International Journal of Biological Macromolecules最新文献

Faba bean necrotic yellows virus (FBNYV) is a multipartite nanovirus (family Nanoviridae) that poses a significant threat to legume crops worldwide. Its genome encodes various viral proteins that promote infection, systemic spread, and vector transmission. This study evaluated the interaction dynamics between the sucrose non-fermenting 1-related kinase 1 (SnRK1) and eight key FBNYV proteins using in silico docking analysis. All the viral proteins bound to SnRK1 with notable affinity; however, the nuclear shuttle protein encoded by DNA-N showed the strongest binding affinity to SnRK1, revealing that it may modulate host energy signaling. Alongside the computational results, we performed quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis of SnRK1 in faba bean plants inoculated with FBNYV using varying concentrations of the viral DNA-N segment. SnRK1 transcript levels were elevated in infections with higher DNA-N dosage, revealing a host response aimed at curbing viral replication. The expression profiles of key plant defense-related genes (WRKY33, bZIP11, AGO2, ATG8, ATL2, and MKS1) were also assessed. Notably, genes related to stress and immune signaling (such as WRKY33, bZIP11, and ATG8) were induced, whereas the RNA-silencing gene AGO2 was suppressed. These findings improve our understanding of host-virus interactions in faba beans and highlight the dual role of SnRK1 in metabolic regulation and antiviral defense. Overall, this study provides a strong molecular foundation for enhancing resistance to FBNYV. IMPORTANCE: Considering the critical role of SnRK1 in plant stress responses and antiviral l defense, this study used in silico approaches to identify FBNYV proteins that interact with SnRK1 and to infer the potential impacts on host immunity. Similar to geminiviruses, nanoviruses are circular DNA viruses that rely on the cellular machinery for replication and spread. Although previous research on the antiviral functions of SnRK1 has predominantly focused on geminivirus infections, the parallels between geminivirus and nanovirus host interactions show that SnRK1 could play a comparable defensive role against nanoviruses like FBNYV. By investigating the interaction of SnRK1 with FBNYV proteins and monitoring related defense gene expression, our work provides insight into how this host kinase may contribute to resistance. Ultimately, understanding this relationship may facilitate the development of virus-resistant faba bean varieties through targeted breeding or biotechnological approaches.

Skin wounds resulting from traumatic injuries or surgical procedures compromise the skin barrier, posing serious threats to patient health. The development of multifunctional dressings capable of integrating noninvasive mechanical regulation and active/passive intervention remains an urgent challenge in advanced wound management. Herein, we report a Janus dressing developed through the thermal crosslinking of hydrophilic hydrogel and hydrophobic polyurethane (PU), which can accelerate wound healing by means of antibacterial (multiple pathways), sutureless wound closure, and electrical stimulation (ES). Meanwhile, the bonding ability between PU and hydrogel can withstand 400 % tensile strength. The hydrogel (mainly composed of biomacromolecule gelatin) of Janus dressing contains curcumin micelles, which not only have antibacterial activity but also effectively reduce wound inflammation, thus accelerating the healing of infected wounds. The PU doped with carbon nanotubes promotes Janus dressing to have excellent mechanical toughness (24.89 MJ/m³) and electrical conductivity (2.16 mS/cm). The results based on the full-thickness skin defect model indicate that, with the help of ES, the Janus dressing enhances cell proliferation and angiogenesis in the wound area, achieving rapid wound healing through this proactive intervention. This work offers a promising way to develop novel multifunctional Janus dressing for multi-style healing promotion and wound management efficiency improvement.

Minoxidil (MXD) is a widely used drug to treat androgenetic alopecia (AGA), the most prevalent hair loss disorder in humans. However, the therapeutic effect of common methods of administration, such as tinctures or liniments, is limited. This study aims to develop an antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, injectable, nanofiber-reinforced hydrogel platform based on oxidized sodium alginate (OSA) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC). This will enable the precise, point-specific, long-term, continuous delivery of minoxidil-loaded liposomes (MXD@Lip), enhance the transdermal rate and drug utilization of MXD, and improve the efficiency of AGA treatment. Results indicate that the hydrogel can form within 60 s and is safe and non-toxic. The hydrogel exhibits excellent antibacterial properties due to the modification of carboxymethyl chitosan through the grafting of quaternary ammonium salts. The inhibition rates of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were 89.42% and 90.22%, respectively. Additionally, doping nanofibers with tea polyphenols improved the mechanical properties of the hydrogel 3.76 times and demonstrated excellent antioxidant capacity, with a free radical scavenging rate exceeding 90%. Animal studies confirmed that NFgel-MXD@Lip outperformed MXD tincture in promoting follicular development and enhancing hair regrowth, with the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial hydrogel NF-gel also contributing to these effects.

