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Life cycle assessment as tool for realization of sustainable development goals - towards sustainable future of the world: mini review 生命周期评估作为实现可持续发展目标的工具-迈向世界可持续未来:小型审查
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-03-30 DOI: 10.32933/ACTAINNOVATIONS.38.5
J. Bojarska, Patrycja Złoty, W. Wolf
“One planet, one main goal: good life for all”: it could be a motto of sustainable world. Sustainability is global mega trend in all fields of life to promote prosperity protecting our planet. Sustainable development is a requirement and a priority for all people all over the world. It is defined as development of the current world with a view to the future generations. In 2015, the UN Member States established Agenda 2030, including seventeen “Sustainable Development Goals”, SDG, which should be realized by 2030. Objectives scope all areas of life, namely quality of human life, ecosystem, world peace or partnerships. Each goal has an environmental context. According to the “United Nations Environment Program” (UNEP), Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a perfect method in the context of the environmental dimensions of the SDGs. The concept not only concerns the effects of the process/production system or the product/service but also all stages of its life (from cradle to grave), considering the carbon, environmental, consumer or biodiversity footprints. LCA is the only comprehensive eco-innovation indicator and policy implementation technique of sustainable development in companies in terms of eco-efficiency and eco-products. This mini review provides a survey of the current state of knowledge on sustainability and sustainable development as well as the relevance of new holistic methodology bridging SDGs with LCA, on the base of the newest scientific worldwide literature.
“一个星球,一个主要目标:人人享有美好生活”:这可能是可持续发展世界的座右铭。可持续发展是全球生活各个领域的大趋势,旨在促进繁荣,保护我们的地球。可持续发展是全世界所有人的要求和优先事项。它被定义为为了子孙后代而发展当前世界。2015年,联合国会员国制定了《2030年议程》,其中包括17项“可持续发展目标”,即可持续发展目标,这些目标应在2030年前实现。目标涵盖生活的所有领域,即人类生活质量、生态系统、世界和平或伙伴关系。每个目标都有一个环境背景。根据“联合国环境规划署”(UNEP)的说法,在可持续发展目标的环境层面上,生命周期评估(LCA)是一种完美的方法。该概念不仅涉及工艺/生产系统或产品/服务的影响,还涉及其生命的所有阶段(从摇篮到坟墓),考虑到碳、环境、消费者或生物多样性足迹。从生态效率和生态产品的角度来看,生命周期评价是企业可持续发展的唯一综合生态创新指标和政策实施技术。这篇小型综述根据全球最新的科学文献,对可持续发展和可持续发展的知识现状以及将可持续发展目标与生命周期评价联系起来的新的整体方法的相关性进行了调查。
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引用次数: 6
Determination of selected elements in catalytic converters using Icp-Ms and microwave digestion 用Icp-Ms和微波消解法测定催化转化器中选定元素
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-03-30 DOI: 10.32933/ACTAINNOVATIONS.38.1
Weronika Kieres, G. Pałka, Karolina Łuczak-Zelek, M. Partyka
Fuels combustion, polluting the atmosphere is a side effect of an engines’ work. ncreasing ecological awareness has led to constant pursuit of disposing harmful substances properly. Catalytic converters (car catalysts), containing precious metals from the platinum group, including palladium, platinum and rhodium, have been commonly adopted for this purpose. These critical elements can be found in many raw materials used frequently throughout the economy. Therefore, it is economically viable to retrieve these elements from, among the others, spent catalysts, so they can be reused to manufacture new converters. In order to determine a possible cost of spent car catalyst, it is essential to use the analytical techniques to determine elemental content in any given sample. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) is an example of such a technique. It is nevertheless advisable to use a complementary procedure to confirm any results obtained. A cross-verification technique was developed using inductively coupled plasma mass pectrometry (ICP-MS). This procedure was verified using comparative studies, which confirmed its usefulness and correctness.
