Sports Medicine and Health Science最新文献_第3页

Within-subject time series angular velocity differences between in-game high and low velocity fastballs in college baseball pitchers 大学棒球投手在游戏中高速和低速快球的角速度差异

IF 2.3 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Sports Medicine and Health Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.10.001

Adam Nebel , Abigail Schmitt , Kevin Giordano , Gretchen Oliver

Purpose

The purpose of the current study is to investigate the within-pitcher differences in time series angular velocities of the pelvis, trunk, shoulder, and elbow for high and low velocity fastballs in college baseball pitchers.

Methods

In-game data were retrospectively analyzed from 82 NCAA Division 1 pitchers ([1.89 ± 0.06] m, [92.8 ± 9.5] kg). Kinematic data were collected using an in-game markerless motion capture system. Time series data of pelvis, trunk, shoulder, and elbow angular velocities for each pitcher's fastest and slowest fastball were extracted for the pitch cycle (foot contact to ball release) and used for analysis. Within-subject time series comparisons were conducted using statistical parametric mapping (SPM) paired samples t-tests (α = 0.012 5).

Results

Each of the tested segments were significantly faster in the fastest fastball trial compared to the slowest fastball trial. The duration of significance in reference to the pitch cycle, test statistic, and p-value, for each segment are as follows: Pelvis: 0%–4%, t = 3.54, p = 0.012; Trunk: 30%–67%, t = 5.62, p < 0.001; Shoulder External Rotation: 3%–50%, t = −6.03, p < 0.001; Shoulder Internal Rotation: 96%–100%, t = 4.11, p = 0.008; Elbow: 75%–86%, t = 4.13, p < 0.001.

Discussion

Within-subjects differences exist in time series angular velocities when comparing the fastest and slowest fastball. These time series differences provide additional information to distinguish fastball velocity beyond what discrete metrics can provide. Pitchers should look to rotate each segment faster, and optimize the sequencing of these movements, to increase pitch velocity.

目的本研究旨在探讨大学棒球投手高、低速快球在投手内骨盆、躯干、肩部、肘部时间序列角速度的差异。方法回顾性分析82名NCAA一级联赛投手（[1.89±0.06]m,[92.8±9.5]kg）的比赛数据。运动学数据是使用游戏内无标记运动捕捉系统收集的。每个投手最快和最慢快球的骨盆、躯干、肩膀和肘部角速度的时间序列数据被提取出来用于投球周期（脚接触到球释放）并用于分析。受试者内时间序列比较采用统计参数映射（SPM）配对样本t检验（α = 0.012 5）。结果最快快球组的各测试片段明显快于最慢快球组。各段相对于音高周期的显著性持续时间、检验统计量和p值分别为：骨盆：0%-4%，t = 3.54, p = 0.012；主干：30%-67%，t = 5.62, p < 0.001；肩关节外旋：3%-50%，t = - 6.03, p < 0.001；肩关节内旋：96% ~ 100%，t = 4.11, p = 0.008；弯头：75%-86%，t = 4.13, p < 0.001。讨论当比较最快和最慢的快球时，受试者内部的时间序列角速度存在差异。这些时间序列差异提供了额外的信息来区分快速球的速度，而不是离散指标所能提供的。投手应该更快地旋转每个部分，并优化这些动作的顺序，以增加投球速度。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of 8-weeks Surf Skateboard training on physical fitness in young people 8周冲浪滑板训练对青少年体能的影响

IF 2.3 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Sports Medicine and Health Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.10.004

Sangarun Kaewcham , Wannaporn Tongtako

Background

Surf skateboards have grown in popularity among young people in recent years. However, no research studies have analyzed the effect of surf skateboarding on physical fitness.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 8-week surf skateboard training on physical fitness in young adults.

Methods

Twenty-two young people, ages 18–24 years were randomly assigned into two groups: a control (CON; n = 11) and surf skateboarding (SSK; n = 11) group. The surf skateboard training group received an eight-week intervention consisting of three 60-minute (min) sessions per week, while the control group continued with their normal daily lives. Physical fitness was assessed before and after the intervention through a battery of tests that included body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength and endurance, flexibility, and balance.

