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Prospects for the development of the domestic hotel business and personnel training 对国内酒店业务的发展前景及人才培养进行展望
Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.26425/2309-3633-2023-11-3-15-27
M. A. Zhukova, V. A. Zhukov, O. R. Tsabolova
The purpose of the study is to identify the transformations of working conditions and requirements for hotel staff based on an analysis of current trends in the development of the hotel business and changes in consumer preferences. The methodological basis of the study was the works of Russian scientists and practitioners in the field of hotel services and tourism, as well as on the topic of the peculiarities of the functioning of the domestic hotel business in modern conditions. The subject of the study is the economic relations that arise in the process of functioning of enterprises in the hotel industry, considering current trends and prospects for their development. The article identifies the following main and new challenges facing the hospitality industry as a result of the consequences of the pandemic and the current realities of the international situation: to ensure the widespread digitalization of technological processes and services offered; to pay attention to issues of respect for nature (greening activities); to introduce new types of accommodation means into the practice of domestic business, to take into account changes in consumer requirements and preferences. Based on the analysis of such customer preferences, a conclusion is made about their diversity and inconsistency. It was found that hotel companies are forced to change along with tourists, adapting to their requests and requirements. The development of tourism and hospitality in the digital economy also implies qualitative changes in the training and hiring of personnel. It was revealed that further digitalization, the use of modern software and the use of artificial intelligence in the hotel business will lead to a decrease in routine work in hotels, a reduction in employees and at the same time to the need to improve their qualification level. It is shown that it is advisable to make the choice of optimal software in order to increase the productivity of a hotel enterprise based on the involvement of specialists. Consulting analysts will help to choose from a variety of applications for the hotel business exactly those that will improve the efficiency of a particular customer hotel.
本研究的目的是在分析当前酒店业务发展趋势和消费者偏好变化的基础上,确定酒店员工工作条件和要求的转变。这项研究的方法论基础是俄罗斯在酒店服务和旅游业领域的科学家和从业人员的工作,以及关于现代条件下国内酒店业务运作特点的主题。本研究的主题是酒店业企业在运作过程中产生的经济关系,考虑到当前的趋势和发展前景。文章指出,由于大流行的后果和当前国际形势的现实,酒店业面临以下主要和新的挑战:确保所提供的技术流程和服务的广泛数字化;关注尊重自然的问题(绿化活动);考虑到消费者需求和偏好的变化,在本地业务实践中引入新的住宿方式。通过对顾客偏好的分析,得出顾客偏好的多样性和不一致性。研究发现,酒店公司被迫随着游客的变化而改变,以适应他们的要求和要求。数字经济中旅游业和酒店业的发展也意味着人员培训和雇用方面的质变。据透露,酒店业务的进一步数字化,现代软件的使用和人工智能的使用将导致酒店日常工作的减少,员工的减少,同时需要提高他们的资质水平。研究表明,为了提高酒店企业的生产力,在专家参与的基础上选择最优的软件是可取的。咨询分析师将有助于从酒店业务的各种应用程序中选择那些将提高特定客户酒店效率的应用程序。
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引用次数: 0
East and West: global technological confrontation 东方和西方:全球技术对抗
Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.26425/2309-3633-2023-11-3-109-119
S. S. Belikova, A. V. Belikov
In recent years the technological rivalry between China and the USA has become increasingly intense as both countries compete for dominance in the following promising technological areas: in the creation of artificial intelligence systems, in the production of equipment for 5G generation communication networks, in quantum computing, in the design and manufacture of electric vehicles and in biotechnology research. As China’s economy grows and its technological capabilities expand, the USA is increasingly concerned about the consequences of China’s rapid technological growth for national security, economic competitiveness and for global dominance of the USA. In response to China’s technological rise, the USA has taken a number of steps to restrict China’s access to “sensitive” technologies and protect its own interests. The result of such actions was a complex and dynamic confrontation that has an impact on the future of the global economy and technological innovation. This article examines a retrospective of the relationship between the two most developed economies of the world; studies the factors that led to the digital confrontation; analyzes the potential impact of digital competition on the global economy and also considers the prospects for further development of China and the USA as technological giants of modernity.
