International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control最新文献_第6页

Assessing CO2 storage capacity in fractured carbonate reservoirs: A case study of the Asmari Reservoir, Iran 评估裂缝性碳酸盐岩储层的二氧化碳储存能力：以伊朗Asmari储层为例

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104537

Ahmad Azadivash , Ahmad Reza Rabbani , Sahar Bakhshian , Vali Mehdipour

The feasibility of geological CO₂ storage in the Asmari naturally fractured carbonate reservoir was assessed using an integrated workflow that combined high-resolution 3D geological modeling with reactive-transport simulation. The reservoir model incorporated seismic data, well log information, and discrete fracture networks. This model was upscaled for multiphase flow simulations to evaluate injection and storage dynamics under realistic reservoir conditions. To assess the effects on CO₂ trapping mechanisms, ten sensitivity scenarios were performed. These scenarios varied the injection rate, injection duration, maximum residual gas saturation, capillary pressure, fracture spacing, and storage. Results demonstrated that higher injection rates led to rapid plume migration and increased structural trapping. In contrast, lower injection rates and extended injection periods enhanced CO₂-brine interactions, resulting in greater solubility and residual trapping during the post-injection phase. The inclusion of capillary pressure limited buoyancy-driven ascent, promoted lateral plume dispersion, and improved overall trapping efficiency. Denser fracture networks increased near-well retention and matrix exchange, thereby enhancing residual trapping, while wider fracture spacing facilitated broader structural storage. Mineral trapping was negligible over extended timescales due to acidic and saline brine conditions, as well as limited matrix interaction. These findings inform the optimization of injection strategies and well placement in fractured carbonate reservoirs. The results underscore the significant roles of capillary, viscous, and fracture controls in CO₂ storage, indicating the need for pH-buffering strategies or long-term field validation to enhance mineralization potential.

采用高分辨率三维地质建模与反应输送模拟相结合的集成工作流程，对Asmari天然裂缝型碳酸盐岩储层进行地质CO2封存的可行性进行了评估。储层模型结合了地震数据、测井信息和离散裂缝网络。该模型被扩展用于多相流模拟，以评估实际油藏条件下的注入和储存动态。为了评估对CO2捕集机制的影响，我们执行了10个敏感性情景。这些场景改变了注入速率、注入时间、最大残余气饱和度、毛细管压力、裂缝间距和储存量。结果表明，较高的注入速率导致羽流快速迁移和构造圈闭增加。相比之下，较低的注入速率和较长的注入周期增强了co2 -盐水的相互作用，从而在注入后阶段产生更大的溶解度和残留圈闭。毛管压力限制了浮力驱动的上升，促进了羽流横向扩散，提高了整体捕集效率。致密的裂缝网络增加了近井截留和基质交换，从而增强了残余圈闭，而更宽的裂缝间距有助于更广泛的构造储集。由于酸性和盐水条件以及有限的基质相互作用，在延长的时间尺度上，矿物捕获可以忽略不计。这些发现为裂缝性碳酸盐岩储层的注入策略和井位优化提供了依据。研究结果强调了毛细管、粘性和裂缝控制在二氧化碳储存中的重要作用，表明需要采用ph缓冲策略或长期现场验证来提高矿化潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of carbon dioxide quality from industrial point sources for carbon utilization 碳利用工业点源二氧化碳质量评价

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104527

Tuula Kajolinna , Siarhei Balshakou , Joonas Mustonen

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is increasingly viewed not only as a climate liability but also as a potential feedstock in circular carbon strategies. However, its practical utilization critically depends on both its chemical composition – including application-specific impurity tolerances – and its origin, whether fossil-based or biogenic. This study presents a comprehensive compositional assessment of CO₂-rich streams from twelve industrial point sources in Finland, with a special focus on biogas upgrading facilities employing diverse purification technologies (membrane separation, water/amine scrubbing, pressure swing absorption (PSA)). Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), gas chromatograph (GC), adsorption tubes and biogenicity analysis, key impurities affecting downstream suitability for five major applications –food, medical, fuel synthesis, greenhouse use, and permanent storage – were identified, along with the assessment of biogenicity of streams.

