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Sulforaphane, Urolithin A, and ZLN005 induce time-dependent alterations in antioxidant capacity, mitophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis in muscle cells 红景天、尿石素 A 和 ZLN005 可诱导肌肉细胞中抗氧化能力、有丝分裂和线粒体生物生成发生随时间变化的改变
Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.03.011
Neushaw Moradi, Sabrina Champsi, David A. Hood
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating a 14-week neck strengthening protocol for neuromuscular indicators associated with head and neck trauma 评估针对头颈部创伤相关神经肌肉指标的 14 周颈部强化方案
Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.04.002
Lindsey Schroeder, Margaret C. Tyndall, A. T. McDaniel, Yishi Wang, Jennifer L. Kale
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引用次数: 0
Exercise-related self-perception, physical activity and intention to in-person and virtual activities among adolescent girls 青春期女孩与运动有关的自我认知、体育锻炼以及参加亲身活动和虚拟活动的意向
Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.03.007
Shirko Ahmadi, Jo‐Anne Gilbert, Mélysiane Marcotte, Roseane de Fátima Guimarães, Marie-Eve Mathieu
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引用次数: 0
Defecation after magnesium supplementation enhances cognitive performance in triathletes 补充镁后排便可提高铁人三项运动员的认知能力
Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.04.001
Chen-Chan Wei, M. B. Harris, Mengxin Ye, Andrew Nicholls, Ahmad Alkhatib, Luthfia Dewi, C. Huang, Chia-Hua Kuo
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引用次数: 0
Cardiovascular abnormalities of long-COVID syndrome: Pathogenic basis and potential strategy for treatment and rehabilitation 长COVID综合征的心血管异常:致病基础以及治疗和康复的潜在策略
IF 2.3 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-03-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.03.009

Cardiac injury and sustained cardiovascular abnormalities in long-COVID syndrome, i.e. post-acute sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have emerged as a debilitating health burden that has posed challenges for management of pre-existing cardiovascular conditions and other associated chronic comorbidities in the most vulnerable group of patients recovered from acute COVID-19. A clear and evidence-based guideline for treating cardiac issues of long-COVID syndrome is still lacking. In this review, we have summarized the common cardiac symptoms reported in the months after acute COVID-19 illness and further evaluated the possible pathogenic factors underlying the pathophysiology process of long-COVID. The mechanistic understanding of how Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) damages the heart and vasculatures is critical in developing targeted therapy and preventive measures for limiting the viral attacks. Despite the currently available therapeutic interventions, a considerable portion of patients recovered from severe COVID-19 have reported a reduced functional reserve due to deconditioning. Therefore, a rigorous and comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation program with individualized exercise protocols would be instrumental for the patients with long-COVID to regain the physical fitness levels comparable to their pre-illness baseline.

长期冠状病毒综合征(即 2019 年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)急性后遗症)中的心脏损伤和持续性心血管异常已成为一种令人衰弱的健康负担,对从急性 COVID-19 中康复的最脆弱患者群体原有的心血管疾病和其他相关慢性合并症的管理构成了挑战。目前仍缺乏明确的循证指南来治疗长期 COVID 综合征的心脏问题。在这篇综述中,我们总结了急性 COVID-19 病后数月内报告的常见心脏症状,并进一步评估了长 COVID 病理生理过程中可能的致病因素。从机理上了解严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2(SARS-CoV-2)如何损害心脏和血管,对于开发限制病毒发作的靶向治疗和预防措施至关重要。尽管目前已有治疗干预措施,但相当一部分从严重的 COVID-19 中康复的患者都报告说,由于身体机能下降,他们的功能储备也随之降低。因此,严格而全面的心脏康复计划以及个性化的锻炼方案将有助于长期COVID患者恢复与病前基线相当的体能水平。
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引用次数: 0
Incidence of respiratory infections and SARS-CoV-2 is higher during contact phases in student rugby players – Lessons learnt from COVID-19 risk mitigation strategies–AWARE V 学生橄榄球运动员在接触阶段呼吸道感染和 SARS-CoV-2 的发病率较高--从 COVID-19 风险缓解策略中汲取的经验教训--AWARE V
IF 2.3 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-03-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.03.005

