International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control最新文献

Multi-operator biogenic CO2 hub linked with electricity and heat markets 与电力和热能市场相关联的多运营商生物二氧化碳中心

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2026.104586

Jaakko Hyypiä, Hannu Karjunen, Tero Tynjälä

Carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) pathways have potential to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions by replacing fossil raw materials or storing CO₂ for long periods. CCUS of biogenic CO₂ would bring many benefits, but most point sources of such CO₂ are small in scale, and CCUS of biogenic CO₂ would thus require the combining of several CO₂ sources and the creation of CO₂ hubs. These CO₂ hubs would benefit from flexible operation of carbon capture, enabling cost savings by ramping down production during high energy prices or demand. This work aims to minimize the CO₂ cost of a CO₂ hub with a model capable of optimizing the operation with multiple point sources and dynamic energy demand and pricing. The selected case environment consisted of two combined heat and power (CHP) plants and a biogas plant. Relatively high capital costs lead carbon capture plants to operate at high capacity factors, whereas lower investment costs or higher energy prices lead to more flexible operation. Cost savings are achieved through the redistribution of heat production within the district heat network and therefore with a higher utilization rate of existing CHP plants. The results highlight the need for system level studies to include complex interactions between operators, and the findings can be used to inform feasibility assessments of future carbon capture plants and CO₂ hubs.

碳捕获、利用和封存（CCUS）途径有可能通过替代化石原料或长期封存二氧化碳来减少温室气体排放。生物源CO2的CCUS将带来许多好处，但大多数这种CO2的点源规模较小，因此生物源CO2的CCUS将需要将几个CO2源结合起来并创建CO2中心。这些二氧化碳中心将受益于碳捕获的灵活操作，在高能源价格或高需求期间通过降低产量来节省成本。本研究旨在通过一个能够优化多点能源、动态能源需求和定价的模型，将二氧化碳集线器的二氧化碳成本降至最低。所选的案例环境包括两个热电联产厂和一个沼气厂。相对较高的资本成本导致碳捕集厂以高容量系数运行，而较低的投资成本或较高的能源价格则导致更灵活的运行。通过在区域热网内重新分配热量生产，从而提高现有热电联产工厂的利用率，实现了成本节约。研究结果强调了系统级研究的必要性，包括运营商之间的复杂互动，研究结果可用于未来碳捕集厂和二氧化碳中心的可行性评估。

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引用次数: 0

Maximizing the CO2 storage capacity in the depleted oil reservoirs: A case study of a mature oil field in Cuu Long Basin, Vietnam 枯竭油藏中最大限度地提高二氧化碳储存能力：以越南Cuu Long盆地某成熟油田为例

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2026.104579

Trong Vinh Bui , Quoc Dung Ta

Among numerous potential candidates for the upcoming projects of carbon sequestration in Vietnam, several depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs in Cuu Long basin have been selected for permanent trapping of CO₂ underground. One of the most concerning issues associated with the injection technique is how to maximize the storage capacity of CO₂ with the available surface facilities and gas resources. In this study, we attempt to numerically identify the most feasible CO₂ injection method compatible with the current availability of the surface conditions for a mature oil field in Cuu Long basin. To this end, a total of twenty-one simulation cases are conducted on two different reservoir models, one of which represents a section of another full-scale model. In the small-scale model, sixteen injection cases of four scenarios are performed to address the effects of hydrocarbon gas, CO₂, and water-alternating-gas technique on the ultimate carbon storage capacity. The best performance in each scenario is then verified in the upscaled model. The results show that a period of gas injection with production allowed can improve up to 58% the ultimate storage capacity of CO₂ in the reservoir. When the amount of CO₂ is limited for a pre-slug, the injection of discharged hydrocarbon gas becomes the most relevant option to efficiently displace liquid from the pore space, favoring the subsequent CO₂ sequestration process. A buffer of a hydrocarbon gas for a certain period before the initiation of CO₂ also shows an extra 11% CO₂ being totally trapped in the field. The introduction of an aqueous phase under the water-alternating-gas technique helps increase a notable volume of oil production due to higher sweep efficiency, but it may partly impede the global occupancy of CO₂, eventually reducing total CO₂ storage capacity. Although the abovementioned results can be translated qualitatively between two reservoir models, however, a further inspection regarding the optimal injection timeline will be recommended for the full-scale model to deal with the upscaling issues.