The results indicate that measured membrane-based upgrading plants provided the most suitable CO₂ quality (95.9–97.3 vol-%) for high-purity applications, including the food and beverage industry, medicinal use, and chemical production. This stream requires only limited removal of residual moisture, nitrogen, and oxygen, although elevated concentrations of methane and hydrogen remain a challenge. In contrast, amine scrubbing and PSA processes exhibited higher impurity levels, particularly hydrogen sulfide and volatile organic compounds. Nevertheless, CO₂-rich off-gas streams from biogas upgrading plants can be directly applied to greenhouse enrichment and concrete curing when appropriate dilutions are performed. Biogenicity values of almost 100 % modern ¹⁴C for biogas plants confirm that these CO₂ streams originate fully from renewable sources, which is critical for regulatory compliance and carbon accounting.

二氧化碳（CO2）越来越被视为不仅是一种气候负担，而且是循环碳战略的潜在原料。然而，它的实际利用在很大程度上取决于它的化学成分——包括特定应用的杂质耐受性——以及它的来源，是化石基的还是生物源的。本研究对芬兰12个工业点源的富二氧化碳流进行了全面的成分评估，特别关注采用多种净化技术（膜分离、水/胺洗涤、变压吸收（PSA））的沼气升级设施。利用傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）、气相色谱仪（GC）、吸附管和生物原性分析，确定了影响下游五大应用（食品、医疗、燃料合成、温室使用和永久储存）适用性的关键杂质，并对溪流的生物原性进行了评估。结果表明，所测的膜基升级装置为高纯度应用提供了最合适的CO2质量（95.9-97.3 vol-%），包括食品和饮料工业，医药用途和化工生产。尽管高浓度的甲烷和氢气仍然是一个挑战，但这种水流只需要有限地去除残留的水分、氮和氧。相比之下，胺洗涤和PSA工艺表现出更高的杂质水平，特别是硫化氢和挥发性有机化合物。然而，当进行适当的稀释时，来自沼气升级厂的富含二氧化碳的废气流可以直接应用于温室富集和混凝土养护。沼气厂几乎100%的现代14C生物原性值证实，这些二氧化碳流完全来自可再生能源，这对于遵守法规和碳核算至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Numerical sensitivity analysis of cement sheath bond integrity for CO2 injection wells under pressure and thermal loading 压力和热载荷作用下CO2注水井固井环结完整性数值敏感性分析

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104525

Lee J. Hosking , Yazeed A. Al-Noaimat , Xiangming Zhou , Renato Zagorscak , Steven Benbow , Richard Metcalfe

This paper presents a numerical analysis of CO₂ injection well integrity, focusing on degradation of cement sheath bonds with the casing and caprock. The cement sheath and caprock are modelled as thermo-poroelastic materials subject to coupled thermal, hydraulic, and mechanical behaviour. Debonding at the cement-casing and cement-formation interfaces is explicitly modelled in the finite element formulation using a cohesive zone model. A mixed-mode traction-separation failure criterion is employed to capture progressive failure under tension and shear. 144 simulation scenarios are considered for practical ranges of CO₂ injection pressure (15–23 MPa) and temperature (0–15 °C) sustained for 30 days in a well system at 1.5 km depth. Predictions are compared based on the timeframe of damage development and the apertures of any resulting microannuli. For the system studied, CO₂ injection conditions align with the ‘window’ of damage initiation and development at the cement-casing interface, whilst no damage is predicted at the cement-formation interface. Thermal loading has a greater influence on damage development than pressure loading, with lower injection pressures and temperatures producing earlier damage onset and larger microannulus apertures. Higher injection pressures somewhat mitigate damage by counteracting thermal contraction of the system, although this pressure effect would be less pronounced for a real well completion considering the injection tubing and A-annulus fluid. Once initiated, damage develops rapidly and has typically fully evolved within one day. These findings contribute to robust CO₂ storage risk assessments and support planning of corrective measures to ensure long-term wellbore integrity during geological CO₂ storage.

