International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control最新文献

{"title":"Can acceptance of location-specific carbon capture and storage be tipped? The causal effects of information and question framing","authors":"Jacob Ladenburg,&nbsp;Matteo Zuch,&nbsp;Jiwon Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2026.104566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2026.104566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Today, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is an emerging technology that remains relatively unknown to the public. Informing and educating lay people about the technology, including, e.g., technical processes, potential and associated risks, is essential for obtaining well-informed public opinions about the technology, its deployment, and choices between storage locations. Based on the stated acceptance of offshore, nearshore, rural onshore and urban onshore CCS from 3877–3879 respondents from a Danish national survey, we test how three information experiments and question framing (order) affect location-specific acceptance and relative cross location acceptance while controlling for CCS familiarity. We find significant effects from information about international CCS experience, Danish onshore underground gas storage experience and question order effects. The significance of the effects, though, varies with CCS location. The results also denote that information and question order effects significantly affect the relative acceptance of nearshore CCS, onshore rural and urban CCS, but not offshore CCS. Offshore CCS is always significantly more accepted than the other CCS locations. Finally, we find a significant positive correlation between CCS familiarity and accepting offshore, nearshore and rural CCS locations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 104566"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145975709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unified deep-learning workflow for uncertainty reduction in subsurface carbon storage modeling through data assimilation of seismic-inverted CO2 maps","authors":"Moises Velasco-Lozano ,&nbsp;Bailian Chen ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Ma ,&nbsp;Rajesh Pawar","doi":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2026.104582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2026.104582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prediction of dynamic CO₂ saturation evolution in subsurface storage sites is critical to support carbon capture and storage deployment. Machine learning has gained important relevance to model CO₂ injection in real time, reducing the uncertainty through inverse modeling techniques. However, conventional models rely on monitoring data from a limited number of wells to update the initial reservoir realizations. In this work, we introduce a deep-learning workflow for the use of inverted CO₂ maps from seismic as an innovative data source for improved data assimilation.</div><div>We first built a deep-learning model (forward model engine) based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) and Fourier neural operators to predict CO₂ saturation from reservoir properties and operational conditions. Next, we applied a deep CNN model to invert seismic gathers into encoded and reconstructed CO₂ map responses. Finally, we developed a data assimilation module coupled with the forward model engine to reduce the uncertainty in the predicted CO₂ saturation using the geophysics-derived CO₂ maps from seismic gathers. To verify the applicability of our framework, we investigated the Frio-II storage site. The results obtained demonstrate the importance of assimilating inverted CO₂ maps, enabling a correct match of the spatial and temporal advance of the ground truth CO₂ plumes with discrepancies in the root mean square error less than 0.05. In addition, the calibrated permeability distributions resulted in maps very similar to the ground truth model. The work presented here describes a novel framework to generate more accurate data-driven estimations exploring the assimilation of inverted seismic information.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 104582"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146035925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing carbon mitigation through enhanced oil recovery","authors":"YanJun Lu ,&nbsp;QianBo Fan ,&nbsp;JinXuan Han ,&nbsp;ManPing Yang ,&nbsp;JianGuo Ma ,&nbsp;DaXin Zhou ,&nbsp;HongJian Zhu ,&nbsp;Yu Qi ,&nbsp;HaoRan Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2026.104580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2026.104580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage - Enhanced Oil Recovery (CCUS-EOR) technology, as a key carbon reduction solution for achieving the goals of \"carbon peak\" and \"carbon neutrality\", has broad application prospects. Taking the Tree 16 block of Daqing Oilfield as an example, the system studied the methods for calculating and evaluating the emission reduction throughout the entire chain of the CCUS-EOR project. By identifying the emission sources of each system (CO₂ capture, oil displacement and storage), determining the equipment energy consumption, setting the accounting boundaries and baseline emissions, a carbon net emission reduction calculation model for the carbon capture and oil displacement storage