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A Conceptual Framework for Workforce Skills for Industry 5.0: Implications for Research, Policy and Practice 工业 5.0 劳动力技能概念框架:对研究、政策和实践的影响
Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-07-07 DOI: 10.24840/2183-0606_012.001_0010
P. Oeij, Karolien Lenaerts, Steven Dhondt, W. Van Dijk, Doris Schartinger, Sabrina Sorko, Chris Warhurst
Industry 5.0 is a relatively new topic and not yet well-defined. This article’s purpose is to develop understanding of Industry 5.0 by offering a new socio-centric conceptual framework. It extends prevailing perception of Industry 5.0 by integrating workforce skills, labour shortages, and eco-digital shifts. The study explores workforce skill measurement and its implementation. Three methods were combined to develop the conceptual framework: (i) review of academic and policy literature; (ii) scholarly and expert discussions; (iii) consultations with practitioners, companies and networks on Industry 5.0’s relevance. Industry 5.0 expands Industry 4.0's technology-focused approach. This new paradigm emphasises human-centricity, sustainability and resilience, infusing societal values into organisational management. Our findings suggest that, while firmly rooted in EU policy, Industry 5.0 must find integration at national levels and within pertinent ecosystems. This article introduces innovative perspectives on conceptualising and evaluating workforce skills for Industry 5.0. Mitigating skills gaps is crucial in enabling companies and employees to leverage the eco-digital shift, fostering sustainability, resilience and equity across Europe. A limitation to understanding Industry 5.0 is that policy discussions run ahead of collecting empirical data. As a consequence, one must be careful in drawing firm conclusions. While prior research underscores the need for skilled workforces in Industry 5.0, it falls short of elucidating evolving job dynamics in the Industry 5.0 transition. This article addresses this gap by examining the evolving job landscape, skills, and learning trajectories.
工业 5.0 是一个相对较新的话题,目前还没有明确的定义。本文旨在通过提供一个新的以社会为中心的概念框架,加深对工业 5.0 的理解。它通过整合劳动力技能、劳动力短缺和生态数字化转变,扩展了对工业 5.0 的普遍认识。本研究探讨了劳动力技能测量及其实施。研究结合了三种方法来制定概念框架:(i) 回顾学术和政策文献;(ii) 学者和专家讨论;(iii) 就工业 5.0 的相关性咨询从业人员、公司和网络。工业 5.0 扩展了工业 4.0 以技术为中心的方法。这一新模式强调以人为本、可持续性和复原力,将社会价值观注入组织管理。我们的研究结果表明,虽然工业 5.0 牢牢扎根于欧盟政策,但必须在国家层面和相关生态系统中找到融合点。本文介绍了有关工业 5.0 劳动力技能概念化和评估的创新观点。缩小技能差距对企业和员工利用生态数字转变、促进整个欧洲的可持续性、复原力和公平至关重要。理解工业 5.0 的一个局限是,政策讨论先于经验数据的收集。因此,在得出确切结论时必须小心谨慎。虽然先前的研究强调了工业 5.0 对熟练劳动力的需求,但却未能阐明工业 5.0 转型过程中不断变化的就业动态。本文通过研究不断变化的工作环境、技能和学习轨迹,弥补了这一不足。
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引用次数: 0
Open Innovation as Fuel for the Circular Economy: an Analysis of the Italian Context 开放式创新作为循环经济的燃料:对意大利国情的分析
Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.24840/2183-0606_012.001_0009
Luigi Sergianni, Alessandra De Chiara, Sofia Mauro
In recent years the circular economy (CE) has gained considerable interest in the academic debate as a tool for achieving sustainable development. The implementation of the circular economy model requires innovation to overcome technological, economic, environmental, social, and regulatory barriers. However, companies do not always have the means to innovate due to lack of information, limited technical skills and financial constraints; as a result, innovation remains a fragmented phenomenon. Open Innovation (OI) is a tool identified in the literature as useful for overcoming this problem and thus for the development of the CE, as it accelerates the exchange of knowledge and the realisation of the necessary innovations. Despite this, the relationship between CE and OI, and particularly the influence of OI on CE, has been little investigated. In line with this, the paper aims to explore this relationship by analysing the process through which OI supports the development of the CE, focusing on the knowledge exchange aimed at circular innovation, and categorising the actors contributing to this process and their roles. The study adopts a qualitative approach and uses methods of descriptive analysis and case studies. The sample consists of 240 Italian circular organisations that support circularity in different ways. The results made it possible to classify the main actors involved and their contributions to the CE through OI practices, revealing unseen circular activities that support classical circular activities (slowing, closing, and narrowing of material and energy circuits) and are identified in services, technology or research. As a theoretical contribution, the research provides a framework describing the actions and relationships among the actors involved in the CE initiatives, with a focus on the Living Lab practices.
