International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control最新文献_第7页

Carbon capture & storage 2030: As the market takes shape, can Europe’s CO2 storage projects meet growing demand? 碳捕集与封存2030：随着市场的形成，欧洲的二氧化碳封存项目能否满足日益增长的需求？

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104505

Andrew J Cavanagh , Toby Lockwood

The carbon capture contribution to Europe’s 2030 net zero targets begins to clearly emerge from significant growth in recent project announcements and geological storage licensing, as well as new political strategies at the European Union and national level. Analysis of projects at various stages of development indicates that both the current EU (50 Mtpa) and recent UK (20–30 Mtpa) targets may be achieved if capture build-out and storage deadlines are met, access is improved and expected storage rates are exceeded. The addition of large European Economic Area (EEA) storage projects in Norway will likely be essential to meet EU demand and provide a contingency against storage capacity shortfalls. The analysis uses published sources to investigate the distribution and timing of CO₂ injection capacity for 33 projects across the region that have a reasonable chance of delivering megatonne storage in the near future. The outcomes project a low-mid-high range, equivalent to a pessimistic, expected, and optimistic outlook for 2030. Projects typically store 1–3 Mtpa. Expected national contributions range from small, e.g. 1 Mtpa for Bulgaria and Greece, to large, e.g. 12 Mtpa for Denmark and Norway. The data indicates that the EEA and UK may deliver a combined regional storage rate of 18–108 Mtpa by 2030, with an expected mid-range forecast of 60 Mtpa, i.e. slightly less than a 70–80 Mtpa aggregated net zero target for the EU and UK. Projects are heavily concentrated around the North Sea, leaving many emissions intensive regions with limited or costly access to storage.

碳捕获对欧洲2030年净零目标的贡献开始从最近的项目公告和地质储存许可的显着增长，以及欧盟和国家层面的新政治战略中明显体现出来。对处于不同发展阶段的项目的分析表明，如果能够满足捕获建设和存储的最后期限，改善访问并超过预期的存储率，那么当前欧盟（5000万吨/年）和最近英国（20-30万吨/年）的目标都可能实现。在挪威增加大型欧洲经济区（EEA）储能项目可能对满足欧盟需求和应对储能容量短缺至关重要。该分析使用已公布的资料，调查了该地区33个项目的二氧化碳注入能力的分布和时间，这些项目在不久的将来有合理的机会提供百万吨的储存。结果预测了一个低、中、高区间，相当于对2030年的悲观、预期和乐观展望。项目通常存储1-3百万吨。预期的国家捐款从小额（例如保加利亚和希腊每年100万美元）到大额（例如丹麦和挪威每年1200万美元）不等。数据显示，到2030年，欧洲经济区和英国的区域储能率可能达到18 - 1.08亿吨/年，预计中期预测为6000万吨/年，即略低于欧盟和英国的70-80亿吨/年净零目标。项目主要集中在北海附近，这使得许多排放密集地区的储存渠道有限或成本高昂。

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引用次数: 0

Techno-economic and environmental assessment of carbon capture and storage in northeastern U.S. industrial clusters 美国东北部工业集群碳捕获与封存的技术经济与环境评估

