Sports Medicine and Health Science最新文献_第5页

Strength development following a six-week risk reduction athletic development training program in men and women 在男性和女性进行为期六周的风险降低运动发展训练项目后的力量发展

IF 2.3 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Sports Medicine and Health Science

Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.09.004

Christopher J. Cleary , Krisha Crane , Lisa M. Vopat , Bryan G. Vopat , Ashley A. Herda

This study retrospectively evaluated data from an athlete management system on the impact of a 6-week, 12-session risk-reduction athletic development training program on maximal isometric strength in post-rehabilitative and healthy men and women. Maximal isometric quadriceps and hamstrings strength were evaluated bilaterally before and after the training program. Out of 55 athletes that had participated in the program, a total of 37 athletes' (13–28 years old) recorded outcomes were utilized in analyses. Thirty-one athletes had undergone rehabilitation (post-rehabilitative athletes) after orthopedic knee surgeries. Six athletes with no previous surgeries performed (healthy athletes) also completed the 6-week program. Repeated measures analyses of variance (leg × time) assessed changes in quadriceps and hamstrings strength at an alpha of p ≤ 0.05. There was a main effect for time where the post-rehabilitative athletes’ quadriceps and hamstrings strength increased by (mean difference ± standard error) (4.2 ± 0.7) kg (p < 0.01) and (4.5 ± 0.9) kg (p < 0.01) respectively, with legs (operative [OP]) and non-operative [NOP]) combined. With time points combined, the OP limb was weaker than the NOP limb for quadriceps strength by (2.9 ± 0.7) kg (p < 0.01) with no differences in hamstrings strength. For the healthy athletes, there were no changes for quadriceps strength and hamstring strength improved across time by (5.3 ± 1.4) kg (p = 0.01) with legs combined.

In conclusion, there were improvements in post-rehabilitative and healthy athletes’ isometric strength after the training program. However, between-limb strength asymmetries were still apparent in the post-rehabilitation cohort.

本研究回顾性评估了来自运动员管理系统的数据，分析了6周、12期降低风险的运动发展训练计划对康复后和健康男性和女性最大等长力量的影响。最大等长股四头肌和腘绳肌力量在训练计划前后进行评估。在参与该项目的55名运动员中，共有37名运动员（13-28岁）的记录结果被用于分析。31名运动员在膝关节矫形手术后接受了康复治疗。6名以前没有做过手术的运动员（健康运动员）也完成了为期6周的项目。重复测量方差分析（腿×时间）评估股四头肌和腘绳肌力量的变化，alpha值为p≤0.05。在康复后运动员股四头肌和腘绳肌力量增加的时间上存在主效应（平均差±标准误差）（4.2±0.7）kg (p <；0.01)和（4.5±0.9）kg (p <；0.01)，腿部（手术[OP]和非手术[NOP]）合并。结合时间点，OP肢的股四头肌力量弱于NOP肢（2.9±0.7）kg (p <；0.01)，腘绳肌力量无差异。对于健康运动员，股四头肌力量和腘绳肌力量随时间的变化没有变化（5.3±1.4）kg （p = 0.01）。综上所述，训练计划对康复后和健康运动员的等长肌力有改善。然而，在康复后队列中，肢间力量不对称仍然很明显。

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引用次数: 0

Preschool-aged children 24-hour movement behaviours before and during COVID-19 学龄前儿童在 COVID-19 之前和期间的 24 小时运动行为

IF 2.3 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Sports Medicine and Health Science

Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.09.001

Mingming Cui , Xiaojuan Wang , Zhaoxu Lu , Anthony D. Okely , Katharina Kariippanon , Ellie K. Taylor , Ting Zhang , Hongyan Guan

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) affected health, economies, and lifestyles, but little is known about its impact on children. We aimed to investigate changes in 24-hour (h) movement behaviours of pre-school children before and during COVID-19, and factors that influenced these. Children aged 3–6 years were recruited in Beijing in 2019, and their movement behaviours over 24 h assessed by questionnaire, as part of the International Study of Movement Behaviors in the Early Years (SUNRISE) study. We conducted the survey again during COVID-19, and compared the children’s movement behaviours before and during COVID-19 and associated factors. Overall, 196 parents completed the survey at both time points. The percentage of children meeting movement guidelines decreased during the pandemic (p < 0.01). Total physical activity decreased less among children getting good quality sleep or with more adults in the household (p < 0.01). Children who were not cared for primarily by their mother had a greater decrease in moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (p = 0.02), but the decrease was smaller among children whose parents used the internet to support their physical activity and/or screen time (p < 0.05). Children who used electronic screen devices in the 2 h before bedtime or whose parents reported body temperature in webchats had a greater increase in sedentary screen time (p < 0.05). Children spending more time outdoors showed a smaller decrease in sleep (p < 0.01). Overall, children’s movement behaviours changed significantly during the pandemic.