近年来,中国和美国之间的技术竞争日益激烈,因为两国在以下有前途的技术领域争夺主导地位:人工智能系统的创建,5G一代通信网络设备的生产,量子计算,电动汽车的设计和制造以及生物技术研究。随着中国经济的增长和技术能力的扩大,美国越来越担心中国快速的技术增长对国家安全、经济竞争力和美国全球主导地位的影响。作为对中国技术崛起的回应,美国采取了一系列措施限制中国获得“敏感”技术,保护自己的利益。这些行动的结果是一种复杂和动态的对抗,对全球经济和技术创新的未来产生了影响。本文回顾了世界上最发达的两个经济体之间的关系;研究导致数字对抗的因素;分析了数字竞争对全球经济的潜在影响,并考虑了中国和美国作为现代性科技巨头的进一步发展前景。
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引用次数: 0
Features and challenges of the modern labor market 现代劳动力市场的特点与挑战
Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.26425/2309-3633-2023-11-3-130-138
G. N. Ryazanova
In recent decades, there has been a dynamic transformation of the socio-economic eco-system, in general and its components in particular. Cardinal changes in the values and motives of economic decisions, the compression of the time continuum of the life cycle of products and enterprises are reflected in the financial and resource market derived from the commodity market. The employer-employee relationship is changing, there are more disagreements, since the requirements of the organization and the expectations of the applicant often differ significantly. Modern employers do not have enough professional competencies of employees, it is important to combine a range of knowledge, skills and personal qualities. The author of this article presents the features of the modern labor market, the results of employers’ research on the demand for specialists. The work methodology is based on scientific research methods of cognition, such as statistical and comparative analyzes, questionnaires and the method of expert assessments, a systematic approach. The study reveals the indispensability of such employees’ qualities as scale and critical thinking, a high level of stress tolerance, the ability to combine the roles of a leader and a team member depending on the task, skills for evaluating large information arrays and digital competencies. The conclusion is formulated about the need for applicants to strengthen not only hard skills, but also to constantly develop soft skills to compete against the challenges of the labor market.
近几十年来,社会经济生态系统,特别是其组成部分发生了动态变化。经济决策的价值观念和动机的根本性变化,产品和企业生命周期的时间连续体的压缩,都反映在从商品市场衍生出来的金融和资源市场上。雇主与雇员的关系是不断变化的,有更多的分歧,因为组织的要求和申请人的期望往往有很大的不同。现代雇主没有足够的专业能力的员工,重要的是要结合一系列的知识,技能和个人素质。本文介绍了现代劳动力市场的特点,以及用人单位对专业人才需求的研究结果。工作方法论是以科学的认知研究方法为基础,采用统计比较分析、问卷调查和专家评估等方法,形成系统的方法。该研究揭示了这些员工素质的不可或缺性,如规模和批判性思维、高水平的压力承受能力、根据任务将领导者和团队成员的角色结合起来的能力、评估大型信息阵列的技能和数字能力。结论是,申请人不仅需要加强硬技能,还需要不断发展软技能,以应对劳动力市场的挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Modern approaches to digital product development in the conditions of market variability 市场变化条件下数字产品开发的现代方法
Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.26425/2309-3633-2023-11-3-120-129
E. V. Vasilieva, E. A. Morev
Currently, the interest in design thinking in the world has made it possible to add many techniques and visual schemes that can solve various kinds of problems, including for building a strategy to achieve the company’s goals, its corporate spirit and the development of creative skills of its employees. Already today, it is possible to call the merit of design thinking the shift of emphasis in corporate goals to customer orientation, to the mobilization of collective intelligence to solve problems, to understanding the importance of empathy, creativity and entrepreneurship. A comparative analysis of existing design thinking frameworks is given, including from researchers of companies and design centers such as Hasso Plattner Institute of Design at Stanford University (d.school), The HPI-Stanford Design Thinking Research Program, Stanford d.school’s Design Thinking framework (IDEO), Google, Intel. Frameworks structure the process of design thinking in 5-6 phases: from empathy, when the needs and requests of consumers are studied, to testing an innovative product or service being created. The place of “design thinking” approach in the general concept of human-centered design is shown. The task of design thinking, the development of innovative products or services focused on human needs, is to provide a solution to a specific problem of a certain target audience. The paper outlines the principles of designing a digital innovative product. The five steps of designing a new product are described and the features of using various visualization techniques are given. The study uses such tools as the “Persona” model, Job Stories and User Stories frameworks. The creating process features of an innovative product based on the integration of design thinking, Lean Startup methodology and the theory of Jobs to Be Done are described. The life cycle of the innovation development “Creation – Evaluation – Training” is presented which is based on the process of validated learning. Changes in the outline of the business model in the lean startup methodology are presented. New segments have been added to the Lean Canvas business model – “Key Partners”, “Key Activities”, “Key Resources”, “Consumer Relations”.
目前,世界上对设计思维的兴趣使得可以添加许多可以解决各种问题的技术和视觉方案,包括建立实现公司目标的战略,企业精神和员工创造性技能的发展。今天,我们已经可以把设计思维的优点称为企业目标的重点转向以客户为导向,转向动员集体智慧来解决问题,转向理解同理心、创造力和企业家精神的重要性。对现有的设计思维框架进行了比较分析,包括来自公司和设计中心的研究人员,如斯坦福大学Hasso Plattner设计研究所(d.school), hpi -斯坦福设计思维研究计划,斯坦福d.school设计思维框架(IDEO),谷歌,英特尔。框架将设计思维的过程分为5-6个阶段:从移情,当消费者的需求和要求被研究时,到测试正在创建的创新产品或服务。说明了“设计思维”方法在以人为本的设计理念中的地位。设计思维的任务是开发以人类需求为中心的创新产品或服务,为特定目标受众的特定问题提供解决方案。本文概述了数字化创新产品的设计原则。描述了新产品设计的五个步骤,并给出了使用各种可视化技术的特点。该研究使用了诸如“人物角色”模型、工作故事和用户故事框架等工具。阐述了基于设计思维、精益创业方法论和待完成工作理论的创新产品的创造过程特征。提出了基于验证学习过程的创新发展生命周期“创造-评价-培训”。提出了精益创业方法论中商业模式大纲的变化。精益画布商业模式中增加了新的部分——“关键合作伙伴”、“关键活动”、“关键资源”、“消费者关系”。
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引用次数: 0
Managerial decisions in syndicated lending 银团贷款的管理决策
Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.26425/2309-3633-2023-11-3-61-68
A. A. Tarasov
The syndicated lending market is one of the main financing sources for the development of the Russian economy. This article is dedicated to the processes managerial decision-making within the framework of syndicated lending transactions by borrowers, lenders and investors. Thanks to the use of market tools, borrowers get the opportunity to form an optimal structure for solving various tasks of corporate finance. Taking into account the adoption of managerial decisions by borrowers, the analysis of the following options for such decisions is presented: the choice of a bank for the role of a credit manager and the appointment of a legal adviser to the borrower. Lenders of syndicated lending transactions, making decisions on participation in transactions in the primary syndicated lending market, use the opportunity to share the specialized risks of syndicated transactions within the syndicate. Decisions that are made by the lenders include determining the commercial terms of participation in a syndicated loan in the primary market and approving these terms in accordance with the bank’s business processes. Investors active in the secondary syndicated lending market form their portfolios by making decisions regarding the following financial parameters of their transactions: the amount of the acquired/assigned interest in the syndicated lending participation and the transaction price. The paper concludes The article concludes that it is important for syndicated lending market participants to make optimal decisions, taking into account the role of market instruments in financing development projects of Russian corporations.
