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Exercise-related self-perception, physical activity and intention to in-person and virtual activities among adolescent girls 青春期女孩与运动有关的自我认知、体育锻炼以及参加亲身活动和虚拟活动的意向
IF 2.3 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.03.007
Shirko Ahmadi , Jo-Anne Gilbert , Mélysiane Marcotte , Roseane de Fátima Guimarães , Marie-Eve Mathieu
This study aimed (1) to describe the experience of adolescents and adults using FitSpirit asynchronous virtual (V) exercise videos that target adolescent girls, (2) to compare physical activity (PA) levels and exercise-related self-perception variables among groups (2019 in-person [IP], 2021 IP, and 2021 V) of adolescent girls, and (3) to assess the association between the adolescents’ PA levels and their exercise-related self-perception in response to IP (pre-pandemic and during pandemic) and V (during pandemic) FitSpirit exercise modes. Regarding the first aim, 28 adolescent girls ([15.5 ​± ​0.8] years old) and 29 adult women ([33.0 ​± ​10.3] years old) experienced the V exercise mode. For the second and third aims, 376 girls ([15.3 ​± ​1.7] years old) participated IP in 2019 (pre-pandemic), 339 girls ([14.9 ​± ​1.6] years old) participated IP in 2021 (during the pandemic), and 27 girls ([15.5 ​± ​0.8] years old) watched V FitSpirit exercise videos in 2021 (during the pandemic). Data was collected using online questionnaires. Chi-square (χ2) and Pearson tests were performed. Adults (76%) had a significantly higher intention to use FitSpirit exercise videos again than adolescents (14%) (p ​< ​0.001). For IP exercise mode, we observed significant correlations between PA levels and being proud (r ​= ​0.08, p ​= ​0.046), feeling good (r ​= ​0.14, p ​< ​0.001), and being disappointed (r ​= ​−0.12, p ​< ​0.001). For the V exercise mode, there were no significant correlations. In conclusion, better exercise-related self-perception was only correlated to PA levels when IP training was offered. These first findings support IP training for adolescent girls when the pandemic situation allows it.
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引用次数: 0
Sulforaphane, Urolithin A, and ZLN005 induce time-dependent alterations in antioxidant capacity, mitophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis in muscle cells 红景天、尿石素 A 和 ZLN005 可诱导肌肉细胞中抗氧化能力、有丝分裂和线粒体生物生成发生随时间变化的改变
IF 2.3 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.03.011
Neushaw Moradi, Sabrina Champsi, David A. Hood
Efficient signal transduction that mediates mitochondrial turnover is a strong determinant of metabolic health in skeletal muscle. Of these pathways, our focus was aimed towards the enhancement of antioxidant capacity, mitophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis. While physical activity is an excellent inducer of mitochondrial turnover, its ability to ubiquitously activate and enhance mitochondrial turnover prevents definitive differentiation of the contribution made by each pathway. Therefore, we employed three agents, Sulforaphane (SFN), Urolithin A (UroA), and ZLN005 (ZLN), which are activators of important biological markers involved in antioxidant signaling, mitophagy, and biogenesis, respectively. We investigated the time-dependent changes in proteins related to each mechanism in C2C12 myotubes. SFN treatment resulted in increased nuclear localization of the transcription factor Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf-2) after 4 ​hour (h), with subsequent 2-fold increases in the antioxidant enzymes Nicotinamide Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and Heme-Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) by 24 ​h and 48 ​h. Mitochondrial respiration and ATP production were significantly increased by both 24 h and 48 ​h. UroA showed a 2-fold increase in AMP-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) after 4 ​h, which led to a modest 30% increase in whole cell mitophagy markers p62 and LC3, after 48 ​h. This was accompanied by a reduction in cellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), detected with the CellROX Green reagent. Mitophagy flux measurements showed mitophagy activation as both LC3-II and p62 flux increased with UroA at 24-h and 48-h time points, respectively. Finally, AMPK activation was observed by 4 ​h, in addition to a 2-fold increase in Mitochondrial Transcription Factor A (TFAM) promoter activity by 24 ​h of ZLN treatment following transient transfection of a TFAM promoter-luciferase construct. Mitochondrial respiration and ATP production were enhanced by 24 ​h. Our results suggest that early time points of treatment increase upstream pathway activity, whereas later time points represent the increased phenotypic expression of related downstream markers. Our findings suggest that the spatiotemporal progression of these mechanisms following drug treatment is another important factor to consider when examining subcellular changes towards mitochondrial turnover in muscle.
