International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control最新文献_第2页

Organic-inorganic carbon cycling: Implications for CO2 mineralization of brucite-bearing mine tailings 有机-无机碳循环：含水铅矿尾矿CO2矿化的意义

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2026.104591

Justin A. Lockhart , Ian M. Power , Kwon Rausis , Shaheen Akhtar , Robert Caldwell , David French

Enhanced weathering and mineralization of ultramafic tailings permanently stores carbon dioxide (CO₂) within stable carbonate minerals. Brucite [Mg(OH)₂], a minor phase (up to ∼13 wt.%) of ultramafic tailings, offers substantial potential for CO₂ sequestration, yet its carbonation is limited by CO₂ supply. Here, we propose coupling organic and inorganic carbon cycling to accelerate brucite carbonation by amending ultramafic tailings with waste organics, a strategy often employed for remediation. This study aimed to understand the influence of tailings grain size and organics content on brucite carbonation and tailings cementation. Column experiments (∼20 cm height, 10 weeks) involved layering waste organics and brucite-bearing tailings (2 wt.%) of different grain sizes (<63, 63–125, and 125–250 μm) and were compared to controls of organics and tailings only. Average carbonation rates for amended columns (102 kg CO₂/t tailings/yr) were ∼8 × faster than tailings controls (13 kg CO₂/t tailings/yr) that were only exposed to laboratory CO₂ concentrations. Reacted tailings had depleted ¹³C compositions (δ¹³C = −10.9‰ to −9.9‰ VPDB) relative to initial tailings (−6.4‰), indicating incorporation of respired CO₂. Cylindrical tests using compacted mixtures of tailings and organic matter exhibited 16–63% brucite carbonation along with unconfined compressive strengths of 0.08–0.51 MPa, a co-benefit of brucite carbonation. Our study demonstrates that using waste organics significantly accelerates brucite carbonation, which has implications for the remediation of ultramafic tailings. This proposed passive remediation system exploits an inexpensive CO₂ source for rapid carbonation, which can reduce net CO₂ emissions after mine closure.

超镁铁尾矿的风化和矿化作用增强，将二氧化碳永久储存在稳定的碳酸盐矿物中。水镁石[Mg(OH)2]是超镁铁尾矿的一个次要相（高达~ 13 wt.%），具有巨大的二氧化碳封存潜力，但其碳化受到二氧化碳供应的限制。在这里，我们提出了有机碳和无机碳耦合循环，通过用废有机物修正超镁铁尾矿来加速水镁石碳酸化，这是一种通常用于修复的策略。本研究旨在了解尾矿粒度和有机物含量对水镁石碳酸化和尾矿胶结的影响。柱实验（~ 20 cm高，10周）涉及将不同粒径（<；63、63 - 125和125-250 μm）的废有机物和含水镁石尾矿（2 wt.%）分层，并与仅为有机物和尾矿的对照组进行比较。修正柱的平均碳化率（102 kg CO2/t尾矿/年）比仅暴露于实验室二氧化碳浓度的尾矿对照组（13 kg CO2/t尾矿/年）快8倍。反应后的尾矿中13C含量（δ13C = - 10.9‰~ - 9.9‰VPDB）明显低于初始尾矿（- 6.4‰），表明其中有呼吸CO2的掺入。采用压实尾砂和有机物混合物进行的柱形试验显示，水镁石碳化率为16-63%，无侧限抗压强度为0.08-0.51 MPa，这是水镁石碳化的共同优势。我们的研究表明，使用废有机物显著加速水镁石碳酸化，这对超镁铁尾矿的修复具有重要意义。提出的被动修复系统利用廉价的二氧化碳源进行快速碳化，可以减少矿山关闭后的二氧化碳净排放量。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of pore-scale heterogeneity on continuum-scale multiphase flow properties: Insights from Indiana limestone 孔隙尺度非均质性对连续尺度多相流特性的影响：来自印第安纳州石灰岩的见解