近年来,循环经济(CE)作为实现可持续发展的工具,在学术讨论中获得了相当大的关注。实施循环经济模式需要创新,以克服技术、经济、环境、社会和监管方面的障碍。然而,由于缺乏信息、技术能力有限和资金限制,企业并不总是拥有创新的手段;因此,创新仍然是一种支离破碎的现象。开放式创新(OI)在文献中被认为是克服这一问题的有用工具,因此也是促进行政首长协调会发展的有用工具,因为它可以加快知识交流和实现必要的创新。尽管如此,有关行政首长协调会与开放式创新之间的关系,特别是开放式创新对行政首长协调会的影响的研究却很少。有鉴于此,本文旨在通过分析开放式创新支持行政首长协调会发展的过程来探索这种关系,重点关注以循环创新为目标的知识交流,并对促进这一过程的参与者及其角色进行分类。研究采用了定性方法,并使用了描述性分析和案例研究的方法。样本包括 240 个以不同方式支持循环的意大利循环组织。研究结果有助于对主要参与方及其通过开放式创新实践对循环经济做出的贡献进行分类,揭示出支持经典循环活动(减慢、关闭和缩小材料和能源循环)的不为人知的循环活动,这些活动在服务、技术或研究领域均有体现。作为一项理论贡献,该研究提供了一个框架,描述了参与循环经济倡议的行动者之间的行动和关系,重点关注 "生活实验室 "的实践。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of Innovation Management Tools in Generating Innovation Market Success 创新管理工具在创造创新市场成功中的作用
Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.24840/2183-0606_012.001_0007
Joachim Hafkesbrink, Arnd Schaff
The extensive literature on innovation management lacks a holistic theory, yet offers valuable frameworks, concepts, and tools for analyzing and managing the innovation process. Research gaps are evident in understanding the impact of specific innovation management techniques or tools (IMT) on innovation performance. Notably, limited studies demonstrate the influence of IMT on performance, primarily through qualitative case studies, and there is a notable shortage of diverse methodologies examining the interaction and collective impact of these tools alongside other innovation drivers. This paper investigates the significance of IMT in relation to other factors contributing to Innovation Market Success (IMS). Using Bootstrapped Structural Equation Modelling and Necessary Conditions Analysis on a dataset of 354 medium-sized enterprises in Germany and Austria, the study examines the interconnectedness and significance of IMT with other innovation performance determinants. Findings suggest a need to reassess the perceived importance of innovation management tools, highlighting an overemphasis in current research, while overlooking other crucial success factors. This study enhances understanding of IMT's role and impact, advocating for their strategic use in harnessing a firm's resources and capabilities to generate new competitive advantages, aligning with the Resource-based View of the Firm.
