Pub Date : 2018-08-24DOI: 10.11648/j.ajpa.20180604.12
Ola A. Jarab’ah, K. I. Nawafleh
In this paper, the nonconservative systems with second order Lagrangian are investigated using fractional derivatives. The fractional Euler Lagrange equations for these systems are obtained. Then, fractional Hamiltonian for these systems is constructed, which is used to find the Hamilton's equations of motion in the same manner as those obtained by using the formulation of Euler Lagrange equations from variational problems, and it is observed that the Hamiltonian formulation is in exact agreement with the Lagrangian formulation. The passage from the Lagrangian containing fractional derivatives to the Hamiltonian is achieved. We have examined one example to illustrate the formalism.
{"title":"Fractional Hamiltonian of Nonconservative Systems with Second Order Lagrangian","authors":"Ola A. Jarab’ah, K. I. Nawafleh","doi":"10.11648/j.ajpa.20180604.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20180604.12","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the nonconservative systems with second order Lagrangian are investigated using fractional derivatives. The fractional Euler Lagrange equations for these systems are obtained. Then, fractional Hamiltonian for these systems is constructed, which is used to find the Hamilton's equations of motion in the same manner as those obtained by using the formulation of Euler Lagrange equations from variational problems, and it is observed that the Hamiltonian formulation is in exact agreement with the Lagrangian formulation. The passage from the Lagrangian containing fractional derivatives to the Hamiltonian is achieved. We have examined one example to illustrate the formalism.","PeriodicalId":329149,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Physics and Applications","volume":"189 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122351498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-19DOI: 10.11648/j.ajpa.20190703.12
B. Gadjiev, T. Progulova
We study the dynamics of the processes in the small-world networks with a power-law degree distribution where every node is considered to be in one of the two available statuses. We present an algorithm for generation of such network and determine analytically a temporal dependence of the network nodes degrees and using the maximum entropy principle we define a degree distribution of the network. We discuss the results of the Ising discrete model for small-world networks and in the framework of the continuous approach using the principle of least action, we derive an equation of motion for the order parameter in these networks in the form of a fractional differential equation. The obtained equation enables the description of the problem of a spontaneous symmetry breaking in the system and determination of the spatio-temporal dependencies of the order parameter in varies stable phases of the system. In the cases of one and two component order parameters with taken into account major and secondary order parameters we obtain analytical solutions of the equation of motion for the order parameters and determine solutions for various regimes of the system functioning. We apply the obtained results to the description of the processes in the brain and discuss the problems of emergence of mind.
{"title":"Inhomogeneous Coherent States in Small-World Networks: Application to the Brain Networks","authors":"B. Gadjiev, T. Progulova","doi":"10.11648/j.ajpa.20190703.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20190703.12","url":null,"abstract":"We study the dynamics of the processes in the small-world networks with a power-law degree distribution where every node is considered to be in one of the two available statuses. We present an algorithm for generation of such network and determine analytically a temporal dependence of the network nodes degrees and using the maximum entropy principle we define a degree distribution of the network. We discuss the results of the Ising discrete model for small-world networks and in the framework of the continuous approach using the principle of least action, we derive an equation of motion for the order parameter in these networks in the form of a fractional differential equation. The obtained equation enables the description of the problem of a spontaneous symmetry breaking in the system and determination of the spatio-temporal dependencies of the order parameter in varies stable phases of the system. In the cases of one and two component order parameters with taken into account major and secondary order parameters we obtain analytical solutions of the equation of motion for the order parameters and determine solutions for various regimes of the system functioning. We apply the obtained results to the description of the processes in the brain and discuss the problems of emergence of mind.","PeriodicalId":329149,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Physics and Applications","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133356693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-07DOI: 10.11648/j.ajpa.20221001.12
Daming Li
The calculation of force is most difficult part in lattice Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). This lecture gives the details of the force calculation in one-loop Symanzik improved action, Wilson fermion with clover term, asqtad fermion, HISQ fermion, rooted staggered fermion, smeared fermion, staggered Wilson fermion, overlap fermion and domain wall fermion. The even-odd precondition are also considered in these calculations.