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2026.104623

Nihal Darraj , Sojwal Manoorkar , Catherine Spurin , Sajjad Foroughi , Steffen Berg , Ronny Pini , Martin J. Blunt , Samuel Krevor

Microscale heterogeneity in porous media can influence larger-scale multiphase flow behaviour, particularly in the context of CO₂ storage. We conducted a multiphase steady-state flooding experiments on Indiana limestone, a carbonate with millimetre-scale heterogeneity, at two flow rates with capillary numbers of N_c = 5 × 10⁻⁸ and 1 × 10⁻⁷. Micro-CT at a 4.9 µm resolution was used to image nitrogen–brine displacement: the analysis included the whole sample and six representative sub-volumes from distinct regions.

The analysis shows that doubling the capillary number produced a more homogeneous saturation profile, reflecting the greater influence of viscous forces even within a predominantly capillary-controlled regime. Moreover, the relative permeabilities shifted upward and to higher brine saturation with decreasing flow rate; this indicated that the non-wetting phase benefits from enhanced connectivity through preferential pathways. As the flow rate increases, however, viscous forces begin to override local capillary entry barriers, enabling the non-wetting phase to invade smaller and previously uninvaded pores. The sub-volume analysis showed two distinct regions with different entry pressures: the regions with higher entry pressure exhibit a higher gas invasion at the higher flow rate, whereas low capillary entry pressure regions showed minimal change.

These observations show that modest increases in capillary number can change relative permeability, saturation, and trapping. This underlines the need to represent capillary heterogeneity when upscaling flow properties for reservoir-scale simulation of subsurface CO₂ storage. Relative permeability models that neglect sub-grid variability may bias simulated plume migration and trapping efficiency, and therefore the inferred storage performance.

多孔介质中的微尺度非均质性可以影响更大规模的多相流行为，特别是在二氧化碳储存的背景下。在毛细管数Nc = 5 × 10−8和1 × 10−7两种流速下，对具有毫米尺度非均质性的碳酸盐印第安纳石灰岩进行了多相稳态驱油实验。使用分辨率为4.9µm的Micro-CT对氮盐水置换成像：分析包括整个样品和来自不同区域的六个代表性子体积。分析表明，毛细管数量增加一倍会产生更均匀的饱和剖面，这反映出即使在主要由毛细管控制的状态下，粘性力的影响也更大。随着流量的减小，相对渗透率呈上移趋势，盐水饱和度较高；这表明非润湿阶段受益于通过优先途径增强的连通性。然而，随着流速的增加，粘性力开始覆盖局部毛细血管进入屏障，使非润湿相能够侵入更小的、以前未侵入的孔隙。亚体积分析显示了两个不同进入压力的区域：高进入压力区域在高流速下表现出更大的气体侵入，而低毛细管进入压力区域变化最小。这些观察结果表明，毛细管数量的适度增加可以改变相对渗透率、饱和度和圈闭。这强调了在油藏尺度模拟地下CO₂储存时，在提高流动特性时需要代表毛细管非均质性。忽略亚网格变异性的相对渗透率模型可能会影响模拟羽流迁移和捕获效率，从而影响推断的存储性能。

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引用次数: 0

CO2LOGIX: A first-order model of pressure-constrained CO2 geological storage growth at the basin scale CO2LOGIX：盆地尺度压力约束下CO2地质储量增长的一阶模型

