首页 > 最新文献

Edumatica Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika最新文献

英文 中文
Development of Interactive Learning Multimedia Based on Articulate Storyline 3 on Social Arithmetic Materials for Class VII Students of SMP Negeri 12 Merangin 基于清晰故事线3的中学七班学生社会算术教材互动学习多媒体开发
Pub Date : 2023-06-05 DOI: 10.22437/edumatica.v13i01.21564
Muhammad Jainuri, Ade Susanti, Awatif Awatif, Yohanes Yohanes
This study aims to develop interactive learning multimedia based on articulate storyline 3 on social arithmetic material for class VII students of SMP Negeri 12 Merangin which is valid, practical, and effective. This study uses research and development methods with the APPED model. These interactive learning multimedia was validated by five experts. Validity is seen from the validation sheet, the practicality of the response sheet and student interviews, and the effectiveness of learning outcomes and student learning activities. The results showed that the average score for the validation of mathematicians was 4.22 with a very valid category, Indonesian language experts 3.88 with a very valid category, media experts 4.78 with a very valid category, and teacher validation. mathematics 4.80 with a very valid category. The overall validity score is 4.58 with a very valid category. The proportion of students' responses was 82.27% in the practical category. The percentage of classical learning outcomes is 77.3% in the effective category and the average percentage of student activity is 68.64% in the active category. Based on the results of research and development, it was stated that interactive learning multimedia was valid, practical, and effective.
本研究旨在为中学七年级学生开发有效、实用、有效的社会算术教材互动学习多媒体。本研究采用ap模型的研究开发方法。这些互动学习多媒体由五位专家验证。效度体现在效度表、回答表和学生访谈的实用性、学习成果和学生学习活动的有效性等方面。结果显示,数学家的验证平均得分为4.22分(非常有效类别),印尼语专家的验证平均得分为3.88分(非常有效类别),媒体专家的验证平均得分为4.78分(非常有效类别),教师的验证平均得分为4.78分。数学4.80带一个非常有效的范畴。总体效度为4.58分,其中非常有效。学生回答实践类问题的比例为82.27%。在有效类别中,经典学习成果的百分比为77.3%,在积极类别中,学生活动的平均百分比为68.64%。基于研究和开发的结果,指出交互式多媒体学习是有效的、实用的和有效的。
{"title":"Development of Interactive Learning Multimedia Based on Articulate Storyline 3 on Social Arithmetic Materials for Class VII Students of SMP Negeri 12 Merangin","authors":"Muhammad Jainuri, Ade Susanti, Awatif Awatif, Yohanes Yohanes","doi":"10.22437/edumatica.v13i01.21564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22437/edumatica.v13i01.21564","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to develop interactive learning multimedia based on articulate storyline 3 on social arithmetic material for class VII students of SMP Negeri 12 Merangin which is valid, practical, and effective. This study uses research and development methods with the APPED model. These interactive learning multimedia was validated by five experts. Validity is seen from the validation sheet, the practicality of the response sheet and student interviews, and the effectiveness of learning outcomes and student learning activities. The results showed that the average score for the validation of mathematicians was 4.22 with a very valid category, Indonesian language experts 3.88 with a very valid category, media experts 4.78 with a very valid category, and teacher validation. mathematics 4.80 with a very valid category. The overall validity score is 4.58 with a very valid category. The proportion of students' responses was 82.27% in the practical category. The percentage of classical learning outcomes is 77.3% in the effective category and the average percentage of student activity is 68.64% in the active category. Based on the results of research and development, it was stated that interactive learning multimedia was valid, practical, and effective.","PeriodicalId":33561,"journal":{"name":"Edumatica Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika","volume":"134 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77373882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of Problem Based Learning Models Using Contextual Worksheets on Middle School Students' Mathematical Problem Solving Ability 基于问题的情境学习模式对中学生数学解题能力的影响
Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.22437/edumatica.v13i01.24387
R. Agustinsa, Vesi Anjasari, N. A. Yensy
Students need to have mathematical problem solving abilities to be able to solve complex mathematical problems. Mathematical problem solving abilities consist of understanding, planning, solving, and reviewing. These abilities can be trained through the application of appropriate learning models. One model that can be used is the problem based learning model. This study aims to determine the effect of the problem based learning model using contextual student worksheet on the mathematical problem solving ability of the junior high school students. This type of research is a quasi-experimental research with a research design of One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The population in this study were all seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 12 Lebong in the 2021/2022 academic year. The sample in this study were class VIIA students, totaling 23 students as an experimental class taken by purposive sampling technique. The instrument used in this study was a problem-solving ability test sheet in the form of description questions. Data analysis using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that there were differences in students' math solving abilities before and after learning. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that there is a significant influence on the Problem Based Learning model on mathematical problem solving in class VII students of SMP Negeri 12 Lebong.