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common hair disorder, but lacks effective treatments. This study explored the effects and mechanisms of Bletilla striata polysaccharide (BSP) on AGA and provided new directions for developing drugs for treating AGA. In the study, BSP improved the hair growth cycle and hair follicle morphology within AGA model mice, enhanced hair score, increased hair length, and elevated the number of hair follicles. BSP also reduced inflammation and oxidative stress, lowered dihydrotestosterone (DHT) content, regulated androgen receptor (AR) activity, inhibited the production of inflammatory factors and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) levels. In vitro, BSP restored the proliferation and migration of DHT-induced dermal papilla cells (DPCs), inhibited their inhibition, alleviated cell senescence, and enhanced the antioxidant activity of H₂O₂-induced DPCs. Network pharmacology analysis suggested that BSP may influence AGA progression by modulating the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway and oxidative stress through prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), and BSP inhibits PTGS2 expression. Furthermore, PTGS2 overexpression antagonized the effects of BSP. In conclusion, BSP inhibits PTGS2, thereby suppressing the activation of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and NF-κB signaling, which improves oxidative stress and cell senescence, ultimately alleviating the progression of AGA and promoting hair growth. This finding provides a potential drug intervention target and a new strategy for the treatment of AGA.

Inflammatory responses are essential for Manila clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) to resist Perkinsus olseni infection; however, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. Glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1) is known to modulate inflammatory processes in many organisms, yet its role during P. olseni infection in Manila clams has not been elucidated. In this study, we combined transcriptomic analysis with functional assays to investigate the involvement of RpGSTT1 in P. olseni-induced inflammation. Comparative transcriptomic profiling of clams with high and low P. olseni burdens identified 3332 differentially expressed genes, among which RpGSTT1 was the most significantly enriched gene in the drug metabolism-cytochrome P450 pathway, exhibiting approximately four-fold upregulation. RpGSTT1 encodes a 231-amino-acid protein containing a conserved GST-N domain and shares 80.57% and 75.83% sequence similarity with GSTT1 homologs from Mercenaria mercenaria and Dreissena polymorpha, respectively. Following infection, RpGSTT1 expression was significantly upregulated in gill tissues, and immunofluorescence analysis localized RpGSTT1 predominantly to the cytoplasm of gill cells. Functional analyses demonstrated that RpGSTT1 knockdown markedly increased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and exacerbated gill tissue damage, whereas RpGSTT1 overexpression significantly attenuated inflammatory responses. Moreover, RpGSTT1 overexpression negatively regulated P. olseni-induced inflammation responses, indicating that GSTT1 exerts a conserved anti-inflammatory function in bivalves, likely through modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Collectively, these findings provide new insights into the immune regulatory mechanisms of Manila clams during parasitic infection and highlight RpGSTT1 as a key modulator of host inflammatory responses.

The long-term emission of free formaldehyde from plywood is a common problem, and the addition of formaldehyde capture agents typically reduces the plywood bonding performance. In this paper, melamine(ME)@sodium alginate (SA)/ethyl cellulose (EC) double-shell microcapsules (MEM) were prepared for the first time by the sol-gel method. The preparation process was optimized by response surface methodology via Box-Behnken design, and the results were highly reliable. MEM showed good spheroidizing properties, and its coating rate reached 71.97%. When 8% MEM was added to plywood, the emission of formaldehyde decreased by 47.67%. Moreover, the bonding strength reached 1.27 MPa, which was 8.32% higher than that of the control group. This performance met both the mainstream E₀-grade formaldehyde emission standard as well as the national Class II plywood standard of China, solving the problem of formaldehyde pollution in the environment. Therefore, MEM addresses the trade-off between mitigating the harm to human health and avoiding a reduction in plywood performance when using formaldehyde scavengers. Compared with tea polyphenol@SA/EC(TPM) and sodium chlorite@SA/EC(CDM) with different core materials, MEM is a promising low-cost microcapsule agent. This research provides potential alternatives for improving indoor air quality, green building certification, and replacing traditional inefficient cleaning methods.