International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control最新文献_第6页

Calibrating large-scale injection: Using saltwater disposal experience to predict CCS performance on the Texas Gulf Coast 校准大规模注入：利用盐水处理经验预测德克萨斯州墨西哥湾沿岸的CCS性能

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104485

Chinemerem C. Okezie , Alexander P. Bump

Over 50 geologic carbon storage (GCS) projects are now advancing on the US Gulf Coast. Comparing their stated goals with the number of currently permitted wells suggests some planned injection rates over 5Mtpa/well. Modelling supports these numbers, but Gulf Coast reservoirs are structurally and stratigraphically complicated, with potential for compartmentalization that may lead to unanticipated pressure buildup and premature loss of injectivity. We seek to calibrate that risk by looking at historical saltwater disposal (SWD) on the Texas Gulf Coast. From 1990 to 2020, over 20 billion barrels of brine (∼2 Gt CO₂-equivalent) were injected into non-productive reservoirs, largely without adverse effect. Analysis of injectivity index for these wells shows that most are poor performers in lifetime average terms, with few wells clearly capable of 1Mtpa CO₂-equivalent. However, intermittent injection, not captured by the data, may explain apparently poor performance. Analysis of monthly injectivity index shows that over half the wells had at least one month indicative of >1Mtpa CO₂-equivalent capability. Anecdotal evidence, and even our analysis, suggests that all wells eventually lose injectivity, but we can see no evidence of pressure buildup or declining performance at the formation level. More commonly, the cause seems to be formation damage, apparently mostly resulting from impurities in the injected brines—microbes, incompatible chemistry and/or entrained solids. We believe that GCS wells are likely to perform better than SWD wells, owing to better location, superior planning, and a cleaner injection stream. These results suggest cautious optimism for large-scale GCS on the Gulf Coast.

超过50个地质碳储存（GCS）项目目前正在美国墨西哥湾沿岸推进。将他们的既定目标与目前允许的井数量进行比较，可以发现一些计划的注入速度超过500万吨/井。建模支持这些数据，但墨西哥湾沿岸的储层结构和地层复杂，可能存在分隔，导致意外的压力积聚和过早的注入能力丧失。我们试图通过观察德克萨斯州墨西哥湾沿岸历史上的盐水处理（SWD）来校准这种风险。从1990年到2020年，超过200亿桶盐水（相当于2亿吨二氧化碳当量）被注入非生产油藏，基本上没有产生不利影响。对这些井的注入能力指数分析表明，从平均寿命来看，大多数井表现不佳，只有少数井能够产生100万吨/年的二氧化碳当量。然而，数据中没有捕捉到的间歇性注射可能是性能明显不佳的原因。月度注入能力指数分析显示，超过一半的井至少有一个月的二氧化碳当量能力。坊间的证据，甚至我们的分析都表明，所有的井最终都会失去注入能力，但我们没有看到地层压力升高或性能下降的证据。更常见的原因似乎是地层受损，显然主要是由于注入盐水中的杂质、微生物、不相容的化学物质和/或夹带的固体。我们认为，GCS井可能比SWD井表现更好，因为GCS井有更好的位置、更好的规划和更清洁的注入流。这些结果表明对墨西哥湾沿岸的大规模GCS持谨慎乐观态度。

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引用次数: 0

Critical review and recommendations for strengthening health and safety and major accident prevention regulations for carbon capture and storage in UK ports 就加强英国港口碳捕集和封存的健康与安全及重大事故预防条例进行重要审查并提出建议

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104479

Wassim Dbouk , Damon Teagle , Lindsay-Marie Armstrong , Johanna Hjalmarsson , Stephen Turnock , Alexandros Ntovas

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is an essential component of the UK Government’s net-zero strategy. Policies emphasize the need for flexible and accessible CO₂ transport and storage networks, with shipping emerging as a key non-pipeline transport modality to connect industrial clusters to offshore storage. In this article, we assess whether current health and safety and major accident prevention regulations adequately govern the risks posed by expanding CO₂ handling and storage in UK ports to support CCS deployment.