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104499

A.C. (Thanos) Bourtsalas , D. Goldberg , T. Zorn

This study evaluates the techno-economic and environmental performance of large-scale carbon capture and storage (CCS) deployment across 175 industrial facilities in the Northeastern United States, including fossil fuel power plants, cement, lime, glass, and waste-to-energy (WtE) plants—collectively emitting 147.2 million tons of CO₂ annually. A regional hub model was developed to leverage economies of scale, spatial clustering, and shared infrastructure for both onshore and offshore storage. Techno-economic analysis shows that onshore CCS achieves lower break-even prices ($44.5–46.7/ton CO₂) and higher NPV ($38.4–72.7 billion) than offshore CCS ($54.2–58.1/ton CO₂; NPV $27.2–55.4 billion). Life-cycle assessment reveals lower environmental burdens for onshore CCS (123.5 Mtons CO₂-eq vs. 136.2 Mtons for offshore), particularly when powered by renewables. Switching to offshore wind or hybrid wind–solar electricity can reduce life-cycle impacts by over 90 % across key TRACI indicators, including global warming and ecotoxicity. A multi-criteria evaluation across eight dimensions assigns a total score of 600/800 to onshore CCS and 545/800 to offshore. Onshore systems outperform in cost-efficiency, technical feasibility, and monitoring potential, while offshore CCS offers advantages in reducing land-use conflicts and improving public acceptance—making it a valuable option for coastal industrial clusters. Cement plants emerge as favorable candidates due to higher CO₂ concentrations. Fossil plants offer the greatest abatement potential, and WtE facilities present integration opportunities in urban settings. Though smaller in scale, lime and glass industries can benefit from cluster-based strategies. The findings highlight the importance of aligning CCS deployment with renewable electricity and recommend extending 45Q credit duration, streamlining permitting, and enabling regionally tailored strategies.

本研究评估了美国东北部175个工业设施大规模碳捕集与封存（CCS）部署的技术经济和环境绩效，包括化石燃料发电厂、水泥、石灰、玻璃和废物转化为能源（WtE）工厂，这些工厂每年总共排放1.472亿吨二氧化碳。开发了一个区域枢纽模型，以利用规模经济、空间集群和陆上和海上存储的共享基础设施。技术经济分析表明，与海上CCS（542 - 58.1美元/吨二氧化碳；NPV 272 - 554亿美元）相比，陆上CCS的盈亏平衡价格（445 - 46.7美元/吨二氧化碳）更低，净现值（384 - 727亿美元）更高。生命周期评估显示，陆上CCS的环境负担较低（1.350亿吨二氧化碳当量，而海上则为1.362亿吨），特别是在采用可再生能源的情况下。转向海上风能或风能-太阳能混合发电可以将包括全球变暖和生态毒性在内的关键TRACI指标的生命周期影响减少90%以上。在8个维度的多标准评估中，陆上CCS的总分为600/800，海上CCS的总分为545/800。陆上系统在成本效益、技术可行性和监测潜力方面优于海上系统，而海上CCS在减少土地使用冲突和提高公众接受度方面具有优势，使其成为沿海产业集群的一个有价值的选择。由于二氧化碳浓度较高，水泥厂成为首选。化石燃料发电厂提供了最大的减排潜力，而垃圾焚烧设施在城市环境中提供了整合机会。石灰和玻璃行业虽然规模较小，但可以从基于集群的战略中受益。研究结果强调了将CCS部署与可再生电力相结合的重要性，并建议延长45Q信用期限，简化许可程序，并实施区域定制战略。

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引用次数: 0

Modeling atmospheric impacts of amine emissions from post-combustion carbon capture systems 模拟燃烧后碳捕获系统排放的胺对大气的影响

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104532

Prakash Karamchandani , Tianyu Gao , Pradeepa Vennam , Greg Yarwood , Eladio Knipping , Abhoyjit S. Bhown

This paper describes the application of a photochemical puff model, the Second-Order Closure Integrated Puff Model with Chemistry (SCICHEM), to simulate the impacts of air emissions associated with amine-based post-combustion CO₂ capture. Amines react in the atmosphere with the hydroxyl (OH) radical and other oxidants to form potentially harmful products, such as nitrosamines and nitramines. Amines can also form particles with sulfuric acid that may be present in the amine absorber or in the atmosphere. Nitrosamines can photolyze back to the amino radical. Simulating these processes requires the use of a photochemical model that can provide concentrations of the oxidants that influence amine chemistry. In this work, SCICHEM was adapted to include the chemistry of three amines: monoethanolamine (MEA), 2-amino-2-methylpropanol (AMP) and piperazine (PZ). These solvents were chosen since more thermodynamic and kinetic data are available for these amines than for other proprietary amines. The model was applied to the Midwest and Gulf Coast regions in the United States to evaluate the air quality impacts of amine-based post-combustion carbon capture (PCCC) systems applied to natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) and coal-fired power plants. Three representative amine solvents (PZ, MEA, and CESAR 1, a blend of PZ and AMP) were studied, and configurations with water wash and with acid wash were used in the modeling. The results show that with water wash, the long-term annual average air concentrations of nitrosamines + nitramines for all three solvents are well below the exposure limit of 0.3 ng/m³ established by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH). However, the 98^th percentile of the 24 h averages of nitrosamine + nitramine are above the exposure limit, indicating some health concern from short-term exposure. Using acid wash resulted in significant reductions in nitrosamine + nitramine concentrations, as well as in total PM_2.5. For PZ and MEA, using acid wash reduced the peak 24 h and 98^th percentile 24 h nitrosamine + nitramine concentrations to below the limit. However, for some of the CESAR 1 solvent scenarios, the threshold is still exceeded when acid wash is used.