由严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行影响了健康、经济和生活方式，但人们对其对儿童的影响知之甚少。我们的目的是调查学龄前儿童在 COVID-19 之前和期间 24 小时运动行为的变化，以及影响这些变化的因素。我们于2019年在北京招募了3-6岁的儿童，并通过问卷调查评估了他们在24小时内的运动行为，这是国际幼儿运动行为研究（SUNRISE）的一部分。我们在 COVID-19 期间再次进行了调查，并比较了儿童在 COVID-19 之前和期间的运动行为及相关因素。共有 196 名家长在两个时间点完成了调查。在大流行期间，符合运动准则的儿童比例有所下降（p < 0.01）。在睡眠质量较好或家中有较多成人的儿童中，总体力活动量的下降幅度较小（p < 0.01）。不是主要由母亲照顾的儿童的中等强度到剧烈强度的体力活动量减少较多（p = 0.02），但父母使用互联网支持其体力活动和/或屏幕时间的儿童的体力活动量减少较少（p < 0.05）。在睡前 2 小时使用电子屏幕设备或父母在网络聊天中报告体温的儿童，其久坐屏幕时间增加较多（p < 0.05）。户外活动时间较多的儿童睡眠减少的幅度较小（p < 0.01）。总体而言，儿童的运动行为在大流行期间发生了显著变化。

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引用次数: 0

An integrative review of the effects of high-intensity interval training on the autonomic nervous system 高强度间歇训练对自律神经系统影响的综合评述。

IF 2.3 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Sports Medicine and Health Science

Pub Date : 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.08.002

Massimo Coretti , Nathalia Nahas Donatello , Gianluca Bianco , Francisco J. Cidral-Filho

High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) has gained prominence as a time-efficient and effective exercise modality to improve cardiovascular (CV) fitness, metabolic health, and physical performance. Therefore, our aim was to synthesize current clinical research on the effects of HIIT on the Autonomic Nervous System. We conducted the search for studies in the Directory of Open Access Journals, Embase, Virtual Health Library, Pubmed, and Scielo databases, in January of 2024. We included a total of 20 studies in our review. This literature review highlights the potential of HIIT to modulate the Autonomic Nervous System, enhancing CV function and overall health. Despite the promising findings, the interpretation of the results is tempered by the variability in study designs, populations, and methodologies. Future research should address these limitations, aiming for a more nuanced understanding of the relationship between HIIT and Autonomic Nervous System function. The review indicates that standardized protocols need to consider individual characteristics and baseline autonomic states for clinical application. As the body of evidence grows, HIIT may emerge as a cornerstone of exercise prescriptions aimed at optimizing autonomic function and promoting CV health.

高强度间歇训练（HIIT）作为一种时间效率高且有效的运动方式，可以改善心血管（CV）健康、代谢健康和身体表现。因此，我们的目的是综合目前HIIT对自主神经系统影响的临床研究。我们于2024年1月在开放获取期刊目录、Embase、虚拟健康图书馆、Pubmed和Scielo数据库中进行了研究搜索。我们的综述共纳入了20项研究。这篇文献综述强调了HIIT调节自主神经系统、增强心血管功能和整体健康的潜力。尽管这些发现很有希望，但对结果的解释受到研究设计、人群和方法的可变性的影响。未来的研究应该解决这些局限性，旨在更细致地了解HIIT和自主神经系统功能之间的关系。综述表明，标准化方案需要考虑临床应用的个体特征和基线自主神经状态。随着证据的不断增加，HIIT可能会成为旨在优化自主神经功能和促进心血管健康的运动处方的基石。

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引用次数: 0

Observed relationships between nap practices, executive function, and developmental outcomes in Tunisian childcare centers 观察突尼斯托儿中心的午睡实践、执行功能和发展结果之间的关系