在越南即将开展的碳封存项目的众多潜在候选项目中，Cuu Long盆地的几个枯竭的油气储层已被选中用于永久捕获二氧化碳的地下。与注入技术相关的最受关注的问题之一是如何利用现有的地面设施和天然气资源最大限度地提高二氧化碳的储存能力。在这项研究中，我们试图在数值上确定与目前Cuu Long盆地成熟油田地面条件相适应的最可行的CO2注入方法。为此，对两个不同的油藏模型进行了21个模拟案例，其中一个模型代表另一个全尺寸模型的一部分。在小规模模型中，进行了4种情况下的16个注入案例，以解决烃类气体、CO2和水-气交替技术对最终碳储量的影响。然后在升级模型中验证每个场景中的最佳性能。结果表明，在允许生产的情况下，一段时间的注气可使储层中CO2的最终储存量提高58%。当预段塞段的二氧化碳含量有限时，注入排出的烃类气体成为有效取代孔隙中液体的最相关选择，有利于后续的二氧化碳封存过程。在二氧化碳产生之前的一段时间内，碳氢化合物气体的缓冲也表明，额外的11%的二氧化碳被完全捕获在油田中。在水-气交替技术中引入水相，由于扫描效率更高，有助于显著提高产油量，但它可能在一定程度上阻碍了二氧化碳的全球占用，最终降低了二氧化碳的总储存容量。尽管上述结果可以在两种油藏模型之间进行定性转换，但是，建议对全尺寸模型进行进一步检查，确定最佳注入时间，以解决放大问题。

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引用次数: 0

Cyclic CO2 injection in shale reservoirs: A multiscale non-equilibrium evaluation of recovery and storage 页岩储层循环注入CO2：采收率和储量的多尺度非平衡评价

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2026.104592

Ming Ma, Hamid Emami-Meybodi

Shale oil formations offer significant potential to supplement the CO₂ storage of saline aquifers and depleted oil/gas reservoirs. However, methods designed for conventional systems are not directly applicable to shale due to multiscale heterogeneity and ultra-low permeability. Accordingly, we propose a multiscale, multicomponent numerical model to evaluate the performance of the injection process and carbon storage capacity through cyclic CO₂ injection, explicitly accounting for non-equilibrium thermodynamics. The shale reservoir is represented as a multiscale porous medium consisting of nanopores, macropores, and micro-fractures. Distinct transport and thermodynamic models are applied within each continuum, and non-equilibrium mass transfer between continua is modeled based on the multiple interacting continua approach. Results demonstrate that using a single-scale model may lead to underestimation of the performance of the injection process and its storage potential. Cyclic CO₂ injection enables additional hydrocarbon extraction from macropores and nanopores, thereby creating more pore space for CO₂ storage than direct CO₂ injection into depleted shale reservoirs. Furthermore, CO₂ diffusion from macropores to nanopores persists for more than a century after injection. A case study of a cyclic gas injection well in the Eagle Ford Shale estimates the total CO₂ storage capacity of an individual shale oil well to be approximately 0.22 million metric tons, a value lower than those observed in shale gas reservoirs and deep saline aquifers. Nonetheless, CO₂ storage in shale oil reservoirs remains attractive due to the significant oil recovery enhancement it provides, which can help offset the capital costs of CO₂ capture, transportation, and injection infrastructure.