process was established. The research results show that from 2014 to 2023, the cumulative energy consumption of the CO₂ injection equipment in Block 16 of the tree was 258,000 tons, and the cumulative net reduction in emissions reached 455,000 tons, with an emission reduction rate of 59.21%. This study not only confirmed that the CCUS-EOR technology in Block 16 of the tree has the dual benefits of reducing emissions and increasing production, but also provided key data support for creating a \"low-carbon stable production\" demonstration block, striving for policy and market advantages, and offering a systematic solution for the carbon emission reduction calculation of the CCUS-EOR technology. It is of great significance for promoting the integration of CCUS-EOR projects into the carbon trading market and achieving efficient development of carbon assets in CO₂-driven oil and gas field projects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 104580"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146035924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maximizing the CO2 storage capacity in the depleted oil reservoirs: A case study of a mature oil field in Cuu Long Basin, Vietnam","authors":"Trong Vinh Bui ,&nbsp;Quoc Dung Ta","doi":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2026.104579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2026.104579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Among numerous potential candidates for the upcoming projects of carbon sequestration in Vietnam, several depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs in Cuu Long basin have been selected for permanent trapping of CO₂ underground. One of the most concerning issues associated with the injection technique is how to maximize the storage capacity of CO₂ with the available surface facilities and gas resources. In this study, we attempt to numerically identify the most feasible CO₂ injection method compatible with the current availability of the surface conditions for a mature oil field in Cuu Long basin. To this end, a total of twenty-one simulation cases are conducted on two different reservoir models, one of which represents a section of another full-scale model. In the small-scale model, sixteen injection cases of four scenarios are performed to address the effects of hydrocarbon gas, CO₂, and water-alternating-gas technique on the ultimate carbon storage capacity. The best performance in each scenario is then verified in the upscaled model. The results show that a period of gas injection with production allowed can improve up to 58% the ultimate storage capacity of CO₂ in the reservoir. When the amount of CO₂ is limited for a pre-slug, the injection of discharged hydrocarbon gas becomes the most relevant option to efficiently displace liquid from the pore space, favoring the subsequent CO₂ sequestration process. A buffer of a hydrocarbon gas for a certain period before the initiation of CO₂ also shows an extra 11% CO₂ being totally trapped in the field. The introduction of an aqueous phase under the water-alternating-gas technique helps increase a notable volume of oil production due to higher sweep efficiency, but it may partly impede the global occupancy of CO₂, eventually reducing total CO₂ storage capacity. Although the abovementioned results can be translated qualitatively between two reservoir models, however, a further inspection regarding the optimal injection timeline will be recommended for the full-scale model to deal with the upscaling issues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 104579"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerated CCS site screening using Fourier Neural Operator based surrogates for flow simulations","authors":"Suraj Pawar ,&nbsp;Aniruddha Panda ,&nbsp;Anirban Chandra ,&nbsp;Pandu Devarakota ,&nbsp;Faruk O. Alpak ,&nbsp;Jeroen Snippe ,&nbsp;Detlef Hohl","doi":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2026.104583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2026.104583","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;One of the key elements for large scale deployment of carbon capture and storage (CCS) is the selection of appropriate sites to store the captured &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;CO&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. To achieve this goal, various factors such as plume migration, storage capacity, and containment need to be validated over long-time horizons. Flow simulators, which accurately model the complex interplay of buoyancy, viscous, and capillary forces, are typically used for modeling plume migration, and thereby optimizing storage efficiency subject to subsurface constraints. However, large reservoirs and long-time horizons associated with CCS often render conventional flow simulators computationally expensive to apply. The computational efficiency challenge is further intensified for site screening applications in which typically large ensembles of forward simulations are necessary due to the uncertainty associated with subsurface variables. We develop a novel FNO-based surrogate modeling framework for the rapid prediction of plume-migration quantified by spatio-temporal evolution of &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;CO&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; accumulation and saturation fields. The FNO can approximate