Our analysis identifies three regulatory gaps. First, while the Port Marine Safety Code addresses regulatory complexity in UK ports through establishing uniform national standards for marine safety, it cannot regulate the emerging risks of anticipated large-scale CO₂ shipping activities without clear performance standards in specific legislation. Second, duly appointed harbor masters must be well-informed to effectively exercise the powers granted under the Dangerous Goods in Harbour Areas Regulations (DGHAR) to reduce serious accident risks associated with increased CO₂ shipping. Third, the Control of Major Accident Hazards Regulations (COMAH) currently exclude temporary CO₂ storage and do not include CO₂ within their scope, limiting their effectiveness for major accident prevention in port storage scenarios.

To address these gaps, we recommend issuing tailored guidance under DGHAR to clarify risk management responsibilities for CO₂ shipping and amending COMAH to include CO₂ storage and recognize CO₂ as a dangerous substance. These reforms are essential to protect port communities, ensure robust risk management, and support the safe, sustainable expansion of CO₂ shipping as a critical enabler of CCS.

碳捕集与封存（CCS）是英国政府净零排放战略的重要组成部分。政策强调需要灵活和可访问的二氧化碳运输和储存网络，航运正在成为连接产业集群和海上储存的关键非管道运输方式。在本文中，我们评估了当前的健康和安全和重大事故预防法规是否充分管理了英国港口扩大二氧化碳处理和储存以支持CCS部署所带来的风险。我们的分析确定了三个监管缺口。首先，虽然《港口海上安全法》通过建立统一的国家海上安全标准来解决英国港口监管的复杂性，但如果没有明确的具体立法标准，它就无法规范预期的大规模CO₂运输活动的新风险。其次，正式任命的港务长必须充分了解情况，才能有效行使《港区危险货物规例》赋予的权力，以减少因二氧化碳运输增加而导致的严重事故风险。第三，目前的《重大事故危险控制条例》（COMAH）不包括临时CO₂储存，也不包括CO₂，限制了其在港口储存情况下预防重大事故的效果。为了解决这些差距，我们建议在DGHAR下发布量身定制的指南，以明确二氧化碳运输的风险管理责任，并修订COMAH，将二氧化碳储存纳入其中，并将二氧化碳视为危险物质。这些改革对于保护港口社区，确保强有力的风险管理，并支持二氧化碳航运的安全、可持续发展至关重要，这是CCS的关键推动者。

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引用次数: 0

Modeling emissions from pilot testing of wash configurations with aqueous piperazine for CO2 capture 模拟二氧化碳捕获用含水哌嗪洗涤配置中试试验的排放

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104490

Benjamin J. Drewry, Gary T. Rochelle

Water washing is an important component of amine scrubbing that is used to remove vaporized amine and degradation products from absorber outlet flue gas. After 3700 hours of pilot testing of CO₂ capture from a natural gas combined cycle flue gas using 30 wt % piperazine (PZ) in 2023, single- and two-stage water washes were tested for 800 operating hours, including an acid wash. The washed flue gas and aqueous wash liquid were analyzed by a Proton-Transfer-Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS) and ion chromatography for amines and amine degradation products. These data were used to validate Aspen Plus® and offline models of water wash performance. The models using the Song correlations to estimate gas film mass transfer coefficients predicted PZ transfer units (ln (y_in/y_out) in the single-stage wash with an accuracy of ± 20%; two-stage simulations were less accurate. Thermodynamic equilibrium and mass-transfer limitations were identified for amine absorption. A simplified thermodynamic and mass transfer model previously developed to validate PZ Aspen Plus® results and adapted for other solvents was expanded to include degradation products. The offline model successfully simulated removal of 1-methylpiperazine (MPZ), 1-ethylpiperazine (EPZ), mononitrosopiperazine (MNPZ), methylamine, and ethylamine. Uncertainty in modeled emissions resulted from unsteady-state measurements and inaccuracies of volatility correlations at dilute conditions.