页岩油层为补充含盐含水层和枯竭油气储层的二氧化碳储存提供了巨大的潜力。然而，由于页岩的多尺度非均质性和超低渗透率，为常规系统设计的方法并不直接适用于页岩。因此，我们提出了一个多尺度、多分量的数值模型来评估循环CO2注入过程的性能和碳储存能力，明确考虑非平衡热力学。页岩储层是由纳米孔、大孔和微裂缝组成的多尺度多孔介质。在每个连续体中应用不同的输运和热力学模型，并基于多重相互作用连续体方法建立连续体之间的非平衡传质模型。结果表明，使用单一尺度模型可能会导致低估注射过程的性能及其储存潜力。循环注入二氧化碳可以从大孔和纳米孔中提取更多的碳氢化合物，从而比直接注入二氧化碳到枯竭的页岩储层中创造更多的孔隙空间来储存二氧化碳。此外，二氧化碳从大孔向纳米孔的扩散在注入后持续了一个多世纪。Eagle Ford页岩的一口循环注气井的案例研究估计，单口页岩油井的总二氧化碳储存量约为22万吨，低于页岩气藏和深层盐水含水层的储存量。尽管如此，页岩油储层中的二氧化碳储存仍然具有吸引力，因为它可以显著提高石油采收率，有助于抵消二氧化碳捕获、运输和注入基础设施的资本成本。

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引用次数: 0

Operational study of a 200,000 tonne/yr partial oxy-fuel combustion CO2 capture project for cement production 用于水泥生产的20万吨/年部分氧燃料燃烧CO2捕集项目的运行研究

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2026.104585

Changhua Chen , Zhouzheng Jin , Xueping Peng , Chenghang Zheng , Xiang Gao

Oxy-fuel combustion presents a viable pathway for achieving near-zero carbon emissions in cement production, significantly reducing flue gas volume while enhancing CO₂ concentration to minimize capture costs. However, elevated CO₂ concentration impede raw meal decomposition in calciner, constituting a constraint for oxy-fuel combustion application. This study evaluated the world’s first industrial-scale 200,000 tonne/yr partial oxy-fuel combustion (oxy-fuel calciner) system in the cement sector, operational in China since 2024. The newly built oxy-fuel calciner operates with flexible transitions between air combustion, oxy-fuel combustion and hybrid combustion conditions, while the original rotary kiln and the pre-existing calciner remain to operate in air combustion condition. Operational results of the oxy-fuel calciner system indicated an average preheater outlet flue gas CO₂ concentration of 82.7 % in oxy-fuel combustion condition, marking a 47.5 % increase over air combustion, with a daily output of 667 tonnes of 99.95 % pure CO₂ production. To mitigate the inhibitory effects of high CO₂ on carbonate decomposition, calciner temperatures required elevation by 27–32 °C, achieving a raw meal calcination rate of 90–93 %. Notably, preheater outlet flue gas temperatures averaged 203 °C, 33 °C lower than air combustion, due to reduced gas volumes despite higher calciner temperatures. Real-time monitoring detected O₂ concentration variations, with air combustion at 1.7–2.6 %, hybrid combustion at 2.4–4.2 % and oxy-fuel operation at 2.0–5.2 %. The study also revealed that increased oxygen utilization exacerbates thermal and pressure instabilities, particularly impacting clinker free-CaO control in kiln operation.