银团贷款市场是俄罗斯经济发展的主要融资来源之一。本文致力于在借款人、贷款人和投资者的银团贷款交易框架内的管理决策过程。由于市场工具的使用,借款人有机会形成最优结构来解决公司融资的各种任务。考虑到借款人所采取的管理决策,本文对这些决策的下列选择进行了分析:选择一家银行担任信贷经理的角色,并为借款人任命一名法律顾问。银团贷款交易的出借人在决定是否参与银团一级贷款市场的交易时,利用这个机会在银团内部分担银团交易的专门风险。贷款人所做的决定包括确定参与一级市场银团贷款的商业条款,并根据银行的业务流程批准这些条款。活跃在二级银团贷款市场的投资者通过对其交易的以下财务参数做出决定来形成他们的投资组合:参与银团贷款的收购/分配权益的数量和交易价格。本文的结论是,考虑到市场工具在俄罗斯企业发展项目融资中的作用,银团贷款市场参与者做出最优决策非常重要。
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引用次数: 0
Transition prospects to sustainable development of the Kamchatka Krai in the Russian Federation 俄罗斯联邦堪察加边疆区向可持续发展过渡的前景
Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.26425/2309-3633-2023-11-3-38-50
M. Yu. Dyakov
The transition to sustainable development remains an urgent task both at the national and regional levels. For the regions of the Far East in Russia this issue is of particular relevance due to the high amount of natural capital they have and the vulnerability of local ecosystems. In the article on the example of one of the regions of the Far East (Kamchatka Krai) possible directions for the transition to a model of sustainable and balanced development are identified. The purpose of this study is to evaluate alternatives for such a transition using simulation tools. In the course of the work a characteristic of the region was presented with the main components’ assessment of natural, human and physical capital. At the same time the definition of a complex regional balance is formulated as a regional projection of sustainability and a space of opportunities for the optimal use of all types of capital. The complex regional balance consists of ecologicaleconomic, ecological-social and socio-economic components. Based on the language of algorithmic networks, a simulation model complex for sustainable balanced development of the region has been developed, on which a series of experiments has been run. The results obtained make it possible to focus on the preferential development of human capital and on the support of innovation as the preferred option for the transition to a model of sustainability and integrated regional balance.
向可持续发展过渡仍然是国家和区域两级的一项紧迫任务。对于俄罗斯远东地区来说,由于这些地区拥有大量的自然资本和当地生态系统的脆弱性,这个问题尤为重要。在关于远东地区之一(堪察加边疆区)的例子的文章中,确定了向可持续和平衡发展模式过渡的可能方向。本研究的目的是使用模拟工具评估这种过渡的替代方案。在工作过程中,提出了该地区的一个特征,主要组成部分是自然、人力和物质资本的评估。与此同时,复杂区域平衡的定义被制定为可持续性的区域预测和最佳利用所有类型资本的机会空间。复杂的区域平衡由生态经济、生态社会和社会经济组成。基于算法网络语言,建立了区域可持续平衡发展的仿真模型,并在此基础上进行了一系列实验。所取得的成果使人们能够把重点放在优先发展人力资本和支持创新上,将其作为向可持续性和综合区域平衡模式过渡的首选办法。
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引用次数: 0
Information policy as a resource for state management 作为状态管理资源的信息策略
Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.26425/2309-3633-2023-11-3-139-148
O. A. Sudorgin, V. G. Ivanov, V. F. Nitsevich, O. A. Nesterchuk
This article examines the multifaceted nature of information policy and the key role played by various social institutions in its formation and implementation. It also explores the participation of political parties, movements and associations of citizens as key actors responsible for the formation and implementation of information policy. In addition, the authors analyze the significant influence of political parties on state power in matters of information policy, citing examples from such modern countries as Russia and the United States. The enduring importance of political parties as vital social institutions is recognized, their role in the information space and their impact on society when coming to power are discussed. The mechanisms of relations between the institutions of state power and the mass media are studied, and their characteristics are given, taking into account the interests of both sides in the field of modern communications. The main directions of using public relations for political reasons by governing bodies are highlighted, taking into account the increased expectations of social responsibility, activity and consciousness on the part of other participants in the political process and civil society. The effective management of the process of institutionalization of information policy is considered.
