Pub Date : 1995-04-07DOI: 10.1109/SBEC.1995.514479
P.A. Williams, S. Saha
Discusses the potential development and use of mathematical models in the design of assistive devices for individuals with disabilities. The man-machine or input interface between an individual with a disability and an assistive device was explored and modeled. An empirical lumped model used in the design of aircraft and automotive control systems was examined as an approach to the input-interface model. Advantages of this type of model along with an example of its application to a set of experimental data are discussed. Limitations of the present model, other types of models, and future directions as applied to rehabilitation engineering design are presented. In conclusion, the ability to utilize models in rehabilitation design can aid in the design process resulting in better, more efficient devices.
{"title":"Modeling of the input-interface between an assistive device and an individual with disabilities","authors":"P.A. Williams, S. Saha","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.1995.514479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.1995.514479","url":null,"abstract":"Discusses the potential development and use of mathematical models in the design of assistive devices for individuals with disabilities. The man-machine or input interface between an individual with a disability and an assistive device was explored and modeled. An empirical lumped model used in the design of aircraft and automotive control systems was examined as an approach to the input-interface model. Advantages of this type of model along with an example of its application to a set of experimental data are discussed. Limitations of the present model, other types of models, and future directions as applied to rehabilitation engineering design are presented. In conclusion, the ability to utilize models in rehabilitation design can aid in the design process resulting in better, more efficient devices.","PeriodicalId":332563,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1995 Fourteenth Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127243028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-04-07DOI: 10.1109/SBEC.1995.514468
S. Robbins, J. McClaran
Summary form only received: Falls in the elderly are a major health issue. A noted gerontologist asserts that elderly humans should wear footwear with hard soles because they optimize proprioceptive input-hence stability. The relations between proprioception and footwear sole properties, however, have never been examined objectively, yet such an examination seems justified because of the potential benefit to the public of footwear optimized for stability. The authors tested the relations between footwear midsole thickness and hardness, and foot position awareness in a sample of 13 older healthy men of mean age 72.6 years (min. 65 years; max. 84 years; SD 4.50). Subjects wore identical shoes except for thickness and hardness of midsole material which approximately spanned the respective ranges found in currently available footwear. The results obtained allow the authors to conclude that midsole hardness and thickness alter proprioception in older men. Further, the authors' data support the notion that footwear with thin-hard soles should be worn by the elderly because they optimize proprioceptive input and stability, and athletic footwear and many modern walking shoes may represent safety hazards for this cohort.
{"title":"Effect of footwear midsole hardness and thickness on proprioception and stability in older men","authors":"S. Robbins, J. McClaran","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.1995.514468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.1995.514468","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only received: Falls in the elderly are a major health issue. A noted gerontologist asserts that elderly humans should wear footwear with hard soles because they optimize proprioceptive input-hence stability. The relations between proprioception and footwear sole properties, however, have never been examined objectively, yet such an examination seems justified because of the potential benefit to the public of footwear optimized for stability. The authors tested the relations between footwear midsole thickness and hardness, and foot position awareness in a sample of 13 older healthy men of mean age 72.6 years (min. 65 years; max. 84 years; SD 4.50). Subjects wore identical shoes except for thickness and hardness of midsole material which approximately spanned the respective ranges found in currently available footwear. The results obtained allow the authors to conclude that midsole hardness and thickness alter proprioception in older men. Further, the authors' data support the notion that footwear with thin-hard soles should be worn by the elderly because they optimize proprioceptive input and stability, and athletic footwear and many modern walking shoes may represent safety hazards for this cohort.","PeriodicalId":332563,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1995 Fourteenth Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126008404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-04-07DOI: 10.1109/SBEC.1995.514467
A. Fendley, M. Marpet, H. Medoff
For pt. I see ibid., p. 158-61 (1995). Falls rank with automobile and firearms as the leading generators of unintentional injury with direct morbidity and mortality costs. Falls are the leading cause of accident-caused mortality in senior citizens. Slips account for a plurality, if not a majority of falls. Heel slips, from which recovery can be difficult, account for the majority of slip-induced falls. To prevent slips, a comprehensive model for the prediction of slip mould be useful. A comprehensive slip-prediction model must consider both qualitative and quantitative factors. Friction alone may not completely predict pedestrian slip propensity or probability. Here, the authors apply ratiometric analysis of the friction parameters explored in pt. I to characterize the friction-related component of a comprehensive slip-prediction model. Subsequent investigation will require experiments to numerically characterize the factors discussed here.