本文描述了光化学烟雾模型的应用，即二阶封闭化学综合烟雾模型（SCICHEM），以模拟与胺基燃烧后二氧化碳捕获相关的空气排放的影响。胺在大气中与羟基（OH）自由基和其他氧化剂发生反应，形成潜在的有害产物，如亚硝胺和硝胺。胺也可以与可能存在于胺吸收剂或大气中的硫酸形成颗粒。亚硝胺可以光解回氨基基。模拟这些过程需要使用光化学模型，该模型可以提供影响胺化学的氧化剂浓度。在这项工作中，scihem被改编为包括三种胺的化学：单乙醇胺（MEA）， 2-氨基-2-甲基丙醇（AMP）和哌嗪（PZ）。选择这些溶剂是因为这些胺比其他专有胺有更多的热力学和动力学数据。该模型应用于美国中西部和墨西哥湾沿岸地区，以评估天然气联合循环（NGCC）和燃煤电厂应用胺基燃烧后碳捕集（PCCC）系统对空气质量的影响。研究了三种代表性的胺溶剂（PZ， MEA和CESAR 1， PZ和AMP的混合物），并采用水洗和酸洗配置进行建模。结果表明，用水洗涤时，所有三种溶剂的亚硝胺+硝胺的长期年平均空气浓度远低于挪威公共卫生研究所（NIPH）确定的0.3纳克/立方米的暴露限值。然而，亚硝胺+硝胺的24小时平均值中有98个百分位高于暴露限值，表明短期暴露会带来一些健康问题。使用酸洗可以显著降低亚硝胺+硝胺浓度，以及PM2.5总量。对于PZ和MEA，酸洗使24 h峰值和第98百分位24 h亚硝胺+硝胺浓度降至限值以下。然而，对于一些CESAR 1溶剂场景，当使用酸洗时仍然超过阈值。

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引用次数: 0

Reactivity of glauconitic sandstones in CO2 experiments 海绿石砂岩在CO2实验中的反应性

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104501

Rikke Weibel , Samira Khani Rasmussen , Wael Fadi Al-Masri , Hanne D. Holmslykke , Andrew Fogden , Stephen Hillier , Nynke Keulen , Mette Olivarius , Knud Didriksen , Jesper Stokkendal , Niels H. Schovsbo

The Palaeogene glauconitic sandstones in the produced Nini West oilfield were successfully tested by pilot injection of ∼4 kT of CO₂ in the Spring 2023 and the application for permanent storage facility is now being evaluated at the Danish Energy Agency. The sandstones are unique by having 25–30 vol% glauconitic clasts, which consist of mixed-layer glauconitic mica/Fe-smectite. The objective of the presented study was to document the reactivity of the glauconitic sandstones with respect to deterioration and carbonation during CO₂ injection. Four flooding experiments were conducted at reservoir conditions whereby supercritical CO₂ (scCO₂) was injected in sandstone plugs saturated with synthetic brine mimicking the formation water. Different flow rates, brine volumes, presence of hydrocarbons, purity of CO₂ and numbers of cycles of brine and scCO₂ were used to evaluate how individual parameters affected the glauconitic sandstones. A range of techniques were used to characterise the sandstone samples before and after experiments, such as Micro-CT, petrographical investigations in optical and scanning electron microscope (SEM), automated quantitative mineralogy (AQM), bulk and clay mineralogy by X-ray diffraction (XRD).