Results

The results showed that the SSK group demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) improvements in maximum voluntary ventilation, back and leg strength, lower body muscular endurance by the sit-to-stand tests, and balance in all direction compared with the pre-test and the CON group. In addition, the SSK group showed significantly (p < 0.05) decreased body weight, body mass index, percent body fat, and resting heart rate, while increased maximum oxygen consumption, pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, upper body muscular endurance by the sit-up test and flexibility compared with the pre-test.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that surf skateboard training have an effective physical activity intervention to improve body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength and endurance, flexibility, and balance in young people.

近年来，冲浪滑板在年轻人中越来越受欢迎。然而，目前还没有研究分析冲浪滑板对身体健康的影响。目的探讨8周冲浪滑板训练对青少年体能的影响。方法将22名18 ~ 24岁的青少年随机分为对照组（CON, n = 11）和冲浪滑板组（SSK, n = 11）。冲浪滑板训练组接受为期八周的干预，包括每周三次60分钟的训练，而对照组继续他们的日常生活。在干预前后，通过一系列测试评估身体健康，包括身体成分、心肺健康、肌肉力量和耐力、柔韧性和平衡。结果结果显示，SSK组在最大自主通气、背部和腿部力量、坐立测试下肢肌肉耐力和各方向平衡能力方面均较前测组和CON组有显著改善（p < 0.05）。SSK组体重、体质量指数、体脂率、静息心率均显著（p < 0.05）降低，最大耗氧量、肺功能、呼吸肌力量、仰卧起坐肌肉耐力和柔韧性均显著高于前测组。结论冲浪滑板训练对改善青少年身体组成、心肺健康、肌肉力量和耐力、柔韧性和平衡性具有有效的身体活动干预作用。

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引用次数: 0

Physiological basis for recommending changes to the physical activity guidelines 建议改变体力活动指南的生理基础

IF 2.3 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Sports Medicine and Health Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2025.09.006

James S. Skinner , J. Larry Durstine

The rapid drop in mortality risk as people become more active has been known for some time. While the public health message is clear (i.e., that any physical activity [PA] is better than no PA), no acceptable explanation as to why this rapid drop in mortality occurs is available. Without an explanation, providing specific answers as to what sedentary people should do to optimize health remains difficult. Research findings from studies on exercise physiology and inactivity physiology show why a lack of understanding of the importance of regular exercise or for becoming physically active exists. These findings also show how new knowledge can modify present PA guidelines. With sedentary people, being less inactive is more critical than becoming more active. Active people can also reduce their inactivity and achieve greater health benefits. Adults doing more vigorous aerobic and strength training achieve greater health benefits. No more than two days should elapse between exercise sessions 1) to improve insulin sensitivity and improve glucose tolerance, and 2) to activate muscle enzymes such as lipoprotein lipase to reduce postprandial lipemia. Older adults should do more strength exercises to minimize the effects of aging on sarcopenia. Subjective perception of effort is an easy, useful way to prescribe exercise. Being less inactive and more active are both important lifestyle considerations, and both must be promoted to all age groups.

人们一段时间以来就知道，随着人们变得更加活跃，死亡风险会迅速下降。虽然公共卫生信息是明确的（即，任何体育活动[PA]都比没有体育活动好），但对于死亡率为何会出现这种迅速下降，没有可接受的解释。在没有解释的情况下，对于久坐不动的人应该做什么来优化健康，提供具体的答案仍然很困难。运动生理学和不活动生理学的研究结果表明，为什么人们缺乏对定期锻炼或积极锻炼的重要性的理解。这些发现也显示了新知识如何能够修改目前的PA指南。对于久坐不动的人来说，少运动比多运动更重要。积极运动的人也可以减少不运动的时间，获得更大的健康益处。成年人进行更剧烈的有氧和力量训练对健康更有好处。运动间隔不应超过两天，以提高胰岛素敏感性和葡萄糖耐量，并激活肌肉酶，如脂蛋白脂肪酶，以减少餐后脂血症。老年人应该做更多的力量锻炼，以尽量减少衰老对肌肉减少症的影响。主观感知的努力是一个简单，有效的方法来规定锻炼。少运动和多运动都是重要的生活方式考虑因素，必须在所有年龄组推广。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of exercise on the 21st century epidemic of heart failure 运动对21世纪心力衰竭流行的影响

