survey, 3,009 respondents completed a labeled discrete choice experiment used to estimate preferences, WTP, and market shares for conventional and low-methane ground beef. Randomized groups were given pre-purchase information about methane emissions from beef production and point-of-purchase labels communicating the methane reduction levels for each MRA. Given the contemporaneous rise in beef prices, respondents were randomized between a low and high-price group to examine the sensitivity of results. While conventional ground beef was generally preferred, consumer WTP and average market shares for the seaweed MRA product (the MRA with the highest methane reduction potential) surpassed conventional beef for the group that received pre-purchase and point-of-purchase information. Information added more utility and was more effective in the low-price group. Government policies that incentivize the adoption of a seaweed MRA could aid in meeting climate goals.

据估计，养牛业是美利坚合众国（U.S. ）与消费需求相关的最大甲烷（CH4）排放者。随着国家承诺在 2030 年前将甲烷排放量减少 30%，甲烷减排添加剂（MRA）作为一种可行的解决方案正在牲畜饲料中进行探索。本研究调查了消费者对使用三种甲烷减排水平不同的 MRA 之一生产的低甲烷碎牛肉的偏好：这三种 MRA 分别是：Aspagopsis taxiformis（海藻）、有机化合物 3-nitroxypropanol (3NOP) 或混合精油（如大蒜提取物和柑橘）。在一项具有全国代表性的调查中，3,009 名受访者完成了一项标签离散选择实验，该实验用于估算传统碎牛肉和低甲烷碎牛肉的偏好、WTP 和市场份额。随机分组在购买前获得了牛肉生产过程中甲烷排放的相关信息，并在购买点获得了宣传每种 MRA 甲烷减排水平的标签。鉴于当时牛肉价格上涨，受访者被随机分为低价组和高价组，以考察结果的敏感性。虽然消费者普遍倾向于传统的碎牛肉，但在获得购买前和购买点信息的群体中，海藻 MRA 产品（甲烷减排潜力最高的 MRA）的消费者 WTP 和平均市场份额超过了传统牛肉。在低价组中，信息的作用更大，效果更好。鼓励采用海藻 MRA 的政府政策有助于实现气候目标。

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Expanding the phytosanitary exclusion zone for Mexican avocados: Market impacts and unintended consequences 扩大墨西哥鳄梨的植物检疫禁区：市场影响和意外后果

IF 6.8 1区经济学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Food Policy

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2024.102738

Irvin Rojas , K. Aleks Schaefer

Due to phytosanitary concerns, the U.S. has historically only allowed the importation of avocados from one Mexican state—Michoacán. In Michoacán, avocados have become a source of cartel conflict and violence. In August 2022, authorized shipments of avocados from an additional Mexican state – Jalisco – were allowed to enter the U.S. This research investigates the market impacts and unintended consequences of expanding the phytosanitary exclusion zone for Mexican avocados. We find that expansion of the phytosanitary exclusion zone was unequivocally beneficial from the perspective of U.S. avocado users and consumers. However, economic outcomes in the Mexican market are more nuanced, and temporal relationships suggest expansion of the phytosanitary exclusion zone may have affected cartel-related activity both in Michoacán and Jalisco.

出于植物检疫的考虑，美国历来只允许从墨西哥的一个州--米却肯州进口鳄梨。在米却肯州，鳄梨已成为卡特尔冲突和暴力的根源。2022 年 8 月，来自墨西哥另一个州--哈利斯科州的经授权的牛油果货物获准进入美国。本研究调查了扩大墨西哥牛油果植物检疫禁区对市场的影响和意外后果。我们发现，从美国牛油果用户和消费者的角度来看，扩大植物检疫禁区无疑是有益的。然而，墨西哥市场的经济结果更加细致入微，时间关系表明，植物检疫隔离区的扩大可能影响了米却肯州和哈利斯科州与卡特尔有关的活动。

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