International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control最新文献_第4页

Life cycle assessment and sustainability enhancement of closed-loop carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery: Field-scale evaluation in Qatar’s Dukhan Reservoir 闭环二氧化碳提高采收率的生命周期评估和可持续性增强：卡塔尔Dukhan油藏的现场规模评估

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2025-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104502

Razan Sawaly , Ahmad Abushaikha , Tareq Al-Ansari

This study presents a comprehensive environmental evaluation of direct CO₂ injection for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) in the Dukhan Field, Qatar, using a gate-to-gate Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) coupled with an energy optimisation framework. Four operational years (Year 1, 8, 19, and 21) were analysed to capture the system’s transition from external CO₂ sourcing to full internal recycling. Simulations incorporated the recovery of hydrocarbon-rich fuel gases from the capture and purification units, which were utilised in an on-site Combined Heat and Power (CHP) system operating at 55% efficiency. In Year 1, the CHP unit generated 22.2 million GJ of electricity, offsetting 62.5% of the system’s total energy demand (35.5 million GJ). By Year 19, internal energy offset declined to 45.0% due to reduced fuel gas availability, and in Year 21, the fully closed-loop operation required complete reliance on external electricity. Environmental impacts were assessed using the ReCiPe Midpoint (H) 2016 method across 15 impact categories. Global warming potential (GWP100) decreased from 2.00 × 10¹⁰ kg CO₂-eq in Year 1 to 1.20 × 10⁹ kg CO₂-eq in Year 21, with a 16% reduction observed in Year 1 under the fuel gas recovery scenario. This study underscores the environmental and operational advantages of integrating fuel gas recovery and CO₂ recycling. It demonstrates that co-optimising energy and carbon loops can improve lifecycle performance, reduce reliance on fossil-based grid electricity, and support sustainable CO₂-EOR deployment under region-specific constraints.

本研究采用门到门生命周期评估（LCA）和能源优化框架，对卡塔尔Dukhan油田直接注入二氧化碳提高采收率（EOR）进行了全面的环境评估。分析了四个运行年份（第1年、第8年、第19年和第21年），以捕捉系统从外部二氧化碳来源到完全内部回收的转变。模拟包括从捕获和净化装置中回收富含碳氢化合物的燃料气体，这些气体被用于现场热电联产（CHP）系统，运行效率为55%。在第一年，热电联产装置产生了2220万吉焦的电力，抵消了系统总能源需求（3550万吉焦）的62.5%。到第19年，由于燃气供应减少，内部能源抵消下降到45.0%，到第21年，全闭环运行需要完全依赖外部电力。使用ReCiPe Midpoint (H) 2016方法评估了15个影响类别的环境影响。全球变暖潜势（GWP100）从第1年的2.00 × 10¹⁰kg CO₂-eq下降到第21年的1.20 × 10⁹kg CO₂-eq，在燃料气体回收情景下，第1年观测到减少16%。这项研究强调了将燃料气体回收和CO₂循环利用相结合的环境和运营优势。该研究表明，共同优化能源和碳循环可以改善生命周期性能，减少对化石燃料电网电力的依赖，并在特定区域的限制下支持可持续的CO₂-EOR部署。

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引用次数: 0

Deep learning model for fast, science-based forecasting of fluid migration along faults in geologic carbon storage scenarios 深度学习模型用于快速、科学地预测地质碳储存场景下沿断层的流体迁移

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104518

Hyeonseok Lee , Paul E. Kim , Shaowen Mao , Shuojia Fu , Axel P. Indro , Seunghwan Baek , Nate Mitchell , Mohamed Mehana