IF 2.3 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Sports Medicine and Health Science

Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2025.07.005

Michael J. LaMonte

Heart failure (HF) poses a serious threat to public health in an aging population. HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) historically was the focus for developing prevention and management strategies, including exercise training in HFrEF patients. However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is increasingly common among older adults. There are no well-established treatment options making its primary prevention critical. This article reviews the role of exercise in the prevention and management of HF. Selected published articles informed discussion of HF etiology, evidence for the role of exercise in HF, and the biologic mechanisms linking exercise with HF development and prognosis. HF is a complex syndromic condition that manifests with severe exercise intolerance. Several causes of HF-related exercise intolerance respond to exercise training and two randomized controlled exercise interventions in HFrEF patients have demonstrated safety and efficacy for improved physical work capacity, quality of life, and mortality endpoints in medically stable HF patients. At present, only epidemiological cohort data are available for HFpEF outcomes, but the data are generally consistent in supporting lower risk of HFpEF development with levels of lifestyle physical activity meeting recommended amounts. Clinical trial evidence is needed to support this observation in HFpEF. Exercise training is established as part of guideline directed treatment of HFrEF patients. Lifestyle physical activity at guideline recommended amounts appears to be associated with lower risk of developing both HFrEF and HFpEF. There has yet to be a definitive clinical trial on exercise training and HFpEF treatment.

心衰（HF）在老龄化人口中对公众健康构成严重威胁。历来，心力衰竭伴射血分数降低（HFrEF）是制定预防和管理策略的重点，包括对HFrEF患者进行运动训练。然而，保留射血分数（HFpEF）的心衰在老年人中越来越常见。目前还没有行之有效的治疗方案，因此初级预防至关重要。本文综述了运动在心衰预防和治疗中的作用。选定的已发表的文章讨论了HF的病因，运动在HF中的作用的证据，以及运动与HF发展和预后之间的生物学机制。心衰是一种复杂的综合征，表现为严重的运动不耐受。运动训练和两种随机对照运动干预对HFrEF患者的运动训练相关的运动不耐受的几个原因已经证明，在医学上稳定的HF患者中，运动训练和两种随机对照运动干预对改善身体工作能力、生活质量和死亡率终点是安全有效的。目前，只有关于HFpEF结局的流行病学队列数据，但这些数据普遍一致地支持，如果生活方式的身体活动水平达到推荐量，那么HFpEF发生的风险就会降低。在HFpEF中需要临床试验证据来支持这一观察结果。运动训练是HFrEF患者指导治疗指南的一部分。指南推荐量的生活方式体力活动似乎与发生HFrEF和HFpEF的风险较低有关。目前还没有关于运动训练和HFpEF治疗的明确临床试验。

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引用次数: 0

Two-legged medicine: Exercise-mediated health benefits 两条腿的药：运动介导的健康益处

IF 2.3 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Sports Medicine and Health Science

Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2025.07.004

Barry A. Franklin

引用次数: 0

Exercise-induced cardioprotection: From endogenous to exogenous mechanisms 运动诱导的心脏保护：从内源性到外源性机制

IF 2.3 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Sports Medicine and Health Science

Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2025.03.009

John C. Quindry, Ronald E. Michalak

Background

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains the leading form of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, while exercise is a preventative and therapeutic countermeasure. The collective benefits of exercise on the heart are called cardioprotection. Exercise-induced cardioprotection encompasses four broad areas: 1) cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor improvement, 2) anatomical remodeling of the heart, 3) improved cardiac physiologic function, and 4) mechanisms of exercise preconditioning.