全氧燃料燃烧是实现水泥生产中接近零碳排放的可行途径，可显著减少烟道量，同时提高二氧化碳浓度，以最大限度地降低捕集成本。然而，二氧化碳浓度的升高阻碍了煅烧炉中生料的分解，这对全氧燃料燃烧的应用构成了限制。本研究评估了世界上第一个工业规模的20万吨/年部分全氧燃料燃烧（全氧燃料煅烧）系统，该系统自2024年起在中国运营。新建的全氧煅烧炉在空气燃烧、全氧燃烧和混合燃烧工况之间灵活切换，而原有的回转窑和原有的煅烧炉仍在空气燃烧工况下运行。全氧燃烧煅烧系统的运行结果表明，在全氧燃烧条件下，预热器出口烟气二氧化碳平均浓度为82.7%，比空气燃烧提高47.5%，二氧化碳纯度为99.95%，日产量为667吨。为了减轻高CO2对碳酸盐分解的抑制作用，煅烧炉温度需要升高27-32°C，以实现90 - 93%的生料煅烧率。值得注意的是，预热器出口烟气温度平均为203°C，比空气燃烧低33°C，这是由于尽管煅烧炉温度较高，但气体体积减少。实时监测检测到O2浓度的变化，空气燃烧为1.7 - 2.6%，混合燃烧为2.4 - 4.2%，全氧燃烧为2.0 - 5.2%。研究还表明，氧气利用率的增加加剧了热和压力的不稳定性，特别是影响了窑运行中无熟料cao的控制。

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引用次数: 0

Life cycle assessment of four waste-to-energy plant configurations equipped with post-combustion carbon capture and storage 四种配备燃烧后碳捕获和储存的废物发电工厂配置的生命周期评估

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2026.104588

Laura Herraiz , Iain Struthers , Dan Su , Hasan Muslemani , Mathieu Lucquiaud , R. Camilla Thomson

When equipped with Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), Waste to Energy plants can directly reduce fossil carbon dioxide emissions from post-recycling residual waste while also re-capturing atmospheric carbon dioxide via the permanent geological storage of biogenic carbon uptake. Increasingly, municipal solid waste (MSW) is treated by incineration in dedicated plants where the heat from combustion is recovered via electricity generation and district heating. Post-combustion CO₂ capture with amine-based technology can achieve ultra-high CO₂ capture rates such that CO₂ generated in the combustion of the waste feedstock results in no direct CO₂ emissions to the atmosphere. The large biogenic content of residual waste feedstock presents a particular opportunity for bioenergy with CCS (BECCS).

A life cycle assessment LCA of the environmental impacts of a state-of-the-art WtE facility with CCS at ultra-high capture rates shows that adding CCS can provide a significant improvement in climate change impact, and achieve a net climate benefit. Without significant burden shifting to other environmental impact categories, the climate change impact of a WtE plant treating 500 tpd of MSW is reduced from 388 kg CO₂eq/t_MSW to -483 kg CO₂eq/t_MSW, with the biogenic CO₂ captured and permanently stored accounted as negative CO₂ emissions. When the avoided greenhouse gas emissions from electricity, district heating and material recovery are also included, the climate impact is -777 kg CO₂eq/t_MSW for a power-only WtE plant exporting 9.6 MW_e, and -907 kg CO₂eq/t_MSW for a combined heat and power WtE plant exporting 6.2 MW_e and 18.5 MW_th.

当配备碳捕集与封存（CCS）时，废物发电工厂可以直接减少回收后残余废物的化石二氧化碳排放，同时还可以通过生物源碳吸收的永久地质储存重新捕获大气中的二氧化碳。越来越多的城市固体废物（MSW）在专门的工厂进行焚烧处理，燃烧产生的热量通过发电和区域供热回收。基于胺基技术的燃烧后CO2捕集可以实现超高的CO2捕集率，从而使废原料燃烧过程中产生的CO2不会直接排放到大气中。残余废物原料的大量生物成分为CCS （BECCS）生物能源提供了一个特别的机会。采用超高捕集率CCS的最先进WtE设施的环境影响生命周期评估LCA表明，添加CCS可以显著改善气候变化影响，并实现净气候效益。在没有显著负担转移到其他环境影响类别的情况下，垃圾处理厂处理500吨/天的城市生活垃圾对气候变化的影响从388千克二氧化碳当量/吨城市生活垃圾减少到-483千克二氧化碳当量/吨城市生活垃圾，生物源二氧化碳被捕获并永久储存在负二氧化碳排放中。如果还包括电力、区域供热和材料回收所避免的温室气体排放，对于出口9.6 MWe的纯电力WtE厂，气候影响为-777 kg co2当量/tMSW，对于出口6.2 MWe和18.5 mth的热电联产WtE厂，气候影响为-907 kg co2当量/tMSW。