水洗涤是胺洗涤的重要组成部分，用于去除吸收器出口烟气中的汽化胺和降解产物。在2023年使用30%哌嗪（PZ）对天然气联合循环烟气中的二氧化碳捕集进行了3700小时的中试测试后，对单级和两级水洗涤进行了800个工作小时的测试，包括酸洗。通过质子转移反应飞行时间质谱仪（PTR-ToF-MS）和离子色谱法对洗涤后的烟气和水洗液进行胺和胺降解产物的分析。这些数据用于验证Aspen Plus®和离线水洗性能模型。利用宋相关估计气膜传质系数的模型预测单段洗涤过程中PZ传递单位（ln (yin/yout)）的精度为±20%；两阶段模拟不太准确。确定了胺吸收的热力学平衡和传质限制。先前开发的简化热力学和传质模型用于验证PZ Aspen Plus®结果，并适用于其他溶剂，扩展到包括降解产物。离线模型成功模拟了1-甲基哌嗪（MPZ）、1-乙基哌嗪（EPZ）、单硝基哌嗪（MNPZ）、甲胺和乙胺的去除。模拟排放的不确定性是由非稳态测量和稀释条件下挥发性相关性的不准确性造成的。

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引用次数: 0

Dynamic kill modeling of subsea CO2 and CH4 blowouts: Differentiating factors and their implications for offshore carbon sequestration 海底CO2和CH4井喷的动态压井建模：区分因素及其对海上碳封存的影响

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104486

Eric. R. Upchurch , Yaxin Liu , Lei Zhou , Bjoern-Tore Anfinsen

This study focusses on understanding the physics of halting subsea CO₂ blowouts using dynamic-kill methods. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model that replicates the thermophysical properties of CO₂ is used. We also analyze analogous CH₄ scenarios, juxtaposing the impacts of both fluids.

We simulate sixteen blowout/dynamic-kill scenarios, representing all combinations of water depth (305 or 762 m), blowout rate (2.83 or 11.34 MMm³/d), relief well intercept depth (1220 or 1830 m TVD BML), and reservoir fluid (CO₂ or CH₄). This defines a sufficiently broad simulation space for gaining insight into the heretofore undefined aspects of dynamically killing subsea CO₂ blowouts – and how they differ from CH₄ blowouts.

CO₂‘s thermophysical properties generally reduce dynamic kill pumping rates to one-third of that required for CH₄ blowouts when using 1801-kg/m³ kill fluid. CO₂ phase change at elevated pressures drives most of the difference. During a dynamic kill, increases in well pressure can cause CO₂ density to jump from 68 to 904 kg/m³, while CH₄ exhibits a modest 22 to 192 kg/m³ range. This radical difference in density-vs-pressure behavior results in CO₂ blowouts being generally easier to kill than CH₄ blowouts. Other differences in the dynamic killing of CO₂ and CH₄ blowouts, like multiphase flow behavior, are detailed in the paper to explain their impacts.

We also find that CO₂ blowouts in shallower water can generate sub-freezing temperatures at the wellhead, resulting in ice and/or hydrate formation – a result that can introduce unintended complexity into the overall response to a subsea blowout.

这项研究的重点是了解使用动态压井方法阻止海底二氧化碳井喷的物理原理。计算流体动力学（CFD）模型复制了CO2的热物理性质。我们还分析了类似的CH4情景，并列分析了两种流体的影响。我们模拟了16种井喷/动态压井情景，代表了水深（305或762 m）、井喷速率（2.83或11.34 MMm3/d）、减压井拦截深度（1220或1830 m TVD BML）和储层流体（CO2或CH4）的所有组合。这定义了一个足够广泛的模拟空间，可以深入了解海底CO2井喷动态灭井的未定义方面，以及它们与CH4井喷的区别。当使用1801-kg/m3压井液时，CO2的热物理性质通常会将动态压井泵送速率降低到CH4井喷所需泵送速率的三分之一。压力升高时二氧化碳的相变是造成这种差异的主要原因。在动态压井过程中，井压的增加会导致CO2密度从68 kg/m3跃升至904 kg/m3，而CH4的密度则在22 kg/m3至192 kg/m3之间。这种密度-压力行为的根本差异导致CO2井喷通常比CH4井喷更容易被杀死。本文还详细介绍了CO2和CH4井喷动态杀伤的其他差异，如多相流行为，以解释它们的影响。我们还发现，较浅水域的二氧化碳井喷会在井口产生低于冰点的温度，导致冰和/或水合物的形成，这一结果可能会给海底井喷的整体响应带来意想不到的复杂性。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental investigation into CO2 sequestration and associated ecological behaviours of carbon-negative backfilling with coal gangues 煤矸石负碳充填CO2固存及相关生态行为实验研究