Discussion

With respect to the latter area of cardioprotection, research indicates that a few days of moderate intensity aerobic exercise preconditions the heart against cardiac dysrhythmias, ventricular pump dysfunction, and tissue death. The short duration protective timeframe, hours to days after exercise, indicates that the mechanisms are biochemical in nature. Protective mechanisms within exercised hearts include endogenous antioxidant enzymes, better regulation of cytosolic Ca²⁺, and more efficient bioenergetics. However, a formative body of work conducted over the last decade indicates that additional exogenous mechanisms may be receptor mediated, presumably providing cardioprotection via circulating factors. Preliminary findings indicate that tissue-to-tissue cross talk involves cardioprotective paracrine factors derived from muscle or autocrine factors originating from the heart itself. This protection is termed exogenous (or remote) cardiac preconditioning, and appears to include δ-opioid receptors, IL-6 receptors, and perhaps other surface receptors on exercised cardiac tissue.

Conclusion

The current review outlines existing knowledge on exercise and factors of cardiac preconditioning, and highlights the avenues for next-step scientific advances to understanding treatments against AMI.

背景急性心肌梗死（AMI）仍然是心血管疾病发病和死亡的主要形式，而运动是预防和治疗的对策。运动对心脏的整体好处被称为心脏保护。运动诱导的心脏保护包括四个广泛的领域：1)心血管疾病（CVD）危险因素改善，2)心脏解剖重塑，3)心脏生理功能改善，4)运动预处理机制。关于心脏保护的后一个领域，研究表明，几天的中等强度有氧运动可以使心脏预防心律失常、心室泵功能障碍和组织死亡。运动后几小时到几天的保护时间较短，表明其机制本质上是生化的。运动后心脏的保护机制包括内源性抗氧化酶、更好的胞质Ca2+调节和更有效的生物能量学。然而，在过去十年中进行的一项形成性的工作表明，额外的外源性机制可能是受体介导的，可能通过循环因子提供心脏保护。初步研究结果表明，组织间的串扰涉及来自肌肉的保护心脏的旁分泌因子或来自心脏本身的自分泌因子。这种保护被称为外源性（或远程）心脏预处理，似乎包括δ-阿片受体，IL-6受体，可能还有运动心脏组织上的其他表面受体。结论本综述概述了运动和心脏预适应因素的现有知识，并强调了下一步科学进展的途径，以了解AMI的治疗方法。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of amount, intensity, and mode of exercise training on the metabolic syndrome: A narrative review 运动训练的量、强度和模式对代谢综合征的影响：一项叙述性综述

IF 2.3 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Sports Medicine and Health Science

Pub Date : 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2025.03.006

Garrett A. Moseley , Katherine A. Collins-Bennett , William E. Kraus , Leanna M. Ross

Purpose

The purpose of this narrative review is to: 1) summarize findings from the three Studies of a Targeted Risk Reduction Intervention through Defined Exercise (STRRIDE) randomized trials regarding the differential effects of exercise amount, intensity, and mode on metabolic syndrome (MetS); and 2) compare the STRRIDE findings with other published randomized exercise trials related to changes in MetS.

Methods

A literature review was performed to investigate the effects of exercise on composite measures of MetS. PubMed was searched between October 2023 and December 2023. To be included in this review, studies must have employed a randomized study design, whereby exercise amount, intensity, or mode was varied.

Results

Findings from the STRRIDE trials and other randomized exercise trials suggest: 1) there is a relationship between exercise energy expenditure (ExEE) and improvements in composite measures of MetS; 2) there may be an asymptotic effect for ExEE beyond which further improvements in MetS are negligible or counterproductive; 3) improvements in composite measures of MetS are closely linked to insulin sensitivity; and 4) without controlling for total ExEE, combined aerobic and resistance training interventions offer the most robust improvements for composite MetS outcomes compared to either mode alone.

Conclusion

Additional, large-scale, randomized exercise trials should be designed to investigate the potential asymptotic effect and associated threshold for ExEE, the interaction between exercise intensity and baseline insulin sensitivity, and the independent effects of exercise mode on MetS.