{"title":"The friction-related component of a comprehensive slip-prediction model. II. Use of ratiometric analysis and thresholded dimensionless numbers","authors":"A. Fendley, M. Marpet, H. Medoff","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.1995.514467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.1995.514467","url":null,"abstract":"For pt. I see ibid., p. 158-61 (1995). Falls rank with automobile and firearms as the leading generators of unintentional injury with direct morbidity and mortality costs. Falls are the leading cause of accident-caused mortality in senior citizens. Slips account for a plurality, if not a majority of falls. Heel slips, from which recovery can be difficult, account for the majority of slip-induced falls. To prevent slips, a comprehensive model for the prediction of slip mould be useful. A comprehensive slip-prediction model must consider both qualitative and quantitative factors. Friction alone may not completely predict pedestrian slip propensity or probability. Here, the authors apply ratiometric analysis of the friction parameters explored in pt. I to characterize the friction-related component of a comprehensive slip-prediction model. Subsequent investigation will require experiments to numerically characterize the factors discussed here.","PeriodicalId":332563,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1995 Fourteenth Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134081536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-04-07DOI: 10.1109/SBEC.1995.514481
B. Gupta, V. Kasyanov
The performances of textile composite vascular grafts, specially designed and constructed in this work were investigated. In developing compliant structures, textile threads of two widely different deformative characteristics, one matching nearly those of the elastin and other of the collagen fibres, were selected. The materials used were a polyurethane monofilament yarn with low modulus of elasticity and a bulked polyester multifilament yarn with high modulus of elasticity. Tubular grafts of diameter in the range 4-6 mm were made by a weaving process utilizing a foil ribbon loom. Two types of woven grafts were developed. In the first type (HVGI1), polyester threads of 9 tex linear density were used as warp, and the same polyester and pre-stretched polyurethane (7.8 tex linear density) were used as the weft. In the second variant (HVG-2), pre-stretched polyurethane thread combined with polyester were used as both the warp and the weft threads. The grafts obtained were stretchable and thus compliant in both the transverse and the longitudinal directions. The hydraulic permeability was assessed at fixed pressure of 120 mmHg. The surface and pore characteristics of grafts were examined using a scanning electron microscope. Eight HVG-I hybrid grafts were also implanted in the carotid and femoral regions of mongrel dogs for periods of up to one year. The form of the pulse wave found in the graft, the healing characteristics of the surface and the changes in the mechanical properties as a result of implantation were examined.
{"title":"Design of biomechanically compliant small diameter vascular grafts and their in vitro and in vivo properties","authors":"B. Gupta, V. Kasyanov","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.1995.514481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.1995.514481","url":null,"abstract":"The performances of textile composite vascular grafts, specially designed and constructed in this work were investigated. In developing compliant structures, textile threads of two widely different deformative characteristics, one matching nearly those of the elastin and other of the collagen fibres, were selected. The materials used were a polyurethane monofilament yarn with low modulus of elasticity and a bulked polyester multifilament yarn with high modulus of elasticity. Tubular grafts of diameter in the range 4-6 mm were made by a weaving process utilizing a foil ribbon loom. Two types of woven grafts were developed. In the first type (HVGI1), polyester threads of 9 tex linear density were used as warp, and the same polyester and pre-stretched polyurethane (7.8 tex linear density) were used as the weft. In the second variant (HVG-2), pre-stretched polyurethane thread combined with polyester were used as both the warp and the weft threads. The grafts obtained were stretchable and thus compliant in both the transverse and the longitudinal directions. The hydraulic permeability was assessed at fixed pressure of 120 mmHg. The surface and pore characteristics of grafts were examined using a scanning electron microscope. Eight HVG-I hybrid grafts were also implanted in the carotid and femoral regions of mongrel dogs for periods of up to one year. The form of the pulse wave found in the graft, the healing characteristics of the surface and the changes in the mechanical properties as a result of implantation were examined.","PeriodicalId":332563,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1995 Fourteenth Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference","volume":"5119 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133050591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-04-07DOI: 10.1109/SBEC.1995.514508
J. Karov, M.J. Rocheleau, I. Hinberg, J. Daka, S. Chawla
We studies the surface characteristics and mechanical properties of four brands of poly(ether urethane) feeding tubes incubated for eight weeks at 37/spl deg/C in simulated gastric juice. Surface degradation was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). Changes in mechanical properties were monitored with an Instron tester. All four brands were found to contain an X-ray opaque filler (BaSO/sub 4/ or Bi/sub 2/S/sub 3/). Incubation in the simulated gastric juice caused some surface degradation of three of the brands. This was demonstrated by the presence of small holes from which filler particles had dislodged. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and the elongation at break of Silk tubes were unaffected by the incubation. Incubated Keofeed tubes showed a 12% in elongation at break but no change in UTS. Incubated Entriflex tubes had a 15% lower UTS while their elongation was unaffected.