本文考察了信息政策的多面性,以及各种社会机构在信息政策的形成和实施中所起的关键作用。它还探讨了政党、运动和公民协会作为负责形成和执行信息政策的关键行动者的参与。此外,作者还分析了政党在信息政策方面对国家权力的重大影响,并引用了俄罗斯和美国等现代国家的例子。认识到政党作为重要社会机构的持久重要性,讨论了它们在信息空间中的作用以及上台后对社会的影响。考虑到双方在现代传播领域的利益,研究了国家权力机构与大众传媒之间的关系机制,并给出了它们的特征。考虑到政治进程和民间社会的其他参与者对社会责任、活动和意识的期望有所增加,强调了理事机构为政治原因利用公共关系的主要方向。考虑了信息政策制度化过程的有效管理。
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引用次数: 0
Market ranking of successful digital business models 成功的数字化商业模式的市场排名
Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.26425/2309-3633-2023-11-3-78-96
A. L. Denisova, A. N. Lopatnikov, A. Yu. Rumyantsev
The transition from industrial to service economy resulted in a wider adoption of asset-light strategies and technology-enabled business models. In the last ten years, digital companies have ascended to the top of the most valuable firms lists. Various aspects of digital business models have been exhaustively discussed in management literature, but their economic dimension remains under-researched.We analyze how strategy and business model add value and propose using historical volatility of valuation multiples for ranking companies by the degree of investors’ understanding of a firm’s strategy and business model in addition to ratings of companies by market capitalization. This ranking, in our view, is particularly helpful in analyzing business models of digital companies where most of the value is in intangible assets and economic goodwill. We also propose a way of expanding this research topic in the future.
从工业经济到服务经济的转变导致了轻资产战略和技术驱动型商业模式的广泛采用。在过去的十年里,数字公司已经上升到最有价值公司榜单的首位。数字商业模式的各个方面已经在管理学文献中进行了详尽的讨论,但其经济层面的研究仍然不足。我们分析了战略和商业模式如何增加价值,并建议使用估值倍数的历史波动率,根据投资者对公司战略和商业模式的理解程度,以及根据市值对公司进行评级,对公司进行排名。在我们看来,这个排名对分析数字公司的商业模式特别有帮助,因为这些公司的大部分价值是无形资产和经济商誉。并提出了今后拓展研究课题的思路。
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引用次数: 0
The perfectionism principle in the representation of corporate achievements (based on the annual reports’ material of industrial companies) 企业业绩表现中的完美主义原则(基于工业企业年报材料)
Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.26425/2309-3633-2023-11-3-97-108
Yu. A. Filyasova
The article considers the verbal representation elements of perfectionism in annual reports. The study is intended to analyze the perfectionist principle as an integral annual reports’ characteristic of companies with high rating positions. The material for the research consisted of 2.882 contextual uses of keywords with the superlative semantics – “best”, “maximum”, “high”, as well as those with the meaning of progressive development – “increase”, “improvement”, “upgrading”, “growth”, which reflect the semantics of the concept “perfectionism” and characterize the companies’ own activity. The research was conducted with the following methods: continuous sampling in the reports’ documents on the listed keywords, semantic selection, quantitative analysis, contextual analysis, semantic classification, data comparison. On average the coefficient of the presence of perfectionism elements in the volume of annual reports varies from 0.66 to 2.15. The data obtained can be considered high, given that many report pages contain numerical and illustrative data. Among the studied contextual uses, the most frequent were words with broader semantics: “increase”, “high”, “best”, “increase”, which can be used both from the standpoint of performance and from the point of view of the process of performing production activities. The usage of the keywords has a systemic character as it embraces all types of companies’ activities: the increase of the ecological and corporate social responsibility levels; business process improvement; product quality enhancement; the board of directors’ activity improvement, the increase in profits and company value, and some others. The perfectionism principle is oriented to maintaining long-term relationships with external and internal categories of users by ensuring that the performance of activities meets the expectations of interested groups of users.