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2026.104608

Iain de Jonge-Anderson , Gareth Johnson , Juan Alcalde , Jennifer J. Roberts

Subsurface pressure increases from CO₂ injection can constrain injectivity and operating margins, reducing the dynamic capacity of CO₂ geological storage systems. Engineered pressure management approaches are effective but carry additional cost and risk. Understanding the magnitude, interaction and evolution of these effects at the regional and multi-project scale is limited by computational demands and uncertainty over future deployment trajectories. This presents a limitation for climate-policy-informing frameworks such as Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs), which typically consider only static capacity in carbon capture and storage technology growth. We present CO2LOGIX, a new model which evaluates the scale of subsurface pressure buildup under different growth trajectories with computational efficiency. The model combines well-established analytical solutions describing pressure diffusion in the subsurface with a flexible logistic growth model, which informs well deployment rates and can be adjusted to reflect realistic development scenarios. We demonstrate the value of CO2LOGIX through a UK case study. In a modelled scenario based on historic industry growth rates, unmitigated pressure reaches upper bounds after 83 years, with ∼ 12 GtCO₂ stored by 2100 – well above national targets of 4–6 GtCO₂. However, short-term storage rates remain low (5 MtCO₂/year by 2030 and 30 MtCO₂/year by 2050), below recommended targets. Faster growth scenarios cause earlier pressure limit breaches, reducing available unmitigated capacity or requiring costly mitigation. Our findings underscore the importance of incorporating realistic pressure feedbacks between injection rates and long-term storage capacity into IAMs. CO2LOGIX provides a new first-order framework to anticipate and manage pressure limits in large-scale CO₂ storage deployment.

二氧化碳注入引起的地下压力增加会限制注入能力和作业边际，降低二氧化碳地质储存系统的动态容量。工程压力管理方法是有效的，但会带来额外的成本和风险。由于计算需求和未来部署轨迹的不确定性，在区域和多项目规模上理解这些影响的程度、相互作用和演变受到限制。这给诸如综合评估模型（iam）等气候政策信息框架带来了限制，这些框架通常只考虑碳捕获和封存技术增长的静态能力。我们提出了一个新的模型CO2LOGIX，它可以计算效率高地评估不同生长轨迹下地下压力积累的规模。该模型将描述地下压力扩散的成熟解析解与灵活的逻辑增长模型相结合，该模型可为井部署速率提供信息，并可根据实际开发情况进行调整。我们通过一个英国案例研究来展示CO2LOGIX的价值。在基于历史工业增长率的模拟情景中，未缓解的压力在83年后达到上限，到2100年将储存约12亿吨二氧化碳，远高于4-6亿吨二氧化碳的国家目标。然而，短期封存率仍然很低（到2030年为500万吨二氧化碳/年，到2050年为3000万吨二氧化碳/年），低于建议的目标。更快的增长情景导致压力极限更早突破，减少可用的未缓解能力或需要昂贵的缓解措施。我们的研究结果强调了将注入速率和长期存储容量之间的实际压力反馈纳入iam的重要性。CO2LOGIX提供了一种新的一阶框架，用于预测和管理大规模二氧化碳存储部署中的压力限制。

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引用次数: 0

Determining the extent of potential fugitive fluid migration from geologic carbon storage in hydrocarbon-bearing reservoirs: Insights from one-dimensional numerical modeling 确定含油气储层地质储碳的潜在无组织流体运移程度：来自一维数值模拟的见解

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2026.104617

Christine Doughty, Omotayo Omosebi

Numerical modeling of Geologic Carbon Sequestration in permeable reservoirs initially containing hydrocarbons is conducted using the multi-phase, multi-component thermohydrologic simulator TOGA (TOUGH Oil, Gas, Aqueous; TOUGH stands for Transport Of Unsaturated Groundwater and Heat), to determine how phase and composition of the original fluids influence the extent of the zone where upward fugitive fluid migration could potentially occur, denoted R_f. The area within R_f comprises regions of substantially elevated pressure and free-phase CO₂ saturation, where a breach in reservoir sealing capacity would lead to upward fugitive fluid migration. The model examines the conditions within the storage reservoir that could lead to fugitive flow, but does not model the fugitive flow itself. A one-dimensional radial model of the storage reservoir is used, and three initial phase conditions are considered: single-phase aqueous, two-phase gas-aqueous, and three-phase oil-gas-aqueous. Components that may be present are H₂O, CO₂, CH₄, C₄H₁₀, and C₁₀H₂₂. The most important factors controlling R_f are (1) the initial gas-phase saturation within the reservoir, and (2) the lateral extent of multi-phase initial conditions, particularly CO₂. The composition of liquid and gas phases has a secondary effect. The impact of reservoir depth, thickness, injection rate, and hydrologic properties are also briefly examined, with thickness (or equivalently injection rate) having the biggest effect. These results can help to understand important trends in potential response of CO₂-EOR fields being considered for dedicated CO₂ storage.