目的：本综述的目的是：1)总结三项通过限定运动（STRRIDE）进行的靶向风险降低干预的随机试验的结果，研究运动量、强度和运动方式对代谢综合征（MetS）的不同影响；2)将STRRIDE研究结果与其他已发表的与MetS变化相关的随机运动试验进行比较。方法通过文献综述，探讨运动对代谢当量综合指标的影响。PubMed在2023年10月至2023年12月之间进行了搜索。要纳入本综述，研究必须采用随机研究设计，其中运动量，强度或模式是不同的。STRRIDE试验和其他随机运动试验的结果表明：1)运动能量消耗（ExEE）与代谢当量（MetS）综合指标的改善之间存在关系；2) ExEE可能存在渐近效应，超过此效应，MetS的进一步改善可以忽略不计或适得其反；3)代谢当量复合指标的改善与胰岛素敏感性密切相关；4)在不控制总ExEE的情况下，与单独的任何一种模式相比，有氧和阻力训练相结合的干预措施对复合MetS结果的改善最为显著。结论：应该设计更多的大规模随机运动试验来研究ExEE的潜在渐近效应和相关阈值，运动强度与基线胰岛素敏感性之间的相互作用，以及运动方式对MetS的独立影响。

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引用次数: 0

Health benefits of physical activity: What role does skeletal muscle-organ crosstalk play? 体育活动对健康的益处：骨骼肌器官相声扮演什么角色？

IF 2.3 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Sports Medicine and Health Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2025.02.010

Scott K. Powers , Erica Goldstein , Ronette Lategan-Potgieter , Matthew Schrager , Michele Skelton , Haydar Demirel

The observation that physical activity (PA) reduces the risk of coronary heart disease dates back more than 70 years ago and it is now established that regular PA reduces all-cause mortality, in part, by reducing the risk of numerous chronic diseases including coronary heart disease, stroke, cancer, type 2 diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease. During the past decade the increased use of activity tracking devices has significantly improved our understanding of the dose-response relationships between PA and all-cause mortality. Further, our appreciation of the impact that prolonged sitting has on all-cause mortality has increased. Moreover, new research provides key insight into the signaling mechanisms that connect PA to the reduced risk of disease in multiple organ systems. Therefore, given the recent advances in the study of PA and all-cause mortality, it is an appropriate time to review the latest evidence on this topic as well as the mechanisms responsible for the PA-induced protection against all-cause mortality. Therefore, this review will summarize recent data on the dose-response association between PA on all-cause mortality and the negative impact that sedentary behavior has on all-cause mortality. Further, we also highlight potential mechanisms linking PA with the reduced risk of developing several chronic diseases. Finally, we conclude with a brief discussion of the emerging evidence that the health benefits associated with PA are derived, in part, from skeletal muscle-organ crosstalk involving muscle produced hormones (myokines) that exert their effects in either an autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine manner.

体育活动（PA）降低冠心病风险的观察可以追溯到70多年前，现在已经确定，定期体育活动可以降低全因死亡率，部分原因是通过降低许多慢性疾病的风险，包括冠心病、中风、癌症、2型糖尿病和阿尔茨海默病。在过去的十年中，活动追踪设备的使用增加，大大提高了我们对PA和全因死亡率之间的剂量反应关系的理解。此外，我们越来越认识到久坐对全因死亡率的影响。此外，新的研究提供了将PA与多器官系统疾病风险降低联系起来的信号机制的关键见解。因此，鉴于PA和全因死亡率研究的最新进展，现在是回顾这一主题的最新证据以及PA诱导的预防全因死亡率的机制的合适时机。因此，本综述将总结最近关于PA对全因死亡率的剂量-反应关系以及久坐行为对全因死亡率的负面影响的数据。此外，我们还强调了PA与降低几种慢性疾病风险之间的潜在机制。最后，我们简要讨论了与PA相关的健康益处部分来自骨骼肌器官的相互作用，其中涉及肌肉产生的激素（肌因子），这些激素以自分泌、旁分泌或内分泌的方式发挥作用。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing fundamental movement skills using the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD): Challenges and solutions to comparability and standardization 使用粗大运动发育测试（TGMD）评估基本运动技能：可比性和标准化的挑战与解决方案

IF 2.3 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Sports Medicine and Health Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2025.02.007

Johan Y.Y. Ng, Shan Jiang, Cecilia H.S. Chan, Amy S. Ha

Proficiency in fundamental movement skills in children is linked to numerous positive physical, behavioral, and cognitive outcomes. The Test of Gross Motor Development is a widely used tool in research to measure this outcome. However, its application faces several limitations and challenges, such as subjectivity in rater judgements, limitation in data precision, and inconsistencies in score aggregations. In this commentary, we discuss these issues and explore how new technology might help address some of the challenges. Nonetheless, a consensus to how scores should be aggregated is still needed, and this could only be achieved through further discussions among researchers in the field.