The incidence of acute respiratory infections (ARinf), including SARS-CoV-2, in unvaccinated student rugby players during phases from complete lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic to returning to competition is unknown. The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of ARinf (including SARS-CoV-2) during non-contact and contact phases during the COVID-19 pandemic to evaluate risk mitigation strategies. In this retrospective cohort study, 319 top tier rugby players from 17 universities completed an online questionnaire. ARinf was reported during 4 phases over 14 months (April 2020–May 2021): phase 1 (individual training), phase 2 (non-contact team training), phase 3 (contact team training) and phase 4 (competition). Incidence (per 1 000 player days) and Incidence Ratio (IR) for ‘All ARinf’, and subgroups (SARS-CoV-2; ‘Other ARinf’) are reported. Selected factors associated with ARinf were also explored. The incidence of ‘All ARinf’ (0.31) was significantly higher for SARS-CoV-2 (0.23) vs. ‘Other ARinf’ (0.08) (p ​< ​0.01). The incidence of ‘All ARinf’ (IR ​= ​3.6; p ​< ​0.01) and SARS-CoV-2 (IR ​= ​4.2; p ​< ​0.01) infection was significantly higher during contact (phases 3 ​+ ​4) compared with non-contact (phases 1 ​+ ​2). Demographics, level of sport, co-morbidities, allergies, influenza vaccination, injuries and lifestyle habits were not associated with ARinf incidence. In student rugby, contact phases are associated with a 3–4 times higher incidence of ARinf/SARS-CoV-2 compared to non-contact phases. Infection risk mitigation strategies in the contact sport setting are important. Data from this study serve as a platform to which future research on incidence of ARinf in athletes within contact team sports, can be compared.

在 COVID-19 大流行期间,未接种疫苗的学生橄榄球运动员从完全封闭到重返赛场的各阶段中急性呼吸道感染 (ARinf) (包括 SARS-CoV-2)的发病率尚不清楚。本研究旨在确定 COVID-19 大流行期间非接触和接触阶段的 ARinf(包括 SARS-CoV-2)发病率,以评估风险缓解策略。在这项回顾性队列研究中,来自 17 所大学的 319 名顶级橄榄球运动员填写了一份在线问卷。在 14 个月(2020 年 4 月至 2021 年 5 月)的 4 个阶段中报告了 ARinf:第 1 阶段(个人训练)、第 2 阶段(非接触式团队训练)、第 3 阶段(接触式团队训练)和第 4 阶段(比赛)。报告了 "所有 ARinf "和分组(SARS-CoV-2;"其他 ARinf")的发病率(每千个球员日)和发病率比(IR)。此外,还探讨了与 ARinf 相关的一些因素。所有 ARinf "的发病率(0.31)明显高于 SARS-CoV-2 的发病率(0.23)和 "其他 ARinf "的发病率(0.08)(p < 0.01)。所有 ARinf"(IR = 3.6;p <;0.01)和 SARS-CoV-2 (IR = 4.2;p <;0.01)的感染率在接触期间(第 3+4 阶段)明显高于非接触期间(第 1+2 阶段)。人口统计学、运动水平、合并疾病、过敏症、流感疫苗接种、受伤和生活习惯与 ARinf 发病率无关。在学生橄榄球运动中,与非接触阶段相比,接触阶段的 ARinf/SARS-CoV-2 发病率要高出 3-4 倍。在接触性运动环境中降低感染风险的策略非常重要。本研究的数据可作为未来研究接触性团队运动中运动员 ARinf 发病率的平台。
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引用次数: 0
The missing hydrogen ion, Part-3: Science and the human flaws that compromise it 缺失的氢离子,第三部分:科学与损害科学的人性缺陷
Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-03-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.03.008
Robert Robergs, Bridgette O'Malley, Sam Torrens