本文对CO 2注水井的完整性进行了数值分析，重点分析了水泥环与套管和盖层粘结的降解情况。水泥环和盖层被建模为受热、水力和机械耦合行为影响的热孔弹性材料。水泥-套管和水泥-地层界面的脱粘在有限元公式中使用内聚区模型进行了明确的建模。采用混合模式牵引-分离破坏准则来描述拉剪作用下的渐进性破坏。在1.5 km深度的井系统中，持续30天的CO 2注入压力（15 - 23mpa）和温度（0-15°C）的实际范围内，考虑了144种模拟场景。根据损伤发展的时间框架和任何产生的微环空的孔径对预测结果进行比较。对于所研究的系统，CO 2注入条件与水泥-套管界面的损伤发生和发展“窗口”一致，而水泥-地层界面没有预测损伤。与压力加载相比，热加载对损伤发展的影响更大，较低的注入压力和温度会导致更早的损伤发生和更大的微环空孔径。通过抵消系统的热收缩，较高的注入压力在一定程度上减轻了损害，尽管考虑到注入油管和a环空流体，这种压力效应在实际完井中并不明显。一旦开始，损害发展迅速，通常在一天内完全演变。这些发现有助于进行可靠的CO₂储存风险评估，并支持纠正措施的规划，以确保地质CO₂储存期间的长期井筒完整性。

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引用次数: 0

Carbon capture & storage 2030: As the market takes shape, can Europe’s CO2 storage projects meet growing demand? 碳捕集与封存2030：随着市场的形成，欧洲的二氧化碳封存项目能否满足日益增长的需求？

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104505

Andrew J Cavanagh , Toby Lockwood

The carbon capture contribution to Europe’s 2030 net zero targets begins to clearly emerge from significant growth in recent project announcements and geological storage licensing, as well as new political strategies at the European Union and national level. Analysis of projects at various stages of development indicates that both the current EU (50 Mtpa) and recent UK (20–30 Mtpa) targets may be achieved if capture build-out and storage deadlines are met, access is improved and expected storage rates are exceeded. The addition of large European Economic Area (EEA) storage projects in Norway will likely be essential to meet EU demand and provide a contingency against storage capacity shortfalls. The analysis uses published sources to investigate the distribution and timing of CO₂ injection capacity for 33 projects across the region that have a reasonable chance of delivering megatonne storage in the near future. The outcomes project a low-mid-high range, equivalent to a pessimistic, expected, and optimistic outlook for 2030. Projects typically store 1–3 Mtpa. Expected national contributions range from small, e.g. 1 Mtpa for Bulgaria and Greece, to large, e.g. 12 Mtpa for Denmark and Norway. The data indicates that the EEA and UK may deliver a combined regional storage rate of 18–108 Mtpa by 2030, with an expected mid-range forecast of 60 Mtpa, i.e. slightly less than a 70–80 Mtpa aggregated net zero target for the EU and UK. Projects are heavily concentrated around the North Sea, leaving many emissions intensive regions with limited or costly access to storage.

碳捕获对欧洲2030年净零目标的贡献开始从最近的项目公告和地质储存许可的显着增长，以及欧盟和国家层面的新政治战略中明显体现出来。对处于不同发展阶段的项目的分析表明，如果能够满足捕获建设和存储的最后期限，改善访问并超过预期的存储率，那么当前欧盟（5000万吨/年）和最近英国（20-30万吨/年）的目标都可能实现。在挪威增加大型欧洲经济区（EEA）储能项目可能对满足欧盟需求和应对储能容量短缺至关重要。该分析使用已公布的资料，调查了该地区33个项目的二氧化碳注入能力的分布和时间，这些项目在不久的将来有合理的机会提供百万吨的储存。结果预测了一个低、中、高区间，相当于对2030年的悲观、预期和乐观展望。项目通常存储1-3百万吨。预期的国家捐款从小额（例如保加利亚和希腊每年100万美元）到大额（例如丹麦和挪威每年1200万美元）不等。数据显示，到2030年，欧洲经济区和英国的区域储能率可能达到18 - 1.08亿吨/年，预计中期预测为6000万吨/年，即略低于欧盟和英国的70-80亿吨/年净零目标。项目主要集中在北海附近，这使得许多排放密集地区的储存渠道有限或成本高昂。

