Annals of Nigerian Medicine最新文献

{"title":"A 17-year-old of Nigerian girl with Sydenham chorea: A case report and review of literature","authors":"E. Ezunu, C. Njoku","doi":"10.4103/0331-3131.163332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0331-3131.163332","url":null,"abstract":"This is a 17-year-old Nigerian girl who had a history of a sore throat for 8 weeks and persistent fever, associated with central chest pain, abnormal fidgety movement of the body and fleeting joint pain. The diagnosis of Sydenham chorea was made due to the additional finding of positive anti-streptolysin O titer. Sydenham chorea is a neuropsychiatric disorder that is characterized by abnormal body movement, associated with mood and behavioral changes. It is an autoimmune disease that occurs following an infection with M serotype of Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection that is prevalent in our environment. However, Sydenham chorea which is one of its manifestations is still rare in our environment, hence the need for literature review.","PeriodicalId":331118,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nigerian Medicine","volume":"129 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120930031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: Management challenges in resource-limited settings","authors":"Mukhtar Abdulmajid Adeiza","doi":"10.4103/0331-3131.100196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0331-3131.100196","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":331118,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nigerian Medicine","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116569728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipid abnormalities: A case study of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria","authors":"S. Akuyam, P. Anaja, H. Isah, I. Aliyu, R. Yusuf","doi":"10.4103/0331-3131.73869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0331-3131.73869","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Abnormal lipid levels, especially elevated total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) and decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), contribute additional risk to patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and coronary heart disease (CHD). Reports on the pattern of lipid profile abnormality in blacks are scanty and inconsistent. The aim of the present study has been to carry out a retrospective analysis of lipid profile investigation in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH), Zaria. Materials and Methods : A total of 448 patients with different disease conditions, such as type II DM, CHD, renal disorders, liver diseases and other abnormalities, who were referred to the chemical pathology laboratory from various clinics and hospitals for lipid profile analysis were assessed. The subjects were made up of 312 (69.67%) males and 136 (30.33%) females. The mean age for the total (combined males and females) was 58 (ranged 45-72) years and the mean age values for males and females were 62 (ranged 51-73) and 53 (ranged 35-65) years respectively. Results : The results show that abnormal lipid profile was found in 51 (11.38%) patients who were consisted of 33 (67.71%) males and 18 (35.29%) females. These also consisted of 35 (68.63%) patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD), 5 (9.80%) patients with type II diabetes mellitus (DM) and 11 (21.57%) patients with other clinical conditions such as liver and renal diseases. Hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia alone were observed in 8 and 15 patients respectively. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were elevated in 11 patients. Thirty six (36) patients had reduced levels of HDL-C only, with concomitant high levels of TC/HDL-C ratio. Combined hyperlipidemia was observed in only five patients. The results revealed that abnormal lipid profile pattern was higher in patients with CVD (68.60%) than in other cases. Conclusion : The results of the present study demonstrate that low HDL-C levels seemed to be more prevalent in this population. This report could contribute to the ongoing work on lipid research in Nigeria and the world at large.","PeriodicalId":331118,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nigerian Medicine","volume":"89 8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132622158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Familial renal tubular acidosis: Report of two cases from a single family","authors":"Alina Naeem, M. Kiblawi, Subhranshu Sekhar Kar, E. Ahmed, S. Mossad, B. Manjunatha Goud","doi":"10.4103/0331-3131.163334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0331-3131.163334","url":null,"abstract":"Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is a disease that occurs when the kidneys fail to excrete acids into the urine, as a result of which the person′s blood remains very acidic. Without proper treatment, chronic acidity of the blood leads to chronic kidney disease, kidney stones, metabolic bone disease, and growth failure. These are relatively rare inherited renal tubular disorders. We report two cases from a single family with distal RTA (dRTA) or Type 1 RTA presenting with varied clinical manifestations. Sensorineural deafness, which is rarely associated with dRTA, was present in the elder sibling.","PeriodicalId":331118,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nigerian Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132635217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of malaria among HIV patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy in Kogi State, North Central Nigeria","authors":"F. Akinbo, Peter Joel