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Successful Aging in Small Enterprises: Entrepreneurship, Job Demands-Resources, and Health 小企业成功老龄化:企业家精神、工作需求、资源和健康
Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-08-08 DOI: 10.24840/2183-0606_008.002_0002
Chao Miao, Shanshan Qian, R. Humphrey
Successful aging at work is an important topic which is pertinent to everyone who works to make a living because getting older is unavoidable. The objective of this paper is to draw on Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model to explore successful aging in the field of entrepreneurship. A conceptual approach was used to examine the successful aging in the field of entrepreneurship. Building on JD-R model, older workers who pursue entrepreneurship may have improved mental and physical health and obtain successful aging at work. The current study developed a theoretical foundation to explore successful aging in the field of entrepreneurship and offered suggestions for future research.
工作中的成功老龄化是一个重要的话题,与每个工作谋生的人都息息相关,因为变老是不可避免的。本文的目的是利用工作需求资源(JD-R)模型来探索创业领域的成功老龄化。采用了一种概念方法来研究创业领域的成功老龄化。在JD-R模式的基础上,追求创业的老年工人可能改善了身心健康,并在工作中成功老龄化。目前的研究为探索创业领域的成功老龄化奠定了理论基础,并为未来的研究提供了建议。
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引用次数: 3
Why Open Innovation is Easier Said Than Done: An Organizational Identity Perspective 为什么开放式创新说起来容易做起来难:组织身份视角
Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-08-08 DOI: 10.24840/2183-0606_008.002_0005
Maral Mahdad, Chiara Eleonora de Marco, A. Piccaluga, A. D. Minin
In this article, we explore and interpret organizational identity transformation associatedwith the open innovation strategy of the largest telecommunication company in Italy, Telecom Italia(TIM). When TIM established eight joint laboratories within five major Italian universities to benefitfrom opening its business model, it transferred some R&D employees to the new laboratories to workwith the university scientists. This organizational transformation imposed challenging conditions forR&D employees engaged in the open innovation activities of the firm. We conducted an interpretativephenomenological analysis (IPA) to answer the question of “how do R&D employees experience theimplementation of an open innovation strategy from an organizational identity perspective?” Our analysisis based on the interpretation of the lived experiences of 14 employees. Studying the phenomenon ofopen innovation implementation using the lens of organizational identity suggests the following: (1) Theprocess of open innovation through mobility of skilled R&D employees triggers organizational identityambiguity and change, (2) Organizational identity ambiguity phase in the process of open innovationcan be shortened by the support of parent company and managerial skills highlighting sensemakingmechanisms, (3) Constructing a shared organizational identity with university members involved in thisprocess is an undeniable element of OI success. We contribute to the literature by establishing linkagesamong organizational identity and open innovation and building on recent works on the role of individualswithin open innovation ecosystems. Our qualitative analysis draws on a conceptual framework for openinnovation and organizational identity transformation
本文以意大利最大的电信公司意大利电信(Telecom Italia, TIM)为研究对象,探讨其开放式创新战略与组织认同的关系。当TIM在意大利的五所主要大学中建立了八个联合实验室,以便从开放其商业模式中获益时,它将一些研发人员转移到新的实验室,与大学的科学家一起工作。这种组织转型对从事企业开放式创新活动的研发人员施加了挑战性的条件。我们采用解释现象学分析(IPA)来回答“从组织认同的角度来看,研发员工如何体验开放式创新战略的实施?”我们的分析基于对14名员工生活经历的解读。利用组织认同的视角研究开放式创新实施现象,可以得出以下结论:(1)通过技术研发人员流动的开放式创新过程触发了组织身份模糊和变化;(2)母公司的支持和突出意义制造机制的管理技能可以缩短开放式创新过程中的组织身份模糊阶段;(3)与参与这一过程的大学成员构建共享的组织身份是开放式创新成功的不可否认的因素。我们通过建立组织身份和开放式创新之间的联系,并基于最近关于个人在开放式创新生态系统中的作用的工作,为文献做出贡献。我们的定性分析借鉴了开放式创新和组织身份转换的概念框架
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引用次数: 0
On the structural barriers to public innovation support for SMEs and the opportunity COVID-19 can offer to overcome these barriers 关于公共创新支持中小企业的结构性障碍以及COVID-19为克服这些障碍提供的机会
Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-08-08 DOI: 10.24840/2183-0606_008.002_0003
M. Deschryvere, Markku Mikkola, S. Conn
COVID-19 pandemic-related direct public support mechanisms have received more attention than previously and budgets for SME subsidies have skyrocketed around the globe. Currently, most support measures focus on short-term liquidity needs. However, policy makers have already started thinking about which role subsidies should play in the renewal of the economic structure once the pandemic dust has settled. The pandemic offers a good opportunity to restructure a company support system taking into account the structural barriers that innovation support systems have been subject to over the last decade. The aim of the analysis in this paper is threefold: (1) to map the barriers to innovation support, (2) to offer policy makers and SME support agencies a set of solutions to overcome these barriers and (3) to re-interpret these results against the background of the COVID-19 pandemic that started to unravel shortly after finalising the set of research interviews.