IF 2.3 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Sports Medicine and Health Science

Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.08.001

Mohamed-Amine Ltifi , Kar Hau Chong , Ghaith Ben-Bouzaiene , Anthony D. Okely , Mohamed-Souhaiel Chelly

The objective of this design was to conduct an observational study comparing anthropometric characteristics, cognitive functions, as well as gross and fine motor skills. The study included 118 preschool-aged children (47 boys, 71 girls) enrolled in childcare centers. They were categorized into two groups based on their nap habits. The nap group comprised 59 children (23 boys, 36 girls), age (mean ± standard deviation) ([3.96 ± 0.54] years) who took naps after lunch, while the no-nap group included 59 children (24 boys, 35 girls) age (mean ± standard deviation) ([4.18 ± 0.61] years) who remained awake during this period. The results showed that the napping group had significantly higher scores for body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.000 1), height-for-age z score (HAZ) (p = 0.003), and higher BAZ (BMI-for-age z score) scores (p < 0.000 1), compared to the No-nap group. In terms of cognitive function, the study revealed that the napping group had better working memory performance compared to the No-nap group (p = 0.002), but no significant impact on inhibition was observed. The results also showed that taking a nap may improve functional mobility (p = 0.003) and upper body strength (p = 0.026) especially in boys. Future research could investigate the long-term effects of inadequate nap time on children's health and development and also develop and evaluate interventions to improve nap time habits in preschool children.

本设计的目的是进行一项观察性研究，比较人体测量特征、认知功能以及粗大和精细运动技能。该研究包括118名学龄前儿童（47名男孩，71名女孩）在托儿中心登记。根据他们的午睡习惯，他们被分为两组。午睡组包括59名儿童（男孩23名，女孩36名），年龄（平均±标准差）（[3.96±0.54]岁）在午餐后小睡，而不午睡组包括59名儿童（男孩24名，女孩35名）年龄（平均±标准差）（[4.18±0.61]岁）在此期间保持清醒。结果显示，午睡组的身体质量指数（BMI）得分显著高于对照组(p <；0.000 1)，身高-年龄z评分（HAZ）（p = 0.003）， BAZ （bmi -年龄z评分）得分较高(p <；0.000 1)，与不午睡组相比。在认知功能方面，研究发现午睡组的工作记忆表现优于不午睡组（p = 0.002），但在抑制方面没有明显影响。结果还表明，午睡可以改善功能活动能力（p = 0.003）和上肢力量（p = 0.026），特别是在男孩中。未来的研究可以探讨午睡时间不足对儿童健康和发育的长期影响，并制定和评估改善学龄前儿童午睡习惯的干预措施。

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引用次数: 0

Affective valence predictors from real-world based short sprint interval training 从基于真实世界的短跑间歇训练中预测情感价位

IF 2.3 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Sports Medicine and Health Science

Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.07.003

Stefano Benítez-Flores , Flávio A. de S. Castro , Eduardo Caldas Costa , Daniel Boullosa , Todd A. Astorino

Affective valence is typically positive at exercise intensities below the lactate threshold, yet more aversive responses occur at supra-threshold intensities. Nevertheless, the physiological and psychological predictors of affective valence during supramaximal intensities including short sprint interval training (sSIT) have not yet been elucidated. Seventeen (7 women/10 men) moderately active young adults (age = [28.2 ± 5.6] years;

\dot{V}

O_2max [maximum oxygen consumption] = [52.9 ± 8.1] mL·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹; BMI [body mass index] = [24 ± 2] kg·m⁻²) completed four low-volume running sSIT sessions (10 × 4 s efforts with 30 s of passive recovery). We recorded participants’ heart rate (HR), root mean square of successive differences of normal RR intervals (RMSSD), heart rate recovery (HRR), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), feeling scale (FS), intention and self-efficacy during, and after each session. Overall, no significant correlation (p > 0.05) was found between FS and baseline clinical outcomes. No significant correlation (p > 0.05) was detected between FS and any training parameter. No significant correlations were noted between FS and exercise task self-efficacy and intentions (p > 0.05). The regression model was significant (F_3,61 = 5.57; p = 0.002) and only three variables significantly entered the generated model: ΔHRR_{end-120s end} (p = 0.002; VIF = 2.58; 40.8%), time ≥ 90% HR_peak (p = 0.001; VIF = 1.26; 31.6%), and RMSSD_end (p = 0.025; VIF = 2.23; 27.6%). These findings suggest that HR-based measures, particularly those related to in-task stress (time ≥ 90% HR_peak) and acute recovery (ΔHRR_{end-120s end}, and RMSSD_end), may predict affective valence during real-world sSIT.