燃料燃烧,污染大气是发动机工作的副作用。生态意识的提高促使人们不断寻求妥善处理有害物质。含有铂族贵金属(包括钯、铂和铑)的催化转化器(汽车催化剂)通常用于此目的。这些关键元素可以在整个经济中经常使用的许多原材料中找到。因此,从废催化剂中回收这些元素在经济上是可行的,这样它们就可以重新用于制造新的转化器。为了确定废汽车催化剂的可能成本,必须使用分析技术来确定任何给定样品中的元素含量。X射线荧光光谱(XRF)就是这种技术的一个例子。然而,建议使用补充程序来确认所获得的任何结果。使用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)开发了一种交叉验证技术。该程序通过比较研究进行了验证,证实了其有用性和正确性。
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引用次数: 0
The Role Of Browning Enzymes In Cherries 褐变酶在樱桃中的作用
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-03-30 DOI: 10.32933/ACTAINNOVATIONS.38.2
K. Ruzickova, M. Leitgeb
Cherries contain significant amounts of important nutrients and bioactive food components including fibre, polyphenols, carotenoids, vitamin C, potassium. They are also good source of tryptophan, serotonin, and melatonin. Beside the fact that cherries are considered as an excellent source of numerous nutrients and they also present a low caloric content. These facts lead to their increasing popularity in the human diet. Numerous studies suggest that their regular consumption has a positive effect on health and the well-being of individuals. Another bioactive food components found in cherries are enzymes. The interest in research about enzymes in cherries is not so significant as for other compounds like polyphenols or vitamins. However, number of studies were carried out to characterise enzymes and their function in cherries especially with relation to extending their shelf life. The aim of this work is to give a brief overview of latest research on browning enzymes, softening enzymes and glutathione S-transferase.
樱桃含有大量重要的营养物质和生物活性食品成分,包括纤维、多酚、类胡萝卜素、维生素C和钾。它们也是色氨酸、血清素和褪黑素的良好来源。除此之外,樱桃被认为是众多营养物质的极好来源,而且它们的卡路里含量也很低。这些事实导致它们在人类饮食中越来越受欢迎。许多研究表明,经常食用它们对个人的健康和幸福有积极的影响。樱桃中发现的另一种生物活性食物成分是酶。人们对樱桃中酶的研究兴趣不如对多酚或维生素等其他化合物的研究那么大。然而,人们进行了大量的研究,以表征酶及其在樱桃中的功能,特别是与延长其保质期有关的功能。本文就褐变酶、软化酶和谷胱甘肽s -转移酶的最新研究进展作一综述。
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引用次数: 0
Studies on the influence of Alti5b1 modifier on the structure and properties of alcumg ALLOYS Alti5b1变质剂对铝合金结构和性能影响的研究
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-03-30 DOI: 10.32933/ACTAINNOVATIONS.38.4
W. Ściężor, R. Kowal, K. Franczak, J. Grzebinoga, P. Kwaśniewski, G. Kiesiewicz
New materials used in various industries require sufficiently high mechanical properties, fine-grained structure and ease of metal forming while minimizing production costs. For this reason, work is being carried out to develop new groups of alloys that make it possible to increase the strength of the obtained components while reducing their weight, and thus reducing production costs. This article focuses on two aluminium-based alloys with different content of alloying additives: copper and magnesium i.e., AlCu3Mg3 and AlCu4.5Mg6, which were produced by metallurgical synthesis. The as-cast alloys were characterized for their basic physical, mechanical and electrical properties and were subjected to structural analysis. In the next stage, the alloys were modified with 100, 500, 1000 and 2000 ppm of titanium and then their hardness, electrical conductivity and density were tested. Samples were also subjected to microstructural analysis. The obtained results allowed to examine the evolution of the AlCuMg alloy properties depending on the content of alloy additives and the amount of used modifier.
在各种行业中使用的新材料需要足够高的机械性能、细粒度的结构和易于形成的金属,同时最大限度地降低生产成本。出于这个原因,正在进行开发新的合金组的工作,这些合金组使得能够在降低其重量的同时提高所获得的部件的强度,从而降低生产成本。本文重点研究了两种合金添加剂含量不同的铝基合金:铜和镁,即AlCu3Mg3和AlCu4.5Mg6,它们是通过冶金合成制备的。对铸态合金的基本物理、机械和电学性能进行了表征,并对其进行了结构分析。在下一阶段,用100ppm、500ppm、1000ppm和2000ppm的钛对合金进行改性,然后测试它们的硬度、电导率和密度。还对样品进行了微观结构分析。所获得的结果允许检验AlCuMg合金性能的演变,这取决于合金添加剂的含量和所用改性剂的量。
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引用次数: 0
Spatial planning and the development of renewable energy sources in Poland 波兰的空间规划与可再生能源开发
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-03-29 DOI: 10.32933/actainnovations.39.1
Marta Szyba
Due to the damage to the environment and climate caused by the generation of electricity in power plants burning fossil fuels, installations generating it from renewable energy sources are constructed. Spatial development plans for communes should consider their location. In Poland, generation of electricity in photovoltaic cells, wind farms and agricultural biogas plants has the greatest development potential. Due to the nuisance to people and the environment, wind turbines and agricultural biogas plants must be located far from residential buildings. Such conditions exist in sparsely populated rural areas. The observed development of single-family housing in rural areas is the result of the search for cheap construction sites and no local spatial development plans in most areas of rural communes. Dispersed housing construction restricts the construction of wind farms and agricultural biogas plants and thus poses a threat to renewable sources of wind and biogas energy produced in agricultural biogas plants. The situation may be changed by the requirement to include in spatial development plans the needs related to the construction of installations generating electricity from renewable energy sources and the construction of micro and small biogas plants directly at the sites where waste is generated.