{"title":"The effect of simulated gastric juice on the surface characteristics and mechanical properties of nasogastric feeding tubes","authors":"J. Karov, M.J. Rocheleau, I. Hinberg, J. Daka, S. Chawla","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.1995.514508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.1995.514508","url":null,"abstract":"We studies the surface characteristics and mechanical properties of four brands of poly(ether urethane) feeding tubes incubated for eight weeks at 37/spl deg/C in simulated gastric juice. Surface degradation was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). Changes in mechanical properties were monitored with an Instron tester. All four brands were found to contain an X-ray opaque filler (BaSO/sub 4/ or Bi/sub 2/S/sub 3/). Incubation in the simulated gastric juice caused some surface degradation of three of the brands. This was demonstrated by the presence of small holes from which filler particles had dislodged. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and the elongation at break of Silk tubes were unaffected by the incubation. Incubated Keofeed tubes showed a 12% in elongation at break but no change in UTS. Incubated Entriflex tubes had a 15% lower UTS while their elongation was unaffected.","PeriodicalId":332563,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1995 Fourteenth Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference","volume":"202 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133067016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-04-07DOI: 10.1109/SBEC.1995.514458
D. Bruley, K. Kang, F. Moussy, T. Wiesner
The authors, who are in Bioengineering at the University of Maryland Baltimore County, are embarking on an exciting experiment in Engineering Education. The Whitaker Foundation has provided funds through its Special Opportunity Awards Program to involve M.S. and Ph.D. students in a structured Total Quality Management (TQM) approach to research and development in their thesis and dissertation work. This is a "value-added" program because the students can work on the same micro problems as in traditional graduate research; however, they are required to apply the tools of TQM in a team effort to the issue of customer satisfaction. This prepares the students to fit directly into the new culture that is now evolving in industry, therefore, enhancing employment opportunities. An educational track consists of specially designed courses to develop a knowledge base across the disciplines. The overlap between bioprocess and biomedical engineering is focused on cellular and molecular biology, stressing recombinant DNA technology. Basic bioscience, medical, law, and business students participate in solving the global problems associated with the production of biologicals. In the authors' research effort, the Protein C deficient patient is the target customer. Many interacting problems in basic science, upstream and downstream processing, drug administration and pharmocokinetics are available for interested engineering students. The legal, social, clinical, and business issues are considered as an integral component of bioproduct production and utilization.
{"title":"Engineering education and research: TQM and R&D in bioengineering","authors":"D. Bruley, K. Kang, F. Moussy, T. Wiesner","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.1995.514458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.1995.514458","url":null,"abstract":"The authors, who are in Bioengineering at the University of Maryland Baltimore County, are embarking on an exciting experiment in Engineering Education. The Whitaker Foundation has provided funds through its Special Opportunity Awards Program to involve M.S. and Ph.D. students in a structured Total Quality Management (TQM) approach to research and development in their thesis and dissertation work. This is a \"value-added\" program because the students can work on the same micro problems as in traditional graduate research; however, they are required to apply the tools of TQM in a team effort to the issue of customer satisfaction. This prepares the students to fit directly into the new culture that is now evolving in industry, therefore, enhancing employment opportunities. An educational track consists of specially designed courses to develop a knowledge base across the disciplines. The overlap between bioprocess and biomedical engineering is focused on cellular and molecular biology, stressing recombinant DNA technology. Basic bioscience, medical, law, and business students participate in solving the global problems associated with the production of biologicals. In the authors' research effort, the Protein C deficient patient is the target customer. Many interacting problems in basic science, upstream and downstream processing, drug administration and pharmocokinetics are available for interested engineering students. The legal, social, clinical, and business issues are considered as an integral component of bioproduct production and utilization.","PeriodicalId":332563,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1995 Fourteenth Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference","volume":"05 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133962934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-04-07DOI: 10.1109/SBEC.1995.514449
J. Fee
This paper reports on ongoing work in the modelling of the leg drop pendulum test as a means of assessment in spastic cerebral palsy. In a previous paper, the author demonstrated that a passive model, while adequate for modelling normal limbs, is not adequate for modelling the limb of a subject with spastic cerebral palsy. This paper extends the previous work by presenting the results of an active model which was optimized to fit data taken from three subjects. The result of the optimization process demonstrates several important points. First, the model with active elements gives a better fit to real data than any combination of the previous passive model elements. Second, the addition of active elements, which are physiologically justifiable, allows the removal of passive elements from the previous model which were not physiologically justifiable. One of the more unique features of this work is the subjects: a set of identical triplets, two of whom have varying degrees of spastic cerebral palsy and one who is without a disability. As a result, the author had a "control" available from which a "normal" model could be derived. The paper presents a model based on passive elements derived from the "normal" triplet combined with active elements that cause the model to respond to the leg drop pendulum test in the same way as do the limbs of the two disabled subjects.