在低于乳酸阈值的运动强度下，情感效价通常是积极的，而在超过阈值的强度下，会出现更多的厌恶反应。然而，在包括短冲刺间歇训练（sSIT）在内的超极大强度期间，情感效价的生理和心理预测因素尚未得到阐明。17例（7名女性/10名男性）中度运动青年(年龄=[28.2±5.6]岁；V˙O2max(最大耗氧量)=(52.9±8.1)毫升·公斤−1·敏−1;BMI[体重指数]=[24±2]kg·m−2)完成4次小容量sSIT运动（10 × 4 s努力，30 s被动恢复）。我们记录了参与者的心率（HR）、正常RR间隔（RMSSD）连续差异的均方根、心率恢复（HRR）、感知运动评分（RPE）、感觉量表（FS）、意图和自我效能感在每次训练期间和之后。总体而言，无显著相关性(p >；FS与基线临床结果之间存在0.05)。无显著相关性(p >；FS与任何训练参数之间均存在0.05)。FS与运动任务自我效能感和意图之间无显著相关(p >；0.05)。回归模型显著(F3,61 = 5.57；p = 0.002)，只有三个变量显著进入生成的模型：ΔHRRend-120s end (p = 0.002；vif = 2.58；40.8%)，时间≥90% HRpeak (p = 0.001；vif = 1.26；31.6%), RMSSDend (p = 0.025；vif = 2.23；27.6%)。这些发现表明，基于hr的测量，特别是与任务内压力（时间≥90% HRpeak）和急性恢复（ΔHRRend-120s end和rmssend）相关的测量，可以预测真实sSIT期间的情感效价。

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引用次数: 0

IF 2.3 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Sports Medicine and Health Science

Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.07.001

Guilherme Corrêa de Araújo Moury Fernandes , Ewerton Borges de Souza Lima , Paulo Henrique Schmidt Lara , Ana Camila de Castro Gandolfi , Jorge Roberto Pagura , Gustavo Gonçalves Arliani , Moisés Cohen

This study aimed to investigate the incidence and other significant features of craniomaxillofacial trauma (CMFT), particularly Sport-Related Concussion (SRC), among professional soccer players from two major leagues in Brazil. This is a prospective epidemiological study which assessed two divisions of the national championship and large regional one over four seasons. Data were gathered from soccer clubs and their medical staff using two online forms. Data related to players (age and position) and injuries (diagnosis, type, body location, laterality, field location, tests performed, need for surgery, time lost in sports, and recurrence) were collected. Between 2016 and 2019, a total of 15 seasons, comprising 3 828 matches and 126 324 hours (h) of gameplay, were analyzed. A total of 299 CMFT cases were reported, with a median incidence of 2.37 per 1 000 h of play. Among them, there were 178 head and 121 face traumas, which led to 87 SRC (representing 29.10% of all CMFT), with an incidence of 0.69. Defensive midfielders (14.43%) and goalkeepers (14.00%) had the highest prevalence rates of CMFT. Only 3.68% of the injuries, mostly lacerations and fractures, required surgical treatment. This study identified that the average time lost in sports due to SRC was 5.12 days, with a recurrence rate of 12.71%. SRC are a frequent consequence of CMFT in Brazilian professional soccer. Although most cases are mild, there is a high recurrence rate, which may have long-term implications.