Effective long-term geologic storage depends on robust site selection and credible, science-based forecasting of subsurface behavior to ensure storage integrity. We develop a deep learning–based reduced-order model (ROM) to quantify potential carbon dioxide (CO₂) and brine migration through geological faults. The ROM combines a Transformer model for binary classification and a Stacked Ensemble for regression, trained on a comprehensive dataset generated from 1400 physics-based reservoir simulations. Key geologic and operational parameters—including fault geometry, reservoir structure, and injection conditions—were systematically varied to capture a wide range of fluid migration scenarios. The ROM accurately predicts the onset of migration, cumulative migration volumes of both CO₂ and brine, and associated migration rates, as compared to an independent set of validation simulations, while significantly reducing computational cost compared to traditional simulation methods. Model performance was evaluated across diverse fault configurations, revealing that shallow reservoir geometry and fault angle are among the most influential factors governing migration behavior. Sensitivity analysis using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) provided interpretability, revealing distinct patterns in how geological and operational features drive transient versus cumulative migration outcomes. The ROM’s ability to rapidly simulate fault migration scenarios enables efficient sensitivity analyses, scenario evaluations, and decision support for site selection and monitoring design. This approach enhances the safety, scalability, and long-term operational performance of geologic carbon storage (GCS) systems by providing a robust, interpretable tool for predicting subsurface fluid migration and assessing fault-related migration potential.

有效的长期地质储存依赖于可靠的选址和可靠的、基于科学的地下行为预测，以确保储存的完整性。我们开发了一种基于深度学习的降阶模型（ROM）来量化潜在的二氧化碳（CO₂）和盐水通过地质断层的迁移。ROM结合了用于二元分类的Transformer模型和用于回归的堆叠集成，并在1400个基于物理的油藏模拟生成的综合数据集上进行了训练。系统地改变了关键的地质和操作参数，包括断层几何形状、储层结构和注入条件，以捕获广泛的流体运移场景。与一组独立的验证模拟相比，ROM准确地预测了迁移的开始、CO₂和盐水的累积迁移体积以及相关的迁移速率，同时与传统的模拟方法相比，显著降低了计算成本。模型在不同断层配置下的性能评估表明，浅层油藏几何形状和断层角度是影响运移行为的最重要因素。使用SHapley加性解释（SHAP）的敏感性分析提供了可解释性，揭示了地质和操作特征如何驱动瞬态和累积迁移结果的不同模式。该ROM能够快速模拟故障迁移场景，从而实现高效的敏感性分析、场景评估以及对选址和监测设计的决策支持。这种方法为预测地下流体运移和评估断层相关的运移潜力提供了一种强大的、可解释的工具，从而提高了地质碳存储（GCS）系统的安全性、可扩展性和长期运行性能。

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引用次数: 0

Pilot testing of mitigation methods for piperazine oxidation 哌嗪氧化减缓方法的试验

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104506

Fred Closmann, Yuying Wu, Chih-I Chen, Ariel Z. Plantz, Gary T. Rochelle

The University of Texas at Austin ran a carbon capture pilot campaign at the Separations Research Program 0.1-MW_e facility to test oxidation mitigation strategies in 5 m piperazine (PZ) using the Piperazine with the Advanced Stripper (PZAS) process. A synthetic natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) flue gas with 4 % CO₂ and 20 % O₂ was used in the campaign. Mitigation methods tested included N₂ gas sparging in the absorber sump for dissolved oxygen (DO) stripping and carbon treating of solvent for dissolved metal ion removal. NO₂ was blended into the flue gas and absorbed by the solvent at a rate of 42 %. 2-oxopiperazine (OPZ) formed at the greatest concentration of the degradation products through a catalytic process at up to 10:1 molar ratio with NO₂ absorbed. Mononitrosopiperazine (MNPZ) was formed at a 1:1 molar ratio with NO₂ absorbed, demonstrating stoichiometric reaction behaviour. The data support the hypothesis that NO₂ reacts with PZ in the absorber to form nitrite and PZ radicals (PZ•). Nitrite reacts with PZ to form MNPZ, while the PZ radicals will participate in radical propagation reactions. At a gas rate of 1 % of total gas traffic in the absorber, N₂ gas sparging into the absorber sump removed 85 % of DO.