介导线粒体周转的高效信号转导是骨骼肌代谢健康的重要决定因素。在这些途径中,我们的重点是提高抗氧化能力、有丝分裂吞噬和线粒体生物生成。虽然体育锻炼能很好地促进线粒体的更替,但由于体育锻炼能普遍激活和促进线粒体的更替,因此无法明确区分每种途径的贡献。因此,我们采用了三种制剂:红豆杉素(SFN)、尿磷脂 A(UroA)和 ZLN005(ZLN),它们分别是参与抗氧化信号转导、有丝分裂和生物生成的重要生物标志物的激活剂。我们研究了C2C12肌管中与每种机制相关的蛋白质随时间的变化。SFN处理导致转录因子核因子(红细胞衍生2)样2(Nrf-2)的核定位在4小时后增加,随后抗氧化酶烟酰胺醌氧化还原酶1(NQO1)和血红素氧化酶1(HO-1)在24小时和48小时后增加了2倍。线粒体呼吸和 ATP 的产生在 24 小时和 48 小时内均显著增加。4 小时后,UroA 的 AMP 激活蛋白激酶(AMPK)增加了 2 倍,这导致 48 小时后全细胞有丝分裂标志物 p62 和 LC3 略微增加了 30%。与此同时,用 CellROX Green 试剂检测到的细胞活性氧(ROS)也有所减少。有丝分裂通量的测量结果表明,在 24 小时和 48 小时的时间点,LC3-II 和 p62 通量分别随尿酸的增加而增加,这表明有丝分裂被激活。最后,除了线粒体转录因子 A (TFAM)启动子活性在 ZLN 处理 24 小时后瞬时转染 TFAM 启动子-荧光素酶构建体后增加 2 倍之外,在 4 小时前还观察到 AMPK 激活。线粒体呼吸和 ATP 的产生在 24 小时前得到增强。我们的结果表明,处理的早期时间点增加了上游途径的活性,而后期时间点则代表了相关下游标记物表型表达的增加。我们的研究结果表明,药物治疗后这些机制的时空进展是研究肌肉线粒体周转亚细胞变化时需要考虑的另一个重要因素。
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引用次数: 0
Defecation after magnesium supplementation enhances cognitive performance in triathletes 补充镁后排便可提高铁人三项运动员的认知能力
IF 2.3 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.04.001
Chen-Chan Wei , M. Brennan Harris , Mengxin Ye , Andrew Nicholls , Ahmad Alkhatib , Luthfia Dewi , Chih-Yang Huang , Chia-Hua Kuo
Constipation is correlated with diminished cognitive function, revealing a possible rectum-brain connection. In this counter-balanced crossover trial, 13 elite triathletes underwent a Stroop test to assess cognitive function and executive control. The Stroop test was conducted both with and without magnesium oxide intake, with a 1-week washout period between sessions. Oxygenation and blood distribution during the cognitive challenge were measured using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS). Measurements were taken in both the prefrontal brain and the sub-navel region, where the highest glucose uptake was detected under the 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan. A significant reduction in completion time for the Stroop test was observed after defecation compared to the non-defecated condition (non-defecation: [27.1 ​± ​1.1] s; non-magnesium defecation: [24.4 ​± ​0.9] s; magnesium defecation: [23.4 ​± ​0.8] s, p ​< ​0.05). Stroop test performance was improved in all (100%, 13/13) of the participants after magnesium-induced defecation and most (69%, 9/13) of the participants after non-magnesium-induced defecation. While no alterations in oxygenation and blood distribution were observed in the prefrontal brain during the Stroop test, decreased oxygenation levels were observed in the sub-navel region under both defecated conditions, without significant changes in blood distribution (p ​< ​0.05). This data suggests an acute increase in oxygen consumption at this specific region. The result of this study suggests an unexplored causal link between the state of the rectum and cognitive performance. Magnesium supplementation to improved rectal emptying presents a novel application for optimizing cognitive function in athletes navigating intricate racing conditions.