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引用次数: 0

The importance of whole system considerations for sustainable, long-term CO2 injection and storage: Interplay between infrastructure-related corrosion and reservoir rock chemistry effects on the evolution of the CO2 storage capacity 考虑整个系统对可持续、长期的CO2注入和储存的重要性：基础设施相关腐蚀和储层岩石化学效应对CO2储存能力演变的相互作用

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104520

Frederick Pessu , Alice Macente , Olujide Sanni , Sandra Piazolo

As global emissions fail to reduce rapidly, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is attracting ever-growing attention. CCS involves capturing, treating, transporting and storing CO₂ to ensure its long-term removal from the atmosphere. To design a viable CCS system, the different interactions and impacts of injected CO₂ (either as sub-critical or supercritical fluid) across the whole CCS system need to be considered. However, it is unclear how changes in fluid chemistry and the pre-existing reservoir rock chemistry influence the evolution of the two key storage properties, porosity and permeability.

This study investigates how upstream corrosion-induced fluid chemistry changes and realistic rock composition could affect the injectivity and storage capacity of reservoirs. The condition and material chosen for this project fall into the possible envelope of conditions of interest during CO₂ injection and storage. Corrosion occurring during CO₂ injection through saline aquifers was simulated at 40 bar, 60°C for two weeks, using X65 carbon and ¹³Cr steel. The fluid resulting from the experimental fluid-metal interaction was then reacted at ∼40 bar, 60°C for another two weeks with two fine-grained arkoses, with and without lithic clast, representative of siliciclastic reservoir rocks.

Results show that upstream corrosion caused a change in fluid chemistry and decreased fluid acidity. The corrosion-induced chemical changes had a marked effect on the evolution of porosity and permeability within the reservoir rocks. The storage capacity of reservoir rocks with diverse mineralogy is highly dynamic, and directly affected by rock chemical composition and, importantly, the chemical evolution of the incoming fluid.

由于全球碳排放无法迅速减少，碳捕获与封存（CCS）正日益受到人们的关注。CCS包括捕获、处理、运输和储存二氧化碳，以确保其从大气中长期去除。为了设计一个可行的CCS系统，需要考虑注入的二氧化碳（无论是亚临界还是超临界流体）在整个CCS系统中的不同相互作用和影响。然而，目前尚不清楚流体化学和储层岩石化学的变化如何影响孔隙度和渗透率这两个关键储集性质的演化。研究了上游腐蚀引起的流体化学变化和实际岩石成分对储层注入能力和储集能力的影响。在二氧化碳注入和储存过程中，为这个项目选择的条件和材料可能属于感兴趣的条件。采用X65碳和13Cr钢，模拟了在40 bar、60°C条件下注入含盐含水层二氧化碳两周的腐蚀过程。然后，实验流体-金属相互作用产生的流体在~ 40 bar， 60°C下与两种细粒粗砂岩（含和不含岩屑）反应两周，这些细粒粗砂岩代表了硅质碎屑储层岩石。结果表明，上游腐蚀导致流体化学性质发生变化，流体酸度降低。腐蚀引起的化学变化对储层岩石孔隙度和渗透率的演化有显著影响。不同矿物学特征的储层岩石的储集能力是高度动态的，它直接受到岩石化学成分的影响，更重要的是受到流入流体化学演化的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Numerical simulation of viscous fingering in CO₂ storage: Addressing the limitations of laboratory-derived relative permeabilities CO₂储存中粘性指进的数值模拟：解决实验室推导的相对渗透率的局限性

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104523

S.A. Larki , A. Skauge , K.S. Sorbie , E.J. Mackay

Gas injection in CCS is an unstable displacement process due to the viscosity contrast between injected gas and in-situ brine, a fact often overlooked in CO₂ storage modelling. Most studies estimating relative permeability (Relperms) for CCS rely on conventional methods. This paper applies a novel approach that explicitly considers viscous instability from injecting low-viscosity gas into more viscous brine. Based on our earlier studies (A. Beteta et al., 2024; Sorbie et al., 2020). viscous fingering is expected under viscous-dominated conditions. While strong capillary forces may suppress fingering at lab scale, the balance of viscous and capillary forces can shift at field scale, leading to pronounced gas fingering.