有关创新管理的大量文献缺乏整体理论,但为分析和管理创新过程提供了宝贵的框架、概念和工具。在了解特定创新管理技术或工具(IMT)对创新绩效的影响方面,研究差距显而易见。值得注意的是,主要通过定性案例研究来证明创新管理技术或工具对创新绩效的影响的研究非常有限,而研究这些工具与其他创新驱动因素的相互作用和集体影响的各种方法也明显不足。本文研究了 IMT 与其他促成创新市场成功(IMS)的因素之间的关系。通过对德国和奥地利 354 家中型企业的数据集进行 Bootstrapped 结构方程建模和必要条件分析,本研究探讨了 IMT 与其他创新绩效决定因素之间的相互关联性和重要性。研究结果表明,有必要重新评估人们对创新管理工具重要性的认识,这凸显出当前的研究过于强调创新管理工具,而忽视了其他至关重要的成功因素。这项研究加深了人们对创新管理工具的作用和影响的理解,主张战略性地利用创新管理工具来利用企业的资源和能力,从而产生新的竞争优势,这与基于资源的企业观是一致的。
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引用次数: 0
Towards a Place-based Approach to Circular Innovation 以地方为基础的循环创新方法
Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.24840/2183-0606_012.001_l002
Steffen Böhm, Allen Alexander
This Letter proposes a place-based approach to circular innovation. The original concept, as discussed by Cherrington et al. (2023), views ‘circular innovation’ as a strategy for sustainable development, focusing on resource efficiency and the regeneration of natural systems. However, we argue that it overlooks the significance of ‘place.’ This Letter argues that local conditions and contexts are crucial for effectively implementing circular innovations and maximizing their benefits. It advocates for tailoring circular strategies to local dynamics, leveraging local resources, and fostering community involvement. We identify five ‘loops’ that define a place-based approach to circular innovation, namely resource loops, social loops, economic loops, ecological loops, and policy loops. We argue that such a place-based approach supports the creation of localized, circular economies, emphasizing the importance of understanding and integrating the unique attributes of different locales into circular economy practices and policies.
本信提出了一种基于地方的循环创新方法。正如 Cherrington 等人(2023 年)所论述的那样,最初的概念将 "循环创新 "视为可持续发展的战略,侧重于资源效率和自然系统的再生。然而,我们认为它忽视了 "地方 "的重要性。这封信认为,当地的条件和环境对于有效实施循环创新并使其效益最大化至关重要。它主张根据当地的动态调整循环战略,充分利用当地资源,并促进社区参与。我们确定了五种 "循环",即资源循环、社会循环、经济循环、生态循环和政策循环,它们定义了基于地方的循环创新方法。我们认为,这种以地方为基础的方法支持创建地方化的循环经济,强调了理解不同地方的独特属性并将其融入循环经济实践和政策的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring Innovation Capabilities in Organizations through a Scientometric Approach in the Context of Manufacturing Industry 以制造业为背景,通过科学计量学方法探索组织的创新能力
Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.24840/2183-0606_012.001_0006
Edwin Paipa, Felipe Escalante Torres, Wilson Adarme Jaimes, Jairo Rafael Coronado Hernández
Over the last four decades, innovation capability has been studied to examine the innovation phenomenon based on the specific characteristics of organizations and systems under the theory of resources and capabilities. However, "capability" has diverse applications, and its correlation with innovation remains unclear. This study aims to clarify the definition of "innovation capability" in the context of the manufacturing industry and to comprehend how researchers presently investigate this concept. In order to meet this, an exhaustive search was conducted in the Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases, covering the period from 2018 to 2023. The selection of documents for analysis was determined by applying the scientometric method. The authors of this research identified 462 documents, and the bibliometric analysis, conducted using VOS viewer and Bibliometrix tools, revealed four main thematic areas within the research domain: sustainability, business performance, technology transfer, and knowledge management. As a result, this study identified the seminal authors of the concept. It provided a precise definition of "innovation capability", highlighting the significant interest that this research topic arouses in current academic literature.