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引用次数: 0
The effect of incline walking on lower extremity and trunk mechanics in older adults 倾斜行走对老年人下肢和躯干力学的影响
IF 2.3 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-03-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.03.010
Seth Higgins , D. Clark Dickin , Dorice Hankemeier , Meredith D. Wells , He Wang
Older adults are at an increased risk of developing knee osteoarthritis. High internal knee abduction moment during daily activities may elevate the risk of knee osteoarthritis. Incline walking exercise has been found to decrease knee abduction moment in healthy young adults. However, it is unknown if this occurs in healthy older adults. The purpose of this study was to quantify the internal knee abduction moment at different treadmill grades to determine if incline walking could reduce the knee abduction moment in healthy older adults. Twelve healthy older adult males walked on a treadmill at five incline grades (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) at 1.34 ​m⋅s-1. The primary outcome variable was the internal knee abduction moment. A one-way repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance was performed to determine differences in the dependent variables among incline gradients. Peak knee abduction moment significantly decreased from level walking at all gradients in 10% increments (0%–10%, p ​< ​0.001; 5%–15%, p ​< ​0.002; and 10%–20%, p ​= ​0.04). A reduction in knee abduction moment during incline walking could result in decreased knee joint loading on the medial knee compartment. For older adults, who are looking to exercise to improve their health, incline walking may be beneficial to promote lower body strength and cardiovascular ability without inflicting further harm to the aging knee joints. However, because the frontal plane knee joint was of primary interest in this study, further research is needed to determine the effects of incline walking on other joints and in other planes of motion.
老年人患膝关节骨性关节炎的风险增加。在日常活动中,膝关节内收力矩过大可能会增加患膝关节骨性关节炎的风险。研究发现,斜走运动可降低健康年轻人的膝关节内收力矩。然而,这种情况是否会发生在健康的老年人身上还不得而知。本研究的目的是量化不同跑步机坡度下的膝关节内收力矩,以确定倾斜行走是否能减少健康老年人的膝关节内收力矩。12 名健康的老年男性在五种坡度(0%、5%、10%、15% 和 20%)的跑步机上以 1.34 m⋅s-1 的速度行走。主要结果变量是膝关节内收力矩。为了确定不同坡度因变量之间的差异,进行了单向重复测量多变量方差分析。在所有坡度上,膝关节外展力矩峰值与平地行走相比均以 10%的增量显著下降(0%-10%,p <0.001;5%-15%,p <0.002;10%-20%,p = 0.04)。倾斜行走时膝关节外展力矩的减少可能会降低膝关节内侧的负荷。对于希望通过锻炼来改善健康状况的老年人来说,斜走可能有利于增强下半身力量和心血管能力,同时又不会对老化的膝关节造成进一步伤害。不过,由于本研究主要关注的是膝关节的正面平面,因此还需要进一步的研究来确定斜走对其他关节和其他运动平面的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Cardiovascular abnormalities of long-COVID syndrome: Pathogenic basis and potential strategy for treatment and rehabilitation 长COVID综合征的心血管异常:致病基础以及治疗和康复的潜在策略
IF 2.3 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-03-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.03.009

Cardiac injury and sustained cardiovascular abnormalities in long-COVID syndrome, i.e. post-acute sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have emerged as a debilitating health burden that has posed challenges for management of pre-existing cardiovascular conditions and other associated chronic comorbidities in the most vulnerable group of patients recovered from acute COVID-19. A clear and evidence-based guideline for treating cardiac issues of long-COVID syndrome is still lacking. In this review, we have summarized the common cardiac symptoms reported in the months after acute COVID-19 illness and further evaluated the possible pathogenic factors underlying the pathophysiology process of long-COVID. The mechanistic understanding of how Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) damages the heart and vasculatures is critical in developing targeted therapy and preventive measures for limiting the viral attacks. Despite the currently available therapeutic interventions, a considerable portion of patients recovered from severe COVID-19 have reported a reduced functional reserve due to deconditioning. Therefore, a rigorous and comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation program with individualized exercise protocols would be instrumental for the patients with long-COVID to regain the physical fitness levels comparable to their pre-illness baseline.