underlying physics such as multiphase/multicomponent reservoir simulation equations by using large, annotated datasets of input–output pairs. Finite-volume method based subsurface fluid flow simulation is used to generate a comprehensive dataset for a wide range of realistic subsurface parameters that are encountered in CCS sites globally. The outcome of the surrogate model is spatial distributions of &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;CO&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; accumulation and saturation for multiple time snapshots from end-of-injection to the end of a long-term migration period (1000 years post end-of-injection). To evaluate the performance of FNO-based surrogate models in the context of CCS site screening applications, we propose a range of novel physics-based metrics, such as plume distance to the injection location and normalized cumulative &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;CO&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; accumulation. The evaluation of the FNO-based model within probabilistic assessment workflow demonstrates that the statistics of different metrics is captured with high accuracy, including extreme cases. We also obtain &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;to&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;4&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; computational acceleration when compared to numerical simulations used in this work, with minimal sacrifice of prediction accuracy for &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;CO&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; ","PeriodicalId":334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 104583"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146035923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of carbon capture, utilization, and storage supply chains for the hard-to-abate industry in Türkiye","authors":"Sena Kumcu ,&nbsp;Bahar Özyörük ,&nbsp;Fabrizio Bezzo ,&nbsp;Federico d'Amore","doi":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2026.104568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2026.104568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon dioxide plays a central role in driving climate change. Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) has emerged as a critical mitigation option, particularly for hard-to-abate industrial sectors. This study introduces an optimization framework to evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of establishing a large-scale CO₂ infrastructure for the iron and steel, cement, and refining industries in Türkiye. The framework, developed using a mixed-integer linear programming approach, seeks to minimize the overall system costs by integrating multiple capture technologies, transportation means, geological storage options, and the possibility of CO₂ utilization through electro-Methanol production. The results indicate that the most economically efficient solution is achieved under a scenario which combines rail and pipeline transportation, and geological storage within national borders. For a 10% carbon reduction target, the lowest specific CO₂ avoidance cost is 68.0 €/t, while for a 90% target, the cost rises to 110.2 €/t.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 104568"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145975707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of prospective CO2 geological storage resources in the Taiwan Strait","authors":"Jianghui Li ,&nbsp;Yanni Hou ,&nbsp;Fengling Yu ,&nbsp;Daolong Zhou ,&nbsp;Hengnian Dong ,&nbsp;Xiaokang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2026.104578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2026.104578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO₂) is a viable option for achieving large-scale and cost-effective reduction in global CO₂ emissions. The Taixi Basin, spanning the Taiwan Strait, is a potential storage field for reducing CO₂ emissions in the Fujian and Taiwan regions. It hosts multiple effective reservoir-seal combinations, with abundant sandstone formations. These combinations divide the Taixi Basin into five dominant sags, namely the Taizhong Sag, Xinzhu Sag, Jiulongjiang Sag, Jinjiang Sag, and Chongwu Sag. However, the resource assessment of CO₂ storage in the Taixi Basin is typically conducted at the basin-scale, which makes it difficult to determine the resources of the target areas with optimal burial depths and superior reservoir conditions. This study estimates the prospective CO₂ storage resources for each sag of the Taixi Basin using DOE volumetric methods, both without and with considering the pressure limitations. This approach allows for a more in-depth and accurate characterization of regional storage resources. The results show that the theoretical storage resources of the Taixi Basin range between 16.3 Gt and 62.2 Gt, and the effective resources range between 5.03 Gt and 12.3 Gt. This not only provides a clear range of theoretical and effective storage resources but also serves as a guide for implementing real-world CO₂ storage projects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 104578"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146035922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards carbon geosequestration: comparing the wettability performance of Western Australian