在过去的四十年里,创新能力的研究是在资源和能力理论的指导下,根据组织和系统的具体特征来考察创新现象的。然而,"能力 "的应用多种多样,其与创新的相关性仍不明确。本研究旨在澄清制造业背景下 "创新能力 "的定义,并了解研究人员目前是如何研究这一概念的。为此,我们在斯科普斯(Scopus)和科学网(WoS)数据库中进行了详尽的检索,检索期为 2018 年至 2023 年。通过应用科学计量学方法确定了用于分析的文献选择。本研究的作者确定了 462 篇文献,并使用 VOS 浏览器和 Bibliometrix 工具进行了文献计量分析,分析结果显示了研究领域内的四个主要专题领域:可持续性、业务绩效、技术转让和知识管理。因此,本研究确定了这一概念的开创性作者。它为 "创新能力 "提供了一个准确的定义,突出了这一研究课题在当前学术文献中引起的浓厚兴趣。
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引用次数: 0
How Innovation Systems Promote and Hinder Innovations in Healthcare - a Swedish Case 创新体系如何促进和阻碍医疗创新--瑞典案例
Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.24840/2183-0606_012.001_0008
Nomie Eriksson, H. Rexhepi, Reza Javid Gholam, Erik Mårtensson Djäken, S. Lifvergren
Healthcare organizations must remain up-to-date when healthcare systems are in constant flux. One way to meet challenges is through innovations. The aim of this study is to explore what promotes and hinders the implementation of innovation in healthcare's complex organizational environment. An innovation system was studied through qualitative interviews with nine respondents. The results show that the implementation and adoption of innovations in healthcare are complex. The complexity of the innovation determines the likelihood and speed of the adoption among healthcare professionals. Promoters such as human and financial capital were seen as critical for the sustainability of the innovation. Evaluating the innovation through scientific processes was also important to gain legitimacy and is seen as an important contribution to research. The identifying promoters and hindrances are practical implications to prompt reflection on healthcare innovations among managers and healthcare professionals.
在医疗系统不断变化的情况下,医疗机构必须与时俱进。应对挑战的方法之一就是创新。本研究旨在探讨在医疗保健复杂的组织环境中,是什么促进和阻碍了创新的实施。通过对九名受访者进行定性访谈,对一个创新系统进行了研究。结果表明,在医疗保健领域实施和采用创新是复杂的。创新的复杂性决定了医疗保健专业人员采用创新的可能性和速度。人力资本和金融资本等促进因素被视为创新能否持续的关键。通过科学程序评估创新对于获得合法性也很重要,被视为对研究的重要贡献。确定促进因素和阻碍因素具有实际意义,可促使管理人员和医疗保健专业人员对医疗保健创新进行反思。
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引用次数: 0
Beyond Net-Zero: Societal Transformations towards Climate Positive Futures 超越净零:社会变革迈向气候积极的未来
Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.24840/2183-0606_011.004_000e
Anne-Laure Anne-Laure Mention, M. Torkkeli, João José Pinto Ferreira
“Addressing the climate challenge presents a golden opportunity to promote prosperity, security and a brighter future for all.”Ban Ki-Moon, Former Secretary-General of the United Nations. Humanity is pushing the earth system beyond its natural limits. Rapid population growth and exponential consumption exert synergistic and compounded strains on our planet. Evidence of the untenable nature of this strain abounds, in the form of accelerated, widespread and intensifying climate change (United Nations, 2021), drastic reduction in biodiversity, overexploitation and depletion of natural resources, and degradation of ecosystems. Calculated by the Global Footprint Network, the Earth Overshoot Day (EOD) succinctly and illustratively captures this divergence between humanity’s ecological footprint and earth’s biocapacity. The EOD marks the point in the year when humanity’s demand for resources in a given year exceeds what the earth can replenish in that same year, and has come earlier and earlier since first calculated in 1971. In 2023, it fell on August 2 (Global Footprint Network), leaving us in an ecological deficit for the remaining part of the year. The science-based planetary boundaries framework developed by the Stockholm Resilience Centre is another powerful visualisation of the state of our planetary systems. Their 2023 assessment reports that six of the nine planetary boundaries (e.g. freshwater change, biosphere integrity, biogeochemical flows, novels entities such as plastics, etc) have been transgressed, thereby heightening the risk of large-scale, abrupt, and irreversible environmental changes. (continued...)