{"title":"The Calculation of Force in Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics","authors":"Daming Li","doi":"10.11648/j.ajpa.20221001.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20221001.12","url":null,"abstract":"The calculation of force is most difficult part in lattice Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). This lecture gives the details of the force calculation in one-loop Symanzik improved action, Wilson fermion with clover term, asqtad fermion, HISQ fermion, rooted staggered fermion, smeared fermion, staggered Wilson fermion, overlap fermion and domain wall fermion. The even-odd precondition are also considered in these calculations.","PeriodicalId":329149,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Physics and Applications","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132480013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-26DOI: 10.11648/j.ajpa.20180604.11
Huda A. Ruzuqy, F. Z. Majeed
Nuclear Electric quadrapole moments Q in 58Ni for some selected levels have been investigated and calculated through Nuclear shell model and considering of 56Ni as an inert core with two active neutrons in a model space (2p3/2, 1f5/2 and 2p1/2) and the configuration mixing of the original states is also done. F5Pvh interaction has been utilized as a two body interaction to generate model space vectors with harmonic oscillator potential as a single particle wave function. OXBASH code is used to carry this calculations and the program of Core, Valence, Tassie (CVT) written in FORTRAN go language to calculate the Electric quadrapole moments between excited states themselves. All of these calculations have been carried through model space vectors only. One body density matrix elements (OBDM) for ground and Excited states is calculated in order to carry the calculations using single particle Transition matrix elements between excited states theme selves.
{"title":"Nuclear Electric Quadrapole Moments (Q) in 58 Ni","authors":"Huda A. Ruzuqy, F. Z. Majeed","doi":"10.11648/j.ajpa.20180604.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20180604.11","url":null,"abstract":"Nuclear Electric quadrapole moments Q in 58Ni for some selected levels have been investigated and calculated through Nuclear shell model and considering of 56Ni as an inert core with two active neutrons in a model space (2p3/2, 1f5/2 and 2p1/2) and the configuration mixing of the original states is also done. F5Pvh interaction has been utilized as a two body interaction to generate model space vectors with harmonic oscillator potential as a single particle wave function. OXBASH code is used to carry this calculations and the program of Core, Valence, Tassie (CVT) written in FORTRAN go language to calculate the Electric quadrapole moments between excited states themselves. All of these calculations have been carried through model space vectors only. One body density matrix elements (OBDM) for ground and Excited states is calculated in order to carry the calculations using single particle Transition matrix elements between excited states theme selves.","PeriodicalId":329149,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Physics and Applications","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131509010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On the basis of comparative analysis of electrical properties of silicon doped with sulfur and nickel respectively at temperature range of 1000-1250°C in 50°C increments and after their subsequent thermal annealing at temperature range of 400-950°C together with control samples of silicon doped with sulfur and nickel, it was revealed that impurity centers of sulfur and nickel do not interact with each other in the matrix of silicon. The absence of such interaction is possibly due to the fact that the electronic configuration of the impurity centers of nickel in the crystal lattice of silicon turns out to be in the filled 3d 1 0 state, which gives it the character of an inert gas. In view of the absence of interaction of sulfur and nickel in silicon, it is concluded that electrically neutral chemically bound complexes in silicon are formed between sulfur substitution centers and centers of transition metal atoms.