长期冠状病毒综合征(即 2019 年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)急性后遗症)中的心脏损伤和持续性心血管异常已成为一种令人衰弱的健康负担,对从急性 COVID-19 中康复的最脆弱患者群体原有的心血管疾病和其他相关慢性合并症的管理构成了挑战。目前仍缺乏明确的循证指南来治疗长期 COVID 综合征的心脏问题。在这篇综述中,我们总结了急性 COVID-19 病后数月内报告的常见心脏症状,并进一步评估了长 COVID 病理生理过程中可能的致病因素。从机理上了解严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2(SARS-CoV-2)如何损害心脏和血管,对于开发限制病毒发作的靶向治疗和预防措施至关重要。尽管目前已有治疗干预措施,但相当一部分从严重的 COVID-19 中康复的患者都报告说,由于身体机能下降,他们的功能储备也随之降低。因此,严格而全面的心脏康复计划以及个性化的锻炼方案将有助于长期COVID患者恢复与病前基线相当的体能水平。
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引用次数: 0
Incidence of respiratory infections and SARS-CoV-2 is higher during contact phases in student rugby players – Lessons learnt from COVID-19 risk mitigation strategies–AWARE V 学生橄榄球运动员在接触阶段呼吸道感染和 SARS-CoV-2 的发病率较高--从 COVID-19 风险缓解策略中汲取的经验教训--AWARE V
IF 2.3 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-03-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.03.005

The incidence of acute respiratory infections (ARinf), including SARS-CoV-2, in unvaccinated student rugby players during phases from complete lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic to returning to competition is unknown. The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of ARinf (including SARS-CoV-2) during non-contact and contact phases during the COVID-19 pandemic to evaluate risk mitigation strategies. In this retrospective cohort study, 319 top tier rugby players from 17 universities completed an online questionnaire. ARinf was reported during 4 phases over 14 months (April 2020–May 2021): phase 1 (individual training), phase 2 (non-contact team training), phase 3 (contact team training) and phase 4 (competition). Incidence (per 1 000 player days) and Incidence Ratio (IR) for ‘All ARinf’, and subgroups (SARS-CoV-2; ‘Other ARinf’) are reported. Selected factors associated with ARinf were also explored. The incidence of ‘All ARinf’ (0.31) was significantly higher for SARS-CoV-2 (0.23) vs. ‘Other ARinf’ (0.08) (p ​< ​0.01). The incidence of ‘All ARinf’ (IR ​= ​3.6; p ​< ​0.01) and SARS-CoV-2 (IR ​= ​4.2; p ​< ​0.01) infection was significantly higher during contact (phases 3 ​+ ​4) compared with non-contact (phases 1 ​+ ​2). Demographics, level of sport, co-morbidities, allergies, influenza vaccination, injuries and lifestyle habits were not associated with ARinf incidence. In student rugby, contact phases are associated with a 3–4 times higher incidence of ARinf/SARS-CoV-2 compared to non-contact phases. Infection risk mitigation strategies in the contact sport setting are important. Data from this study serve as a platform to which future research on incidence of ARinf in athletes within contact team sports, can be compared.