儿童对基本运动技能的熟练程度与许多积极的身体、行为和认知结果有关。大肌肉运动发展测试是研究中广泛使用的测量这一结果的工具。然而，它的应用面临着一些限制和挑战，如评分判断的主观性、数据精度的局限性以及分数聚合的不一致性。在这篇评论中，我们讨论了这些问题，并探讨了新技术如何帮助解决一些挑战。尽管如此，对于如何汇总分数仍然需要达成共识，这只能通过该领域研究人员之间的进一步讨论来实现。

引用次数: 0

Episodic denervation as a driver of loss of skeletal muscle redox homeostasis and muscle weakness in sarcopenia: Possible amelioration by exercise 间歇性去神经支配作为骨骼肌氧化还原稳态丧失和肌肉无力的驱动因素：可能通过运动改善

IF 2.3 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Sports Medicine and Health Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2025.02.002

Malcolm J. Jackson

Substantial reductions in muscle motor unit numbers accompany ageing and occur in parallel the age-related changes in skeletal muscle mass and fibre number. These motor unit changes are reflected in reduced motor neuron numbers and size, axonal integrity and disrupted pre-and post-synaptic neuromuscular junctions (NMJ). Conversely, data indicate that the effects of ageing on neuromuscular transmission are relatively minor. Some authors have therefore argued that structural degeneration of motor axons and NMJ are unimportant in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia and for a non-neurogenic origin for ageing-induced muscle loss. Increased Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) activities and changes in redox status are a feature of ageing and may play a key role in muscle loss through increased mitochondrial peroxide generation. This article will review the changes in motor units and NMJ seen during ageing and develop the argument that the changes in muscle mitochondrial peroxide generation and redox status may be caused by age-related changes in neuromuscular structure, but are not directly related to neuromuscular transmission. This provides an alternative explanation on how age-related changes in neural tissue might drive skeletal muscle fibre loss and weakness. Exercise interventions are known to reduce muscle loss and weakness in the elderly, but studies of such interventions on age-related changes in motor units, motor neurons or NMJ structure and function provide conflicting data. A further aim is therefore to identify areas where there is a need for novel research to understand whether, and how, targeted or long-term exercise might influence neuromuscular changes in ageing.

肌肉运动单位数量的大量减少伴随着衰老，并与骨骼肌质量和纤维数量的年龄相关变化同时发生。这些运动单元的变化反映在运动神经元数量和大小的减少、轴突完整性和突触前和突触后神经肌肉连接（NMJ）的破坏上。相反，数据表明，衰老对神经肌肉传递的影响相对较小。因此，一些作者认为运动轴突和NMJ的结构变性在肌肉减少症的发病机制和衰老引起的肌肉损失的非神经源性起源中并不重要。活性氧（ROS）活性的增加和氧化还原状态的变化是衰老的一个特征，可能通过增加线粒体过氧化氢生成在肌肉损失中起关键作用。本文将回顾衰老过程中运动单位和NMJ的变化，并提出肌肉线粒体过氧化生成和氧化还原状态的变化可能是由神经肌肉结构的年龄相关变化引起的，但与神经肌肉传递没有直接关系。这为神经组织中与年龄相关的变化如何驱动骨骼肌纤维的损失和无力提供了另一种解释。众所周知，运动干预可以减少老年人的肌肉损失和无力，但这种干预对运动单位、运动神经元或NMJ结构和功能的年龄相关变化的研究提供了相互矛盾的数据。因此，进一步的目标是确定需要进行新颖研究的领域，以了解定向或长期运动是否以及如何影响衰老过程中神经肌肉的变化。

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引用次数: 0