德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校（University of Texas at Austin）在分离研究项目（separation Research Program）的0.1 mwe设施中进行了一项碳捕集试验，使用piperazine与高级脱提器（PZAS）工艺，测试5米哌嗪（PZ）的氧化减缓策略。该活动使用了含4% CO2和20% O2的合成天然气联合循环（NGCC）烟气。测试的缓解方法包括在吸收池中喷射氮气以溶出溶解氧（DO）和对溶剂进行碳处理以去除溶解金属离子。将NO2混入烟气中，并以42%的速率被溶剂吸收。2-氧哌嗪（OPZ）在吸收NO2的条件下，以10∶1的摩尔比催化生成。在吸收NO2的条件下，以1:1的摩尔比生成单硝基哌嗪（MNPZ），表现出化学计量反应行为。这些数据支持了NO2在吸收剂中与PZ反应生成亚硝酸盐和PZ自由基（PZ•）的假设。亚硝酸盐与PZ反应生成MNPZ，而PZ自由基则参与自由基增殖反应。当气体流量为吸收塔总气体流量的1%时，喷入吸收塔底壳的N2气体去除了85%的DO。

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引用次数: 0

Applications of chemical monitoring technologies for sub-sea CCS; Sensor assessment, baseline measurement and natural variability 海底CCS化学监测技术的应用传感器评估、基线测量和自然变异性

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2025-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104516

Erik van Ooijen , Abraham Passmore , Joanne Myers , Andrew Ross

Sub-sea carbon dioxide (CO₂) storage on a commercial scale will require baseline measurements and ongoing monitoring of the biochemical signal of the water column above a storage complex to understand natural variation at the injection site and to be able to distinguish this from a potential leak from the storage structure. Here we discuss the performance of a suite of chemical sensors on various platforms and the observed biogeochemical signals within a near-shore dynamic environment in the Bass Strait, Gippsland, Australia. These sensors were deployed on seabed landers, surface moorings, Saildrone unmanned surface vehicle (USV) and a crewed vessel demonstrating reliable and high-quality, near real-time data return. We discuss the baseline signal and natural variability of the biochemical parameters at the study site and its relevance in the context of CCS monitoring.

商业规模的海底二氧化碳（CO2）储存将需要基线测量和持续监测储存库上方水柱的生化信号，以了解注入点的自然变化，并能够将其与储存结构的潜在泄漏区分开来。在这里，我们讨论了一套化学传感器在各种平台上的性能，以及在澳大利亚吉普斯兰巴斯海峡近岸动态环境中观察到的生物地球化学信号。这些传感器部署在海底着陆器、水面系泊、Saildrone无人水面航行器（USV）和一艘载人船只上，展示了可靠、高质量、近实时的数据返回。我们讨论了基线信号和生物化学参数的自然变异性在研究地点及其在CCS监测背景下的相关性。

引用次数: 0

Non-aqueous CO2 capture solvent corrosion results from testing at technology centre mongstad 在蒙斯塔德技术中心测试的非水二氧化碳捕获溶剂腐蚀结果

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104504

Katy E. Jessop, Paul D. Mobley, Jak Tanthana, Vijay Gupta, Marty A. Lail

RTI International demonstrated its non-aqueous CO₂ capture solvent (NAS) at Technology Centre Mongstad in 2022. A corrosion study was conducted to determine appropriate materials of construction for NAS capture plants and generate an accurate techno-economic analysis. Stainless steel, carbon steel, resin, and elastomer corrosion coupons were installed in five process locations to investigate corrosion rates under different temperature, CO₂ loading, flow velocity, and stream phase conditions. Following exposure, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, dye penetrant testing, and shore hardness measurements were used to evaluate the material characteristics. Carbon steels had excellent corrosion resistance under cold solvent stream and stripper overhead conditions indicating lower alloy steel may be used in these process areas; stainless steels had excellent performance under all conditions. ULTEM 1000 resin and EPDM-60A elastomer were not suitable for use with NAS, however Gislaved Gummi’s proprietary EPDM-XH withstood exposure to NAS. NAS’ low water content was critical to minimizing the formation and transport of corrosion and solvent degradation inducing ions, resulting in low corrosivity. Dissolved metals and solvent conductivity were monitored as an indicator of system corrosion. NAS had significantly less dissolved metals content when compared to similar testing with 30 wt% MEA, which can be attributed to the low NAS corrosivity. Literature correlations between CO₂ capture solvent conductivity and corrosion rates could not accurately predict the minimal NAS corrosion rates.