学生需要具备数学解题能力,才能解决复杂的数学问题。解决数学问题的能力包括理解、计划、解决和回顾。这些能力可以通过应用适当的学习模式来训练。一个可以使用的模型是基于问题的学习模型。本研究旨在探讨使用情境性学生作业表的问题基础学习模式对初中生数学问题解决能力的影响。本研究为准实验研究,研究设计为一组前测后测设计。本研究的人群均为2021/2022学年的SMP Negeri 12 Lebong七年级学生。本研究的样本为VIIA班学生,共23名学生作为实验班,采用有目的抽样技术。本研究使用的工具是描述题形式的问题解决能力测试表。数据分析使用描述性和推理统计。结果表明,学生在学习前后的数学解决能力存在差异。根据研究结果,可以得出结论:问题基础学习模式对SMP Negeri 12 Lebong七年级学生数学问题解决有显著影响。
{"title":"Effect of Problem Based Learning Models Using Contextual Worksheets on Middle School Students' Mathematical Problem Solving Ability","authors":"R. Agustinsa, Vesi Anjasari, N. A. Yensy","doi":"10.22437/edumatica.v13i01.24387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22437/edumatica.v13i01.24387","url":null,"abstract":"Students need to have mathematical problem solving abilities to be able to solve complex mathematical problems. Mathematical problem solving abilities consist of understanding, planning, solving, and reviewing. These abilities can be trained through the application of appropriate learning models. One model that can be used is the problem based learning model. This study aims to determine the effect of the problem based learning model using contextual student worksheet on the mathematical problem solving ability of the junior high school students. This type of research is a quasi-experimental research with a research design of One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The population in this study were all seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 12 Lebong in the 2021/2022 academic year. The sample in this study were class VIIA students, totaling 23 students as an experimental class taken by purposive sampling technique. The instrument used in this study was a problem-solving ability test sheet in the form of description questions. Data analysis using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that there were differences in students' math solving abilities before and after learning. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that there is a significant influence on the Problem Based Learning model on mathematical problem solving in class VII students of SMP Negeri 12 Lebong.","PeriodicalId":33561,"journal":{"name":"Edumatica Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80924212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Discipline Character and Religious Character: The Effect on Students' Numerical Ability 学科品格与宗教品格:对学生数学能力的影响
Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.22437/edumatica.v13i01.23696
K. Pradana, Okis Fatimah, Yasinta Rahmawati, Pelangi Mutia Windya, Alfian Erprabowo
Numerical abilities and educational character are very important in learning mathematics at school, some of the student characters that must be considered are disciplinary and religious characters. This study aims to determine the effect of students' disciplinary and religious character on numerical ability. This study uses survey research methods with descriptive research types with survey techniques. The population used in this research is all SMP/MTs/equivalent in North Lampung for the 2020/2021 academic year. The sampling technique used in this study was the cluster random sampling technique, so that MTs Negeri 1 North Lampung and MTs Negeri 2 North Lampung were obtained as samples. Three classes were taken from each school as a sample consisting of representatives from class VII, VIII and IX. The instruments used in this study were a numerical ability test and a disciplinary character questionnaire and a religious character. Data analysis technique using Multiple Linear Regression analysis. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the influence of the disciplinary character of the religious character on students' numerical abilities was very strong, amounting to 73.6 percent. The results of the regression equation analysis show Y = 32.586 + 0.286X1 + 0.368X2. This equation shows that every 1 increase in the disciplinary character variable will affect the numerical ability variable by 0.286. Likewise, for the coefficient of the religious character variable, it will affect the numerical ability variable of 32.586.