{"title":"The leg drop pendulum test in spastic cerebral palsy: the addition of active elements to a passive, nonlinear, second order model","authors":"J. Fee","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.1995.514449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.1995.514449","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on ongoing work in the modelling of the leg drop pendulum test as a means of assessment in spastic cerebral palsy. In a previous paper, the author demonstrated that a passive model, while adequate for modelling normal limbs, is not adequate for modelling the limb of a subject with spastic cerebral palsy. This paper extends the previous work by presenting the results of an active model which was optimized to fit data taken from three subjects. The result of the optimization process demonstrates several important points. First, the model with active elements gives a better fit to real data than any combination of the previous passive model elements. Second, the addition of active elements, which are physiologically justifiable, allows the removal of passive elements from the previous model which were not physiologically justifiable. One of the more unique features of this work is the subjects: a set of identical triplets, two of whom have varying degrees of spastic cerebral palsy and one who is without a disability. As a result, the author had a \"control\" available from which a \"normal\" model could be derived. The paper presents a model based on passive elements derived from the \"normal\" triplet combined with active elements that cause the model to respond to the leg drop pendulum test in the same way as do the limbs of the two disabled subjects.","PeriodicalId":332563,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1995 Fourteenth Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127158144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-04-07DOI: 10.1109/SBEC.1995.514504
H. Benghuzzi
This study was conducted: (i) to investigate the ability of tricalcium phosphate-lysine (TCPL) devices to deliver Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA), Gamma-Globulin (G), Thyroglobulin (THG), and Insulin (I) at sustained manner, and (ii) to study the effect molecular size and structures might have on the sustained delivery profiles of proteins. Forty-eight cylindrical blocks were fabricated by compressing TCPL-protein (90:3:10 mixtures) in a hydraulic press at 8600 Kg compression load. Each device was then suspended in individual serum bottles containing 100 ml of phosphate buffer saline (pH 7.4), and maintained in a water bath with a temperature setting of 37/spl deg/C and agitating at 100 cpm. The amount of protein(s) released into the solution was determined colorimetrically. The results of this investigation revealed that: (i) TCPL devices are capable of delivering proteins at a sustained levels and the delivery rate was directly proportional to the molecular size of the protein molecules, and (ii) the rate of release of proteins from TCPL devices is influenced by the ionic interaction between the TCPL surface, solvent system, and stereochemistry of the materials to be delivered.