RTI国际公司于2022年在蒙斯塔德技术中心展示了其非水二氧化碳捕集溶剂（NAS）。进行了腐蚀研究，以确定适合NAS捕集厂的建筑材料，并产生准确的技术经济分析。在五个工艺位置安装了不锈钢、碳钢、树脂和弹性体腐蚀片，以研究不同温度、二氧化碳负荷、流速和流相条件下的腐蚀速率。曝光后，使用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、染料渗透测试和邵氏硬度测量来评估材料特性。碳钢在冷溶剂流和汽提塔顶置条件下具有优异的耐腐蚀性，表明在这些工艺领域可以使用低合金钢；不锈钢在各种条件下都具有优良的性能。ULTEM 1000树脂和EPDM-60A弹性体不适合与NAS一起使用，但Gislaved Gummi的专有EPDM-XH经受住了NAS的影响。NAS的低含水量对于最大限度地减少腐蚀和溶剂降解诱导离子的形成和传输至关重要，从而导致低腐蚀性。监测溶解金属和溶剂电导率作为系统腐蚀的指标。与30 wt% MEA的类似测试相比，NAS的溶解金属含量显著降低，这可归因于NAS的低腐蚀性。CO2捕集溶剂电导率与腐蚀速率之间的文献相关性不能准确预测最小NAS腐蚀速率。

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引用次数: 0

Reactivity of glauconitic sandstones in CO2 experiments 海绿石砂岩在CO2实验中的反应性

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2025-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104501

Rikke Weibel , Samira Khani Rasmussen , Wael Fadi Al-Masri , Hanne D. Holmslykke , Andrew Fogden , Stephen Hillier , Nynke Keulen , Mette Olivarius , Knud Didriksen , Jesper Stokkendal , Niels H. Schovsbo

The Palaeogene glauconitic sandstones in the produced Nini West oilfield were successfully tested by pilot injection of ∼4 kT of CO₂ in the Spring 2023 and the application for permanent storage facility is now being evaluated at the Danish Energy Agency. The sandstones are unique by having 25–30 vol% glauconitic clasts, which consist of mixed-layer glauconitic mica/Fe-smectite. The objective of the presented study was to document the reactivity of the glauconitic sandstones with respect to deterioration and carbonation during CO₂ injection. Four flooding experiments were conducted at reservoir conditions whereby supercritical CO₂ (scCO₂) was injected in sandstone plugs saturated with synthetic brine mimicking the formation water. Different flow rates, brine volumes, presence of hydrocarbons, purity of CO₂ and numbers of cycles of brine and scCO₂ were used to evaluate how individual parameters affected the glauconitic sandstones. A range of techniques were used to characterise the sandstone samples before and after experiments, such as Micro-CT, petrographical investigations in optical and scanning electron microscope (SEM), automated quantitative mineralogy (AQM), bulk and clay mineralogy by X-ray diffraction (XRD).

The glauconitic clasts show a changed colour in optical microscope and had increased iron content (based on AQM) after the experiments, caused by intraclast precipitation of iron-oxide/hydroxide after partial dissolution of glauconitic clasts and/or corrosion of the test equipment. Dissolution grooves formed in K-feldspar overgrowth during some experiments show that K-feldspar dissolved when exposed to the acidic conditions arising when CO₂ with NO₂ and SO₂ was injected. Intensive dissolution of scattered calcite cement occurred in all experiments flooded with alternating CO₂ and brine. Alteration and dissolution of siderite rhombs intensified in samples without hydrocarbons present. Carbonate dissolution and glauconitic clast alterations resulted in slight decrease in geomechanical strength, although not viewed critical for reservoir integrity.