由于燃烧化石燃料的发电厂发电对环境和气候造成了破坏,因此建造了利用可再生能源发电的设施。社区的空间发展计划应考虑其位置。在波兰,光伏电池、风电场和农业沼气厂的发电具有最大的发展潜力。由于对人类和环境造成滋扰,风力涡轮机和农业沼气厂必须远离居民楼。这种情况存在于人口稀少的农村地区。观察到的农村地区独栋住房的发展是由于在农村社区的大多数地区寻找廉价的建筑工地,而没有当地的空间发展计划。分散的住房建设限制了风电场和农业沼气厂的建设,从而对农业沼气厂生产的可再生风能和沼气能源构成威胁。要求在空间发展计划中纳入与可再生能源发电设施建设和直接在产生废物的地点建造微型和小型沼气厂有关的需求,可能会改变这种情况。
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引用次数: 7
Assessing the visual impacts of surface mining: a systematic review 评估露天采矿的视觉影响:系统回顾
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.32933/actainnovations.37.2
M. Menegaki
This paper provides a systematic review of the methodologies used to evaluate the visual impacts of surface mining. The main objectives are: (a) to analyse the scientific literature and identify the most important issues and the methods and tools used; (b) to conduct an analysis using descriptive of statistical methods and qualitative interpretation; and (c) to evaluate the state of knowledge on this particular topic and identify gaps in the literature, to suggest future research directions. The findings of the analysis suggest that there is no single method capable of integrating all dimensions of the landscape and, thus, future research should put more emphasis on incorporating as many factors contributing to the visual impact of mining as possible towards developing holistic approaches.
本文系统地回顾了用于评估露天采矿视觉影响的方法。主要目标是:(a)分析科学文献,确定最重要的问题以及使用的方法和工具;(b) 使用描述性统计方法和定性解释进行分析;以及(c)评估关于这一特定主题的知识状况,找出文献中的空白,提出未来的研究方向。分析结果表明,没有一种单一的方法能够整合景观的所有维度,因此,未来的研究应更加重视纳入尽可能多的有助于采矿视觉影响的因素,以制定整体方法。
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引用次数: 1
Potential contribution of nanotechnolgy to the circular economy of plastic materials 纳米技术对塑料材料循环经济的潜在贡献
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.32933/actainnovations.37.5
M. Distaso
The problem of plastic accumulation in the environment requires the development of effective strategies to shift the paradigm of used plastics from wastes to resources. In the present contribution, after an overview of the current plastic management strategies, the possible role of nanotechnology to this emerging field is considered. In particular, the challenges related to the use of nano-additives to improve the properties of recycled plastics is discussed based on the fundamental aspects of colloid stabilisation. Finally, the contribution of nanotechnology to the fabrication of effective catalysts for the depolymerisation of plastics into the constituent monomers is outlined.
塑料在环境中的积累问题要求制定有效的战略,将废旧塑料的模式从废物转变为资源。在目前的贡献中,在概述了当前的塑料管理策略之后,考虑了纳米技术在这一新兴领域的可能作用。特别是,基于胶体稳定性的基本方面,讨论了与使用纳米添加剂改善再生塑料性能有关的挑战。最后,概述了纳米技术对制造塑料解聚成组成单体的有效催化剂的贡献。
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引用次数: 5
The role of biorefinering research in the development of a modern bioeconomy 生物精炼研究在现代生物经济发展中的作用
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.32933/actainnovations.37.4
P. Manzanares
The current economy system is based in an intensive consumption of fossil fuels in a way that severely compromise future of the planet due to the severe consequences in climate change. In this scenario, the development of flexible and integrated biorefineries to produce biofuels and bioproducts from renewable biomass sources represent a key tool to perform the transition from a petroleum-based economy to a novel bioeconomy that looks for a more efficient and sustainable global development. This article analyses: the significance of biomass sources (such as agricultural and woody crops and residues, agro-food and wood processing industries residues and urban wastes) as feedstocks in the biorefinery, the most relevant biorefinering process technologies of the biochemical and thermochemical conversion pathways that are nowadays under development, and the need of further research and innovation effort to eventually achieve the commercialization and application in the market of the different biorefinery products.