To model CO₂ injection, we used published CO₂/water Relperms from CCS experiments. Two approaches were compared: conventional Relperms estimation and an alternative viscous fingering-based method. Simulations using conventional CO₂/water Relperms showed no fingering patterns, whereas our earlier study indicated that core flood experiments with a water–CO₂ viscosity ratio of ∼55 may generate gas fingers. The second approach, based on maximum mobility, produced gas fingers and matched production and differential pressure equally well.

This apparent absence of fingering may suggest limitations in the conventional representation of flow dynamics under such conditions. Possible reasons why experimental relative permeabilities do not capture the expected “fingering behaviour” are discussed in this paper. The main difference between our proposed Relperms and lab derived Relperms is in the total mobility, with our Relperms having a higher total mobility at the shock front gas saturations (S_gf) of CO₂.

由于注入气体和原位盐水之间的粘度差异，CCS中的注气是一个不稳定的驱油过程，这一事实在CO₂储存建模中经常被忽视。大多数估算CCS相对渗透率（Relperms）的研究都依赖于传统方法。本文采用了一种新颖的方法，明确考虑了将低粘度气体注入黏度更高的盐水所产生的黏性不稳定性。基于我们早期的研究（A. beta et al., 2024; Sorbie et al., 2020）。粘性指法是预期在粘性主导的条件下。虽然在实验室尺度上，强大的毛细力可能会抑制指动，但在现场尺度上，粘性和毛细力的平衡可能会发生变化，导致明显的气指动。为了模拟二氧化碳的注入，我们使用了CCS实验中公布的二氧化碳/水浓度。比较了两种方法：常规的Relperms估计方法和基于粘性指法的替代方法。使用常规CO 2 /water Relperms进行的模拟没有显示出指状模式，而我们早期的研究表明，水- CO 2粘度比为~ 55的岩心注水实验可能会产生气指状模式。第二种方法基于最大的流动性，产生了气指，同时也很好地匹配了产量和压差。这种明显的指法缺失可能表明在这种条件下流动动力学的传统表示存在局限性。可能的原因，为什么实验相对渗透率不捕获预期的“指法行为”在本文中进行了讨论。我们提出的Relperms和实验室衍生的Relperms之间的主要区别在于总迁移率，我们的Relperms在CO2的激波前气体饱和度（Sgf）下具有更高的总迁移率。

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引用次数: 0

Geological CO2 storage assessment in emerging CCS regions: Review of sequestration potential, policy development, and socio-economic factors in Poland 新兴CCS地区的二氧化碳地质封存评估：波兰封存潜力、政策制定和社会经济因素综述

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104524

Mohammad Nooraiepour , Karol M. Dąbrowski , Mohammad Masoudi , Szymon Kuczyński , Zezhang Song , Ane Elisabet Lothe , Helge Hellevang