The glauconitic clasts show a changed colour in optical microscope and had increased iron content (based on AQM) after the experiments, caused by intraclast precipitation of iron-oxide/hydroxide after partial dissolution of glauconitic clasts and/or corrosion of the test equipment. Dissolution grooves formed in K-feldspar overgrowth during some experiments show that K-feldspar dissolved when exposed to the acidic conditions arising when CO₂ with NO₂ and SO₂ was injected. Intensive dissolution of scattered calcite cement occurred in all experiments flooded with alternating CO₂ and brine. Alteration and dissolution of siderite rhombs intensified in samples without hydrocarbons present. Carbonate dissolution and glauconitic clast alterations resulted in slight decrease in geomechanical strength, although not viewed critical for reservoir integrity.

2023年春季，通过向Nini West油田中试注入约4 kT二氧化碳，成功测试了该油田的古近系海绿石砂岩，目前丹麦能源署正在评估永久储存设施的申请。该砂岩的独特之处在于含有25-30 vol%的海绿石碎屑，由混合层海绿石云母/铁蒙脱石组成。本研究的目的是记录海绿石砂岩在二氧化碳注入过程中变质和碳化的反应性。在油藏条件下进行了四次驱油实验，将超临界二氧化碳（scCO2）注入饱和的模拟地层水的合成盐水的砂岩塞中。利用不同的流速、卤水体积、碳氢化合物的存在、CO2的纯度以及卤水和scCO2的循环次数来评估各个参数对海绿石砂岩的影响。研究人员在实验前后使用了一系列技术来表征砂岩样品，如Micro-CT、光学和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）岩石学研究、自动定量矿物学（AQM）、x射线衍射（XRD）的体积和粘土矿物学。实验后的海绿石碎屑在光学显微镜下颜色发生变化，铁含量（基于AQM）增加，这是由于海绿石碎屑部分溶解后氧化铁/氢氧化物在岩屑内沉淀和/或试验设备腐蚀所致。在部分实验中，钾长石过度生长形成的溶解槽表明，当注入含有NO2和SO2的CO2时，钾长石在酸性条件下溶解。在CO2和卤水交替作用下，散粒方解石水泥均发生剧烈溶解。菱铁矿菱形的蚀变和溶解在没有碳氢化合物存在的样品中加剧。碳酸盐溶蚀和海绿石碎屑蚀变导致地质力学强度略有下降，但对储层完整性并不重要。

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引用次数: 0

Non-aqueous CO2 capture solvent corrosion results from testing at technology centre mongstad 在蒙斯塔德技术中心测试的非水二氧化碳捕获溶剂腐蚀结果

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104504

Katy E. Jessop, Paul D. Mobley, Jak Tanthana, Vijay Gupta, Marty A. Lail

RTI International demonstrated its non-aqueous CO₂ capture solvent (NAS) at Technology Centre Mongstad in 2022. A corrosion study was conducted to determine appropriate materials of construction for NAS capture plants and generate an accurate techno-economic analysis. Stainless steel, carbon steel, resin, and elastomer corrosion coupons were installed in five process locations to investigate corrosion rates under different temperature, CO₂ loading, flow velocity, and stream phase conditions. Following exposure, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, dye penetrant testing, and shore hardness measurements were used to evaluate the material characteristics. Carbon steels had excellent corrosion resistance under cold solvent stream and stripper overhead conditions indicating lower alloy steel may be used in these process areas; stainless steels had excellent performance under all conditions. ULTEM 1000 resin and EPDM-60A elastomer were not suitable for use with NAS, however Gislaved Gummi’s proprietary EPDM-XH withstood exposure to NAS. NAS’ low water content was critical to minimizing the formation and transport of corrosion and solvent degradation inducing ions, resulting in low corrosivity. Dissolved metals and solvent conductivity were monitored as an indicator of system corrosion. NAS had significantly less dissolved metals content when compared to similar testing with 30 wt% MEA, which can be attributed to the low NAS corrosivity. Literature correlations between CO₂ capture solvent conductivity and corrosion rates could not accurately predict the minimal NAS corrosion rates.