本文研究了年度报告中完美主义的语言表征因素。本研究旨在分析完美主义原则作为高评级公司年报的整体特征。研究材料包括2.882个具有最高级语义的关键词——“最佳”、“最大”、“高”,以及具有渐进式发展意义的关键词——“增加”、“改进”、“升级”、“增长”,这些关键词反映了“完美主义”概念的语义,并具有公司自身活动的特征。研究采用以下方法:对所列关键词进行连续抽样、语义选择、定量分析、语境分析、语义分类、数据比较。平均而言,年度报告数量中完美主义因素存在的系数从0.66到2.15不等。获得的数据可以被认为是高的,因为许多报告页面包含数值和说明性数据。在研究的语境用法中,最常见的是具有更广泛语义的词:“增加”、“高”、“最好”、“增加”,这些词既可以从性能的角度使用,也可以从执行生产活动的过程的角度使用。关键词的使用具有系统性,因为它涵盖了公司所有类型的活动:生态和企业社会责任水平的提高;业务流程改进;提高产品质量;董事会活动的改善,利润和公司价值的增加等等。完美主义原则旨在通过确保活动的表现符合感兴趣的用户群体的期望,来维持与外部和内部用户类别的长期关系。
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引用次数: 0
Machine-tool industry retrospective analysis in member countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States 独联体成员国机床工业回顾分析
Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.26425/2309-3633-2023-11-3-28-37
M. M. Shailieva, K. N. Sergeeva
The article examines the dynamics of machine tool production in the countries of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and post-Soviet states from the standpoint of statistical science. In the course of the work a data was obtained, the tabular and graphical presentation of which made it possible to identify certain periods of time in the machine tool industry of the USSR and the Commonwealth of Independent States (including the Baltic states), characterized by different dynamics and production structure in individual states. The initial stage of development fell on the territory of modern Russia, but during the years of the existence of the USSR, a number of machine-tool industries were opened in the Union Republics. This gave impetus to industrial development on the periphery of the Soviet state, and by the time the domestic machine tool industry flourished in the late 1970s, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic accounted for less than half of the all-Union output. However, after 1978 there was a significant decline in the dynamics of production in the industry. And after the collapse of the country there is almost complete destruction of the machine-tool industry on the territory of the countries of the former USSR. The results obtained in the course of the study can be useful in scientific and practical activities in assessing the current situation, as well as prospects for the production and consumption of machine tools in the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States, including Ukraine and the Baltic states.
本文从统计科学的角度考察了苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟(苏联)和后苏联国家的机床生产动态。在工作过程中,获得了一组数据,这些数据以表格和图形形式呈现,从而可以确定苏联和独立国家联合体(包括波罗的海国家)机床工业的某些时期,这些时期的特点是各个国家的动态和生产结构不同。发展的最初阶段落在现代俄罗斯的领土上,但在苏联存在的几年里,在联盟共和国开设了一些机床工业。这推动了苏联外围国家的工业发展,到20世纪70年代末国内机床工业蓬勃发展时,俄罗斯苏维埃联邦社会主义共和国的产量不到整个苏联的一半。然而,1978年之后,该行业的生产动态显著下降。在国家崩溃之后,前苏联国家领土上的机床工业几乎完全被摧毁。在研究过程中获得的结果可用于科学和实际活动,以评估独立国家联合体各国,包括乌克兰和波罗的海国家的机床生产和消费的现状和前景。
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引用次数: 0
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Upravlenie
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