Emerging carbon capture and storage (CCS) markets face critical challenges in developing systematic methodologies to assess geological CO₂ storage potential under conditions of limited data availability, evolving regulatory frameworks, and nascent infrastructure development. This study establishes an integrated assessment framework for lower-maturity CCS regions that combines geological characterization, storage capacity assessment, regulatory analysis, and socio-economic evaluation through a structured approach adaptable to diverse global contexts. Poland serves as a representative case study, with its coal-reliant economy exemplifying the decarbonization challenges facing emerging regions while meeting European Union climate mandates, and its geological setting offering substantial sequestration opportunities across three major sedimentary regions. Through multidisciplinary analysis synthesizing scattered geological data, policy developments, CCUS value chain dynamics, and stakeholder perspectives, we systematically evaluate CO₂ storage potential and demonstrate framework application. Analysis reveals that onshore saline aquifers and depleted hydrocarbon fields provide significant storage capacity, while offshore Baltic Basin sites face logistical and environmental regulatory constraints. Current assessments encounter limitations including sparse data, restricted research access, and inadequate industry-academia collaboration, preventing basin-scale analyses from advancing to higher storage readiness levels and undermining business decision-making reliability. This study contributes a replicable methodology extending beyond Poland to lower-maturity CCS regions worldwide, providing decision-makers with tools for storage assessment, policy development, and stakeholder engagement that support evidence-based deployment strategies. Success in emerging markets requires coordinated advancement across technical characterization, regulatory clarity, infrastructure development, and public engagement, with transparent governance and inclusive community participation as critical enablers for sustainable CCS implementation.

新兴的碳捕集与封存（CCS）市场面临着严峻的挑战，需要在有限的数据可用性、不断发展的监管框架和新兴的基础设施发展条件下，开发系统的方法来评估地质二氧化碳封存潜力。本研究通过一种适应不同全球背景的结构化方法，为低成熟度CCS地区建立了一个综合评估框架，该框架结合了地质特征、储存能力评估、监管分析和社会经济评估。波兰是一个代表性的案例研究，其依赖煤炭的经济体现了新兴地区在满足欧盟气候要求的同时面临的脱碳挑战，其地质环境为三个主要沉积区提供了大量的封存机会。通过多学科分析，综合了分散的地质数据、政策发展、CCUS价值链动态和利益相关者的观点，我们系统地评估了二氧化碳储存潜力并展示了框架的应用。分析表明，陆上含盐含水层和枯竭的碳氢化合物油田提供了巨大的储存能力，而波罗的海盆地海上油田则面临后勤和环境监管方面的限制。目前的评估遇到了一些限制，包括稀疏的数据、受限的研究访问和不充分的产学研合作，阻碍了盆地规模分析向更高的存储准备水平发展，并破坏了业务决策的可靠性。该研究提供了一种可复制的方法，可从波兰扩展到全球较低成熟度的CCS地区，为决策者提供存储评估、政策制定和利益相关者参与的工具，以支持基于证据的部署策略。在新兴市场取得成功需要在技术特征、监管清晰度、基础设施建设和公众参与等方面协调推进，透明的治理和包容性的社区参与是可持续CCS实施的关键推动因素。

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引用次数: 0

Corrosion control in carbon storage by injection of sodium formate solution 注入甲酸钠溶液控制碳库腐蚀

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104521

Doguhan Barlas Sevindik , Oluwafemi Precious Oyenowo , Ryosuke Okuno , Muhammad Farooq Zia , Bo Zhang

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) leakage presents a significant risk to carbon storage in saline aquifers. Buoyant forces can cause CO₂ in resident brine to migrate into overlying formations through faults, fractures, or existing wells. Wells are especially prone to leakage because CO₂ produces an acidic environment, as recently observed in the Illinois Basin Decatur Project (IBDP). This study was motivated by the question of how to mitigate the risk of leakage caused by corrosion in well tubulars.

This research, for the first time, explores the use of sodium formate solution as a corrosion control method based on an IBDP geological model. To evaluate its effectiveness, reactive transport simulations of CO₂ and sodium formate solution injection were performed using the IBDP model. The simulation cases tested different injection rates (80 and 640 m³/d) and concentrations (5 and 15 wt.%), which resulted in varying amounts of sodium formate being injected. Both pre-flush and post-flush injection strategies were considered.

Results indicated that in the pre-flush scenarios, formate can effectively be dispersed by the subsequently injected CO₂ (e.g., 150 to 350 meters from the well), while raising the pH above 4.5. However, to mitigate pH reduction near the injector, formate does not need to disperse widely; the scenario involving approximately 2.5 × 10³ tonnes of sodium formate resulted in an average pH of 4.45 with a standard deviation of 0.27 along the injection well for 25 years, remaining safely above 4.0, which is the recommended pH range for corrosion control of 13 chrome steel pipe.