RTI国际公司于2022年在蒙斯塔德技术中心展示了其非水二氧化碳捕集溶剂（NAS）。进行了腐蚀研究，以确定适合NAS捕集厂的建筑材料，并产生准确的技术经济分析。在五个工艺位置安装了不锈钢、碳钢、树脂和弹性体腐蚀片，以研究不同温度、二氧化碳负荷、流速和流相条件下的腐蚀速率。曝光后，使用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、染料渗透测试和邵氏硬度测量来评估材料特性。碳钢在冷溶剂流和汽提塔顶置条件下具有优异的耐腐蚀性，表明在这些工艺领域可以使用低合金钢；不锈钢在各种条件下都具有优良的性能。ULTEM 1000树脂和EPDM-60A弹性体不适合与NAS一起使用，但Gislaved Gummi的专有EPDM-XH经受住了NAS的影响。NAS的低含水量对于最大限度地减少腐蚀和溶剂降解诱导离子的形成和传输至关重要，从而导致低腐蚀性。监测溶解金属和溶剂电导率作为系统腐蚀的指标。与30 wt% MEA的类似测试相比，NAS的溶解金属含量显著降低，这可归因于NAS的低腐蚀性。CO2捕集溶剂电导率与腐蚀速率之间的文献相关性不能准确预测最小NAS腐蚀速率。

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引用次数: 0

Regional pressure response to large-scale carbon storage in the bunter sandstone formation, Silverpit Basin (Southern North Sea, UK) 英国南北海Silverpit盆地bunter砂岩组大规模碳储量的区域压力响应

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104530

Mattia De Luca , Eric J. Mackay , Timothy R. Good , Vittorio Scisciani , Colin MacBeth , Stefano Patruno , Joseph Sutcliffe

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technologies play a pivotal role in mitigating anthropogenic carbon emissions by enabling the long-term subsurface sequestration of CO₂. These are essential for achieving international climate targets and supporting short- to mid-term mitigation strategies. Among potential storage sites, the extensive saline aquifer of the Bunter Sandstone in the Silverpit Basin has been identified as a high-capacity reservoir suitable for CCS deployment. With more CO₂ injection projects planned, understanding the broader aquifer sensitivity is essential.

This study investigates the influence of geological settings and boundary transmissibility on the aquifer response to large-scale CO₂ injection.

A regional model of the Silverpit was developed to simulate CO₂ injection at a rate of 1 Mt/yr/well over 50 years across 14 wells, followed by a 5000-year post-injection observation period to assess plume migration and pressure behaviour.

The findings indicate that the reservoir can safely accommodate approximately 700 Mt of supercritical CO₂. However, pressure footprint extends over tens of kilometres, underscoring the necessity of accurately characterising regional boundaries. Moreover, the latter significantly influences inter-regional flow dynamics, with observed inversions in flow direction. The structural setting of the Silverpit ensures effective CO₂ containment within four-way dip closures. A thorough understanding of these interactions is crucial for evaluating the potential need for brine production to manage reservoir pressure and mitigate pressure interference between storage licenses.