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引用次数: 0

Organic-inorganic carbon cycling: Implications for CO2 mineralization of brucite-bearing mine tailings 有机-无机碳循环：含水铅矿尾矿CO2矿化的意义

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2026.104591

Justin A. Lockhart , Ian M. Power , Kwon Rausis , Shaheen Akhtar , Robert Caldwell , David French

Enhanced weathering and mineralization of ultramafic tailings permanently stores carbon dioxide (CO₂) within stable carbonate minerals. Brucite [Mg(OH)₂], a minor phase (up to ∼13 wt.%) of ultramafic tailings, offers substantial potential for CO₂ sequestration, yet its carbonation is limited by CO₂ supply. Here, we propose coupling organic and inorganic carbon cycling to accelerate brucite carbonation by amending ultramafic tailings with waste organics, a strategy often employed for remediation. This study aimed to understand the influence of tailings grain size and organics content on brucite carbonation and tailings cementation. Column experiments (∼20 cm height, 10 weeks) involved layering waste organics and brucite-bearing tailings (2 wt.%) of different grain sizes (<63, 63–125, and 125–250 μm) and were compared to controls of organics and tailings only. Average carbonation rates for amended columns (102 kg CO₂/t tailings/yr) were ∼8 × faster than tailings controls (13 kg CO₂/t tailings/yr) that were only exposed to laboratory CO₂ concentrations. Reacted tailings had depleted ¹³C compositions (δ¹³C = −10.9‰ to −9.9‰ VPDB) relative to initial tailings (−6.4‰), indicating incorporation of respired CO₂. Cylindrical tests using compacted mixtures of tailings and organic matter exhibited 16–63% brucite carbonation along with unconfined compressive strengths of 0.08–0.51 MPa, a co-benefit of brucite carbonation. Our study demonstrates that using waste organics significantly accelerates brucite carbonation, which has implications for the remediation of ultramafic tailings. This proposed passive remediation system exploits an inexpensive CO₂ source for rapid carbonation, which can reduce net CO₂ emissions after mine closure.

超镁铁尾矿的风化和矿化作用增强，将二氧化碳永久储存在稳定的碳酸盐矿物中。水镁石[Mg(OH)2]是超镁铁尾矿的一个次要相（高达~ 13 wt.%），具有巨大的二氧化碳封存潜力，但其碳化受到二氧化碳供应的限制。在这里，我们提出了有机碳和无机碳耦合循环，通过用废有机物修正超镁铁尾矿来加速水镁石碳酸化，这是一种通常用于修复的策略。本研究旨在了解尾矿粒度和有机物含量对水镁石碳酸化和尾矿胶结的影响。柱实验（~ 20 cm高，10周）涉及将不同粒径（<；63、63 - 125和125-250 μm）的废有机物和含水镁石尾矿（2 wt.%）分层，并与仅为有机物和尾矿的对照组进行比较。修正柱的平均碳化率（102 kg CO2/t尾矿/年）比仅暴露于实验室二氧化碳浓度的尾矿对照组（13 kg CO2/t尾矿/年）快8倍。反应后的尾矿中13C含量（δ13C = - 10.9‰~ - 9.9‰VPDB）明显低于初始尾矿（- 6.4‰），表明其中有呼吸CO2的掺入。采用压实尾砂和有机物混合物进行的柱形试验显示，水镁石碳化率为16-63%，无侧限抗压强度为0.08-0.51 MPa，这是水镁石碳化的共同优势。我们的研究表明，使用废有机物显著加速水镁石碳酸化，这对超镁铁尾矿的修复具有重要意义。提出的被动修复系统利用廉价的二氧化碳源进行快速碳化，可以减少矿山关闭后的二氧化碳净排放量。