二氧化碳（CO2）泄漏对含盐含水层中的碳储存构成重大风险。浮力会导致常住盐水中的二氧化碳通过断层、裂缝或现有井运移到上覆地层中。正如最近在伊利诺斯盆地迪凯特项目（IBDP）中观察到的那样，由于二氧化碳会产生酸性环境，因此油井特别容易发生泄漏。这项研究的动机是如何减轻由井管柱腐蚀引起的泄漏风险。该研究首次基于IBDP地质模型，探索了使用甲酸钠溶液作为腐蚀控制方法。为了评估其有效性，使用IBDP模型对CO₂和甲酸钠溶液注入进行了反应输运模拟。模拟案例测试了不同的注入速率（80和640 m³/d）和浓度（5和15 wt.%），从而导致甲酸钠的注入量不同。同时考虑了预冲和后冲两种注入策略。结果表明，在预冲洗的情况下，甲酸盐可以通过随后注入的CO2有效地分散（例如，在距井150 ~ 350米的地方），同时将pH值提高到4.5以上。然而，为了缓解注入器附近的pH值降低，甲酸盐不需要广泛分散；在大约2.5 × 103吨甲酸钠的情况下，注入井25年的平均pH值为4.45，标准差为0.27，保持在4.0以上，这是13铬钢管腐蚀控制的推荐pH值范围。

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引用次数: 0

Viability of commercial olivine mixtures for enhanced weathering in seawater: Dissolution kinetics, CO2 sequestration, and metal release assessment 商用橄榄石混合物在海水中增强风化的可行性：溶解动力学、CO2固存和金属释放评估

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104522

Rasesh Pokharel , Guangnan Wu , Peter Kraal , Jasper Griffioen , Joris Dijkstra , Gert-Jan Reichart , Helen E. King

Enhanced silicate weathering (ESW) shows promise in converting atmospheric CO₂ into inorganic carbonates via mineral weathering. This study investigates the potential of utilizing olivine containing mineral mixtures from waste rock and tailings (olivine purity ∼ 55% and mean particle size ∼ 39 µm) for ESW in seawater. A decrease in olivine weathering rate over time was observed in the form of diminishing Mg release rates due to the formation of passivating layers at the mineral surface. Quantitative mineralogical analysis revealed a reduction in the olivine percentage (up to 8.6%) in the reacted mineral mixture indicating a reaction that results in CO₂ sequestration. However, there was also simultaneous precipitation of 2:1 layer silicates and a possible amorphous clay mineral (a CO₂-releasing process known as reverse weathering). The highest deployed material dosages released significant amounts of nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) into the solution, emphasizing the need for careful consideration in large-scale ESW deployment. The CO₂ sequestration rate measured at 90 days of the olivine-mineral mixture was calculated to be 3.80 × 10⁻¹² mol CO₂ m⁻² s⁻¹, equating to 14.43 kg of CO₂ sequestered per ton of olivine-mineral mixture per year. As rates decline non-linearly, this value reflects short-term kinetics, highlighting the need for Monitoring Reporting and Verification (MRV) based on windowed rates and cumulative uptake. These findings suggest that olivine containing mineral mixtures from mine waste and tailings represent a durable carbon storage, characterized by high early fluxes that decline over time, with material dosage critical for efficiency and metal risks.