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104494

Baiyi Li , Kang Long , Wenbo Cheng , Xinghui Fu , Jiayuan Ma , Shuaijie Zhang

Carbon-negative backfilling was proposed to facilitate the co-disposal of the solid waste and CO₂, based on the mineralization characteristics of calcium-containing solid waste from coal mining. However, uncertainties remain regarding the carbon sequestration capacity and potential environmental impacts following backfilling. In this study, carbon sequestration tests were conducted with a sealed mixing tank by injecting CO₂ into gangue slurry, and the heavy metals leaching from the slurry were recorded. The results indicated that the coal gangue backfilling slurry (CGBS) demonstrated the capacity to absorb 11.17 g·kg⁻¹ of CO₂ at an initial pressure of 1 MPa, alongside a decrease in the four kinds of heavy metal concentration. The maximum carbon sequestration and efficiency were observed at 100 °C, yielding 23.49 g·kg⁻¹ and 74.42%, respectively. The leaching content of heavy metals decreased after the CO₂ mixing treatment, indicating that the carbonization process significantly mitigates the environmental risks associated with CGBS leakage during underground backfilling, reducing the water exudation of coal gangue slurry and inhibiting the leaching of most heavy metals. This study provides a theoretical foundation for advancing the carbon-negative backfilling techniques and enhancing solid waste resource utilization by mitigating the environmental impact.

根据采煤含钙固体废弃物的矿化特征，提出了有利于固体废弃物与CO2共处置的负碳充填法。然而，关于回填后的固碳能力和潜在的环境影响仍然存在不确定性。本研究在密闭的混合池中通过向矸石浆中注入CO2进行固碳试验，并记录了矸石浆中重金属的浸出情况。结果表明，在初始压力为1mpa时，煤矸石充填浆（CGBS）的吸附能力为11.17 g·kg⁻¹，4种重金属浓度均有所下降。在100°C时，固碳量和效率最高，分别为23.49 g·kg⁻¹和74.42%。CO2混合处理后重金属浸出含量降低，说明碳化过程显著减轻了地下回填过程中CGBS渗漏的环境风险，减少了煤矸石浆的渗水，抑制了大部分重金属的浸出。本研究为推进负碳回填技术，减轻环境影响，提高固体废物资源化利用水平提供了理论基础。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced viscosification of supercritical CO2 by a new polyolefin copolymer: Insights from solubility and displacement of brine and oil in porous media flow 一种新型聚烯烃共聚物对超临界CO2的增粘作用：从多孔介质流中盐水和油的溶解度和驱替的见解

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104496

Rongbin Li , Abbas Firoozabadi

Low-cost, low concentration, and environmentally friendly thickeners are of great significance for enhancing carbon dioxide (CO₂) geological storage efficiency and oil recovery. In this study, a new approach (the accumulator dilution method) is proposed to measure solubility and viscosification of a dozen olefin oligomers and copolymers in supercritical CO₂ (scCO₂). It is found that the solubility of oligomers and copolymers with different chain lengths and branching structures in scCO₂ follows specific trends. The unique branching of these molecules differentiates them from those studied in the literature, enabling new insights into effective viscosification at low concentrations. Among the oligomers, the copolymer of 1-octene and 1-dodecene with an average repeat unit of 32 has high performance, enhancing scCO₂ viscosity by approximately 2.5 times at 0.30 wt % at 35 °C and 3500 psi. An important characteristic of the new branched oligomer is high efficiency in both brine and oil displacement in porous media. In CO₂ sequestration, the new copolymer can effectively increase the displacement of brine (at 3500 psi and 90 °C) by 32 % and 22 % in horizontal and vertical displacements, respectively. The crude oil (at 3500 psi and 120 °C) recovery is increased by 33 % and 28 % in the secondary and tertiary processes. The combination of effective viscosification and residual liquid saturation reduction makes the new molecule promising for both applications. Future investigations will focus on exploring alternative branching configurations, such as a copolymer of 1-hexene and 1-tetradecene, to achieve improved performance at even lower concentrations and higher viscosification.