"联合国前秘书长潘基文说:"应对气候挑战是促进繁荣、安全和所有人拥有更美好未来的良机。人类正在推动地球系统超越其自然极限。快速的人口增长和指数级的消费对我们的地球造成了协同和复合的压力。这种压力难以承受的证据比比皆是,具体表现为气候变化的加速、广泛和加剧(联合国,2021 年),生物多样性的急剧减少,自然资源的过度开发和枯竭,以及生态系统的退化。根据全球足迹网络(Global Footprint Network)的计算,"地球超重日"(EOD)简明扼要地反映了人类生态足迹与地球生物能力之间的差异。自 1971 年首次计算以来,"地球超载日 "的到来越来越早。2023 年的这一天是 8 月 2 日(全球足迹网络),在这一年的剩余时间里,我们将处于生态赤字状态。斯德哥尔摩复原力中心(Stockholm Resilience Centre)开发的以科学为基础的地球边界框架是对地球系统状况的另一种强有力的可视化描述。他们的 2023 年评估报告指出,九个行星边界中的六个(如淡水变化、生物圈完整性、生物地球化学流、塑料等新颖实体)已被突破,从而增加了发生大规模、突然和不可逆转的环境变化的风险。(继续......)
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引用次数: 0
Will Machines Innovate for and with Us - What Kind of Strategic Themes Could Belong to Innovation Automation? 机器将为我们创新并与我们共同创新--什么样的战略主题可能属于创新自动化?
Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.24840/2183-0606_011.004_0007
Vesa Harmaakorpi, H. Melkas, J. Porras, A. Pässilä
The Internet economy and computer-aided innovation enable improvements in the quality and quantity of outcomes of innovation processes. Traditional “research pipes” are often too slow to fit with contemporary business logic. In this paper, we focus on the intersection of innovation and automation and the potential they create together. Innovation automation represents a next generation of automation that has structural implications. Automation in the innovation context is about maintaining the richness of creative innovation processes while also absorbing a greater amount of data, information, and knowledge inputs and producing more holistic outputs that meet customer needs better and are faster on the market. The paper builds a novel academic “playground” for the research on innovation automation as the efficient and effective use of co-creative intelligence—the fusion and mixture of artificial intelligence, human intelligence, and the intelligence of crowds. Covering the wide field of innovation automation requires various future research programs. The main focus areas in this paper are related to understanding innovation automation, enabling the way to new management of innovation and ecosystem development. We also propose relevant research themes for the future.
互联网经济和计算机辅助创新能够提高创新过程的成果质量和数量。传统的 "研究管道 "往往过于缓慢,无法适应当代的商业逻辑。在本文中,我们将重点关注创新与自动化的交叉点以及它们共同创造的潜力。创新自动化代表了具有结构性影响的新一代自动化。创新背景下的自动化是指在保持创造性创新过程的丰富性的同时,吸收更多的数据、信息和知识输入,产生更全面的产出,更好地满足客户需求,更快地投放市场。本文为研究创新自动化构建了一个新颖的学术 "乐园",创新自动化是对共同创造性智能的高效利用--人工智能、人类智能和群体智能的融合与混合。要覆盖创新自动化的广阔领域,未来需要开展各种研究计划。本文的主要关注领域与理解创新自动化、实现创新管理新方式和生态系统发展有关。我们还提出了未来的相关研究主题。
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引用次数: 0
Digitalization and Firm Performance: Empirical Evidence from Forbes-listed Companies 数字化与公司业绩:福布斯上市公司的经验证据
Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-01-26 DOI: 10.24840/2183-0606_011.004_0006
Oumeima Toumia, R. Mefteh, Marc Cowling
As the world goes digital, many companies have found that their performance improves when they digitize their operations. This is especially true in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, as companies must rely more on digital tools to survive. Our paper aims to examine the connection between digital competitiveness and the financial performance of 86 digital businesses at the country level before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic over the period 2017--2021. Unlike previous findings that relied on qualitative methods, our research relies on quantitative methods. More precisely, we empirically examine the impact of digital competitiveness (i.e., an index) on financial performance (i.e., measured by return on assets) through linear regression models and panel data regressions for three specific periods (2017-2019 pre-pandemic, 2020 pandemic, and 2021 post-pandemic). We found that COVID-19 allows firms to adopt digitalization. More specifically, comparing the three periods, we discovered that digital competitiveness positively influences business financial performance in the post-Covid era. Looking ahead to the post-Covid world, it is clear that companies must prioritize digital competitiveness to ensure their long-term success. Governments can learn important lessons from this research on how to help companies digitize."