2023年春季，通过向Nini West油田中试注入约4 kT二氧化碳，成功测试了该油田的古近系海绿石砂岩，目前丹麦能源署正在评估永久储存设施的申请。该砂岩的独特之处在于含有25-30 vol%的海绿石碎屑，由混合层海绿石云母/铁蒙脱石组成。本研究的目的是记录海绿石砂岩在二氧化碳注入过程中变质和碳化的反应性。在油藏条件下进行了四次驱油实验，将超临界二氧化碳（scCO2）注入饱和的模拟地层水的合成盐水的砂岩塞中。利用不同的流速、卤水体积、碳氢化合物的存在、CO2的纯度以及卤水和scCO2的循环次数来评估各个参数对海绿石砂岩的影响。研究人员在实验前后使用了一系列技术来表征砂岩样品，如Micro-CT、光学和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）岩石学研究、自动定量矿物学（AQM）、x射线衍射（XRD）的体积和粘土矿物学。实验后的海绿石碎屑在光学显微镜下颜色发生变化，铁含量（基于AQM）增加，这是由于海绿石碎屑部分溶解后氧化铁/氢氧化物在岩屑内沉淀和/或试验设备腐蚀所致。在部分实验中，钾长石过度生长形成的溶解槽表明，当注入含有NO2和SO2的CO2时，钾长石在酸性条件下溶解。在CO2和卤水交替作用下，散粒方解石水泥均发生剧烈溶解。菱铁矿菱形的蚀变和溶解在没有碳氢化合物存在的样品中加剧。碳酸盐溶蚀和海绿石碎屑蚀变导致地质力学强度略有下降，但对储层完整性并不重要。

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引用次数: 0

Techno-economic and environmental assessment of carbon capture and storage in northeastern U.S. industrial clusters 美国东北部工业集群碳捕获与封存的技术经济与环境评估

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104499

A.C. (Thanos) Bourtsalas , D. Goldberg , T. Zorn

This study evaluates the techno-economic and environmental performance of large-scale carbon capture and storage (CCS) deployment across 175 industrial facilities in the Northeastern United States, including fossil fuel power plants, cement, lime, glass, and waste-to-energy (WtE) plants—collectively emitting 147.2 million tons of CO₂ annually. A regional hub model was developed to leverage economies of scale, spatial clustering, and shared infrastructure for both onshore and offshore storage. Techno-economic analysis shows that onshore CCS achieves lower break-even prices ($44.5–46.7/ton CO₂) and higher NPV ($38.4–72.7 billion) than offshore CCS ($54.2–58.1/ton CO₂; NPV $27.2–55.4 billion). Life-cycle assessment reveals lower environmental burdens for onshore CCS (123.5 Mtons CO₂-eq vs. 136.2 Mtons for offshore), particularly when powered by renewables. Switching to offshore wind or hybrid wind–solar electricity can reduce life-cycle impacts by over 90 % across key TRACI indicators, including global warming and ecotoxicity. A multi-criteria evaluation across eight dimensions assigns a total score of 600/800 to onshore CCS and 545/800 to offshore. Onshore systems outperform in cost-efficiency, technical feasibility, and monitoring potential, while offshore CCS offers advantages in reducing land-use conflicts and improving public acceptance—making it a valuable option for coastal industrial clusters. Cement plants emerge as favorable candidates due to higher CO₂ concentrations. Fossil plants offer the greatest abatement potential, and WtE facilities present integration opportunities in urban settings. Though smaller in scale, lime and glass industries can benefit from cluster-based strategies. The findings highlight the importance of aligning CCS deployment with renewable electricity and recommend extending 45Q credit duration, streamlining permitting, and enabling regionally tailored strategies.

本研究评估了美国东北部175个工业设施大规模碳捕集与封存（CCS）部署的技术经济和环境绩效，包括化石燃料发电厂、水泥、石灰、玻璃和废物转化为能源（WtE）工厂，这些工厂每年总共排放1.472亿吨二氧化碳。开发了一个区域枢纽模型，以利用规模经济、空间集群和陆上和海上存储的共享基础设施。技术经济分析表明，与海上CCS（542 - 58.1美元/吨二氧化碳；NPV 272 - 554亿美元）相比，陆上CCS的盈亏平衡价格（445 - 46.7美元/吨二氧化碳）更低，净现值（384 - 727亿美元）更高。生命周期评估显示，陆上CCS的环境负担较低（1.350亿吨二氧化碳当量，而海上则为1.362亿吨），特别是在采用可再生能源的情况下。转向海上风能或风能-太阳能混合发电可以将包括全球变暖和生态毒性在内的关键TRACI指标的生命周期影响减少90%以上。在8个维度的多标准评估中，陆上CCS的总分为600/800，海上CCS的总分为545/800。陆上系统在成本效益、技术可行性和监测潜力方面优于海上系统，而海上CCS在减少土地使用冲突和提高公众接受度方面具有优势，使其成为沿海产业集群的一个有价值的选择。由于二氧化碳浓度较高，水泥厂成为首选。化石燃料发电厂提供了最大的减排潜力，而垃圾焚烧设施在城市环境中提供了整合机会。石灰和玻璃行业虽然规模较小，但可以从基于集群的战略中受益。研究结果强调了将CCS部署与可再生电力相结合的重要性，并建议延长45Q信用期限，简化许可程序，并实施区域定制战略。