在 COVID-19 大流行期间,未接种疫苗的学生橄榄球运动员从完全封闭到重返赛场的各阶段中急性呼吸道感染 (ARinf) (包括 SARS-CoV-2)的发病率尚不清楚。本研究旨在确定 COVID-19 大流行期间非接触和接触阶段的 ARinf(包括 SARS-CoV-2)发病率,以评估风险缓解策略。在这项回顾性队列研究中,来自 17 所大学的 319 名顶级橄榄球运动员填写了一份在线问卷。在 14 个月(2020 年 4 月至 2021 年 5 月)的 4 个阶段中报告了 ARinf:第 1 阶段(个人训练)、第 2 阶段(非接触式团队训练)、第 3 阶段(接触式团队训练)和第 4 阶段(比赛)。报告了 "所有 ARinf "和分组(SARS-CoV-2;"其他 ARinf")的发病率(每千个球员日)和发病率比(IR)。此外,还探讨了与 ARinf 相关的一些因素。所有 ARinf "的发病率(0.31)明显高于 SARS-CoV-2 的发病率(0.23)和 "其他 ARinf "的发病率(0.08)(p < 0.01)。所有 ARinf"(IR = 3.6;p <;0.01)和 SARS-CoV-2 (IR = 4.2;p <;0.01)的感染率在接触期间(第 3+4 阶段)明显高于非接触期间(第 1+2 阶段)。人口统计学、运动水平、合并疾病、过敏症、流感疫苗接种、受伤和生活习惯与 ARinf 发病率无关。在学生橄榄球运动中,与非接触阶段相比,接触阶段的 ARinf/SARS-CoV-2 发病率要高出 3-4 倍。在接触性运动环境中降低感染风险的策略非常重要。本研究的数据可作为未来研究接触性团队运动中运动员 ARinf 发病率的平台。
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引用次数: 0
The missing hydrogen ion, Part-3: Science and the human flaws that compromise it 缺失的氢离子,第三部分:科学与损害科学的人性缺陷
Q2 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-03-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.03.008
Robert Robergs, Bridgette O'Malley, Sam Torrens

The purpose of this research was to use a historical method and core principles from scientific philosophy to explain why mistakes were made in the development of the lactic acidosis construct. On a broader scope, this research explains what science is, why some scientists despite good intention, often get it wrong, and why it takes so long (decades) to correct these errors. Science is a human behaviour that consists of the identification of a problem based on the correct application of prior knowledge, the development of a method to best resolve or test the problem, completion of these methods to acquire results, and then a correct interpretation of the results. If these steps are done correctly there is an increased probability (no guarantee) that the outcome is likely to be correct. Thomas Kuhn proposed that you can understand what science is from how it has been performed, and from his essays he revealed a very dysfunctional form of science that he called ‘normal’ (due the preponderance of its presence) science. Conversely, Karl Popper was adamant that the practice of ‘normal’ science revealed numerous flaws that deviate from fundamental principles that makes science, science. Collectively, the evidence reveals that within the sports medicine and health sciences, as with all disciplines, errors in science are more frequent than you might expect. There is an urgent need to improve how we educate and train scientists to prevent the pursuit of ‘normal’ science and the harm it imparts on humanity.

这项研究的目的是利用历史方法和科学哲学的核心原则来解释为什么在乳酸酸中毒理论的发展过程中会出现错误。在更广的范围内,本研究解释了什么是科学,为什么一些科学家尽管用心良苦,却经常会出错,以及为什么要花费如此长的时间(几十年)才能纠正这些错误。科学是人类的一种行为,包括在正确运用已有知识的基础上发现问题,制定最有效地解决问题或测试问题的方法,完成这些方法以获得结果,然后对结果做出正确的解释。如果这些步骤做得正确,结果正确的可能性就会增加(但不能保证)。托马斯-库恩(Thomas Kuhn)提出,你可以从科学是如何进行的来理解什么是科学,他从自己的文章中揭示了一种非常不正常的科学形式,他称之为 "正常 "科学(由于其存在的普遍性)。与此相反,卡尔-波普尔则坚持认为,"正常 "科学的实践暴露出许多缺陷,这些缺陷偏离了科学之所以为科学的基本原则。总之,证据显示,在运动医学和健康科学领域,与所有学科一样,科学中的错误比你想象的要频繁得多。我们迫切需要改进对科学家的教育和培训方式,以防止对 "正常 "科学的追求及其对人类的危害。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the role of adipokines in exercise-induced inhibition of tumor growth 探索脂肪因子在运动诱导的肿瘤生长抑制中的作用。
IF 2.3 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.03.006
Yu Qian , Zhenglong Bu , Yang Qin , Shiyuan Qian , Lu Qin , Siqi Zhou , Qingda Wang , Longjun Xian , Lei Hu , Yimei Xiong , Yingying Zhang , Chun Wang
The integration of exercise prescriptions into cancer adjuvant therapy presents challenges stemming from the ambiguity surrounding the precise mechanism through which exercise intervention mitigates the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) mortality and recurrence. Elucidation of this specific mechanism has substantial social and clinical implications. In this study, tumor-bearing mice engaged in voluntary wheel running exhibited a notable decrease in tumor growth, exceeding 30%. Microarray analysis revealed an upregulation of cytokine-related pathways as a potential explanation for this effect. The inclusion of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was found to enhance tumor cell proliferation, while the absence of GM-CSF resulted in a marked inhibition of tumor cell growth. The findings suggest that exercise-induced serum from mice can impede the proliferation of mouse tumor cells, with the adipokine chemerin inhibiting the growth factor GM-CSF. Additionally, exercise was found to stimulate chemerin secretion by brown adipose tissue. Chemerin suppression led to a reduction in the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. The results of this study suggest that exercise may stimulate the release of adipokines from brown adipose tissue, transport them through the blood to the distant tumor microenvironment, and downregulate GM-CSF expression, alleviating tumor immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment, thereby inhibiting at HCC progression. These findings provide a theoretical basis for incorporating exercise prescription into cancer treatment.