碳捕获与封存（CCS）技术通过实现二氧化碳的长期地下封存，在减少人为碳排放方面发挥着关键作用。这对于实现国际气候目标和支持短期至中期缓解战略至关重要。在潜在的储存地点中，Silverpit盆地Bunter砂岩的广泛含盐含水层已被确定为适合CCS部署的高容量储层。随着更多的二氧化碳注入项目的计划，了解更广泛的含水层敏感性至关重要。研究了地质环境和边界透射率对含水层大规模注入CO2响应的影响。开发了Silverpit的区域模型，模拟了14口井50年内以100万吨/年/井的速度注入二氧化碳，随后进行了5000年的注入后观察期，以评估烟羽迁移和压力行为。研究结果表明，该储层可以安全容纳约700 Mt的超临界CO2。然而，压力足迹延伸超过数十公里，强调了准确描述区域边界的必要性。此外，后者显著影响区域间流动动力学，在流动方向上观察到逆温。Silverpit的结构设置确保了有效的二氧化碳遏制在四个方向的倾斜封闭。全面了解这些相互作用对于评估盐水生产的潜在需求至关重要，以管理储层压力并减轻存储许可证之间的压力干扰。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced imaging of multi-layer CO2 plumes using full-waveform inversion: Insights from the Sleipner storage site 利用全波形反演增强多层CO2羽流成像：来自Sleipner存储站点的见解

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104517

Ricardo Martinez , Vetle Vinje , Joachim Mispel , Philip Ringrose , Alexey Stovas , Martin Landrø

In this study, we demonstrate the benefits of applying full-waveform inversion (FWI), for the imaging of multi-layer CO₂ plumes. We apply 3D FWI, up to 42 Hz, using the 2010 towed-streamer data from the Sleipner storage site offshore Norway. While the 3D FWI method does not aim to replace 4D FWI for CO₂ migration monitoring, the properties of the Utsira aquifer at Sleipner, with low stiffness and shallow burial depth, enable effective mapping of the CO₂ without the need of a repeated FWI application. Our FWI model and associated images offer a significant imaging improvement in the lower half of the plume compared with the legacy seismic data, revealing vertical CO₂ migration routes that have not been observed previously at the site. We show the limitations of reflection-based migration methods for imaging CO₂ migration pathways and demonstrate that FWI can improve their detection. The FWI model can support conventional time-lapse analyses by improving the interpretation of known CO₂ migration routes, by highlighting CO₂ layers with low reflectivity, and by attenuating multiples better. Our analysis suggests that CO₂ migration at Sleipner is likely controlled by several vertical communication routes, including chimneys, and linear structures, several hundreds of meters long, that connect multiple accumulations of CO₂. Within each layer, our analysis suggests buoyancy-driven, fill-to-spill migration, constrained by the topography of the sealing units. Finally, we conclude that, while simple CO₂ accumulations can be monitored successfully using reflection-based migration methods and analyses, multi-layered CO₂ plumes will greatly benefit from complementary analyses using FWI.

在这项研究中，我们展示了应用全波形反演（FWI）对多层CO2羽流成像的好处。我们使用了3D FWI，频率高达42 Hz，使用了2010年挪威近海Sleipner存储站点的拖曳拖缆数据。虽然3D FWI方法的目标不是取代4D FWI进行二氧化碳迁移监测，但Sleipner的Utsira含水层具有低刚度和浅埋深的特性，无需重复使用FWI即可有效绘制CO2。与传统的地震数据相比，我们的FWI模型和相关图像在羽流的下半部分提供了显着的成像改进，揭示了以前在现场未观察到的二氧化碳垂直迁移路线。我们展示了基于反射的迁移方法在成像CO2迁移路径方面的局限性，并证明了FWI可以改善它们的检测。FWI模型可以通过改进对已知二氧化碳迁移路线的解释，突出低反射率的二氧化碳层，以及更好地衰减倍数，来支持传统的延时分析。我们的分析表明，Sleipner的二氧化碳迁移可能受到几条垂直通信路线的控制，包括烟囱和数百米长的线性结构，这些结构连接了多个二氧化碳的积累。我们的分析表明，在每一层中，受密封单元地形的限制，浮力驱动的溢油迁移。最后，我们得出结论，虽然使用基于反射的迁移方法和分析可以成功地监测简单的二氧化碳积累，但多层二氧化碳羽流将极大地受益于使用FWI的补充分析。