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引用次数: 0

Numerical investigations of ocean and earth tidal-induced pressure fluctuations affected by CO2 injection CO2注入影响海洋和地球潮汐引起的压力波动的数值研究

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104484

Toshifumi Akaki, Hajime Yamamoto

Pore pressure in aquifers shows small fluctuations induced by earth and ocean tides, which decrease when CO₂ is injected due to its higher compressibility than water. This reduction is significant in a CO₂ plume and propagates to outer water-saturated regions if the reservoir has high permeability. The degree of reduction mainly depends on the distance from the CO₂ plume. Therefore, it possibly provides useful information for inversion of CO₂ plume shape and position. Traditionally, the fluctuation induced by tides are understood and formulated using poroelasticity, and there have been studies examining the impact of CO₂ on pressure fluctuation based on one-dimensional analytical solutions for infinite reservoir. In this study, we used fluid geomechanical coupled analysis with a poroelastic continuum model and two-phase flow to investigate the effects of CO₂ injection on pressure fluctuation inside and outside the CO₂ plume. Simulations were conducted for hypothetical reservoirs under ocean tide effects similar to Tomakomai CCS project site and earth tide effects at Otway CCS site. Our numerical simulations showed a similar behavior of an amplitude reduction and a phase-shift observed at Tomakomai CCS site and reproduced amplitude reductions at Otway CCS site. These results indicate the usefulness of numerical simulations for effects of CO₂ on tidal induced pressure fluctuation during CO₂ injection. This work should be regarded as a preliminary step toward future applications that incorporate more realistic CO₂ plume geometries and complex hydro-mechanical conditions beyond the reach of one-dimensional analytical models.

含水层孔隙压力受潮汐和潮汐的影响波动较小，由于CO2比水具有更高的压缩性，注入CO2后孔隙压力减小。这种减少在CO2羽流中是显著的，如果储层具有高渗透率，则会传播到外部水饱和区域。减少的程度主要取决于与CO2羽流的距离。因此，它可能为CO2羽流形状和位置的反演提供有用的信息。传统上，潮汐引起的波动是用孔隙弹性理论来理解和表述的，已有研究基于无限油藏的一维解析解来考察CO2对压力波动的影响。本研究采用流体地质力学耦合分析方法，结合孔隙弹性连续体模型和两相流模型，研究了CO2注入对CO2羽流内外压力波动的影响。对类似Tomakomai CCS项目场址的海潮效应和Otway CCS场址的潮汐效应下的假设储层进行了模拟。我们的数值模拟显示，在Tomakomai CCS站点观察到类似的幅度降低和相移行为，并再现了Otway CCS站点的幅度降低。这些结果表明，数值模拟对CO2注入过程中潮汐引起的压力波动的影响是有用的。这项工作应该被视为迈向未来应用的初步步骤，这些应用包括更现实的CO₂羽流几何形状和超出一维分析模型的复杂流体力学条件。

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引用次数: 0

Monitoring injected CO2 migration using time-lapse crosshole seismic testing with downhole DAS receivers and an electric sparker source 利用井下DAS接收器和电火花源，利用延时井间地震测试监测注入二氧化碳的运移情况

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104495

Nikita Beloborodov , Konstantin Tertyshnikov , Roman Isaenkov , Boris Gurevich , Olivia Collet , Pavel Shashkin , Mikhail Vorobev , Roman Pevzner