The purpose of this research was to use a historical method and core principles from scientific philosophy to explain why mistakes were made in the development of the lactic acidosis construct. On a broader scope, this research explains what science is, why some scientists despite good intention, often get it wrong, and why it takes so long (decades) to correct these errors. Science is a human behaviour that consists of the identification of a problem based on the correct application of prior knowledge, the development of a method to best resolve or test the problem, completion of these methods to acquire results, and then a correct interpretation of the results. If these steps are done correctly there is an increased probability (no guarantee) that the outcome is likely to be correct. Thomas Kuhn proposed that you can understand what science is from how it has been performed, and from his essays he revealed a very dysfunctional form of science that he called ‘normal’ (due the preponderance of its presence) science. Conversely, Karl Popper was adamant that the practice of ‘normal’ science revealed numerous flaws that deviate from fundamental principles that makes science, science. Collectively, the evidence reveals that within the sports medicine and health sciences, as with all disciplines, errors in science are more frequent than you might expect. There is an urgent need to improve how we educate and train scientists to prevent the pursuit of ‘normal’ science and the harm it imparts on humanity.

这项研究的目的是利用历史方法和科学哲学的核心原则来解释为什么在乳酸酸中毒理论的发展过程中会出现错误。在更广的范围内,本研究解释了什么是科学,为什么一些科学家尽管用心良苦,却经常会出错,以及为什么要花费如此长的时间(几十年)才能纠正这些错误。科学是人类的一种行为,包括在正确运用已有知识的基础上发现问题,制定最有效地解决问题或测试问题的方法,完成这些方法以获得结果,然后对结果做出正确的解释。如果这些步骤做得正确,结果正确的可能性就会增加(但不能保证)。托马斯-库恩(Thomas Kuhn)提出,你可以从科学是如何进行的来理解什么是科学,他从自己的文章中揭示了一种非常不正常的科学形式,他称之为 "正常 "科学(由于其存在的普遍性)。与此相反,卡尔-波普尔则坚持认为,"正常 "科学的实践暴露出许多缺陷,这些缺陷偏离了科学之所以为科学的基本原则。总之,证据显示,在运动医学和健康科学领域,与所有学科一样,科学中的错误比你想象的要频繁得多。我们迫切需要改进对科学家的教育和培训方式,以防止对 "正常 "科学的追求及其对人类的危害。
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引用次数: 0
Myocarditis – A silent killer in athletes: Comparative analysis on the evidence before and after COVID-19 pandemic 心肌炎--运动员的隐形杀手:COVID-19 大流行前后的证据对比分析
IF 2.3 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-03-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.03.003

Myocarditis is a rare cardiomyocyte inflammatory process, typically caused by viruses, with potentially devastating cardiac sequalae in both competitive athletes and in the general population. Investigation into myocarditis prevalence in the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) era suggests that infection with Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is an independent risk factor for myocarditis, which is confirmed mainly through cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. Recent studies indicated that athletes have a decreased risk of myocarditis after recent COVID-19 infection compared to the general population. However, given the unique nature of competitive athletics with their frequent participation in high-intensity exercise, athletes possess distinct factors of susceptibility for the development of myocarditis and its subsequent severe cardiac complications (e.g., sudden cardiac death, fulminant heart failure, etc.). Under this context, this review focuses on comparing myocarditis in athletes versus non-athletes, owing special attention to the distinct clinical presentations and outcomes of myocarditis caused by different viral pathogens such as cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus-6, human immunodeficiency virus, and Parvovirus B19, both before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, as compared with SARS-CoV-2. By illustrating distinct clinical presentations and outcomes of myocarditis in athletes versus non-athletes, we also highlight the critical importance of early detection, vigilant monitoring, and effective management of viral and non-viral myocarditis in athletes and the necessity for further optimization of the return-to-play guidelines for athletes in the COVID-19 era, in order to minimize the risks for the rare but devastating cardiac fatality.