低成本、低浓度、环境友好型增稠剂对提高二氧化碳地质封存效率和提高采收率具有重要意义。在这项研究中，提出了一种新的方法（蓄能器稀释法）来测量十几种烯烃低聚物和共聚物在超临界CO2 （scCO2）中的溶解度和粘度。发现不同链长和分支结构的低聚物和共聚物在scCO2中的溶解度有一定的变化趋势。这些分子的独特分支使它们与文献中研究的分子区别开来，使人们对低浓度下的有效粘化有了新的认识。在低聚物中，平均重复单位为32的1-辛烯和1-十二烯共聚物具有高性能，在35°C和3500 psi下，在0.30 wt %的条件下，scCO2粘度提高了约2.5倍。新型支化低聚物的一个重要特点是在多孔介质中具有较高的驱盐水和驱油效率。在CO2固井中，新型共聚物可以有效地将盐水的水平驱替和垂直驱替（在3500psi和90°C下）分别提高32%和22%。在3500psi和120°C条件下，原油采收率分别提高了33%和28%。有效增粘和降低残余液体饱和度的结合使得新分子在这两种应用中都有前景。未来的研究将集中于探索其他分支构型，如1-己烯和1-十四烯的共聚物，以在更低浓度和更高粘度下实现更好的性能。

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引用次数: 0

Characterisation of a potential CO2 storage complex and first-order containment risk assessment in the Cambay Basin, India 印度Cambay盆地潜在二氧化碳储存综合体的特征和一级遏制风险评估

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104497

John D.O. Williams , Somali Roy , Nabarun Pal , Paul Bridger , Vikram Vishal , Kaustav Nag

High-level studies have identified potential for subsurface CO₂ storage in India, however lack of detailed technical appraisals aimed at understanding and de-risking the storage resource presents a major challenge to development of CO₂ storage. The onshore Cambay Basin has been identified as a promising target for CO₂ storage given its history of hydrocarbon production and proximity to emission sources. To expedite subsurface characterisation activities in the region, this study uses a 350 km² 3D seismic volume and well dataset to identify a stratigraphic succession suitable for consideration in a CO₂ storage complex. The Middle to Upper Eocene Ankleshwar Formation comprises several potential reservoir and top seal units which may be considered for storage. A high-level assessment of the stratigraphic and structural characteristics of the Ankleshwar Formation is presented, along with a first-order assessment of the principal containment risks and associated uncertainties. Remaining uncertainties are identified along with suggested appraisal activities to reduce uncertainty and further de-risk the storage concept. Whilst there is considerable uncertainty related to the lateral migration of CO₂ within the storage system, the high number of legacy wells in the study area presents the most significant risk to CO₂ containment.

高级别研究已经确定了印度地下二氧化碳储存的潜力，但是缺乏旨在了解和降低储存资源风险的详细技术评估，这对二氧化碳储存的发展构成了重大挑战。鉴于其油气生产历史和靠近排放源，陆上Cambay盆地已被确定为一个有希望的二氧化碳储存目标。为了加快该地区的地下特征活动，该研究使用了350平方公里的三维地震体积和井数据集来确定适合二氧化碳储存复合体的地层演替。中至上始新统踝什瓦尔组由多个潜在储层和顶封单元组成，可考虑储层。本文对Ankleshwar组的地层和构造特征进行了高级评估，并对主要安全壳风险和相关不确定性进行了一级评估。剩余的不确定因素将与建议的评估活动一起确定，以减少不确定性并进一步降低存储概念的风险。虽然二氧化碳在储存系统内的横向运移存在相当大的不确定性，但研究区域的大量遗留井对二氧化碳控制构成了最大的风险。

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引用次数: 0

Hub scale subsurface fluid injection of GCS and SWD wells: Implications on inter-project interferences and regional pressure buildup GCS和SWD井轮毂规模地下流体注入：对项目间干扰和区域压力积累的影响