利用多相、多组分热水文模拟器TOGA （TOUGH Oil, Gas，水溶液；TOUGH代表不饱和地下水和热量的输送）对初始含烃渗透储层的地质固碳进行了数值模拟，以确定原始流体的相和组成如何影响可能发生向上逸散性流体迁移的区域范围，表示为Rf。Rf内的区域包括压力大幅升高和自由相CO2饱和度的区域，在这些区域，储层密封能力的裂缝将导致流体向上运移。该模型考察了储存库中可能导致无组织流动的条件，但没有对无组织流动本身进行建模。采用一维径向储层模型，考虑了三种初始相条件：单相水相、两相气相水相和三相油气水相。可能存在的成分有H2O、CO2、CH4、C4H10和C10H22。控制Rf的最重要因素是：(1)储层内初始气相饱和度；(2)多相初始条件的横向程度，特别是CO2。液相和气相的组成起次要作用。还简要考察了储层深度、厚度、注入速度和水文性质的影响，其中厚度（或相当于注入速度）的影响最大。这些结果可以帮助理解考虑专用二氧化碳储存的CO2- eor油田潜在响应的重要趋势。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Assessing the geological storage potential of CO2 in Baltic Basin: A case study of Lithuanian hydrocarbon and deep saline reservoirs” [International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 133 (2024) 104097] “评估波罗的海盆地二氧化碳的地质储存潜力：立陶宛碳氢化合物和深层盐储层的案例研究”的勘误表[国际温室气体控制杂志133 (2024)104097]

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2026.104601

Shruti Malik , Pijus Makauskas , Viltė Karaliūtė , Mayur Pal , Ravi Sharma

引用次数: 0

Screening CO2 storage potential of petroleum reservoirs on the Norwegian Continental Shelf 挪威大陆架油藏CO2储存潜力筛选

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2026.104607

Alexey Khrulenko , Trine S. Mykkeltvedt , Sarah E. Gasda

This study aims to assess the CO₂ storage potential of petroleum fields on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS) using publicly available well and reservoir data. A set of indicators is proposed to infer CO₂ storage capacity, injectivity, remaining production time, and other relevant parameters. The original and enriched data, along with the derived indicators, have been compiled into a database covering 134 Norwegian fields. The total storage capacity indicator is estimated at ∼18 Gt, with 64 % attributed to the ten largest fields and 69 % to gas production.

The presented approach is simple, transparent, reproducible, and relies solely on open data. It enables screening, highlighting knowledge gaps and key areas for further detailed studies, and consistently comparing candidate reservoirs. The proposed methodology is illustrated by two case studies.

The findings and data from this study have broader applications, such as hydrogen storage, demonstrating significant potential for further reuse of data from petroleum reservoirs. The data and codes are openly accessible at https://github.com/cssr-tools/SubCSeT, and a web application for visualization and screening is available at https://subcset-35e143428f88.herokuapp.com.

本研究旨在利用公开的油井和油藏数据，评估挪威大陆架（NCS）油田的CO₂储存潜力。提出了一套指标来推断CO₂储存量、注入率、剩余生产时间和其他相关参数。原始的和丰富的数据，连同派生的指标，已汇编成一个数据库，涵盖挪威134个油田。总存储容量指标估计为18 Gt，其中64%归因于10个最大的油田，69%归因于天然气生产。所提出的方法简单、透明、可重复，并且完全依赖于开放数据。它可以筛选、突出知识空白和关键领域，以便进一步详细研究，并持续比较候选储层。两个案例研究说明了所提出的方法。这项研究的结果和数据具有更广泛的应用，例如储氢，显示了进一步再利用油藏数据的巨大潜力。数据和代码可在https://github.com/cssr-tools/SubCSeT上公开访问，用于可视化和筛选的web应用程序可在https://subcset-35e143428f88.herokuapp.com上获得。