本研究旨在调查巴西两个主要联赛的职业足球运动员颅颌面外伤（CMFT）的发生率和其他重要特征，特别是运动相关脑震荡（SRC）。这是一项前瞻性流行病学研究，评估了四个赛季中全国锦标赛和大型地区锦标赛的两个部门。数据是通过两种在线表格从足球俱乐部及其医务人员那里收集的。收集与球员（年龄和位置）和损伤（诊断、类型、身体位置、侧边、场地位置、进行的测试、手术需求、运动中损失的时间和复发）相关的数据。在2016年至2019年期间，共分析了15个赛季，包括3828场比赛和126 324小时的游戏时间。报告了299例CMFT病例，中位发病率为每1000小时2.37例。其中头部外伤178例，面部外伤121例，导致SRC 87例（占全部CMFT的29.10%），发生率为0.69。防守中场球员（14.43%）和守门员（14.00%）的CMFT患病率最高。只有3.68%的损伤需要手术治疗，主要是撕裂伤和骨折。本研究发现，SRC导致的平均运动时间损失为5.12天，复发率为12.71%。SRC是巴西职业足球中CMFT的常见后果。虽然大多数病例是轻微的，但复发率高，这可能有长期的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Combined effects of Tai-Chi gait with mediolateral ground support perturbation on dynamic balance control 太极步态与内外侧地面支撑扰动对动态平衡控制的综合影响

IF 2.3 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Sports Medicine and Health Science

Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.07.002

Jacob Smith , Troilyn Jackson , Wei Liu , Jonathan Gelfond , Hao-Yuan Hsiao

Tai-Chi (TC) is a broadly used exercise that appeared to decrease the risk of falls. However, biomechanical mechanisms underlying the reduced fall risks following TC exercise remain unclear and hinder the ability to optimize TC intervention to target specific balance deficit disorders. In addition, combining TC gait exercise with ground support perturbation may be a viable approach to further challenge balance control compared to TC gait alone. The purpose of this study was to compare dynamic stability and limb support force production during comfortable walking speed (CWS), TC gait, and TC gait with medial (MED) and lateral (LAT) ground support perturbations in older and younger adults. Ten older adults and ten younger adults performed CWS, TC gait, LAT, and MED. Conditions involving TC gait showed decreased margin of stability (MoS) (main effect of condition, p < 0.01) and increased vertical force impulse compared to CWS (p < 0.01). Medial ground support perturbation induced the smallest MoS among all conditions. Older adults showed increased MoS compared to younger adults (p < 0.01). These findings provided insight into how key balance control characteristics are modulated during TC exercise and indicate that combining ground support perturbation with TC may further challenge dynamic stability.

太极拳（TC）是一种广泛使用的运动，似乎可以降低跌倒的风险。然而，降低TC运动后跌倒风险的生物力学机制尚不清楚，并阻碍了优化TC干预以针对特定平衡缺陷障碍的能力。此外，与单独的TC步态相比，将TC步态运动与地面支撑扰动相结合可能是进一步挑战平衡控制的可行方法。本研究的目的是比较老年人和年轻人在舒适步行速度（CWS）、TC步态和具有内侧（MED）和外侧（LAT）地面支持扰动的TC步态时的动态稳定性和肢体支配力产生。10名老年人和10名年轻人进行了CWS、TC步态、LAT和MED测试。涉及TC步态的条件显示稳定裕度（MoS）下降(条件的主要影响，p <；0.01)，与CWS相比垂直力冲量增加(p <；0.01)。在所有条件下，中间地面支撑扰动引起的最小最小损失。与年轻人相比，老年人的MoS增加(p <；0.01)。这些发现揭示了关键平衡控制特性在TC运动中是如何被调节的，并表明地面支撑扰动与TC的结合可能进一步挑战动态稳定性。

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引用次数: 0

Corticospinal tract alterations after ankle sprain in adolescence: Insights from the mouse model 青春期踝关节扭伤后皮质脊髓束的改变：小鼠模型的启示

IF 2.3 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Sports Medicine and Health Science

Pub Date : 2024-06-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.06.006

Xiao'ao Xue , Xicheng Gu , Yuwen Zhang , Xuejun Wu , Tian Xia , Rong Lu , He Wang , Yinghui Hua

Purpose

Lateral ankle sprains (LAS) are associated with corticospinal pathway deficits. Existing evidence is primarily based on cross-sectional investigations and noncausal speculations. This study aims to determine whether maladaptive corticospinal pathway alterations occur pre- and postligament transection in LAS mouse models. Additionally, this study explores whether the alterations are more pronounced in adolescent mice than adults.

Methods

Twenty-four 8-week-old adolescent and twenty-four 24-week-old adult mice were randomly assigned to lateral ankle ligament transection or sham surgery. Diffusion-weighted imaging of the corticospinal pathway was performed presurgery and 8 weeks postsurgery. Fractional anisotropy (FA) values, reflecting fiber integrity within the corticospinal subregions of the medulla, pons, midbrain, and cerebrum, were extracted.