{"title":"Impurity State of Transition Group Elements in the Silicon Lattice in the Process of Their Interaction with Sulfur","authors":"Sh. I. Askarov, Sharipov Bashirulla, Srazhev Solizhon, Toshboev Tuchi, Salieva Shokhista","doi":"10.11648/J.AJPA.20180603.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJPA.20180603.12","url":null,"abstract":"On the basis of comparative analysis of electrical properties of silicon doped with sulfur and nickel respectively at temperature range of 1000-1250°C in 50°C increments and after their subsequent thermal annealing at temperature range of 400-950°C together with control samples of silicon doped with sulfur and nickel, it was revealed that impurity centers of sulfur and nickel do not interact with each other in the matrix of silicon. The absence of such interaction is possibly due to the fact that the electronic configuration of the impurity centers of nickel in the crystal lattice of silicon turns out to be in the filled 3d 1 0 state, which gives it the character of an inert gas. In view of the absence of interaction of sulfur and nickel in silicon, it is concluded that electrically neutral chemically bound complexes in silicon are formed between sulfur substitution centers and centers of transition metal atoms.","PeriodicalId":329149,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Physics and Applications","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133318501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-01DOI: 10.11648/J.AJPA.20180603.11
Herianto
The rate of penetration has an important role in the success of a drilling operation, this is because if the rate of penetration is not optimum will have an impact on the cost incurred. Some factors that influence the rate of penetration are the weight on bit, rotation per minute and horsepower. Based on the analysis obtained WOB and RPM values are optimum so that optimization is done on horsepower. In this case study the well that will be analyzed is vertical well so that bit’s hydraulic optimization is performed using Bit Hydraulic Horse Power (BHHP) method by adjusting the nozzle size and circulation rate, this method will be optimum if BHHP / HPs ratio is 65%. Evaluation on trajectory 12 ¼ well “SGT-01” field “Tranusa", obtained bit’s hydraulics on the actual conditions at 2657.48 ft - 2723.10 ft depth interval obtained Bit Hydraulic Horse Power (BHHP) of 232.67 hp, Horse Power Surface (HPs) 499.82 hp, Horse Power per Square Inches (HSI) of 1.67 hp / in² and percentage (BHHP / HPs) of 46.55% (<65%) indicating less optimum then optimized hydraulic bit circulation rate optimized to 710 gpm with Horsepower Hydraulic Horse Power (HPH) of 936.47 hp, Horse Power per Square Inches (HSI) of 5.4 hp / in² and percentage (BHHP / HPs) of 65% (already optimum). The final result of the evaluation and optimization of bit hydraulics and the removal of cutting is predicted to increase ROP from 46 fph to 125.66 fph.
钻速对钻井作业的成功与否起着重要的作用，这是因为如果钻速不是最佳的，将对所产生的成本产生影响。影响钻进速度的因素包括钻头重量、每分钟旋转数和马力。通过分析得到了最优的钻压和转速值，从而对马力进行了优化。在本案例中，所分析的井为直井，通过调整喷嘴尺寸和循环速率，采用BHHP(钻头水力马力)方法进行钻头水力优化，当BHHP / HPs比为65%时，该方法最优。对“SGT-01”油田“Tranusa”的12¼井轨迹进行评估，在2657.48 ft - 2723.10 ft深度的实际条件下获得了钻头的水力参数，得到了钻头的水力马力(BHHP)为232.67 hp，表面马力(HPs)为499.82 hp，每平方英寸马力(HSI)为1.67 hp / in²，百分比(BHHP / HPs)为46.55%(<65%)，表明优化后的水力钻头循环速度优化到710 gpm，马力水力马力(HPH)为936.47 hp。每平方英寸马力(HSI)为5.4 hp / in²，百分比(BHHP / HPs)为65%(已达到最佳)。通过对钻头液压系统进行评估和优化，并去除切削齿，预计ROP将从每小时46英里提高到每小时125.66英里。
{"title":"Optimization of Hydraulic Horsepower to Predict the Rate of Penetration","authors":"Herianto","doi":"10.11648/J.AJPA.20180603.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJPA.20180603.11","url":null,"abstract":"The rate of penetration has an important role in the success of a drilling operation, this is because if the rate of penetration is not optimum will have an impact on the cost incurred. Some factors that influence the rate of penetration are the weight on bit, rotation per minute and horsepower. Based on the analysis obtained WOB and RPM values are optimum so that optimization is done on horsepower. In this case study the well that will be analyzed is vertical well so that bit’s hydraulic optimization is performed using Bit Hydraulic Horse Power (BHHP) method by adjusting the nozzle size and circulation rate, this method will be optimum if BHHP / HPs ratio is 65%. Evaluation on trajectory 12 ¼ well “SGT-01” field “Tranusa\", obtained bit’s hydraulics on the actual conditions at 2657.48 ft - 2723.10 ft depth interval obtained Bit Hydraulic Horse Power (BHHP) of 232.67 hp, Horse Power Surface (HPs) 499.82 hp, Horse Power per Square Inches (HSI) of 1.67 hp / in² and percentage (BHHP / HPs) of 46.55% (<65%) indicating less optimum then optimized hydraulic bit circulation rate optimized to 710 gpm with Horsepower Hydraulic Horse Power (HPH) of 936.47 hp, Horse Power per Square Inches (HSI) of 5.4 hp / in² and percentage (BHHP / HPs) of 65% (already optimum). The final result of the evaluation and optimization of bit hydraulics and the removal of cutting is predicted to increase ROP from 46 fph to 125.66 fph.","PeriodicalId":329149,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Physics and Applications","volume":"9 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120844303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper considers the seismic resistance of subterranean hydro constructions of various shapes under the influence of seismic waves. The review is dedicated to the abovementioned issues. Recommendations on increasing seismic resistance of underground hydraulic structures under the action of seismic waves are suggested.