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104477

Zhicheng Wang, Seyyed A. Hosseini, Alexander P. Bump

The injection of CO₂ into geological formations can result in pressure interference among different projects. With the increasing number of Geological Carbon Storage (GCS) well applications, new projects will inevitably affect both local and regional pressure distribution. Therefore, it is crucial to model pressure buildup and the associated Area of Review (AoR) before initiating new projects, considering interactions with nearby injection operations. This study employs EASiTool, an analytical tool designed to predict pressure distribution and the associated AoR. We assess basin-scale, multi-site CO₂ injection in the Gulf Coast, focusing on potential pressure interference among GCS projects targeting Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, and Pliocene-age intervals. A key outcome of this work is a map-view representation of AoRs, particularly their shapes. Rather than developing a definitive model, this study explores the use of EASiTool for rapid assessment, providing quick evaluations of pressure interference risks, identifying key variables controlling bottomhole pressure, and assessing the impact of existing Saltwater Disposal (SWD) wells on GCS projects. Our findings indicate that announced projects could collectively alter pressure distribution across large areas, extending far beyond individual AoRs. Visual analyses reveal that overlapping projects may merge AoRs, significantly expanding the pressure footprint. We evaluate pressure interference both among GCS projects (Class VI) and between SWD (Class II) wells and CO₂ injection wells. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis examines how varying critical pressure build-up thresholds influence AoR size.

向地质地层注入二氧化碳会导致不同项目之间的压力干扰。随着地质储碳井（GCS）应用数量的增加，新项目不可避免地会影响当地和区域的压力分布。因此，在启动新项目之前，考虑与附近注入作业的相互作用，对压力累积和相关的审查区域（AoR）进行建模至关重要。本研究采用EASiTool，一种用于预测压力分布和相关AoR的分析工具。我们评估了墨西哥湾沿岸盆地尺度、多地点的CO2注入，重点关注始新世、渐新世、中新世和上新世时期的GCS项目之间的潜在压力干扰。这项工作的一个关键成果是AoRs的地图视图表示，特别是它们的形状。本研究不是开发一个确定的模型，而是探索EASiTool的快速评估使用，提供压力干扰风险的快速评估，识别控制井底压力的关键变量，并评估现有的盐水处理（SWD）井对GCS项目的影响。我们的研究结果表明，已宣布的项目可以共同改变大面积的压力分布，远远超出单个AoRs。可视化分析显示，重叠的项目可能会合并aor，从而显著扩大压力足迹。我们评估了GCS项目（VI类）和SWD井（II类）与CO2注入井之间的压力干扰。此外，敏感性分析考察了不同的临界压力积累阈值如何影响AoR大小。

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引用次数: 0

Multi-scale dynamic modeling and validation of radial flow fixed bed contactors for post-combustion CO2 capture using bench scale and pilot plant data 基于实验规模和中试工厂数据的径向流固定床接触器燃烧后二氧化碳捕集的多尺度动态建模和验证

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104481

Ana Flávia Monteiro , David Gribble , Ambal Jayaraman , Gokhan Alptekin , Ryan Hughes , Goutham Kotamreddy , Benjamin Omell , Michael Matuszewski , Debangsu Bhattacharyya

In this work, a multi-scale model of a radial flow fixed bed contactor packed with a carbon sorbent is developed and validated with laboratory-scale and pilot plant scale dynamic data. For the lab scale system, the model results were compared with low, medium and high gas and sweep flowrates, yielding root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.80, 0.63, 0.96 CO₂ mol%, respectively, for the outlet CO₂ concentration profile considering the entire A-D cycle. For the bed outer temperature profile, maximum RMSE was found to be 5.5 °C considering all flowrates and entire A-D cycles. An experimental campaign was developed and applied to a pilot plant at Technology Center Mongstad (TCM), Norway. Approaches were developed for pre-processing of data including consideration of the effect of gas mixing, measurement delay, and determination of cyclic steady-state conditions. Considering profiles during A-D cycles for all test runs, it was found that the maximum RMSE for pressure drop, temperature for the outer section of the bed, temperature for the middle section of the bed, and outlet CO₂ concentration profile remained less than 1.5 mbar, 3.5 °C, 2.8 °C, and 1.3 CO₂ mol%, respectively. The validated model was used to perform sensitivity studies on several key design operating variables for the adsorption-desorption cycle. It was found that the flow rate and concentration of flue gas have dominant nonlinear effects on the breakthrough time while the desorption time was strongly affected by the sweep gas flowrate for the specific sorbent being evaluated in this study.