altered basaltic rock/CO2/water systems","authors":"Seyi Philemon Akanji ,&nbsp;Rossen Sedev ,&nbsp;Lionel Esteban ,&nbsp;Ausama Giwelli ,&nbsp;Trevor Beardsmore ,&nbsp;Heather Howard ,&nbsp;Joel Sarout ,&nbsp;Alireza Keshavarz ,&nbsp;Stefan Iglauer","doi":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geosequestration of carbon dioxide in basaltic rock formations is considered to have the potential to safely and permanently store significant quantities of this greenhouse gas and thereby mitigate its potential global warming effect. The success of this storage method is primarily dependent on the wettability behaviour of the rock-water-CO₂ system, which significantly affects fluid distribution, fluid transport, storage capacity and containment security. This study investigates the wettability performance of several Western Australian altered basaltic rocks, of similar geochemistry, porosity and inter-connection. The wettability behaviour of the basaltic materials is assessed using water containing ions that have been leached from the rock samples used in this investigation (Synthetic Formational Water). Under realistic geo-storage conditions, most samples exhibited intermediate -wet behaviour at pressures of 10 to 80 bar and a temperature of 50 °C. Further increase in pressure from 80 to 100 bar at 50 °C changed the wettability of the altered basaltic rock samples with most samples changing from an intermediate-wet state to weakly CO₂-wet state, while the other sample maintained this intermediate-wet at 100 bar and 50 °C temperature. This study highlights the potential of Western Australian altered basaltic rocks to be used for the mineral storage of CO₂.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 104554"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of CO2 partial pressure on electrochemical behavior of corrosion-resistant alloys for CO2 injection tubing of carbon capture and storage system","authors":"Maryam Eslami ,&nbsp;Xi Wang ,&nbsp;Yoon-Seok Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Four different corrosion-resistant alloys (13Cr, super 13Cr, 25Cr duplex stainless, 25Cr super duplex stainless steel) were studied under two different CO₂ partial pressures (0 and 13.8 MPa) at high temperature (150 °C) in a 3 wt.% NaCl solution. Electrochemical and exposure experiments were conducted at a consistent initial pH for comparison. The results indicate that 13Cr exhibits active corrosion behavior, whereas super 13Cr demonstrates typical passive behavior without re-passivation under the testing conditions. Both 25Cr duplex and 25Cr super duplex steels show exceptional corrosion resistance and passive behavior, with re-passivation potentials higher than corrosion potential in nearly all testing conditions. Passive films show similar composition and forward-scan responses under both experimental conditions; however, in the CO₂ environment, the alloys repassivated only at more negative potentials than in the CO₂-free condition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 104564"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does the release of toxic metals due to subsurface CO2 storage in basalts pose an environmental hazard?","authors":"Deirdre E. Clark ,&nbsp;Iwona M. Galeczka ,&nbsp;Sigurður R. Gíslason ,&nbsp;Sandra Ó. Snæbjörnsdóttir ,&nbsp;Ingvi Gunnarsson ,&nbsp;Eric H. Oelkers","doi":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104526","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104526","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon dioxide storage through the carbonation of subsurface basaltic rocks is currently being explored to limit carbon emissions to the atmosphere. Basaltic rocks, however, contain trace and toxic metals that could potentially be mobilized by the carbonation process. This study reports the degree to which selected trace and toxic metals were mobilized during CarbFix1 and CarbFix2 projects. CarbFix1 injected 175 tons of CO₂-charged water followed by 73 tons of CO₂/H₂S-charged water into basalts at 35 °C, whereas CarbFix2 continuously injected CO₂/H₂S-charged water into basalts at &gt;250 °C. In most cases dissolved concentrations of Ba, Sr, Mo, Cu, Cr, Ni, Cd, and Pb in monitoring well fluids remained low. Although these fluids are not intended for human consumption, the aqueous trace element concentrations were generally below the WHO, EU, and Iceland drinking water standards, except for Fe and Mn in CarbFix1. Aluminum and As concentrations exceeded these standards during CarbFix2, but were elevated before injection. The low concentrations of most trace and toxic metals are consistent with their removal by secondary processes, particularly co-precipitation into carbonate and sulfide minerals formed during gas-water-basalt interaction. Solid precipitates recovered from CarbFix1 show strong enrichment of transition metals in calcite, consistent with natural and engineered analogues. As the two CarbFix injections bound the lower and upper temperature ranges of likely mineral carbon storage efforts, these results suggest limited risk of water contamination due to toxic and trace element release from subsurface basalts due to the injection of dissolved CO₂ and H₂S.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 104526"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145692597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}