{"title":"Methods for Assessing the Seismic Resistance of Subterranean Hydro Structures Under the Influence of Seismic Waves","authors":"Safarov Ismail Ibrahimovich, Boltayev Zafar Ixtiyorovich","doi":"10.11648/J.AJPA.20180602.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJPA.20180602.14","url":null,"abstract":"The paper considers the seismic resistance of subterranean hydro constructions of various shapes under the influence of seismic waves. The review is dedicated to the abovementioned issues. Recommendations on increasing seismic resistance of underground hydraulic structures under the action of seismic waves are suggested.","PeriodicalId":329149,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Physics and Applications","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126088975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-29DOI: 10.11648/J.AJPA.20180602.13
M. Dhaouadi, M. Jlassi, I. Sta, I. B. Miled, G. Mousdis, M. Kompitsas, W. Dimassi
In this study, copper oxide thin films prepared by the sol–gel method, have been deposed onto glass substrates by the spin coating technique. Our target was to study their properties and improve them for photovoltaic use. These properties were optimized by varying the temperature annealing and the molar concentration of the precursor solutions. The effects of the annealing temperature on the structural and optical properties of the thin films are studied. It was found that the film treated at 550°C shows a higher absorbance. Then by using this optimized temperature, CuO thin films of various molar concentrations, were deposited at the same experimental conditions. The structural analysis by X- ray diffraction (XRD) shows that all the samples are polycrystalline with monoclinic crystal structure. Raman scattering measurements of all thin films confirms the structure of CuO. The optical properties of the films were characterized by UV–Visible–NIR spectrophotometry, which shows that the films show high absorbance in the visible region. Their optical band gap decreases from 3.68 to 2.44 eV when the molar concentration of precursor solutions increases from 0.1 to 0.5 M. The electrical measurements show that the resistivity of the films varies slightly from 84 Ω cm to 124 Ω cm as the molar concentration increases.
{"title":"Physical Properties of Copper Oxide Thin Films Prepared by Sol–Gel Spin–Coating Method","authors":"M. Dhaouadi, M. Jlassi, I. Sta, I. B. Miled, G. Mousdis, M. Kompitsas, W. Dimassi","doi":"10.11648/J.AJPA.20180602.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJPA.20180602.13","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, copper oxide thin films prepared by the sol–gel method, have been deposed onto glass substrates by the spin coating technique. Our target was to study their properties and improve them for photovoltaic use. These properties were optimized by varying the temperature annealing and the molar concentration of the precursor solutions. The effects of the annealing temperature on the structural and optical properties of the thin films are studied. It was found that the film treated at 550°C shows a higher absorbance. Then by using this optimized temperature, CuO thin films of various molar concentrations, were deposited at the same experimental conditions. The structural analysis by X- ray diffraction (XRD) shows that all the samples are polycrystalline with monoclinic crystal structure. Raman scattering measurements of all thin films confirms the structure of CuO. The optical properties of the films were characterized by UV–Visible–NIR spectrophotometry, which shows that the films show high absorbance in the visible region. Their optical band gap decreases from 3.68 to 2.44 eV when the molar concentration of precursor solutions increases from 0.1 to 0.5 M. The electrical measurements show that the resistivity of the films varies slightly from 84 Ω cm to 124 Ω cm as the molar concentration increases.","PeriodicalId":329149,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Physics and Applications","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130180349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-20DOI: 10.11648/J.AJPA.20180602.12
W. Chung, Sang-Hyun Lee
The anti-scatter grid (grid) is a major component of X-ray imaging devices, improving the quality of the image by removing X-rays scattered while passing through the subject. However, problems such as image distortions or increasing the dose of a patient unnecessarily may result if the grid is not suitable for a specific digital x-ray receptor (detector.) Selecting a suitable grid can take significant work and testing due to the wide range of specifications and physical characteristic of both grid and digital imaging x-ray detectors. In order to reduce the time cost and to improve the accuracy of selecting a suitable grid, this study implemented a Monte Carlo simulation for estimating the physical characteristics of the grid and verified the accuracy of the result by comparing with the physical characteristics of the actual grid. For the verification, this study compared the estimated physical characteristics with the measured physical characteristics for ten (10) grids with different specifications. The physical characteristics were measured at RQR (Radiation Qualities in Radiation Beams emerging from the X-ray Source Assembly) 4/6/8/9 of the Radiation conditions and analyzed Transmission of Primary radiation (Tp), Transmission of Total radiation (Tt) and Transmission of Scattered radiation (Ts) of the physical characteristics of the grid. As a result of the analysis, less than 1% average deviation between simulation and physical measurement was observed with all ten (10) grids. The changes of the physical characteristics as the specifications (line density and ratio) of the grid changed were also evaluated, and found to have a Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.998 between simulation and measurements. From the above results, the proposed program in this paper is judged reasonable as a grid physical characteristics prediction program.