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引用次数: 0

Deep learning model for fast, science-based forecasting of fluid migration along faults in geologic carbon storage scenarios 深度学习模型用于快速、科学地预测地质碳储存场景下沿断层的流体迁移

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104518

Hyeonseok Lee , Paul E. Kim , Shaowen Mao , Shuojia Fu , Axel P. Indro , Seunghwan Baek , Nate Mitchell , Mohamed Mehana

Effective long-term geologic storage depends on robust site selection and credible, science-based forecasting of subsurface behavior to ensure storage integrity. We develop a deep learning–based reduced-order model (ROM) to quantify potential carbon dioxide (CO₂) and brine migration through geological faults. The ROM combines a Transformer model for binary classification and a Stacked Ensemble for regression, trained on a comprehensive dataset generated from 1400 physics-based reservoir simulations. Key geologic and operational parameters—including fault geometry, reservoir structure, and injection conditions—were systematically varied to capture a wide range of fluid migration scenarios. The ROM accurately predicts the onset of migration, cumulative migration volumes of both CO₂ and brine, and associated migration rates, as compared to an independent set of validation simulations, while significantly reducing computational cost compared to traditional simulation methods. Model performance was evaluated across diverse fault configurations, revealing that shallow reservoir geometry and fault angle are among the most influential factors governing migration behavior. Sensitivity analysis using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) provided interpretability, revealing distinct patterns in how geological and operational features drive transient versus cumulative migration outcomes. The ROM’s ability to rapidly simulate fault migration scenarios enables efficient sensitivity analyses, scenario evaluations, and decision support for site selection and monitoring design. This approach enhances the safety, scalability, and long-term operational performance of geologic carbon storage (GCS) systems by providing a robust, interpretable tool for predicting subsurface fluid migration and assessing fault-related migration potential.

有效的长期地质储存依赖于可靠的选址和可靠的、基于科学的地下行为预测，以确保储存的完整性。我们开发了一种基于深度学习的降阶模型（ROM）来量化潜在的二氧化碳（CO₂）和盐水通过地质断层的迁移。ROM结合了用于二元分类的Transformer模型和用于回归的堆叠集成，并在1400个基于物理的油藏模拟生成的综合数据集上进行了训练。系统地改变了关键的地质和操作参数，包括断层几何形状、储层结构和注入条件，以捕获广泛的流体运移场景。与一组独立的验证模拟相比，ROM准确地预测了迁移的开始、CO₂和盐水的累积迁移体积以及相关的迁移速率，同时与传统的模拟方法相比，显著降低了计算成本。模型在不同断层配置下的性能评估表明，浅层油藏几何形状和断层角度是影响运移行为的最重要因素。使用SHapley加性解释（SHAP）的敏感性分析提供了可解释性，揭示了地质和操作特征如何驱动瞬态和累积迁移结果的不同模式。该ROM能够快速模拟故障迁移场景，从而实现高效的敏感性分析、场景评估以及对选址和监测设计的决策支持。这种方法为预测地下流体运移和评估断层相关的运移潜力提供了一种强大的、可解释的工具，从而提高了地质碳存储（GCS）系统的安全性、可扩展性和长期运行性能。

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引用次数: 0

Applications of chemical monitoring technologies for sub-sea CCS; Sensor assessment, baseline measurement and natural variability 海底CCS化学监测技术的应用传感器评估、基线测量和自然变异性

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104516

Erik van Ooijen , Abraham Passmore , Joanne Myers , Andrew Ross

Sub-sea carbon dioxide (CO₂) storage on a commercial scale will require baseline measurements and ongoing monitoring of the biochemical signal of the water column above a storage complex to understand natural variation at the injection site and to be able to distinguish this from a potential leak from the storage structure. Here we discuss the performance of a suite of chemical sensors on various platforms and the observed biogeochemical signals within a near-shore dynamic environment in the Bass Strait, Gippsland, Australia. These sensors were deployed on seabed landers, surface moorings, Saildrone unmanned surface vehicle (USV) and a crewed vessel demonstrating reliable and high-quality, near real-time data return. We discuss the baseline signal and natural variability of the biochemical parameters at the study site and its relevance in the context of CCS monitoring.