与新冠肺炎疫情相关的公共直接支持机制受到前所未有的关注,全球对中小企业的补贴预算大幅增加。目前,大多数支持措施侧重于短期流动性需求。然而,政策制定者已经开始思考,一旦疫情尘埃落定,补贴应该在经济结构的更新中发挥何种作用。考虑到创新支持系统在过去十年中遇到的结构性障碍,此次大流行为重组公司支持系统提供了一个很好的机会。本文分析的目的有三个:(1)绘制支持创新的障碍,(2)为政策制定者和中小企业支持机构提供一套克服这些障碍的解决方案,以及(3)在完成一系列研究访谈后不久开始解开的COVID-19大流行背景下重新解释这些结果。
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引用次数: 8
Analysing the Sentiments towards Work-From-Home Experience during COVID-19 Pandemic COVID-19大流行期间对在家工作体验的情绪分析
Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-04-28 DOI: 10.24840/2183-0606_008.001_0003
A. Dubey, Shreya Tripathi
With almost one third of the world on a lockdown, the corporates and the offices have now rapidly shifted to working from home. Since no specific treatment has been suggested by any medical institution so far, World Health Organization has recommended that the only possible solution to be safe is to self-isolate and stay home. Due to this, the world has come to a screeching halt and the businesses have to be shifted to remote work. Work-from-Home is a very new experience for most of us and hence the perception of the people ranges from being very excited to very hopeless. This study aims to examine the sentiments of the people regarding Work-from-Home concept by analysing twitter activities posted on social media. Total 100,000 tweets were analysed for this study. Results indicate that Work-from-Home concept was taken positively by the people. The emotions associated with most of the tweets were of trust and anticipation indicating that this concept is being welcomed by the people.
由于全球近三分之一的地区处于封锁状态,企业和办公室现在迅速转向在家工作。到目前为止,没有任何医疗机构提出具体的治疗方法,世界卫生组织建议,为了安全,唯一可能的解决方案是自我隔离和呆在家里。正因为如此,世界戛然而止,企业不得不转向远程工作。对我们大多数人来说,在家工作是一种非常新的体验,因此人们的看法从非常兴奋到非常绝望。本研究旨在通过分析社交媒体上发布的twitter活动来研究人们对在家工作概念的看法。这项研究共分析了10万条推文。结果表明,人们对在家工作的概念持积极态度。与大多数推文相关的情绪是信任和期待,表明这一概念受到了人们的欢迎。
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引用次数: 125
Coronavirus: a catalyst for change and innovation 冠状病毒:变革和创新的催化剂
Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-04-28 DOI: 10.24840/2183-0606_008.001_0001
A. Mention, J. J. P. Ferreira, M. Torkkeli
As we write this editorial, people around the world are apprehensive about their future; some are at home; some are thinking about the loved ones they cannot visit; some, unfortunately, are dying. We watch the graphs and listen to the daily news of new coronavirus cases, but be it just one or one thousand, for the those close of the ones affected, the impact is catastrophic. (...)