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引用次数: 0

Dissolution behavior of interacting CO2 microbubbles analyzed using Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian approach 用任意拉格朗日-欧拉方法分析了相互作用CO2微泡的溶解行为

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2026.104593

Takuro Sunouchi , Tomochika Tokunaga

CO₂ microbubble (MBCO₂) injection may broaden the applicability and reduce the injectivity-related risks of carbon capture and storage. However, the MBCO₂ dissolution process is complex and difficult to experimentally quantify. MBCO₂ dissolution was numerically analyzed using the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) method to quantitatively examine dissolution phenomena, including bubble shrinkage, gas migration between phases, and bubble interference using simulations. A single MBCO₂ quickly dissolves and disappears under bottom-hole conditions. One MBCO₂ with a diameter of 20 or 50 µm disappears in approximately 50 or 260 ms, respectively. This difference in dissolution time arises from increases in interfacial surface area and interfacial CO₂ flux per unit area as the bubble size decreases. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses show that the CO₂ solubility and dissolution rates are slightly lower in saline water (3.5 wt.% salinity), and the dissolution still occurs within tens of milliseconds. The main dissolution behavior of MBCO₂ is robust to various bubble sizes and salinity conditions, suggesting the injection conditions are less prone to drying out. Although bubble interference produces residual CO₂ with a high void ratio, the system reaches CO₂ saturation at a similar speed. The dissolved N₂ and O₂ in the liquid phase has limited effects on CO₂ dissolution. These findings suggest that MBCO₂ injection promotes rapid CO₂ dissolution and effectively increases CO₂ storage efficiency. This study provides quantitative insights into bubble dissolution considering the effects of bubble interference and dissolved gas, which are difficult to experimentally observe.

CO₂微泡（MBCO₂）注入可以扩大适用性并降低与碳捕集和封存相关的注入风险。然而，MBCO₂的溶解过程复杂，难以实验量化。采用任意拉格朗日-欧拉（ALE）方法对MBCO2的溶解进行了数值分析，通过模拟定量考察了气泡收缩、气相迁移和气泡干扰等溶解现象。在井底条件下，单个MBCO2会迅速溶解和消失。一个直径为20或50微米的MBCO₂分别在大约50或260毫秒内消失。溶解时间的差异是由于随着气泡尺寸的减小，界面表面积和单位面积的界面CO₂通量增加。此外，敏感性分析表明，CO₂在盐水中的溶解度和溶解速率略低（盐度为3.5 wt.%），溶解仍在数十毫秒内发生。MBCO₂的主要溶解行为对各种气泡大小和盐度条件都很稳定，表明注入条件不容易发生干燥。虽然气泡干涉产生的残余CO₂具有很高的空隙率，但系统以相似的速度达到CO₂饱和。液相中溶解的N2和O2对CO2溶解的影响有限。这些结果表明，注入MBCO 2可以促进CO 2的快速溶解，有效提高CO 2的储存效率。考虑到气泡干扰和溶解气体的影响，本研究为气泡溶解提供了定量的见解，这些影响很难在实验中观察到。

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引用次数: 0

What does it take for large-scale CCS projects to reach final investment decision? Evidence from Porthos in the Netherlands 大型CCS项目如何才能做出最终的投资决策？来自荷兰波托斯岛的证据