在学校数学学习中,数学能力和教育素质是非常重要的,学生的学科素质和宗教素质是必须考虑的。本研究旨在探讨学生的学科和宗教性格对数学能力的影响。本研究采用调查研究方法与描述性研究类型与调查技术。本研究中使用的人口是2020/2021学年北楠榜的所有SMP/MTs/同等学历。本研究采用的抽样技术是整群随机抽样技术,因此获得了MTs Negeri 1 North Lampung和MTs Negeri 2 North Lampung作为样本。从每所学校抽取三个班作为样本,由七、八、九班的代表组成。本研究使用的工具是一份数字能力测验、一份学科特征问卷和一份宗教特征问卷。数据分析技术采用多元线性回归分析。根据分析结果,宗教性格的学科性格对学生的计算能力的影响非常大,达到73.6%。回归方程分析结果为Y = 32.586 + 0.286X1 + 0.368X2。由方程可知,学科特征变量每增加1,对数值能力变量的影响就增加0.286。同样,对于宗教性格变量的系数,也会影响到32.586的数值能力变量。
{"title":"Discipline Character and Religious Character: The Effect on Students' Numerical Ability","authors":"K. Pradana, Okis Fatimah, Yasinta Rahmawati, Pelangi Mutia Windya, Alfian Erprabowo","doi":"10.22437/edumatica.v13i01.23696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22437/edumatica.v13i01.23696","url":null,"abstract":"Numerical abilities and educational character are very important in learning mathematics at school, some of the student characters that must be considered are disciplinary and religious characters. This study aims to determine the effect of students' disciplinary and religious character on numerical ability. This study uses survey research methods with descriptive research types with survey techniques. The population used in this research is all SMP/MTs/equivalent in North Lampung for the 2020/2021 academic year. The sampling technique used in this study was the cluster random sampling technique, so that MTs Negeri 1 North Lampung and MTs Negeri 2 North Lampung were obtained as samples. Three classes were taken from each school as a sample consisting of representatives from class VII, VIII and IX. The instruments used in this study were a numerical ability test and a disciplinary character questionnaire and a religious character. Data analysis technique using Multiple Linear Regression analysis. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the influence of the disciplinary character of the religious character on students' numerical abilities was very strong, amounting to 73.6 percent. The results of the regression equation analysis show Y = 32.586 + 0.286X1 + 0.368X2. This equation shows that every 1 increase in the disciplinary character variable will affect the numerical ability variable by 0.286. Likewise, for the coefficient of the religious character variable, it will affect the numerical ability variable of 32.586.","PeriodicalId":33561,"journal":{"name":"Edumatica Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82856710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Penerapan Model Project Based Learning Berbasis DGMATH untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Siswa Sekolah Dasar 基于DGMATH的基于学习模式的应用,以提高小学生的学习动力
Pub Date : 2023-04-30 DOI: 10.22437/edumatica.v13i01.21622
Agus Prianggono, Dwi Ariani Finda Yuniarti, Ari Setiyani Pawening
Pembelajaran matematika pada siswa jenjang sekolah dasar merupakan pembelajaran yang penting untuk diperhatikan. Siswa jenjang sekolah dasar merupakan siswa generasi z yang sudah melek dan bersahabat erat dengan teknologi, model pembelajaran yang baik digunakan adalah model pembelajaran yang terpusat pada siswa. PBL berbasis DGMATH merupakan model pembelajaran yang terpusat pada siswa dan menggunakan suatu aplikasi DGMATH dengan pokok bahasan operasi bilangan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji efektivitas pembelajaran PBL berbasis DGMATH dan mengukur seberapa besar pengaruh motivasi belajar siswa terhadap hasil belajar dari penerapan pembelajaran PBL berbasis DGMATH ini. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif untuk menguji efektivitas dan uji regresi motivasi belajar terhadap pembelajaran PBL berbasis DGMATH dengan subjek siswa kelas satu (1) SD Islam Insan Cendekia sejumlah 60 siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa perangkat pembelajaran, soal pre test, post test dan kuesioner motivasi belajar siswa. Adapun hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa pada uji ketuntasan diperoleh hasil 82,83 pada pembelajaran PBL berbasis DGMATH dan pada uji beda rata-rata dengan nilai sig 0,015 < 0,05 yang artinya terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar yang signifikan antara kelas eksperimen dengan kelas control. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran PBL berbasis DGMATH terbukti efektif dan motivasi belajar mempunyai pengaruh yaitu sebesar 76% terhadap hasil belajarnya.