当前的经济体系以化石燃料的密集消费为基础,由于气候变化的严重后果,这种消费严重损害了地球的未来。在这种情况下,开发灵活和综合的生物精炼厂,从可再生生物质来源生产生物燃料和生物产品,是实现从石油经济向新型生物经济转型的关键工具,以寻求更高效和可持续的全球发展。本文分析了生物质来源(如农业和木本作物及其残留物、农业食品和木材加工业残留物以及城市废物)作为生物炼制原料的重要性,目前正在开发的生物化学和热化学转化途径中最相关的生物炼制工艺技术,以及需要进一步的研究和创新,以最终实现不同生物炼制产品的商业化和在市场上的应用。
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引用次数: 71
The critical role of advanced sustainability assessment tools in enhancing the real-world application of biofuels 先进的可持续性评估工具在加强生物燃料的实际应用中的关键作用
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.32933/actainnovations.37.6
M. Tabatabaei, M. Aghbashlo
Sustainability has become of paramount importance in the biofuel industry. Accordingly, various ‎sustainability assessment schemes such as emergy analysis, techno-economic analysis, life ‎cycle ‎assessment, energy accounting, and exergy analysis and its extensions (exergoeconomic, ‎exergoenvironmental, and ‎exergoeconoenvironmental analyses) are being employed increasingly for decision-‎making on biofuel production and consumption systems. In this opinion paper, after classifying ‎and describing biofuel generations, the developed sustainability assessment tools are critically ‎explained, and their pros and cons are discussed. Overall, among the various sustainability assessment approaches introduced so far, exergy-based methods appear to be ‎the most promising tools for developing ‎sustainable biofuel systems. This can be attributed to the fact that the exergy ‎concept is deeply ‎rooted in the well-defined principles of thermodynamics.‎
可持续性已成为生物燃料行业的头等大事。因此,各种可持续性评估方案,如能源分析、技术经济分析、生命周期评估、能源会计、能源分析及其扩展(能源经济分析、能源环境分析和能源经济环境分析)正越来越多地用于生物燃料生产和消费系统的决策制定。在这篇意见论文中,在分类和描述了生物燃料的世代之后,对开发的可持续性评估工具进行了批判性的解释,并讨论了它们的优缺点。总的来说,在目前介绍的各种可持续性评估方法中,基于能源的方法似乎是开发可持续生物燃料系统最有前途的工具。这可以归因于这样一个事实,即火能概念深深植根于定义良好的热力学原理
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引用次数: 9
Exploring the factors influencing energy efficiency in the Greek hotel sector 探讨影响希腊酒店业能源效率的因素
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.32933/actainnovations.37.1
C. Tourkolias, A. Kontogianni, D. Damigos, M. Skourtos
The current paper aims at enhancing the existing literature of studies discussing the parameters, which formulate the phenomenon of the energy efficiency gap in hotels. Specifically, the obtained outcomes, as resulted by the conduction of a stated preference survey are presented and discussed. The survey was carried out on a representative sample of hotels in Greece in the context of the “Consumer Energy Efficiency Decision making (CONSEED)” project. Emphasis was given on various issues related to the energy efficiency gap, such as the impact of EU labelling scheme, the linkage of the pro-environmental behaviour with the willingness to invest in more energy-efficient technologies and equipment, the lack of information about electricity prices and the imperfect understanding of energy operating costs. The findings of the survey can be used to explain the role of the behaviour in the decision-making procedures for the further promotion of energy efficiency. Theoretical models can be developed with the collected data to examine the energy efficiency gap phenomenon and to quantify the contribution of different factors to its formulation including the calculation of the implicit discount rate. Finally, the design of more effective policies can be supported with the findings of the paper maximizing the private and social benefits, which are associated with the purchase of energy-efficient technologies and equipment in the hotel sector.
本文旨在加强现有的研究文献,讨论形成酒店能效差距现象的参数。具体而言,介绍并讨论了通过进行既定偏好调查所获得的结果。这项调查是在“消费者能效决策”项目的背景下对希腊酒店的代表性样本进行的。与会者强调了与能效差距有关的各种问题,如欧盟标签制度的影响、环保行为与投资于更节能的技术和设备的意愿之间的联系、缺乏电价信息以及对能源运营成本的不完全理解。调查结果可用于解释行为在进一步提高能源效率的决策程序中的作用。可以利用收集的数据建立理论模型,以检验能源效率差距现象,并量化不同因素对其公式的贡献,包括隐含贴现率的计算。最后,论文的研究结果可以支持设计更有效的政策,最大限度地提高私人和社会利益,这与在酒店部门购买节能技术和设备有关。
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引用次数: 3
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Acta Innovations
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