当我们写这篇社论时,世界各地的人们都对自己的未来感到担忧;有些人在家;有些人在想着他们无法探望的亲人;不幸的是,有些人正在死亡。我们看图表,听每日新冠肺炎病例的新闻,但无论只是一例还是一千例,对于那些受影响的人来说,影响都是灾难性的。(…)
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引用次数: 13
The Moderating Effects of Dynamic Capability on Radical Innovation and Incremental Innovation Teams in the Global Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Industry 动态能力对全球制药生物技术产业突破性创新和渐进式创新团队的调节作用
Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-04-28 DOI: 10.24840/2183-0606_008.001_0006
Heather J Johnson
The purpose of this paper is to conduct a quantitative, integrative and systematic literature review of the moderating effects of dynamic capability associated with radical innovation and incremental innovation teams in the global pharmaceutical biotechnology industry. This paper utilizes a conceptual framework of dynamic capability and socio-technical theory to underpin the study. The study includes 250 articles which were originally surveyed, and then a final selection of 66 articles was based on a structured coding system. The study outcome reveals that knowledge sharing strengthens existing professional knowledge and enhances internal work coordination and consistency in employees’ behavior, and effectively integrates diverse team knowledge and experience. Open innovation has a positive effect on radical innovation and enables knowledge acquisition to form a symbiotic relationship with knowledge sharing. Learning orientation has a stronger effect on incremental innovation than on radical innovation. The limitations of the study are related to a systematic literature review for this research does not establish causality. The mediating effects of dynamic capability on teams are not explored for this research. The implications for management are as follows, teams must be given the autonomy to make decisions from a technical perspective. Tacit knowledge, open innovation, knowledge acquisition and learning orientation are areas in which priority must be given during and after acquisitions in the pharmaceutical biotechnology industry.
本文旨在对全球制药生物技术产业中突破性创新和渐进式创新团队动态能力的调节效应进行定量、整合和系统的文献综述。本文运用动态能力的概念框架和社会技术理论来支撑研究。该研究包括最初调查的250篇文章,然后根据结构化编码系统最终选择66篇文章。研究结果表明,知识共享强化了现有的专业知识,增强了员工行为的内部工作协调性和一致性,有效地整合了不同的团队知识和经验。开放式创新对突破性创新具有正向影响,使知识获取与知识共享形成共生关系。学习导向对渐进式创新的影响大于对突破性创新的影响。本研究的局限性与系统的文献综述有关,因为本研究没有建立因果关系。本研究未探讨动态能力对团队的中介作用。管理的含义如下,团队必须被赋予从技术角度做出决策的自主权。隐性知识、开放式创新、知识获取和学习导向是制药生物技术行业并购过程中和并购后必须优先考虑的领域。
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引用次数: 7
Legitimacy of Corporate Social Innovation: Legitimizing Resource Mobilization for Corporate Social Innovation in the Case Studies in Japan 企业社会创新的正当性:日本企业社会创新资源动员的正当性
Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-03-31 DOI: 10.24677/RIIM.17.0_101
Masaatsu Doi
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引用次数: 2
Five Maturity Levels of Managing AI: From Isolated Ignorance to Integrated Intelligence 管理人工智能的五个成熟度:从孤立的无知到综合智能
Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-03-30 DOI: 10.24840/2183-0606_008.001_0005
U. Lichtenthaler
To guide future discussions about managing artificial intelligence (AI), this article suggests an AI management framework with five maturity levels, which are comparable to the five levels of the autonomous driving framework from no automation to complete automation. If companies move beyond Isolated Ignorance (Level 0), they are characterized by an Initial Intent (Level 1), which typically evolves towards an Independent Initiative (Level 2). A more advanced management leads to Interactive Implementation (Level 3) and Interdependent Innovation (Level 4). On this basis, a close combination of AI and human knowledge enables a sustainable competitive advantage with Integrated Intelligence (Level 5). This framework draws on the intelligence-based approach to company performance, and it provides the basis for an AI maturity assessment in organizations. It further helps to identify many firms’ managerial challenges as well as major organizational limitations even in those firms that are often considered as AI leaders.
为了指导未来关于管理人工智能的讨论,本文提出了一个具有五个成熟度级别的人工智能管理框架,这些成熟度级别可与自动驾驶框架从无自动化到完全自动化的五个级别相媲美。如果公司超越了孤立无知(0级),它们的特征是初始意图(1级),通常会演变为独立倡议(2级)。更先进的管理导致了交互实施(第3级)和相互依赖的创新(第4级)。在此基础上,人工智能和人类知识的紧密结合使综合智能(5级)具有可持续的竞争优势。该框架借鉴了基于智能的公司绩效方法,为组织中的人工智能成熟度评估提供了基础。它进一步有助于识别许多公司的管理挑战以及主要的组织局限性,即使在那些经常被认为是人工智能领导者的公司中也是如此。
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引用次数: 13
Tribal ethos favours self-transcendence, within the Tribe 部落精神倾向于自我超越,在部落内部
Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-02-06 DOI: 10.24840/2183-0606_008.001_0002
A. Behrens
Where there is little trust, can there be self-transcendence?  Can one strive for openness as well as closeness between tribes? Preference to trust own clan members is much higher among Mediterranean peoples than among Germanic ones. In both Germanic and Mediterranean clusters, trusting behaviours follow culturally determined kinship patterns that are slow to change, so much so that the different Mediterranean and Germanic trust patterns still show between Latin America and the USA. Germanic managerial techniques rest on Germanic trusting behaviours that are relatively lacking in the Mediterranean cluster, among whom Germanic managerial techniques lose efficacy and self-transcendence might be a riskier path to take. Clan-friendly management among Mediterranean peoples, including rewards more readily focused on needs, teamwork and citizenship behaviour, require less controls, bringing about faster alignment and more agile organizations. These reflections are relevant to manage North African migrants into Europe, as they are to manage Latin Americans into the USA.