小学阶段的数学学习是一种需要关注的重要学习。小学生是具有文化和技术亲和力的z一代学生,良好的学习模式是一个以学生为中心的学习模式。基于DGMATH的PBL是一种以学生为中心的学习模式,使用带有数字操作主题的DGMATH应用程序。本研究的目的是测试基于DGMATH的PBL学习的有效性,并评估学生学习动机对基于DGMATH的PBL学习结果的影响。使用的方法是一种量化方法,以测试基于DGMATH的PBL学习动机的学习效率和回归测试,对象为一年级学生(1)伊斯兰小学(12)学者学者。用于学习工具、前测、后测和学生学习动机问卷的工具。至于获得的研究结果是,在DGMATH的PBL学习中获得了82.83的成绩,在平均水平上获得了sig 0.015 < 0.05的分数分数,这意味着实验组和控制类之间存在显著的学习成绩差异。因此,可以得出结论,基于DGMATH的PBL学习已经被证明是有效的,学习动机对他的学习结果产生了76%的影响。
{"title":"Penerapan Model Project Based Learning Berbasis DGMATH untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Siswa Sekolah Dasar","authors":"Agus Prianggono, Dwi Ariani Finda Yuniarti, Ari Setiyani Pawening","doi":"10.22437/edumatica.v13i01.21622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22437/edumatica.v13i01.21622","url":null,"abstract":"Pembelajaran matematika pada siswa jenjang sekolah dasar merupakan pembelajaran yang penting untuk diperhatikan. Siswa jenjang sekolah dasar merupakan siswa generasi z yang sudah melek dan bersahabat erat dengan teknologi, model pembelajaran yang baik digunakan adalah model pembelajaran yang terpusat pada siswa. PBL berbasis DGMATH merupakan model pembelajaran yang terpusat pada siswa dan menggunakan suatu aplikasi DGMATH dengan pokok bahasan operasi bilangan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji efektivitas pembelajaran PBL berbasis DGMATH dan mengukur seberapa besar pengaruh motivasi belajar siswa terhadap hasil belajar dari penerapan pembelajaran PBL berbasis DGMATH ini. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif untuk menguji efektivitas dan uji regresi motivasi belajar terhadap pembelajaran PBL berbasis DGMATH dengan subjek siswa kelas satu (1) SD Islam Insan Cendekia sejumlah 60 siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa perangkat pembelajaran, soal pre test, post test dan kuesioner motivasi belajar siswa. Adapun hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa pada uji ketuntasan diperoleh hasil 82,83 pada pembelajaran PBL berbasis DGMATH dan pada uji beda rata-rata dengan nilai sig 0,015 < 0,05 yang artinya terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar yang signifikan antara kelas eksperimen dengan kelas control. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran PBL berbasis DGMATH terbukti efektif dan motivasi belajar mempunyai pengaruh yaitu sebesar 76% terhadap hasil belajarnya.","PeriodicalId":33561,"journal":{"name":"Edumatica Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78233878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Kalibrasi Instrumen Literasi Matematika Siswa Menggunakan IRT dan Aplikasinya untuk Estimasi Skor 用IRT和他的应用来校准学生的数学素数仪器
Pub Date : 2023-04-30 DOI: 10.22437/edumatica.v13i01.23135
H. Susanto, Heri Retnawati
Literasi matematika merupakan salah satu komponen yang menjadi perhatian pada Assesmen Kompetensi Minimum (AKM). Kebijakan ini sebagai upaya Kemendikbud untuk mengatasi rendahnya kemampuan literasi siswa, dan faktor-faktor penyebabnya. Multistage Adaptive Test (MSAT) digunakan sebagai metode penilaian pada AKM. MSAT dikembangkan dengan konsep IRT.  Tujuan dari artikel ini yaitu mengaplikasikan Item Respons Theory (IRT) untuk kalibrasi instrumen literasi matematika, dan memanfaatkan parameter butir hasil kalibrasi untuk estimasi skor kemampuan literasi matemtika. Banyak butir pada instrumen yang digunakan yaitu 15 butir pilihan ganda. Responden yang digunakan sebanyak 65 siswa SMP kelas 8. Setelah melalui proses validtias konstruk menggunakan Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) 2 butir tidak memenuhi, karena memiliki faktor loading yang rendah dan 13 butir digunakan untuk proses kalibrasi. Proses kalibrasi butir dan penskroan dilakukan dengan program R package mirt. Hasil kalibrasi menunjukan bahwa instrumen cocok dengan model Rasch. Semua asumsi IRT unidimensi terbukti terpenuhi, sehingga tidak ada pelanggaran dalam mengestimasi parameter butir. Parameter butir berupa tingkat kesulitan dimana terdapat satu butir tidak fit yaitu butir ke-3. Perpotongan fungsi informasi dan standar error menunjukkan instrumen akan meberikan informasi yang akurat, jika digunakan siswa dengan kemampuan -2.965 sampai 1.085. Parameter butir yang dihasilakan dapat digunakan untuk estimasi skor kemampuan literasi matematika konten aljabar.