增强硅酸盐风化（ESW）有望通过矿物风化将大气中的二氧化碳转化为无机碳酸盐。本研究探讨了利用废岩石和尾矿中含有橄榄石的矿物混合物（橄榄石纯度~ 55%，平均粒径~ 39µm）在海水中制备ESW的潜力。随着时间的推移，由于矿物表面钝化层的形成，观察到橄榄石风化速率的降低，表现为Mg释放速率的减少。定量矿物学分析显示，在反应的矿物混合物中，橄榄石的百分比减少了（高达8.6%），表明反应导致了二氧化碳的封存。然而，同时也有2:1的硅酸盐层和一种可能的无定形粘土矿物（一种被称为反向风化的二氧化碳释放过程）的沉淀。最高的材料用量释放了大量的镍（Ni）和钴（Co）到溶液中，这强调了在大规模ESW部署时需要仔细考虑的问题。计算得出，橄榄石-矿物混合物90天的CO2固存率为3.80 × 10−12 mol CO2 m−2 s−1，相当于每年每吨橄榄石-矿物混合物固存了14.43 kg CO2。由于速率呈非线性下降，该值反映了短期动力学，强调了基于窗口速率和累积吸收的监测报告和验证（MRV）的必要性。这些发现表明，来自矿山废物和尾矿的含有矿物混合物的橄榄石是一种持久的碳储存方式，其特点是早期通量高，随着时间的推移而下降，材料剂量对效率和金属风险至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Life cycle assessment and sustainability enhancement of closed-loop carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery: Field-scale evaluation in Qatar’s Dukhan Reservoir 闭环二氧化碳提高采收率的生命周期评估和可持续性增强：卡塔尔Dukhan油藏的现场规模评估

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2025-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104502

Razan Sawaly , Ahmad Abushaikha , Tareq Al-Ansari

This study presents a comprehensive environmental evaluation of direct CO₂ injection for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) in the Dukhan Field, Qatar, using a gate-to-gate Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) coupled with an energy optimisation framework. Four operational years (Year 1, 8, 19, and 21) were analysed to capture the system’s transition from external CO₂ sourcing to full internal recycling. Simulations incorporated the recovery of hydrocarbon-rich fuel gases from the capture and purification units, which were utilised in an on-site Combined Heat and Power (CHP) system operating at 55% efficiency. In Year 1, the CHP unit generated 22.2 million GJ of electricity, offsetting 62.5% of the system’s total energy demand (35.5 million GJ). By Year 19, internal energy offset declined to 45.0% due to reduced fuel gas availability, and in Year 21, the fully closed-loop operation required complete reliance on external electricity. Environmental impacts were assessed using the ReCiPe Midpoint (H) 2016 method across 15 impact categories. Global warming potential (GWP100) decreased from 2.00 × 10¹⁰ kg CO₂-eq in Year 1 to 1.20 × 10⁹ kg CO₂-eq in Year 21, with a 16% reduction observed in Year 1 under the fuel gas recovery scenario. This study underscores the environmental and operational advantages of integrating fuel gas recovery and CO₂ recycling. It demonstrates that co-optimising energy and carbon loops can improve lifecycle performance, reduce reliance on fossil-based grid electricity, and support sustainable CO₂-EOR deployment under region-specific constraints.

本研究采用门到门生命周期评估（LCA）和能源优化框架，对卡塔尔Dukhan油田直接注入二氧化碳提高采收率（EOR）进行了全面的环境评估。分析了四个运行年份（第1年、第8年、第19年和第21年），以捕捉系统从外部二氧化碳来源到完全内部回收的转变。模拟包括从捕获和净化装置中回收富含碳氢化合物的燃料气体，这些气体被用于现场热电联产（CHP）系统，运行效率为55%。在第一年，热电联产装置产生了2220万吉焦的电力，抵消了系统总能源需求（3550万吉焦）的62.5%。到第19年，由于燃气供应减少，内部能源抵消下降到45.0%，到第21年，全闭环运行需要完全依赖外部电力。使用ReCiPe Midpoint (H) 2016方法评估了15个影响类别的环境影响。全球变暖潜势（GWP100）从第1年的2.00 × 10¹⁰kg CO₂-eq下降到第21年的1.20 × 10⁹kg CO₂-eq，在燃料气体回收情景下，第1年观测到减少16%。这项研究强调了将燃料气体回收和CO₂循环利用相结合的环境和运营优势。该研究表明，共同优化能源和碳循环可以改善生命周期性能，减少对化石燃料电网电力的依赖，并在特定区域的限制下支持可持续的CO₂-EOR部署。

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引用次数: 0