商业规模的海底二氧化碳（CO2）储存将需要基线测量和持续监测储存库上方水柱的生化信号，以了解注入点的自然变化，并能够将其与储存结构的潜在泄漏区分开来。在这里，我们讨论了一套化学传感器在各种平台上的性能，以及在澳大利亚吉普斯兰巴斯海峡近岸动态环境中观察到的生物地球化学信号。这些传感器部署在海底着陆器、水面系泊、Saildrone无人水面航行器（USV）和一艘载人船只上，展示了可靠、高质量、近实时的数据返回。我们讨论了基线信号和生物化学参数的自然变异性在研究地点及其在CCS监测背景下的相关性。

引用次数: 0

Assessment of carbon dioxide quality from industrial point sources for carbon utilization 碳利用工业点源二氧化碳质量评价

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104527

Tuula Kajolinna , Siarhei Balshakou , Joonas Mustonen

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is increasingly viewed not only as a climate liability but also as a potential feedstock in circular carbon strategies. However, its practical utilization critically depends on both its chemical composition – including application-specific impurity tolerances – and its origin, whether fossil-based or biogenic. This study presents a comprehensive compositional assessment of CO₂-rich streams from twelve industrial point sources in Finland, with a special focus on biogas upgrading facilities employing diverse purification technologies (membrane separation, water/amine scrubbing, pressure swing absorption (PSA)). Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), gas chromatograph (GC), adsorption tubes and biogenicity analysis, key impurities affecting downstream suitability for five major applications –food, medical, fuel synthesis, greenhouse use, and permanent storage – were identified, along with the assessment of biogenicity of streams.

The results indicate that measured membrane-based upgrading plants provided the most suitable CO₂ quality (95.9–97.3 vol-%) for high-purity applications, including the food and beverage industry, medicinal use, and chemical production. This stream requires only limited removal of residual moisture, nitrogen, and oxygen, although elevated concentrations of methane and hydrogen remain a challenge. In contrast, amine scrubbing and PSA processes exhibited higher impurity levels, particularly hydrogen sulfide and volatile organic compounds. Nevertheless, CO₂-rich off-gas streams from biogas upgrading plants can be directly applied to greenhouse enrichment and concrete curing when appropriate dilutions are performed. Biogenicity values of almost 100 % modern ¹⁴C for biogas plants confirm that these CO₂ streams originate fully from renewable sources, which is critical for regulatory compliance and carbon accounting.

二氧化碳（CO2）越来越被视为不仅是一种气候负担，而且是循环碳战略的潜在原料。然而，它的实际利用在很大程度上取决于它的化学成分——包括特定应用的杂质耐受性——以及它的来源，是化石基的还是生物源的。本研究对芬兰12个工业点源的富二氧化碳流进行了全面的成分评估，特别关注采用多种净化技术（膜分离、水/胺洗涤、变压吸收（PSA））的沼气升级设施。利用傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）、气相色谱仪（GC）、吸附管和生物原性分析，确定了影响下游五大应用（食品、医疗、燃料合成、温室使用和永久储存）适用性的关键杂质，并对溪流的生物原性进行了评估。结果表明，所测的膜基升级装置为高纯度应用提供了最合适的CO2质量（95.9-97.3 vol-%），包括食品和饮料工业，医药用途和化工生产。尽管高浓度的甲烷和氢气仍然是一个挑战，但这种水流只需要有限地去除残留的水分、氮和氧。相比之下，胺洗涤和PSA工艺表现出更高的杂质水平，特别是硫化氢和挥发性有机化合物。然而，当进行适当的稀释时，来自沼气升级厂的富含二氧化碳的废气流可以直接应用于温室富集和混凝土养护。沼气厂几乎100%的现代14C生物原性值证实，这些二氧化碳流完全来自可再生能源，这对于遵守法规和碳核算至关重要。

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引用次数: 0