{"title":"The effectiveness of TCPL devices to deliver various molecular weight proteins in vitro","authors":"H. Benghuzzi","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.1995.514504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.1995.514504","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted: (i) to investigate the ability of tricalcium phosphate-lysine (TCPL) devices to deliver Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA), Gamma-Globulin (G), Thyroglobulin (THG), and Insulin (I) at sustained manner, and (ii) to study the effect molecular size and structures might have on the sustained delivery profiles of proteins. Forty-eight cylindrical blocks were fabricated by compressing TCPL-protein (90:3:10 mixtures) in a hydraulic press at 8600 Kg compression load. Each device was then suspended in individual serum bottles containing 100 ml of phosphate buffer saline (pH 7.4), and maintained in a water bath with a temperature setting of 37/spl deg/C and agitating at 100 cpm. The amount of protein(s) released into the solution was determined colorimetrically. The results of this investigation revealed that: (i) TCPL devices are capable of delivering proteins at a sustained levels and the delivery rate was directly proportional to the molecular size of the protein molecules, and (ii) the rate of release of proteins from TCPL devices is influenced by the ionic interaction between the TCPL surface, solvent system, and stereochemistry of the materials to be delivered.","PeriodicalId":332563,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1995 Fourteenth Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126154153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-04-07DOI: 10.1109/SBEC.1995.514451
D. Mudra, K.M. Moldovan, P. K. Bajpai
Acetaminophen is often used as a veterinary analgesic. Conventional methods of drug administration may lead to drug levels that periodically exceed and/or fall below therapeutic levels. This study investigated the ability of a /spl beta/-tricalcium phosphate ceramic delivery system to release acetaminophen in vitro and in vivo. In response to difficulties experienced with the use of Tris-HCl, ethanol was used as the in vitro media. One 12 hour and one seven day study examined the effects of compression load on the acetaminophen release profile from the ceramic device. Differences in compression loads did not affect the release profiles of acetaminophen from the ceramic device. The effects of different acetaminophen dosages were investigated in one 12 hour and one four day study. The initial amount of drug loaded in the ceramic device significantly changed release profiles of acetaminophen. An in vivo study investigated the ability of the ceramic matrix devices (CMDs) to release acetaminophen for a minimum of seven days. Pain tolerance levels were tested and circulating analgesic levels were determined. Animals implanted with ceramic devices containing acetaminophen displayed significantly higher levels of circulating analgesic and pain tolerance. These studies suggest that it is possible to effectively deliver acetaminophen by means of a /spl beta/-tricalcium phosphate ceramic device, both in vitro and in vivo.
{"title":"Development of a /spl beta/-tricalcium phosphate ceramic system for in vitro and in vivo release of acetaminophen","authors":"D. Mudra, K.M. Moldovan, P. K. Bajpai","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.1995.514451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.1995.514451","url":null,"abstract":"Acetaminophen is often used as a veterinary analgesic. Conventional methods of drug administration may lead to drug levels that periodically exceed and/or fall below therapeutic levels. This study investigated the ability of a /spl beta/-tricalcium phosphate ceramic delivery system to release acetaminophen in vitro and in vivo. In response to difficulties experienced with the use of Tris-HCl, ethanol was used as the in vitro media. One 12 hour and one seven day study examined the effects of compression load on the acetaminophen release profile from the ceramic device. Differences in compression loads did not affect the release profiles of acetaminophen from the ceramic device. The effects of different acetaminophen dosages were investigated in one 12 hour and one four day study. The initial amount of drug loaded in the ceramic device significantly changed release profiles of acetaminophen. An in vivo study investigated the ability of the ceramic matrix devices (CMDs) to release acetaminophen for a minimum of seven days. Pain tolerance levels were tested and circulating analgesic levels were determined. Animals implanted with ceramic devices containing acetaminophen displayed significantly higher levels of circulating analgesic and pain tolerance. These studies suggest that it is possible to effectively deliver acetaminophen by means of a /spl beta/-tricalcium phosphate ceramic device, both in vitro and in vivo.","PeriodicalId":332563,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1995 Fourteenth Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121905024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-04-07DOI: 10.1109/SBEC.1995.514446
P. R. Menon, D. P. Mukherjee
Composites of water soluble chitosan and hydroxylspatite (HA) in the paste form were studied for the use as a synthetic bone graft material. HA powder was added to 5% aqueous solution of chitosan in different HA to chitosan ratios. Different techniques were developed to measure the viscosity, setting time, compressive moduli, and push out resistance through cadaver bone holes of the HA-chitosan pastes. An optimum formulation was selected based on the results of these measurements. A system was developed to deliver the pastes to the focal defects in the bone by modifying an arthroscopic syringe.
{"title":"Development of a composite of hydroxylapatite and chitosan as a bone graft substitute","authors":"P. R. Menon, D. P. Mukherjee","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.1995.514446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.1995.514446","url":null,"abstract":"Composites of water soluble chitosan and hydroxylspatite (HA) in the paste form were studied for the use as a synthetic bone graft material. HA powder was added to 5% aqueous solution of chitosan in different HA to chitosan ratios. Different techniques were developed to measure the viscosity, setting time, compressive moduli, and push out resistance through cadaver bone holes of the HA-chitosan pastes. An optimum formulation was selected based on the results of these measurements. A system was developed to deliver the pastes to the focal defects in the bone by modifying an arthroscopic syringe.","PeriodicalId":332563,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1995 Fourteenth Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121046798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：