Results

Overall, 41 mice completed repeated image acquisition. Before surgery, no significant group effects on FA within the four corticospinal subregions were detected in either adolescent or adult mice. Two months after surgery, the adolescent cohort displayed a significant reduction in FA in the medulla subregion following ankle ligament transection (β-baseline-adjusted = −0.083, 95% CI, −0.145 to −0.021, p-corrected = 0.048). Conversely, no significant effects of ankle ligament transection on corticospinal FA were observed in the adult cohort.

Conclusion

The maladaptive alterations in the corticospinal tract could be observed in the adolescent LAS mouse model, characterized by reduced fiber integrity in the medulla subregion. While these results are derived from an animal model, they provide a foundation for future investigations into the mechanisms underlying neurological deficits following musculoskeletal injuries.

目的：外侧踝关节扭伤（LAS）与皮质脊髓通路缺陷有关。现有的证据主要是基于横断面调查和非因果推测。本研究旨在确定LAS小鼠模型中韧带横断前和韧带横断后是否会发生适应性不良的皮质脊髓通路改变。此外，本研究还探讨了这种变化在青春期小鼠中是否比成年小鼠更明显。方法将24只8周龄的青春期小鼠和24只24周龄的成年小鼠随机分为踝关节外侧韧带横断组和假手术组。术前和术后8周对皮质脊髓通路进行弥散加权成像。提取分数各向异性（FA）值，反映髓质、脑桥、中脑和大脑皮质脊髓亚区纤维的完整性。结果41只小鼠完成了重复图像采集。手术前，在青春期或成年小鼠中，未检测到四个皮质脊髓亚区对FA的显著组效应。手术后两个月，青少年队列显示踝关节韧带横断后髓质亚区FA显著减少（β-基线校正= - 0.083,95% CI, - 0.145至- 0.021，p校正= 0.048）。相反，在成人队列中没有观察到踝关节韧带横断对皮质脊髓FA的显著影响。结论青少年LAS小鼠模型存在皮质脊髓束的不适应改变，表现为髓质亚区纤维完整性降低。虽然这些结果来自动物模型，但它们为未来研究肌肉骨骼损伤后神经功能缺陷的机制提供了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Model for predicting metabolic activity in athletes based on biochemical blood test analysis 基于血液生化测试分析的运动员代谢活动预测模型

IF 2.3 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Sports Medicine and Health Science

Pub Date : 2024-06-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.06.005

Victoria A. Zaborova , Evgenii I. Balakin , Ksenia A. Yurku , Olga E. Aprishko , Vasiliy I. Pustovoyt

Improving the efficiency of athletic performance and reducing the likelihood of overtraining are primarily determined goals that can be achieved by the correct organization of the training process. The nature of adaptation to physical stress is associated with the specificity, focus, and degree of biochemical and functional changes that occur during muscular work. In this study, we aimed to develop a diagnostic model for predicting metabolic processes in athletes based on standard biochemical blood analysis indicators. The study involved athletes from the track and field athletics team (men, n = 42, average age was [22.55 ± 3.68] years). Blood samples were collected in the morning at the beginning and end of the training week during the annual cycle. During the entire period, 3 625 laboratory parameter tests were conducted. Capillary blood sampling in athletes was conducted from the distal phalanx of the finger after overnight fasting, according to standard diagnostic procedures. To determine the predominance of anabolic or catabolic processes, equations were derived from a linear discriminant function. The discriminant function of predicting metabolic processes in athletes has a high information capacity (92.1%), as confirmed by the biochemical results of neuroendocrine system activity, which characterized the body's stage of adaptive regulatory mechanisms in response to stress factors. The classification matrix used to predict the metabolic processes based on the results of the discriminant function calculation demonstrates the statistical significance of the model (p < 0.01). Consequently, an informative mathematical model was developed, which enabled the reliable and timely prediction of the prevalence of one of the metabolic activity phases in the athlete's body. The use of the developed model will also allow us to assess the nature of adaptation to specific muscular work, identify an athlete's weaknesses, forecast the success of their performance, and timely adjust both the training process and the recovery program.