本文建立了含碳吸附剂的径向流固定床接触器的多尺度模型，并用实验室规模和中试工厂规模的动态数据进行了验证。对于实验室规模的系统，将模型结果与低、中、高气体和扫描流量进行比较，考虑整个A-D循环的出口CO2浓度曲线的均方根误差（RMSE）分别为0.80、0.63、0.96 CO2 mol%。对于床层外部温度分布，考虑到所有流量和整个A-D循环，最大RMSE为5.5°C。在挪威蒙斯塔德技术中心（TCM）的一个试验工厂开展了一项实验活动并加以应用。开发了数据预处理的方法，包括考虑气体混合的影响、测量延迟和循环稳态条件的确定。考虑所有测试运行的A-D循环的分布情况，发现压力降、床外侧温度、床中部温度和出口CO2浓度分布的最大RMSE分别小于1.5 mbar、3.5°C、2.8°C和1.3 CO2 mol%。该验证模型用于对吸附-解吸循环的几个关键设计操作变量进行敏感性研究。研究发现，烟气流量和浓度对突破时间的非线性影响占主导地位，而对特定吸附剂的脱附时间则受扫气流量的强烈影响。

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引用次数: 0

Integrated multi-attribute transform and seismic driven machine learning technique for geomechanical assessment of Cenozoic reservoirs and seal integrity for carbon storage in the Central Gulf of Mexico 综合多属性变换和地震驱动机器学习技术在墨西哥湾中部新生代储层地质力学评价和封存完整性中的应用

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104480

J.A. Ademilola, Jack C. Pashin

Assessing the geomechanical integrity of seals and storage reservoirs is important prior to carbon dioxide (CO₂) storage because it can determine the safety of storage, containment and stability of a proposed storage, and helps minimize the possibility of CO₂ leakage. This study has integrated simultaneous seismic inversion, multi-attribute transform, and a probabilistic neural network, and uses geophysical well logs to evaluate geomechanical parameters for reservoir and seal integrity assessment of Cenozoic strata. Results indicate that candidate reservoir and seal units identified from wells in the study area possesses greater failure strength than the in-situ stresses and are geomechanically stable. However, there is possibility of tensile failure occurring when the injection get to the mature stage and the effective minimum stress crosses the zero effective normal stress line. Each candidate reservoir storage unit has higher rock strength than its overlying shale layer. The thickness of the caprock units is adequately high to provide effective seal and the thickness of the reservoirs are sufficient to support optimal CO₂ storage resources in the study area. The friction angle of Pliocene–Pleistocene strata is adequately high especially in the eastern part of the study area to minimize the risk of fault reactivation and associated deformation. Additional work can be performed to simulate the response of seals, reservoirs, and geomechanical deformation at variable rates and durations of injection.

在二氧化碳封存之前，评估密封和储层的地质力学完整性非常重要，因为它可以确定封存的安全性、密封和稳定性，并有助于减少二氧化碳泄漏的可能性。本研究将同步地震反演、多属性变换和概率神经网络相结合，利用地球物理测井资料对地质力学参数进行评价，用于新生代地层储层和密封完整性评价。结果表明，研究区的候选储层和密封单元的破坏强度大于地应力，具有良好的地质力学稳定性。然而，当注射到成熟阶段，有效最小应力超过零有效法向应力线时，有可能发生拉伸破坏。每个候选储层存储单元具有比其上覆页岩层更高的岩石强度。盖层单元的厚度足以提供有效的密封，储层的厚度足以支持研究区最佳的CO2储存资源。特别是研究区东部，上新世—更新世地层的摩擦角足够大，以尽量减少断层再活化和相关变形的风险。还可以进行额外的工作来模拟不同速率和注入时间下密封圈、储层和地质力学变形的响应。

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引用次数: 0