将运动处方整合到癌症辅助治疗中,由于运动干预降低肝细胞癌(HCC)死亡和复发风险的确切机制尚不明确,因此提出了挑战。阐明这一特殊机制具有重大的社会和临床意义。在本研究中,荷瘤小鼠进行自主跑轮运动后,肿瘤生长明显下降,降幅超过30%。微阵列分析显示,细胞因子相关通路的上调可能解释了这种效应。研究发现,含粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)可增强肿瘤细胞的增殖,而不含GM-CSF则可显著抑制肿瘤细胞的生长。研究结果表明,运动诱导的小鼠血清可以抑制小鼠肿瘤细胞的增殖,脂肪因子趋化素抑制生长因子GM-CSF。此外,运动被发现可以刺激棕色脂肪组织分泌趋化素。趋化素抑制导致肿瘤细胞增殖抑制的减弱。本研究结果提示,运动可刺激棕色脂肪组织释放脂肪因子,经血液转运至远处肿瘤微环境,下调GM-CSF表达,减轻肿瘤微环境中的肿瘤免疫抑制,从而抑制HCC进展。这些发现为将运动处方纳入癌症治疗提供了理论基础。
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引用次数: 0
Myocarditis – A silent killer in athletes: Comparative analysis on the evidence before and after COVID-19 pandemic 心肌炎--运动员的隐形杀手:COVID-19 大流行前后的证据对比分析
IF 2.3 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-03-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.03.003

Myocarditis is a rare cardiomyocyte inflammatory process, typically caused by viruses, with potentially devastating cardiac sequalae in both competitive athletes and in the general population. Investigation into myocarditis prevalence in the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) era suggests that infection with Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is an independent risk factor for myocarditis, which is confirmed mainly through cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. Recent studies indicated that athletes have a decreased risk of myocarditis after recent COVID-19 infection compared to the general population. However, given the unique nature of competitive athletics with their frequent participation in high-intensity exercise, athletes possess distinct factors of susceptibility for the development of myocarditis and its subsequent severe cardiac complications (e.g., sudden cardiac death, fulminant heart failure, etc.). Under this context, this review focuses on comparing myocarditis in athletes versus non-athletes, owing special attention to the distinct clinical presentations and outcomes of myocarditis caused by different viral pathogens such as cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus-6, human immunodeficiency virus, and Parvovirus B19, both before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, as compared with SARS-CoV-2. By illustrating distinct clinical presentations and outcomes of myocarditis in athletes versus non-athletes, we also highlight the critical importance of early detection, vigilant monitoring, and effective management of viral and non-viral myocarditis in athletes and the necessity for further optimization of the return-to-play guidelines for athletes in the COVID-19 era, in order to minimize the risks for the rare but devastating cardiac fatality.