数学素养是关注最低能力评估(AKM)的一个组成部分。这项政策是司法部试图解决学生识字水平较低的问题,以及原因。用于AKM的多阶段测试(MSAT)。MSAT的发展与IRT的概念。这篇文章的目的是将理论反应项目(IRT)分配到数学素数校准仪器,并利用校准谷物参数以估计数学素数的得分。使用的仪器上有15个可供选择的项目。受访者中有65名初中生。经过对句法分析(CFA)的验证性分析过程后,2个条目不匹配,因为它有低分量因子和13个条目用于校准过程。项目和penskroan的校准过程是通过R package mirt程序进行的。校准结果表明该仪器符合Rasch模型。所有的单一维度IRT假设都被证明是完整的,因此在屏蔽粮食参数时没有入侵。项目参数的难度,其中有一项不合适,即第三项。信息和标准错误指示仪器将提供准确的信息,如果有能力的学生使用2965至1085。由此产生的谷物参数可以用来估计代数内容数学素养能力的分数。
{"title":"Kalibrasi Instrumen Literasi Matematika Siswa Menggunakan IRT dan Aplikasinya untuk Estimasi Skor","authors":"H. Susanto, Heri Retnawati","doi":"10.22437/edumatica.v13i01.23135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22437/edumatica.v13i01.23135","url":null,"abstract":"Literasi matematika merupakan salah satu komponen yang menjadi perhatian pada Assesmen Kompetensi Minimum (AKM). Kebijakan ini sebagai upaya Kemendikbud untuk mengatasi rendahnya kemampuan literasi siswa, dan faktor-faktor penyebabnya. Multistage Adaptive Test (MSAT) digunakan sebagai metode penilaian pada AKM. MSAT dikembangkan dengan konsep IRT.  Tujuan dari artikel ini yaitu mengaplikasikan Item Respons Theory (IRT) untuk kalibrasi instrumen literasi matematika, dan memanfaatkan parameter butir hasil kalibrasi untuk estimasi skor kemampuan literasi matemtika. Banyak butir pada instrumen yang digunakan yaitu 15 butir pilihan ganda. Responden yang digunakan sebanyak 65 siswa SMP kelas 8. Setelah melalui proses validtias konstruk menggunakan Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) 2 butir tidak memenuhi, karena memiliki faktor loading yang rendah dan 13 butir digunakan untuk proses kalibrasi. Proses kalibrasi butir dan penskroan dilakukan dengan program R package mirt. Hasil kalibrasi menunjukan bahwa instrumen cocok dengan model Rasch. Semua asumsi IRT unidimensi terbukti terpenuhi, sehingga tidak ada pelanggaran dalam mengestimasi parameter butir. Parameter butir berupa tingkat kesulitan dimana terdapat satu butir tidak fit yaitu butir ke-3. Perpotongan fungsi informasi dan standar error menunjukkan instrumen akan meberikan informasi yang akurat, jika digunakan siswa dengan kemampuan -2.965 sampai 1.085. Parameter butir yang dihasilakan dapat digunakan untuk estimasi skor kemampuan literasi matematika konten aljabar.","PeriodicalId":33561,"journal":{"name":"Edumatica Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78183922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Analysis of Student Learning Barriers in Fractional Multiplication: A Hermeneutics Phenomenology Study in Higher Education 分数乘法学生学习障碍分析:高等教育中的解释学现象学研究
Pub Date : 2023-04-30 DOI: 10.22437/edumatica.v13i01.24190
M. G. Isnawan, Naif Mastoor Alsulami, Muh. Rusmayadi, Samsuriadi Samsuriadi, S. Sudirman, W. N. Yanuarto
Multiplication of fractions is one of the operations on fractions that tends to be easy, but it becomes a problem for students. Only a little previous research has examined the multiplication of fractions and the factors that cause this problem at the tertiary level. This study aims to describe the factors that cause problems in terms of the types of learning barriers that students experience. The research design is hermeneutics phenomenology. The participants in this study were 15 students aged 18-25 years, 7 boys and 8 girls, 9 students majoring in natural sciences during high school, and 6 students from social studies majors. The researcher is the main instrument, with a fraction multiplication test consisting of 2 questions developed by NCTM and a semi-structured interview guide as an additional instrument. Data is processed using NVivo-12-assisted thematic analysis to simplify the coding process. The study revealed that students experienced more learning difficulties when working on non-routine fraction multiplication problems. For routine problems, students experience learning difficulties with the type of ontogenic obstacle that is psychological (not careful). For non-routine problems, students experience learning barriers with epistemological types because they rarely work on word problems, as well as ontogenic obstacles that are conceptual and psychological.