Anate, D. Akinbo, R. Omoregie, S. Okoosi, A. Abdulsalami, B. Isah","doi":"10.4103/0331-3131.189802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0331-3131.189802","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Malaria and HIV diseases kill millions of people yearly, and they are the scourges of developing nations. This study was conducted to determine the coinfections of malaria and HIV, and the effect of demographic characters on HIV-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in Kogi State, Nigeria. Methods: Five hundred and eleven participants consisting of 411 (51 males and 360 females) HIV-infected patients on HAART and 100 (8 males and 92 females) apparently healthy HIV-noninfected individuals who served as controls were enrolled in this study. Blood sample was collected from each participant and malaria was diagnosed using the standard procedure. Results: An overall prevalence of 7.8% and 2% of malarial infection was observed in HIV-infected patients on HAART and non-HIV participants, respectively. The prevalence of malaria among HIV patients on HAART differed signifi cantly (P < 0.0001) among the local government councils, with patients from Ogori-Magongo having the least prevalence (0.0%). Age, gender, type of occupation, clinical manifestations, anemia, and CD4+ T-cell count <200 cells/μL affected the prevalence of malarial infection (P < 0.05) in this study. Conclusion: Diagnosis of malaria among HIV patients on HAART is advocated.","PeriodicalId":331118,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nigerian Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133980124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathologist-clinician collaboration: A marriage of necessity toward improving the quality of patient care","authors":"D. Suleiman","doi":"10.4103/0331-3131.163325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0331-3131.163325","url":null,"abstract":"Collaboration between the pathologist and clinician has been found to be indispensable in improving the quality of patient care especially in, but not limited to, the area of cancer management and care.[2] Even though some sort of communication or collaboration exists between pathologists and their clinical colleagues, it is often circumstantial and usually occasioned by clinicopathological discrepancies recognized by the clinician. What is more sinister is the deliberate withholding of pertinent clinical information by the requesting physician who tries to justify this act by claiming that he/she would be preempting the pathologist by giving all the necessary clinical details. This practice is not only frustrating to the pathologist but is also a very dangerous for the patient with potentially enormous medical, legal, and financial consequences.[3,4]","PeriodicalId":331118,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nigerian Medicine","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115548210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A recommendation for primary operative management for low adhesive bowel obstruction","authors":"David Irabor, O. Afuwape","doi":"10.4103/0331-3131.100202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0331-3131.100202","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Our patients who required surgery for adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO) were noticed to have a peculiar association. This link was the type of surgery they had originally, operations in the pelvis or those in which the scars were below the umbilicus. These patients did not improve on conservative management. This study was then undertaken to investigate this trend and to recommend primary surgery for these group of patients, terming them as low ASBO for the purpose of the study. Aims : (1) To show that majority of patients with low adhesive bowel obstruction do not get better on conservative management. (2) To propose surgical operation as the primary management strategy of patients with low adhesive bowel obstruction. Settings and Design : The study is set in the gastrointestinal surgery unit of the University College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan. The hospital is located in Ibadan, the most populous city in West Africa with a population of roughly 2.5 million inhabitants. The UCH Ibadan handles more than 90% of all surgical cases in Ibadan. Materials and Methods : This is a retrospective descriptive study from April 2003 to February 2010 conducted on patients who were admitted on the service of the gastrointestinal surgery unit of the UCH Ibadan, Nigeria, with a diagnosis of ASBO and had surgery for relief of the condition. Admission records, operations registers, and patients′ case files were used in sourcing the data. Demographic indices such as age, sex, and type of previous operation were taken into account. Statistical Analysis : Stata 11.0 statistical software was used. Results : There were 4 male and 17 female patients giving a male: female ratio of roughly 1:4. Their ages ranged from 23 to 60 years. The global mean age was 40 years. The mean age for males was 31.5 years while for the female patients it was 42 years. Previous surgical operations showed that gynecological operations were in the majority (62%), followed by appendicectomy (24%) and colorectal surgery made up the rest (14%). Statistically, female sex, gynecological operations, and Lanz incisions for appendicectomy increase the chances of having surgery to relieve ASBO. Conclusions : We propose primary surgical treatment for low ASBO, especially those from gynecological operations and appendicectomy. Conservative management should be reserved as the initial treatment of non-low-level ASBO until other features prove otherwise.","PeriodicalId":331118,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nigerian Medicine","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115424182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Initial outcome following invasive cardiac electrophysiologic studies and radiofrequency ablation of ventricular tachycardia","authors":"K. Uwanuruochi, Sabari Saravanan, Anita Ganasekar, Benjamin Solomon, Ravikumar Murugesan, Ruchit A Shah, Jaishankar Krishnamoorthy, U. Pandurangi","doi":"10.4103/0331-3131.189799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0331-3131.189799","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cardiac electrophysiologic study (EPS) and radiofrequency (RF) ablation have become an established mode of treatment for patients with refractory arrhythmias. These procedures are carried out regularly at the cardiac catheterization laboratory of Madras Medical Mission India. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate our experience with cardiac EPSs and Radiofrequency ablations (RFAs) of ventricular tachycardia (VT). Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out in the Cardiac Electrophysiology Department of the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Madras Medical Mission, India. All cases diagnosed to have VT following cardiac EPS between January 2010 and April 2014 were selected for the study. The records which were obtained from the Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinical Research Office of Madras Medical Mission were reviewed. One hundred and thirteen cases were chosen for the analysis, using SPSS statistical software version 15. Results: There were 113 patients, comprised 78 males and 35 females. The mean age was 48.79 years. Common etiologic classes of VT were idiopathic outflow tract VT - 50.4%, ischemic heart disease - 20.4%, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ACMP) - 11.5%, and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM) - 12.4%. Ablation was attempted in 92 (82.1%). The initial outcome was highest in IDCM, 87.5%, and least in ACMP, 50.0%. Conclusions: Treatment of VT by RFA is comparatively effective and safe.","PeriodicalId":331118,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nigerian Medicine","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123513102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anaphylactic reaction or anaphylactoid reaction?","authors":"Aparna Williams, Dootika Liddle","doi":"10.4103/0331-3131.84227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0331-3131.84227","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":331118,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nigerian Medicine","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121662240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of integrated disease surveillance and response strategy implementation in selected Local Government Areas of Kaduna state","authors":"A. Abubakar, M. Sambo, S. Idris, K. Sabitu, P. Nguku","doi":"10.4103/0331-3131.119981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0331-3131.119981","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Widespread epidemics of yellow fever and cerebrospinal meningitis across the African sub region in the 1990s were largely attributed to poor surveillance systems which were neither able to detect communicable diseases on time nor mount an effective response. Effective communicable disease control relies on effective response systems which are dependent upon effective disease surveillance. Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response strategy (IDSR) was adopted by the AFRO members of the World Health Organization (WHO) to improve surveillance activities. Aim: This study was conducted to assess IDSR implementation in selected Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Kaduna state. Settings and Design: Kaduna state is located in Northern Nigeria. It shares borders with the states of Sokoto, Katsina, Niger, Kano, Bauchi and Plateau. Based on the 2006 census projections, it has a population of 6.63 million. The study was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Materials and Methods: An interviewer administered questionnaire of an adaptation of the World Health Organization Protocol for the Assessment of National Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response systems was used. Data analysis was carried out using Epi Info statistical package version 3.5.1. Results: About a third of the health facilities (38%) did not have any case definition for the priority diseases. About 76% of the health facilities had electricity available from the National Grid. Seventy one percent have standby generators, out of which 67% were functional. Sixty two percent of health facilities had calculators available for data management while 29% had computers and printers available. No form of data analysis was available in 81% of the health facilities, analysis of data were however available in all 3 LGAs studied. A reporting system was available in 57% of health facilities. Thirteen percent of the health facilities reported receiving feedback from the LGAs. There was no feedback from the state to the LGAs, nor was there feedback from the national to the state level. Conclusion: The implementation of IDSR in Kaduna state is poor. Resources are insufficient and although some structures are present on ground like the presence of reporting mechanism, feedback is poor from the higher to lower levels. Standard case definitions are not used in all health facilities for all priority diseases. Standard case definitions should be made available and used in all health facilities.","PeriodicalId":331118,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nigerian Medicine","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122759114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}