{"title":"Study of Monte Carlo Simulator for Estimation of Anti-Scatter Grid Physical Characteristics on IEC 60627:2013-Based","authors":"W. Chung, Sang-Hyun Lee","doi":"10.11648/J.AJPA.20180602.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJPA.20180602.12","url":null,"abstract":"The anti-scatter grid (grid) is a major component of X-ray imaging devices, improving the quality of the image by removing X-rays scattered while passing through the subject. However, problems such as image distortions or increasing the dose of a patient unnecessarily may result if the grid is not suitable for a specific digital x-ray receptor (detector.) Selecting a suitable grid can take significant work and testing due to the wide range of specifications and physical characteristic of both grid and digital imaging x-ray detectors. In order to reduce the time cost and to improve the accuracy of selecting a suitable grid, this study implemented a Monte Carlo simulation for estimating the physical characteristics of the grid and verified the accuracy of the result by comparing with the physical characteristics of the actual grid. For the verification, this study compared the estimated physical characteristics with the measured physical characteristics for ten (10) grids with different specifications. The physical characteristics were measured at RQR (Radiation Qualities in Radiation Beams emerging from the X-ray Source Assembly) 4/6/8/9 of the Radiation conditions and analyzed Transmission of Primary radiation (Tp), Transmission of Total radiation (Tt) and Transmission of Scattered radiation (Ts) of the physical characteristics of the grid. As a result of the analysis, less than 1% average deviation between simulation and physical measurement was observed with all ten (10) grids. The changes of the physical characteristics as the specifications (line density and ratio) of the grid changed were also evaluated, and found to have a Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.998 between simulation and measurements. From the above results, the proposed program in this paper is judged reasonable as a grid physical characteristics prediction program.","PeriodicalId":329149,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Physics and Applications","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129549553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-17DOI: 10.11648/j.ajpa.20180601.15
S. Mohammadi, Alireza Ghayeni, A. Roushan
Coulomb Displacement Energies in mirror nuclei 23 Mg, 23 Na and 47 Cr, 47 V have been calculated using shell model code OXBASH [1] and compared with experimental results. The calculations were carried out in the USD model space with the W Hamiltonian [2]. This code which is based on one of the most applicable nuclear models, the shell model, deals with evaluating energy levels in nuclei. A comparison had been made between computational results in this paper and the available experimental data to test theoretical shell model description of nuclear structure in mirror nuclei. The energy states of mirror nuclei are almost identical, except for the small effects due to Coulomb interaction where the symmetry in being broken. The calculated energy spectrum is in good agreement with the available experimental data.
{"title":"Energy Levels Calculations in 23 Mg/ 23 Na and 47 Cr/ 47 V Mirror Nuclei","authors":"S. Mohammadi, Alireza Ghayeni, A. Roushan","doi":"10.11648/j.ajpa.20180601.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20180601.15","url":null,"abstract":"Coulomb Displacement Energies in mirror nuclei 23 Mg, 23 Na and 47 Cr, 47 V have been calculated using shell model code OXBASH [1] and compared with experimental results. The calculations were carried out in the USD model space with the W Hamiltonian [2]. This code which is based on one of the most applicable nuclear models, the shell model, deals with evaluating energy levels in nuclei. A comparison had been made between computational results in this paper and the available experimental data to test theoretical shell model description of nuclear structure in mirror nuclei. The energy states of mirror nuclei are almost identical, except for the small effects due to Coulomb interaction where the symmetry in being broken. The calculated energy spectrum is in good agreement with the available experimental data.","PeriodicalId":329149,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Physics and Applications","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126451401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：