分数乘法是分数运算中比较简单的一种,但对学生来说却是一个难题。以前只有很少的研究检查了分数乘法和导致这个问题的因素在高等教育水平。本研究旨在以学生所经历的学习障碍类型来描述导致问题的因素。研究设计是解释学现象学。本研究的研究对象为15名18-25岁的学生,其中男生7名,女生8名,高中自然科学专业学生9名,社会学专业学生6名。研究者为主要工具,NCTM开发的2题分数乘法测试和半结构化访谈指南作为辅助工具。数据处理使用nvivo -12辅助的专题分析,以简化编码过程。研究表明,学生在做非常规的分数乘法题时遇到了更多的学习困难。对于常规问题,学生遇到的学习困难是心理上的个体障碍(不小心)。对于非常规问题,学生会遇到认识论类型的学习障碍,因为他们很少处理文字问题,以及概念和心理上的本体障碍。
{"title":"Analysis of Student Learning Barriers in Fractional Multiplication: A Hermeneutics Phenomenology Study in Higher Education","authors":"M. G. Isnawan, Naif Mastoor Alsulami, Muh. Rusmayadi, Samsuriadi Samsuriadi, S. Sudirman, W. N. Yanuarto","doi":"10.22437/edumatica.v13i01.24190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22437/edumatica.v13i01.24190","url":null,"abstract":"Multiplication of fractions is one of the operations on fractions that tends to be easy, but it becomes a problem for students. Only a little previous research has examined the multiplication of fractions and the factors that cause this problem at the tertiary level. This study aims to describe the factors that cause problems in terms of the types of learning barriers that students experience. The research design is hermeneutics phenomenology. The participants in this study were 15 students aged 18-25 years, 7 boys and 8 girls, 9 students majoring in natural sciences during high school, and 6 students from social studies majors. The researcher is the main instrument, with a fraction multiplication test consisting of 2 questions developed by NCTM and a semi-structured interview guide as an additional instrument. Data is processed using NVivo-12-assisted thematic analysis to simplify the coding process. The study revealed that students experienced more learning difficulties when working on non-routine fraction multiplication problems. For routine problems, students experience learning difficulties with the type of ontogenic obstacle that is psychological (not careful). For non-routine problems, students experience learning barriers with epistemological types because they rarely work on word problems, as well as ontogenic obstacles that are conceptual and psychological.","PeriodicalId":33561,"journal":{"name":"Edumatica Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85609357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of Mathematics Learning Using Learning Video Media on the Mathematical Reasoning Ability of Students 视频学习对学生数学推理能力的影响
Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.22437/edumatica.v12i03.21784
Dwi Wahyu Puji Lestari, Maya Nurlita, Veny Mustianingsi Muhlis
The formulation of the problem in this study was whether there was an effect of learning mathematics using instructional video media on the mathematical reasoning abilities of eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 2 Baubau. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of learning mathematics using instructional video media on the mathematical reasoning abilities of eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 2 Baubau. This research is quantitative research with experimental method and pretest-posttest research design. The data in this study were conducted using a research instrument in the form of an essay test given at the beginning and end of the treatment. The results of descriptive analysis of data on Class VIII students of SMP Negeri 2 Baubau, obtained in the experimental class with learning treatment using mathematics learning videos before and after giving the students' Mathematical reasoning test, the mean value was 61.42; median 60.00; mode 100; standard deviation 23.082; variance 53; minimum 20; and a maximum of 100. So based on the average results of mathematical reasoning using the t-test, it shows that learning mathematics by using learning videos has a significant positive effect on the mathematical reasoning of class VIII students of SMP Negeri 2 Baubau.
本研究问题的提法是使用教学视频媒体学习数学是否对SMP Negeri 2 Baubau八年级学生的数学推理能力有影响。摘要本研究旨在探讨教学视频媒体学习数学对中学八年级学生数学推理能力的影响。本研究为定量研究,采用实验方法和前测后测研究设计。本研究的数据是使用一种研究工具进行的,在治疗开始和结束时进行论文测试。对SMP Negeri 2 Baubau八班学生在进行数学推理测试前后使用数学学习视频进行学习处理的实验班数据进行描述性分析的结果,均值为61.42;中位数60.00;模式100;标准偏差23.082;方差53个;最低20;最多100个。因此,根据数学推理的平均结果进行t检验,表明使用学习视频学习数学对SMP Negeri 2 Baubau八班学生的数学推理有显著的正向影响。
{"title":"Effect of Mathematics Learning Using Learning Video Media on the Mathematical Reasoning Ability of Students","authors":"Dwi Wahyu Puji Lestari, Maya Nurlita, Veny Mustianingsi Muhlis","doi":"10.22437/edumatica.v12i03.21784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22437/edumatica.v12i03.21784","url":null,"abstract":"The formulation of the problem in this study was whether there was an effect of learning mathematics using instructional video media on the mathematical reasoning abilities of eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 2 Baubau. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of learning mathematics using instructional video media on the mathematical reasoning abilities of eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 2 Baubau. This research is quantitative research with experimental method and pretest-posttest research design. The data in this study were conducted using a research instrument in the form of an essay test given at the beginning and end of the treatment. The results of descriptive analysis of data on Class VIII students of SMP Negeri 2 Baubau, obtained in the experimental class with learning treatment using mathematics learning videos before and after giving the students' Mathematical reasoning test, the mean value was 61.42; median 60.00; mode 100; standard deviation 23.082; variance 53; minimum 20; and a maximum of 100. So based on the average results of mathematical reasoning using the t-test, it shows that learning mathematics by using learning videos has a significant positive effect on the mathematical reasoning of class VIII students of SMP Negeri 2 Baubau.","PeriodicalId":33561,"journal":{"name":"Edumatica Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89054555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Konsepsi Guru Matematika SMA tentang Berpikir Kreatif 高中数学老师对创造性思维的概念
Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.22437/edumatica.v12i03.22667
A. Wicaksono, Siti Khabibah, Masriyah Masriyah
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan konsepsi guru matematika SMA tentang berpikir kreatif. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini merupakan seorang guru matematika SMA di Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan hasil kuesioner terbuka sebagai data utama dan wawancara sebagai data penunjang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsepsi guru matematika tentang berpikir kreatif terbatas pada cara berpikir/ menyelesaikan suatu masalah dengan menggunakan langkah-langkah atau ide-ide baru sehingga menemukan/menghasilkan sesuatu yang baru/berbeda dari biasanya. Guru matematika kreatif digambarkan mampu memunculkan ide-ide baru, mampu membuat inovasi baru dalam pembelajaran. Guru berperan aktif dalam membimbing siswa agar mampu berpikir kreatif dengan memberikan pertanyaan-pertanyaan atau tugas pemicu matematika yang berbentuk uraian (soal terbuka) sehingga siswa dapat mengeksplor kemampuannya untuk memicu berpikir kreatifnya. Guru menilai kemampuan berpikir kreatif dengan cara memberikan soal terbuka/ tugas pemicu kemudian dianalisis langkah-langkah pengerjaannya/ hasil pekerjaannya dalam menemukan langkah-langkah/ ide-ide baru dalam proses pengerjaan.
本研究的目的是描述高中数学老师关于创造性思维的概念。所使用的研究方法是描述性质的。这项研究的对象是一名高中数学老师在日惹。这项研究使用开放的问卷调查结果作为主要数据和访谈数据支持。研究结果表明,数学老师对创造性思维的概念仅限于使用新的步骤或想法来发现/产生与平常不同的东西的方法/解决问题的方法。数学老师描述能够产生新的想法创意,能够在学习方面取得了新的创新。积极参与老师指导学生以创造性思维提供了描述形状的数学问题或任务触发(开放)的事,这样学生们就可以探索引发的思考能力。老师评判的创造性思维能力以开放的方式提供关于工作/任务触发然后分析步骤的工艺工艺过程中找到你想要的-新思想的步骤。
{"title":"Konsepsi Guru Matematika SMA tentang Berpikir Kreatif","authors":"A. Wicaksono, Siti Khabibah, Masriyah Masriyah","doi":"10.22437/edumatica.v12i03.22667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22437/edumatica.v12i03.22667","url":null,"abstract":"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan konsepsi guru matematika SMA tentang berpikir kreatif. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini merupakan seorang guru matematika SMA di Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan hasil kuesioner terbuka sebagai data utama dan wawancara sebagai data penunjang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsepsi guru matematika tentang berpikir kreatif terbatas pada cara berpikir/ menyelesaikan suatu masalah dengan menggunakan langkah-langkah atau ide-ide baru sehingga menemukan/menghasilkan sesuatu yang baru/berbeda dari biasanya. Guru matematika kreatif digambarkan mampu memunculkan ide-ide baru, mampu membuat inovasi baru dalam pembelajaran. Guru berperan aktif dalam membimbing siswa agar mampu berpikir kreatif dengan memberikan pertanyaan-pertanyaan atau tugas pemicu matematika yang berbentuk uraian (soal terbuka) sehingga siswa dapat mengeksplor kemampuannya untuk memicu berpikir kreatifnya. Guru menilai kemampuan berpikir kreatif dengan cara memberikan soal terbuka/ tugas pemicu kemudian dianalisis langkah-langkah pengerjaannya/ hasil pekerjaannya dalam menemukan langkah-langkah/ ide-ide baru dalam proses pengerjaan.","PeriodicalId":33561,"journal":{"name":"Edumatica Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88848820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pengaruh Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Matematis Peserta Didik 数学问题解决能力对学习者数学批判性思维能力的影响
Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.22437/edumatica.v12i03.19475
Ratih Dwi Anggreini, Haninda Bharata, Sri Hastuti Noer
Kemampuan pemecahan masalah dan berpikir kritis matematis harus dimiliki oleh peserta didik ketika belajar matematika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kemampuan pemecahan masalah dengan berpikir kritis matematis. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian korelasional (Correlational Desaign). Teknik pengumpulan data berupa tes pemecahan masalah matematis dan tes berpikir kritis matematis. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 56 peserta didik kelas VIII SMP Negeri 2 Bandar Lampung pada semester genap tahun pelajaran 2021/2022. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah tes pemecahan masalah matematis dan instrumen tes berpikir kritis matematis. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis Regresi Linier Sederhana. Berdasarkan hasil analisis Regresi Linier Sederhana, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa terdapat pengaruh kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis peserta didik. Besar pengaruh kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis yaitu sebesar 27%.