Time-lapse surface and borehole seismic methods are widely used for conformance and containment monitoring of CO₂ injected into the subsurface due to superior spatial resolution of these methods compared to other geophysical techniques. When closely spaced wells are available, still higher resolution can be achieved by using crosshole seismic monitoring with sources located in one well and receivers in another. The resolution can be enhanced even further by using high-frequency sources such as an electric sparker in combination with downhole distributed acoustic sensors (DAS). This technology was tested during the injection of 16 tonnes of CO₂ gas into a shallow well at the CO2CRC’s Otway International Test Centre in the Australian State of Victoria. After the start of the injection, a velocity anomaly was located in the vicinity of the injection point and grew as the injection progressed. Another velocity anomaly closer to the surface was detected close to the end of the injection, indicating upward CO₂ migration. These results confirm that using DAS with a high-frequency downhole source is a viable approach for CO₂ monitoring in shallow formations.

由于与其他地球物理技术相比，延时地面和钻孔地震方法具有更高的空间分辨率，因此这些方法被广泛用于监测注入地下的二氧化碳的一致性和封闭性。当井距较近时，采用井间地震监测（井间震源位于一口井，接收器位于另一口井）可以获得更高的分辨率。通过使用高频源，如电火花与井下分布式声学传感器（DAS）相结合，可以进一步提高分辨率。在澳大利亚维多利亚州的CO2CRC Otway国际测试中心，将16吨二氧化碳气体注入一口浅井，对这项技术进行了测试。注入开始后，在注入点附近出现了速度异常，并随着注入的进行而增大。在靠近注入末端的地方，另一个速度异常被检测到，表明CO₂向上迁移。这些结果证实，在浅层地层中使用DAS与高频井下源是监测CO₂的可行方法。

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引用次数: 0

Insights into cement healing under long-term carbonation 长期碳化作用下水泥愈合的研究进展

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104488

Saeid Barzegar, Hamed M. Kermani, Hamidreza M. Nick

Well integrity during and after the abandonment of CO₂-injected wells is a critical concern in subsurface carbon storage. Cement sheaths used for sealing must maintain long-term durability under chemically aggressive conditions, particularly in the presence of CO₂-rich fluids. The present study simulates a multi-component reactive diffusion in cementitious materials with a focus on understanding the self-healing behavior of cement in contact with CO₂. This model considers the primary phases of hydrated G Class, a high sulfate-resistant grade typically used for subsurface wellbores, that contains Calcium Silicate Hydrate, Portlandite, Hydrotalcite, Monosulfoaluminate, C₃FH₆, and Ettringite. The model predicts the mineralogical alterations and the propagation of the dissolved CO₂ front under varying temperature and pressure conditions. The results indicate how the multi-component reactive transport leads to an efficient healing of the cement sheath by reducing porosity at the carbonation front and how both temperature and pressure conditions notably influence the healing zone. Furthermore, the analysis demonstrates how temperature, pressure, and porosity changes impact the diffusive CO₂ propagation. Importantly, considering the interaction between chemical reactions and changes in the properties of the porous media, an empirical relationship is proposed to estimate the long-term durability and performance of G-class cement used in abandonment applications.

在废弃注入二氧化碳的井期间和之后，井的完整性是地下碳储存的关键问题。用于密封的水泥护套必须在化学腐蚀性条件下保持长期耐久性，特别是在富含二氧化碳的流体中。本研究模拟了胶凝材料中的多组分反应扩散，重点了解水泥与二氧化碳接触时的自愈行为。该模型考虑了水合G级的初级相，这是一种高抗硫酸盐等级，通常用于地下井眼，含有水合硅酸钙、波特兰石、水滑石、单硫铝酸盐、C3FH6和钙矾石。该模型预测了不同温度和压力条件下的矿物学变化和溶解CO2锋的扩展。结果表明，多组分反应输运如何通过减少碳化前沿的孔隙率来实现水泥环的有效愈合，以及温度和压力条件如何显著影响愈合区。此外，分析还展示了温度、压力和孔隙度变化对CO2扩散传播的影响。重要的是，考虑到化学反应与多孔介质性质变化之间的相互作用，提出了一种经验关系，以估计废弃应用中使用的g级水泥的长期耐久性和性能。

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