提高运动表现的效率和减少过度训练的可能性是可以通过正确组织训练过程来实现的主要确定目标。适应物理应激的性质与肌肉工作过程中发生的生化和功能变化的特异性、焦点和程度有关。在这项研究中，我们旨在建立一个基于标准生化血液分析指标预测运动员代谢过程的诊断模型。研究对象为田径队运动员，男性42人，平均年龄[22.55±3.68]岁。在年度周期中，于训练周开始和结束时的早晨采集血样。在整个期间，进行了3 625次实验室参数测试。根据标准诊断程序，在禁食一夜后，从运动员的手指远端指骨进行毛细血管血液采样。为了确定合成代谢或分解代谢过程的优势，从线性判别函数推导出方程。神经内分泌系统活动的生化结果证实，预测运动员代谢过程的判别函数具有较高的信息容量（92.1%），表征了机体对应激因素的适应性调节机制的阶段。基于判别函数计算结果，用于预测代谢过程的分类矩阵证明了模型的统计显著性(p <；0.01)。因此，开发了一个信息丰富的数学模型，能够可靠和及时地预测运动员体内某一代谢活动阶段的流行情况。使用已开发的模型还将使我们能够评估对特定肌肉工作的适应性质，确定运动员的弱点，预测他们表现的成功，并及时调整训练过程和恢复计划。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of eccentric resistance training after stroke on body function, activities of daily living and cognitive function: A review 中风后偏心阻力训练对身体功能、日常生活活动和认知功能的影响：综述

IF 2.3 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES

Sports Medicine and Health Science

Pub Date : 2024-06-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.06.004

Maria Ramoneda-Rabat , Josep Medina-Casanovas , Maria Betina Nishishinya Aquino , Myriam Guerra-Balic

Impairments on body function, activities of daily living (ADL) and cognition are common after stroke. Eccentric resistance training (ERT) may be implemented to improve them.

The primary objectives were to evaluate whether ERT improves body function, ADL and cognition after stroke. The secondary objectives were to evaluate whether ERT improves strength, gait, quality of life, and self-perceived health.

Seven electronic databases were searched: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Stroke Group Trials Register, PubMed, Epistemonikos, Embase, SPORTDiscus, and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Last search was run in December 2023, including studies since 2012.

Selection criteria were studies with stroke participants of both sexes, aged 18 or more, with an intervention based on ERT. Accepted languages were English, Spanish or French.

First search was done in pairs. Authors removed duplicate studies and those which did not meet inclusion criteria through title and abstracts. Finally, all authors, independently, screened the final search results and extracted data.

Of 68 records identified, 15 were eligible and 6 were finally included (with moderate risk of bias), analyzing 159 participants. Body function (4 interventions, n = 84), gait (4 interventions, n = 115) and strength (3 interventions, n = 78) showed significantly better results when ERT was performed. Meta-analysis could not be done because of the few studies and their heterogeneity.

This review provided low-moderate quality evidence suggesting that ERT might be effective at improving body function, strength, and gait after stroke. Besides, no harm was documented, and it was well-accepted.

脑卒中后身体功能、日常生活活动和认知功能的损害是常见的。可以实施偏心阻力训练（ERT）来改善它们。主要目的是评估ERT是否能改善脑卒中后的身体功能、日常生活能力和认知能力。次要目的是评估ERT是否能改善力量、步态、生活质量和自我感知健康。检索了7个电子数据库：Cochrane中央对照试验注册库、Cochrane卒中组试验注册库、PubMed、Epistemonikos、Embase、SPORTDiscus和WHO国际临床试验注册平台。最后一次搜索是在2023年12月，包括2012年以来的研究。选择标准是对18岁或以上的卒中参与者进行研究，干预基于ERT。接受的语言是英语、西班牙语或法语。第一次搜索是成对进行的。作者通过标题和摘要删除了重复研究和不符合纳入标准的研究。最后，所有作者独立筛选最终搜索结果并提取数据。在确定的68条记录中，15条符合条件，6条最终纳入（具有中等偏倚风险），分析了159名参与者。进行ERT治疗后，身体功能（4项干预，n = 84）、步态（4项干预，n = 115）和力量（3项干预，n = 78）均有明显改善。由于研究较少且具有异质性，因此无法进行meta分析。本综述提供了中低质量的证据，表明ERT可能有效改善中风后的身体功能、力量和步态。此外，没有任何危害被记录下来，并且被广泛接受。

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引用次数: 0