心肌炎是一种罕见的心肌细胞炎症过程,通常由病毒引起,对竞技运动员和普通人群都有潜在的破坏性心脏后遗症。对 2019 年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)流行情况的调查表明,感染严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)是心肌炎的独立危险因素,这主要通过心血管磁共振成像得到证实。最近的研究表明,与普通人群相比,运动员近期感染 COVID-19 后患心肌炎的风险降低。然而,由于竞技体育的特殊性,运动员经常参加高强度运动,因此他们对心肌炎及其随后的严重心脏并发症(如心脏性猝死、暴发性心力衰竭等)具有独特的易感因素。在此背景下,本综述侧重于比较运动员与非运动员的心肌炎情况,特别关注不同病毒病原体(如巨细胞病毒、爱泼斯坦-巴氏病毒、人类疱疹病毒-6、人类免疫缺陷病毒和副病毒 B19)引起的心肌炎在 COVID-19 大流行前后与 SARS-CoV-2 相比的不同临床表现和结果。通过说明运动员与非运动员心肌炎不同的临床表现和结果,我们还强调了早期发现、警惕监测和有效管理运动员病毒性和非病毒性心肌炎的极端重要性,以及在 COVID-19 时代进一步优化运动员重返赛场指南的必要性,以最大限度地降低罕见但具有破坏性的心脏致死风险。
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引用次数: 0
Origin and age group of the fastest amateur triathletes competing in ‘Ironman Hawaii’ between 2003 and 2019 2003年至2019年间参加“夏威夷铁人三项”比赛的最快业余铁人三项运动员的出身和年龄组
Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2023.07.008
Paulo Puccinelli , Arthur Narloch Sacchelli , Aldo Seffrin , Beat Knechtle , Katja Weiss , Marilia Santos Andrade

Little is known about the prevalent nationalities among the best-placed athletes participating in “Ironman Hawaii.” Moreover, the age at which athletes achieve their best performances remains unclear. The present study aimed to compare the prevalent nationalities among the athletes, their respective placement among the top five, and the performance difference between the different age groups in ‘Ironman Hawaii’ from 2003 to 2019. A total of 30 354 amateur triathletes were selected from the Obsessed Triathlete (OBSTRI) website. A “TOP 5” division filter was applied for further analysis, resulting in 1 851 athletes being included in this study. Among the male runners, Americans participated the most in Ironman events (39%), followed by Germans (10%). Among female runners, Americans participated the most (54%), followed by Australian runners (8%). Male Americans also featured most among the top five (30%), followed by Germans (16%). Female Americans were the most prevalent among the top five (47%), followed by Australian Americans (10%). There were no significant performance differences (p ​> ​0.05) between the 25–29 and 40–44 age groups for either sex. The 45–49 age group presented significantly worse performance than the 35–39 age group for both sexes (p ​< ​0.001). North Americans were the most performant and frequent participants in “Ironman Hawaii.” The expected performance decline due to aging was observed after 45 years in both sexes.