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引用次数: 0

Monitoring CO2 mineralisation and dissolution at CarbFix2 using inherent isotopes of CO2, H2O and noble gases 利用二氧化碳、水和稀有气体的固有同位素监测二氧化碳在CarbFix2的矿化和溶解

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2026.104584

C.M. Holdsworth , B. Chen , L. Tamraz , S.Ó. Snæbjörnsdóttir , M.J. Voigt , B. Sigfússon , G. Johnson , F.M. Stuart , A.J. Boyce , R.S. Haszeldine , S.M.V. Gilfillan

Mineralising CO₂ in mafic and ultramafic geological reservoirs is a rapid and durable means of CO₂ storage. To date, verification of mineralisation storage has primarily relied upon externally added or indirect geochemical tracers. Here, we use changes in inherent CO_2, H₂O and noble gas isotope ratios to monitor CO₂ dissolution and mineralisation at the CarbFix2 carbon capture and storage (CCS) project in Iceland. Reductions in CO₂/³He ratios between gas inlet and outlet samples of the CarbFix2 scrubbing tower indicate 49 ± 4 % CO₂ dissolution in water. We calculate that dissolved CO₂ has a CO₂/³He of 1.0 ± 0.1 × 10¹⁰ and a carbon isotope ratio (δ¹³C) of -5.0 ± 0.2 ‰ VPDB. CarbFix2 monitoring well isotope data record lower CO₂/³He and higher δ¹³C_CO2 than predicted by a baseline scenario where no mineralisation occurs. We model the evolution of injectate CO₂/³He and δ¹³C_CO2 for different chronologies of mineralisation and mixing at the reservoir temperature of 265 °C. Oxygen isotope ratios of H₂O (δ¹⁸O) are key for distinguishing between the remaining injectate and background CO₂ in monitoring wells because the combined effects of fractionation and CO₂ loss make injectate and background CO₂/³He and δ¹³C indistinguishable. Monitoring well data intersect modelled mineralisation scenarios at similar extents of mineralisation previously recorded. Uncertainties regarding background reservoir fluids and temporal variation of isotope data necessitate additional sampling to further validate this mineralisation verification at CarbFix2. Nevertheless, these initial results are promising for the wider application of inherent isotope tracers to monitor and verify in-situ CO₂ mineralisation.

在基性和超基性地质储层中矿化CO2是一种快速而持久的CO2储存手段。迄今为止，矿化储存的验证主要依赖于外部添加或间接的地球化学示踪剂。在冰岛的CarbFix2碳捕获和储存（CCS）项目中，我们利用固有二氧化碳、水和稀有气体同位素比率的变化来监测二氧化碳的溶解和矿化。CarbFix2洗涤塔进、出口样品的CO2/ 3he比值降低，表明水中CO2溶解度为49±4%。我们计算出溶解CO2的CO2/ 3he值为1.0±0.1 × 1010， δ13C值为-5.0±0.2‰VPDB。CarbFix2监测井的同位素数据记录了较低的CO2/3He和较高的δ13CCO2，比没有矿化的基线情景预测的要低。在265℃的储层温度下，模拟了不同矿化和混合年表下注入CO2/3He和δ13CCO2的演化。H2O （δ18O）氧同位素比值是监测井区分剩余注入和背景CO2的关键，因为分馏和CO2损失的综合作用使得注入和背景CO2/ 3he和δ13C难以区分。监测井数据与先前记录的类似矿化程度的模拟矿化情景相交叉。由于背景储层流体和同位素数据的时间变化的不确定性，需要进行额外的采样，以进一步验证CarbFix2的矿化验证。尽管如此，这些初步结果为更广泛地应用固有同位素示踪剂来监测和验证原位CO2矿化提供了希望。