问题解决和数学批判性思维的能力必须由学习者在学习数学时拥有。本研究旨在通过数学批判性思维来确定问题解决能力的影响。该研究采用了相关的设计。数据收集技术是数学问题解决测试和数学批判性思维测试。本研究的样本为56名中学生,他们是二州公立中学八年级的学生,在二年级二年级二学期的最后21/2022课上。所使用的研究工具是数学问题解决测试和数学批判性思维测试仪器。所使用的数据分析技术是一个简单的线性回归分析。基于简单的线性回归分析的结果,得出的结论是,数学批判性思维能力对学习者的数学问题解决能力有影响。数学批判性思维能力对数学问题解决能力的巨大影响是27%。
{"title":"Pengaruh Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Matematis Peserta Didik","authors":"Ratih Dwi Anggreini, Haninda Bharata, Sri Hastuti Noer","doi":"10.22437/edumatica.v12i03.19475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22437/edumatica.v12i03.19475","url":null,"abstract":"Kemampuan pemecahan masalah dan berpikir kritis matematis harus dimiliki oleh peserta didik ketika belajar matematika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kemampuan pemecahan masalah dengan berpikir kritis matematis. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian korelasional (Correlational Desaign). Teknik pengumpulan data berupa tes pemecahan masalah matematis dan tes berpikir kritis matematis. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 56 peserta didik kelas VIII SMP Negeri 2 Bandar Lampung pada semester genap tahun pelajaran 2021/2022. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah tes pemecahan masalah matematis dan instrumen tes berpikir kritis matematis. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis Regresi Linier Sederhana. Berdasarkan hasil analisis Regresi Linier Sederhana, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa terdapat pengaruh kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis peserta didik. Besar pengaruh kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis yaitu sebesar 27%.","PeriodicalId":33561,"journal":{"name":"Edumatica Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85447687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Undergraduate Mathematics Education Students’ Visual Representations of Multivariable Functions 本科数学教育学生多变量函数的视觉表征
Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.22437/edumatica.v12i03.15712
Jonatan Muzangwa, U. Ogbonnaya
Representations of mathematical concepts are very important in the teaching and learning of mathematics. Visual representations are used to present mathematical concepts to solve, explore or explain the concepts. The purpose of this study was to examine undergraduate mathematics education students’ visual representations of multivariable functions using matching items tasks. The study was qualitative research conducted with 10 second-year undergraduate mathematics education students at a University in Zimbabwe. The students matched the functions of several variables which are represented in symbolic and graphic forms. The result showed that most of the students were able to match the functions with their graphical representations. However, most of the students had difficulties in communicating mathematical information and these difficulties emanate from language problems and conceptual understanding.
数学概念的表示在数学教学中是非常重要的。视觉表现是用来呈现数学概念来解决、探索或解释这些概念。摘要本研究旨在探讨数学教育本科学生对多变量函数的视觉表征。该研究是对津巴布韦一所大学数学教育二年级的10名学生进行的定性研究。学生们匹配了几个变量的函数,这些变量以符号和图形的形式表示。结果表明,大多数学生能够将这些功能与他们的图形表示相匹配。然而,大多数学生在沟通数学信息方面存在困难,这些困难源于语言问题和概念理解。
{"title":"Undergraduate Mathematics Education Students’ Visual Representations of Multivariable Functions","authors":"Jonatan Muzangwa, U. Ogbonnaya","doi":"10.22437/edumatica.v12i03.15712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22437/edumatica.v12i03.15712","url":null,"abstract":"Representations of mathematical concepts are very important in the teaching and learning of mathematics. Visual representations are used to present mathematical concepts to solve, explore or explain the concepts. The purpose of this study was to examine undergraduate mathematics education students’ visual representations of multivariable functions using matching items tasks. The study was qualitative research conducted with 10 second-year undergraduate mathematics education students at a University in Zimbabwe. The students matched the functions of several variables which are represented in symbolic and graphic forms. The result showed that most of the students were able to match the functions with their graphical representations. However, most of the students had difficulties in communicating mathematical information and these difficulties emanate from language problems and conceptual understanding.","PeriodicalId":33561,"journal":{"name":"Edumatica Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73232322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Edumatica Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1