人们对参加 "夏威夷铁人三项赛 "的最佳名次运动员的国籍知之甚少。此外,运动员达到最佳成绩的年龄也不清楚。本研究旨在比较 2003 年至 2019 年参加 "夏威夷铁人三项赛 "的运动员的普遍国籍、各自在前五名中的排名以及不同年龄组之间的成绩差异。本研究从 "痴迷铁人三项运动员"(Obsessed Triathlete,OBSTRI)网站上选取了 30 354 名业余铁人三项运动员。为进行进一步分析,采用了 "TOP 5 "分区筛选法,结果有 1 851 名运动员被纳入本研究。在男子选手中,参加铁人三项比赛最多的是美国人(39%),其次是德国人(10%)。在女性选手中,美国人参赛最多(54%),其次是澳大利亚选手(8%)。在前五名中,男性美国人也最多(30%),其次是德国人(16%)。前五名中美国女性最多(47%),其次是澳大利亚裔美国人(10%)。25-29 岁年龄组和 40-44 岁年龄组的男女生成绩差异不大(p > 0.05)。45-49岁年龄组的男女生成绩均明显低于35-39岁年龄组(p <0.001)。北美人是参加 "夏威夷铁人三项赛 "成绩最好和最频繁的选手。45 岁以后,男女运动员的成绩都出现了预期的衰退。
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引用次数: 0
Post-operative protein supplementation following orthopaedic surgery: A systematic review 骨科手术后蛋白质补充:一项系统综述
Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2023.08.002
Andrew George , Brendan M. Holderread , Bradley S. Lambert , Joshua D. Harris , Patrick C. McCulloch

Decreased mechanical loading after orthopaedic surgery predisposes patients to develop muscle atrophy. The purpose of this review was to assess whether the evidence supports oral protein supplementation can help decrease postoperative muscle atrophy and/or improve patient outcomes following orthopaedic surgery. A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for randomized controlled trials that assessed protein or amino acid supplementation in patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery. Two investigators independently conducted the search using relevant Boolean operations. Primary outcomes included functional or physiologic measures of muscle atrophy or strength. Fourteen studies including 611 patients (224 males, 387 females) were analyzed. Three studies evaluated protein supplementation after ACL reconstruction (ACLR), 3 after total hip arthroplasty (THA), 5 after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and 3 after surgical treatment of hip fracture. Protein supplementation showed beneficial effects across all types of surgery. The primary benefit was a decrease in muscle atrophy compared to placebo as measured by muscle cross sectional area. Multiple authors also demonstrated improved functional measures and quicker achievement of rehabilitation benchmarks. Protein supplementation has beneficial effects on mitigating muscle atrophy in the postoperative period following ACLR, THA, TKA, and surgical treatment of hip fracture. These effects often correlate with improved functional measures and quicker achievement of rehabilitation benchmarks. Further research is needed to evaluate long-term effects of protein supplementation and to establish standardized population-specific regimens that maximize treatment efficacy in the postoperative period.

骨科手术后机械负荷减少,患者容易出现肌肉萎缩。本综述旨在评估是否有证据支持口服蛋白质补充剂有助于减少骨科手术后肌肉萎缩和/或改善患者预后。根据系统综述和元分析首选报告项目(PRISMA)进行了系统综述。在 PubMed (MEDLINE)、Embase、Scopus 和 Web of Science 中检索了评估骨科手术患者补充蛋白质或氨基酸情况的随机对照试验。两名研究人员使用相关的布尔运算独立进行了检索。主要研究结果包括肌肉萎缩或力量的功能或生理指标。共分析了 14 项研究,包括 611 名患者(224 名男性,387 名女性)。三项研究评估了前交叉韧带重建(ACLR)术后、全髋关节置换术(THA)术后、全膝关节置换术(TKA)术后和髋部骨折手术治疗后分别补充蛋白质的情况。补充蛋白质对所有类型的手术都有益处。与安慰剂相比,通过肌肉横截面积测量,蛋白质补充剂的主要益处是减少肌肉萎缩。多位作者的研究还表明,功能性指标有所改善,并能更快地达到康复基准。在前交叉韧带损伤(ACLR)、全膝关节置换术(THA)、全膝关节置换术(TKA)和髋部骨折手术治疗术后,补充蛋白质对减轻肌肉萎缩有好处。这些效果通常与功能改善和更快达到康复基准相关。还需要进一步的研究来评估蛋白质补充的长期效果,并建立针对特定人群的标准化方案,以最大限度地提高术后的治疗效果。
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引用次数: 0
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Sports Medicine and Health Science
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