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引用次数: 0

pH-equilibrated ocean alkalinization: Mesoscale evaluation of long-term stability ph平衡海洋碱化：长期稳定性的中尺度评价

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2026.104589

Samira Jamali Alamooti , Federico Comazzi , Eleonora Kratter Thaler , Sara Groppelli , Davide Calvi , Guido Raos , Piero Macchi

A new pH-equilibrated ocean alkalinization method was evaluated at the mesoscale level to assess the long-term stability of carbon retained as bicarbonate in seawater. Natural seawater was enriched in bicarbonate by reacting Ca(OH)₂ with CO₂ in natural seawater, adjusted to match ambient pH, and introduced into controlled mesocosms to increase the Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) content by 250 to 1990 µmol C/L above natural levels. The stability of chemical parameters in the mesocosms was monitored over a 76-day period. Under moderate alkalinization (≤1000 µmol C/L of added DIC), >90% of the added inorganic carbon remained stable for nearly two months. In contrast, treatments leading to an aragonite saturation state (Ω_Ar) exceeding 10, exhibited rapid declines in stability due to secondary carbonate precipitation and CO₂ degassing, particularly at high temperatures. While natural seawater salinity and pH did not directly induce instability, they modulated the carbonate saturation state and therefore they must be considered for a correct prediction of the system behavior. Seasonal fluctuations in seawater characteristics, namely salinity, temperature, and pH, were found to influence theoretical Ω_Ar and should be considered for alkalinity dosing and site selection. These findings underscore the importance of assessing real-time, site-specific conditions for effective and safe implementation.

在中尺度水平上，对一种新的ph平衡海洋碱化方法进行了评估，以评估海水中以碳酸氢盐形式保留的碳的长期稳定性。在天然海水中，通过Ca(OH)2与CO2反应富集碳酸氢盐，调节其与环境pH相匹配，并引入可控的介生态系统，使溶解无机碳（DIC）含量比自然水平提高250 ~ 1990µmol C/L。在76天的时间内监测了中生态系统中化学参数的稳定性。在中等碱化条件下（加入DIC≤1000µmol C/L）， 90%的无机碳在近两个月的时间内保持稳定。相比之下，导致文石饱和状态（ΩAr）超过10的处理，由于二次碳酸盐沉淀和二氧化碳脱气，特别是在高温下，稳定性迅速下降。虽然天然海水的盐度和pH值不会直接引起不稳定性，但它们调节了碳酸盐的饱和状态，因此必须考虑它们来正确预测系统的行为。海水特性的季节波动，即盐度、温度和pH值，被发现影响理论ΩAr，应考虑碱度剂量和选址。这些发现强调了评估实时、现场特定条件对于有效和安全实施的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Estimating the multi-scale distribution of CO2 using seismic data at Sleipner 利用Sleipner地震资料估算CO2的多尺度分布

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2026.104581

Philip Ringrose , Ricardo Martinez , Vetle Vinje , Joachim Mispel

Seismic data at the Sleipner CO₂ storage project are used to gain insights into the spatial distribution of CO₂, revealing the fraction of the pore volume occupied by CO₂ at different scales. The CO₂ storage capacity coefficient (C_c) is determined and then scaled by estimates of the fractional area and fractional volume occupied by CO₂ to determine a volume storage coefficient, V_c. Estimates of V_c are close to the independently determined maximum layer saturations for the case of CO₂ columns under conditions of gravity equilibrium. The analysis is useful for understanding the nature of CO₂ storage efficiency measures and for storage capacity estimates in general.