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2026.104590

Julius Wesche , Markus Steen

The Porthos project in the port of Rotterdam (Netherlands) is the EU’s first large-scale CO₂ transport and offshore storage system to reach Final Investment Decision (FID), marking a major step toward industrial decarbonization in the EU. Earlier Dutch CCS initiatives, including Barendrecht and the ROAD project, were cancelled or stalled, highlighting persistent challenges related to permitting, public acceptance, policy uncertainty, and business-case formation. This paper provides an empirical analysis of the enabling conditions that allowed Porthos to progress where earlier projects failed. The results show that four factors were decisive for advancing the project. First, a robust climate-policy framework reduced commercial and regulatory uncertainty. Second, a lean governance structure involving state-owned infrastructure firms and a limited group of industrial emitters enabled efficient coordination. Third, early identification of permitting and regulatory constraints, including the Dutch nitrogen ruling, allowed targeted government intervention to sustain project momentum. Fourth, the project benefited from cross-project learning from earlier Dutch CCS efforts, which provided technical knowledge, regulatory templates, and stakeholder-engagement experience, forming what we term project scaffolding. These findings offer practical insights for policymakers, regulators, and project developers seeking to design and support large scale CO₂ transport and storage infrastructure in Europe and beyond.

荷兰鹿特丹港的Porthos项目是欧盟第一个达到最终投资决定（FID）的大型二氧化碳运输和海上储存系统，标志着欧盟向工业脱碳迈出了重要一步。荷兰早期的CCS项目，包括Barendrecht和ROAD项目，都被取消或停滞，这凸显了与许可、公众接受、政策不确定性和商业案例形成相关的持续挑战。本文提供了一个实证分析，分析了使Porthos能够在早期项目失败的地方取得进展的有利条件。结果表明，四个因素对项目的推进起决定性作用。首先，强有力的气候政策框架减少了商业和监管方面的不确定性。其次，涉及国有基础设施公司和有限的工业排放者集团的精益治理结构使有效的协调成为可能。第三，早期识别许可和监管限制，包括荷兰的氮气裁决，允许有针对性的政府干预，以维持项目势头。第四，该项目受益于荷兰早期CCS项目的跨项目学习，后者提供了技术知识、监管模板和利益相关者参与经验，形成了我们所说的项目框架。这些发现为政策制定者、监管机构和项目开发商在欧洲及其他地区寻求设计和支持大规模二氧化碳运输和储存基础设施提供了实用的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Removal of CO from pre-combustion CO₂ rich streams using chemical looping technology 利用化学循环技术从燃烧前的富二氧化碳流中去除CO

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2026.104612

Dora-Andreea Chisăliță, Gerard Douwe Elzinga, Jurriaan Boon

Complying with CO₂ purity specifications is unavoidable for any carbon capture technology due to technical, economic, and safety requirements for transportation, storage, and utilization. The tolerated impurity levels can be stringent, leading to a significant increase in capture costs. Depending on the applied technology and the flue gas source, different impurities are present. This study focuses on pre-combustion capture CO₂ purification, in particular removing CO using chemical looping technology. Compared to existing CO removal methods, chemical looping can remove CO with reduced energy penalty while at the same time improve the CO₂ recovery and remove other impurities like H₂ and CH₄ which might be present in pre-combustion CO₂ captured stream. The feasibility of applying chemical looping for deep CO removal (<100 ppm) was first evaluated thermodynamically, considering various oxygen carriers like Ni, Cu, Mn, and Fe. Promising redox couples identified include Cu₂O/Cu and Fe₂O₃/Fe₃O₄, while nickel and manganese based oxides showed less potential. Both reduction and regeneration are exothermic, offering opportunities for heat recovery. Iron-based oxygen carriers were further evaluated experimentally, showing excellent performance and stability over ∼200 cycles at 400–550 °C for a 20wt%Fe₂O₃ impregnated on Al₂O₃ sample. Higher temperatures showed increased conversion up until 450 °C. Optimal operating temperatures should consider process design and economics, including heat integration options. CO₂ purification by chemical looping appears to be an attractive CO removal technology.