随着世界走向数字化,许多公司发现,当他们实现数字化运营时,他们的业绩也会随之提高。在 COVID-19 大流行的情况下尤其如此,因为企业必须更加依赖数字化工具才能生存。我们的论文旨在研究 2017-2021 年期间,在 COVID-19 大流行之前、期间和之后,86 家数字企业在国家层面上的数字竞争力与财务业绩之间的联系。与以往依赖定性方法的研究结果不同,我们的研究依赖定量方法。更确切地说,我们通过线性回归模型和三个特定时期(2017-2019 年大流行前、2020 年大流行期间和 2021 年大流行后)的面板数据回归,实证检验了数字竞争力(即指数)对财务业绩(即以资产回报率衡量)的影响。我们发现,COVID-19 允许企业采用数字化。更具体地说,比较三个时期,我们发现数字化竞争力对后科维德时代的企业财务绩效有积极影响。展望后科维德时代,企业显然必须优先考虑数字化竞争力,以确保其长期成功。各国政府可以从这项研究中汲取重要经验,了解如何帮助企业实现数字化"。
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引用次数: 0
Disruptive Innovation - A Consolidated Model for the Dissemination of Management Ideas 颠覆性创新--传播管理理念的综合模式
Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-01-25 DOI: 10.24840/2183-0606_011.004_0005
Thomas Breyer-Mayländer, Christopher Zerres
There is an ongoing debate about the use and scope of Clayton M. Christensen´s idea of disruptive innovation, including the question of whether it is a management buzz phrase or a valuable theory. This discussion considers the general question of how innovation in the field of management theories and concepts finds its way to the different target groups. This conceptual paper combines the different concepts of the creation and dissemination of management trends in a basic framework based on a short review of models for the dissemination of management ideas. This framework allows an analysis of the character of new management ideas like disruptive innovation. By measuring the impact of the theory on the academic sphere using a bibliometric statistic of the number of academic publications on Google scholar and Scopus and a meta-analysis of research papers, we show the significant influence of disruptive innovation beyond pure management fads.
关于克莱顿-克里斯坦森(Clayton M. Christensen)的颠覆性创新理念的使用和范围,包括它究竟是一个管理术语还是一个有价值的理论,一直存在争论。本讨论探讨了管理理论和概念领域的创新如何进入不同目标群体这一一般性问题。这篇概念性论文在对管理思想传播模式进行简短回顾的基础上,将管理趋势的产生和传播的不同概念纳入了一个基本框架。通过这一框架,可以分析颠覆性创新等新管理思想的特点。通过对谷歌学者(Google scholar)和斯科普斯(Scopus)上的学术论文数量进行文献计量统计,并对研究论文进行元分析,我们衡量了该理论在学术领域的影响,从而显示出颠覆性创新的重大影响超越了纯粹的管理潮流。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Innovation Management
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