The methods were applied to a dataset derived from time-lapse RMS amplitude difference maps for 9 repeat surveys (1999–2020) and then compared to an FWI velocity model of the 2010 survey, which allowed a layer-by-layer analysis. The macroscopic storage efficiency at Sleipner is found be in the range of 1–6% depending on the reference pore volume used in the analysis, while the fraction of the within-plume pore space occupied by CO₂ within each layer is found to lie in range of 30% and 60%. The methods proposed here have the potential to significantly improve the quantitative analysis of seismic data used for monitoring other CO₂ storage sites.

利用Sleipner CO2封存项目的地震数据，深入了解CO2的空间分布，揭示不同尺度下CO2所占孔隙体积的比例。先确定CO2储存容量系数（Cc），然后根据CO2占用的部分面积和部分体积的估计值进行缩放，以确定体积储存系数Vc。对于重力平衡条件下的CO2柱，Vc的估计接近独立确定的最大层饱和度。该分析有助于理解二氧化碳储存效率措施的性质和一般的储存容量估计。将这些方法应用于从1999-2020年9次重复调查的时移RMS振幅差图中获得的数据集，然后与2010年调查的FWI速度模型进行比较，从而进行逐层分析。根据分析中使用的参考孔隙体积，Sleipner的宏观储气效率在1-6%之间，而CO2在每层中所占柱状孔隙空间的比例在30% - 60%之间。本文提出的方法有可能显著改善用于监测其他二氧化碳储存地点的地震数据的定量分析。

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引用次数: 0

Increasing carbon mitigation through enhanced oil recovery 通过提高石油采收率来减少碳排放

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2026.104580

YanJun Lu , QianBo Fan , JinXuan Han , ManPing Yang , JianGuo Ma , DaXin Zhou , HongJian Zhu , Yu Qi , HaoRan Ge

Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage - Enhanced Oil Recovery (CCUS-EOR) technology, as a key carbon reduction solution for achieving the goals of "carbon peak" and "carbon neutrality", has broad application prospects. Taking the Tree 16 block of Daqing Oilfield as an example, the system studied the methods for calculating and evaluating the emission reduction throughout the entire chain of the CCUS-EOR project. By identifying the emission sources of each system (CO₂ capture, oil displacement and storage), determining the equipment energy consumption, setting the accounting boundaries and baseline emissions, a carbon net emission reduction calculation model for the carbon capture and oil displacement storage process was established. The research results show that from 2014 to 2023, the cumulative energy consumption of the CO₂ injection equipment in Block 16 of the tree was 258,000 tons, and the cumulative net reduction in emissions reached 455,000 tons, with an emission reduction rate of 59.21%. This study not only confirmed that the CCUS-EOR technology in Block 16 of the tree has the dual benefits of reducing emissions and increasing production, but also provided key data support for creating a "low-carbon stable production" demonstration block, striving for policy and market advantages, and offering a systematic solution for the carbon emission reduction calculation of the CCUS-EOR technology. It is of great significance for promoting the integration of CCUS-EOR projects into the carbon trading market and achieving efficient development of carbon assets in CO₂-driven oil and gas field projects.

碳捕集、利用与封存-提高采收率（CCUS-EOR）技术作为实现“碳峰值”和“碳中和”目标的关键减碳解决方案，具有广阔的应用前景。该系统以大庆油田树16区块为例，研究了CCUS-EOR项目全链条减排量的计算与评价方法。通过确定各系统（CO2捕集、驱油和封存）的排放源，确定设备能耗，设置核算边界和基线排放，建立了碳捕集和驱油封存过程的碳净减排计算模型。研究结果表明，2014 - 2023年，采油树16区块CO2喷射设备累计能耗25.8万吨，累计净减排45.5万吨，减排率59.21%。本研究不仅证实了该采油树16区块CCUS-EOR技术具有减排和增产的双重效益，也为打造“低碳稳产”示范区块、争取政策和市场优势提供了关键数据支持，为CCUS-EOR技术的碳减排计算提供了系统解决方案。这对于推动CCUS-EOR项目融入碳交易市场，实现二氧化碳驱动油气田项目碳资产的高效开发具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0