由于运输、储存和利用的技术、经济和安全要求，任何碳捕获技术都不可避免地要遵守二氧化碳纯度规范。可容忍的杂质水平可能是严格的，导致捕获成本的显着增加。根据应用技术和烟气源的不同，存在不同的杂质。本研究的重点是燃烧前捕获二氧化碳净化，特别是利用化学环技术去除CO。与现有的CO脱除方法相比，化学环法可以在减少能量损失的情况下脱除CO，同时提高CO2的回收率，去除燃烧前CO2捕获流中可能存在的其他杂质，如H2和CH4。首先对化学环法深度去除CO （100 ppm）的可行性进行了热力学评估，同时考虑了Ni、Cu、Mn和Fe等多种氧载体。有潜力的氧化还原偶包括Cu2O/Cu和Fe2O3/Fe3O4，而镍基和锰基氧化物的潜力较小。还原和再生都是放热的，为热回收提供了机会。实验进一步评估了铁基氧载体，在400-550℃下，在20wt%Fe2O3浸渍在Al2O3样品上的铁基氧载体表现出优异的性能和稳定性。温度越高，转化率越高，直至450°C。最佳工作温度应考虑工艺设计和经济性，包括热集成选项。化学环法净化CO2是一种极具吸引力的CO去除技术。

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引用次数: 0

Cyclic CO2 injection in shale reservoirs: A multiscale non-equilibrium evaluation of recovery and storage 页岩储层循环注入CO2：采收率和储量的多尺度非平衡评价

IF 5.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2026.104592

Ming Ma, Hamid Emami-Meybodi

Shale oil formations offer significant potential to supplement the CO₂ storage of saline aquifers and depleted oil/gas reservoirs. However, methods designed for conventional systems are not directly applicable to shale due to multiscale heterogeneity and ultra-low permeability. Accordingly, we propose a multiscale, multicomponent numerical model to evaluate the performance of the injection process and carbon storage capacity through cyclic CO₂ injection, explicitly accounting for non-equilibrium thermodynamics. The shale reservoir is represented as a multiscale porous medium consisting of nanopores, macropores, and micro-fractures. Distinct transport and thermodynamic models are applied within each continuum, and non-equilibrium mass transfer between continua is modeled based on the multiple interacting continua approach. Results demonstrate that using a single-scale model may lead to underestimation of the performance of the injection process and its storage potential. Cyclic CO₂ injection enables additional hydrocarbon extraction from macropores and nanopores, thereby creating more pore space for CO₂ storage than direct CO₂ injection into depleted shale reservoirs. Furthermore, CO₂ diffusion from macropores to nanopores persists for more than a century after injection. A case study of a cyclic gas injection well in the Eagle Ford Shale estimates the total CO₂ storage capacity of an individual shale oil well to be approximately 0.22 million metric tons, a value lower than those observed in shale gas reservoirs and deep saline aquifers. Nonetheless, CO₂ storage in shale oil reservoirs remains attractive due to the significant oil recovery enhancement it provides, which can help offset the capital costs of CO₂ capture, transportation, and injection infrastructure.

页岩油层为补充含盐含水层和枯竭油气储层的二氧化碳储存提供了巨大的潜力。然而，由于页岩的多尺度非均质性和超低渗透率，为常规系统设计的方法并不直接适用于页岩。因此，我们提出了一个多尺度、多分量的数值模型来评估循环CO2注入过程的性能和碳储存能力，明确考虑非平衡热力学。页岩储层是由纳米孔、大孔和微裂缝组成的多尺度多孔介质。在每个连续体中应用不同的输运和热力学模型，并基于多重相互作用连续体方法建立连续体之间的非平衡传质模型。结果表明，使用单一尺度模型可能会导致低估注射过程的性能及其储存潜力。循环注入二氧化碳可以从大孔和纳米孔中提取更多的碳氢化合物，从而比直接注入二氧化碳到枯竭的页岩储层中创造更多的孔隙空间来储存二氧化碳。此外，二氧化碳从大孔向纳米孔的扩散在注入后持续了一个多世纪。Eagle Ford页岩的一口循环注气井的案例研究估计，单口页岩油井的总二氧化碳储存量约为22万吨，低于页岩气藏和深层盐水含水层的储存量。尽管如此，页岩油储层中的二氧化碳储存仍然具有吸引力，因为它可以显著提高石油采收率，有助于抵消二氧化碳捕获、运输和注入基础设施的资本成本。

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