心肌炎是一种罕见的心肌细胞炎症过程,通常由病毒引起,对竞技运动员和普通人群都有潜在的破坏性心脏后遗症。对 2019 年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)流行情况的调查表明,感染严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)是心肌炎的独立危险因素,这主要通过心血管磁共振成像得到证实。最近的研究表明,与普通人群相比,运动员近期感染 COVID-19 后患心肌炎的风险降低。然而,由于竞技体育的特殊性,运动员经常参加高强度运动,因此他们对心肌炎及其随后的严重心脏并发症(如心脏性猝死、暴发性心力衰竭等)具有独特的易感因素。在此背景下,本综述侧重于比较运动员与非运动员的心肌炎情况,特别关注不同病毒病原体(如巨细胞病毒、爱泼斯坦-巴氏病毒、人类疱疹病毒-6、人类免疫缺陷病毒和副病毒 B19)引起的心肌炎在 COVID-19 大流行前后与 SARS-CoV-2 相比的不同临床表现和结果。通过说明运动员与非运动员心肌炎不同的临床表现和结果,我们还强调了早期发现、警惕监测和有效管理运动员病毒性和非病毒性心肌炎的极端重要性,以及在 COVID-19 时代进一步优化运动员重返赛场指南的必要性,以最大限度地降低罕见但具有破坏性的心脏致死风险。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring urban-rural differences in 24-h movement behaviours among tunisian preschoolers: Insights from the SUNRISE study 探索突尼斯学龄前儿童 24 小时运动行为的城乡差异:阳光研究的启示
IF 2.3 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.03.004
Mohamed Amine Ltifi , Olfa Turki , Ghaith Ben-Bouzaiene , Kar Hau Chong , Anthony D. Okely , Mohamed Souhaiel Chelly
Little is known about differences in physical activity among children from urban and rural areas in low-to middle-income countries and some previous investigations revealed disparities in physical activity levels among children and adolescents residing in urban and rural environments. We aimed to: (i) assess the proportion of preschool-aged children (3.0–4.9 years) meeting the global movement guidelines, (ii) evaluate the feasibility of the methods for the SUNRISE study, (iii) examine gender- and urban-rural differences in health and behavior outcomes. Urban and rural location was based on national classifications. Physical activity (waist-worn ActiGraph); sleep duration, screen time and movement behaviors; Gross and fine motor skills (Lower body strength and mobility, Supine-Timed up and go [S-TUG], One-leg standing balance test, hand grip dynamometer, 9-hole peg-board test); and executive functions (visual-spatial working memory and inhibition) were assessed in 112 preschoolers (n ​= ​50 boys, 33 urban), (n ​= ​62 girls, 41 urban). The results showed that only 18% of children met all movement guidelines, with 53% and 41% meeting the recommendations for sedentary screen time and total physical activity, respectively. A large proportion of children (81%) met the recommended sleep duration of 10–13 ​hours (h) per day. There is a clear need to promote healthy movement behaviours among preschool-aged children through targeted interventions that address their unique challenges related to gender and urban/rural residence.
人们对中低收入国家城市和农村地区儿童体育锻炼的差异知之甚少,之前的一些调查显示,居住在城市和农村环境中的儿童和青少年的体育锻炼水平存在差异。我们的目标是(我们的目的是:(i) 评估符合全球运动指南的学龄前儿童(3.0-4.9 岁)的比例,(ii) 评估 SUNRISE 研究方法的可行性,(iii) 检查健康和行为结果的性别差异和城乡差异。城市和农村地区是根据国家分类确定的。对 112 名学龄前儿童(男童 50 人,城市 33 人)和(女童 62 人,城市 41 人)的体力活动(腰部佩戴的 ActiGraph)、睡眠时间、屏幕时间和运动行为、粗大和精细运动技能(下半身力量和移动能力、仰卧起坐计时、单腿站立平衡测试、手握测力计、9 孔钉板测试)以及执行功能(视觉空间工作记忆和抑制)进行了评估。结果显示,只有 18% 的儿童达到了所有运动指南的要求,其中 53% 和 41% 的儿童分别达到了久坐屏幕时间和总运动量的建议要求。大部分儿童(81%)达到了每天 10-13 小时的建议睡眠时间。显然,有必要通过有针对性的干预措施来促进学龄前儿童的健康运动行为,以应对他们在性别和城乡居住地方面的独特挑战。
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Sports Medicine and Health Science
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