哪里几乎没有信任,哪里就能有自我超越?一个人能争取部落之间的开放和亲密吗?地中海民族更喜欢信任自己的部族成员,而不是日耳曼人。在日耳曼和地中海集群中,信任行为遵循文化决定的亲属关系模式,这种模式变化缓慢,以至于拉丁美洲和美国之间仍然存在不同的地中海和日耳曼信任模式。日耳曼管理技术依赖于地中海集群中相对缺乏的日耳曼信任行为,在这些人中,日耳曼的管理技术失去了效力,自我超越可能是一条风险更大的道路。地中海民族的部落友好型管理,包括更容易关注需求、团队合作和公民行为的奖励,需要更少的控制,从而实现更快的协调和更灵活的组织。这些思考与管理北非移民进入欧洲有关,就像管理拉丁美洲移民进入美国一样。
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引用次数: 2
Fostering soft and hard skills for innovation among informatics engineering students 信息工程专业学生创新软技能和硬技能的培养
Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-01-15 DOI: 10.24840/2183-0606_008.001_0004
Manuel Torres, Nuno H. Flores, R. Torres
Informatics engineers are currently in the spotlight of innovation. It is, therefore, relevant to analyse and reflect on how higher education can, and should, prepare future engineers to innovate as expected in this ever-changing world. This paper aims to further research and foster scholarly debate regarding the requirements and implications of teaching innovation. For that purpose, we examine an exploratory case study on interdisciplinary cooperation between two higher education courses, designed to promote students’ active learning of innovation through the progressive development of their soft and hard skills. Both courses engaged in an emancipatory pedagogical approach, mostly grounded in project-based work, active learning, and formative assessment. To obtain feedback on this interdisciplinary cooperation, questionnaires were devised to ascertain the students’ perceptions about this pedagogical approach. Individual responses were collected from both courses and data was analysed through simple statistical procedures. Articulating a priori soft skills development with a posteriori hard skills learning process is perceived by students as beneficial in gradually, yet successfully, understanding the subject of innovation. Also, there were even some external success indicators which showed the recognition of successful innovation skills development in informatics engineering students. Thus, according to students’ perceptions of their experience with an emancipatory pedagogy that connected soft with hard skills development, we conclude that such approach encouraged students to create new knowledge and allowed them to develop the necessary skills to innovate.
信息学工程师目前处于创新的聚光灯下。因此,分析和反思高等教育如何能够、也应该为未来的工程师在这个不断变化的世界中进行预期的创新做好准备,是有意义的。本文旨在进一步研究和促进关于教学创新的要求和含义的学术辩论。为此,我们对两门高等教育课程之间的跨学科合作进行了探索性案例研究,旨在通过逐步发展学生的软技能和硬技能来促进学生积极学习创新。这两门课程都采用了解放的教学方法,主要以项目工作、积极学习和形成性评估为基础。为了获得对这种跨学科合作的反馈,设计了问卷调查,以确定学生对这种教学方法的看法。从两个课程中收集了个人回答,并通过简单的统计程序对数据进行了分析。将先验的软技能发展与后验的硬技能学习过程结合起来,学生们认为这有利于逐渐但成功地理解创新主题。此外,甚至还有一些外部成功指标显示了对信息学工程学生成功创新技能发展的认可。因此,根据学生对他们的经验的看法,即将软技能与硬技能发展联系起来的解放教育法,我们得出结论,这种方法鼓励学生创造新知识,并使他们能够发展必要的创新技能。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
Journal of Innovation Management
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