Pub Date : 2024-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.01.009
Previous studies have shown that Physical Activity (PA) has a positive association with emotional health and intelligence in adolescents but none have focused on the relationship of PA duration and intensity on Emotional Intelligence (EI). The purpose of this study was to cross-sectionally assess the association of PA measures on overall EI and its domains in a cohort of 2 029 adolescents aged 10–13 years of age in the National Longitudinal Survey for Children and Youth (NLSCY) from Canada. Multivariable linear regression analysis of EI was adjusted for age, sex, annual household income, and health status. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to relate PA duration measured in minutes, frequency, and intensity categories with continuous GEI scores and also the corresponding scores for domains of GEI. The mean GEI scores were (28.3 ± 6.6) for 0–30 minute (min) PA duration, (30.0 ± 6.5) for 30 to < 60 min, (30.8 ± 6.7) for 60–120 min, and (30.1 ± 6.5) for ≥ 121 min. There was a statistically significant linear trend across PA duration categories, p = 0.000 4. Post-hoc pairwise comparison revealed that compared to the referent category (< 30 min PA category) was statistically significantly lower GEI than each of the other two PA categories (30–59 min; and 60–120 min), both p-values < 0.01. Meeting World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for duration and vigorous intensity were positively associated with the higher overall EI and its domains except for Stress Management.
{"title":"The association of physical activity duration and intensity on emotional intelligence in 10–13 year-old Children","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.01.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Previous studies have shown that Physical Activity (PA) has a positive association with emotional health and intelligence in adolescents but none have focused on the relationship of PA duration and intensity on Emotional Intelligence (EI). The purpose of this study was to cross-sectionally assess the association of PA measures on overall EI and its domains in a cohort of 2 029 adolescents aged 10–13 years of age in the National Longitudinal Survey for Children and Youth (NLSCY) from Canada. Multivariable linear regression analysis of EI was adjusted for age, sex, annual household income, and health status. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to relate PA duration measured in minutes, frequency, and intensity categories with continuous GEI scores and also the corresponding scores for domains of GEI. The mean GEI scores were (28.3 ± 6.6) for 0–30 minute (min) PA duration, (30.0 ± 6.5) for 30 to < 60 min, (30.8 ± 6.7) for 60–120 min, and (30.1 ± 6.5) for ≥ 121 min. There was a statistically significant linear trend across PA duration categories, <em>p</em> = 0.000 4. Post-hoc pairwise comparison revealed that compared to the referent category (< 30 min PA category) was statistically significantly lower GEI than each of the other two PA categories (30–59 min; and 60–120 min), both <em>p</em>-values < 0.01. Meeting World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for duration and vigorous intensity were positively associated with the higher overall EI and its domains except for Stress Management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266633762400009X/pdfft?md5=116fe82b9099f159a024a65c2c6baddb&pid=1-s2.0-S266633762400009X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139813670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-02DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.01.010
This study aimed to investigate the potential cardioprotective effects of moderate and high-intensity aerobic interval training (MIIT and HIIT) preconditioning. The focus was on histological changes, pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance, autophagy initiation, and apoptosis in myocardial tissue incited by isoproterenol-induced pathological cardiac remodeling (ISO-induced PCR). Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control (n = 6), ISO (n = 8), MIIT (n = 4), HIIT (n = 4), MIIT + ISO (n = 8), and HIIT + ISO (n = 8) groups. The MIIT and HIIT protocols were administered for 10 weeks, followed by the induction of cardiac remodeling using subcutaneous injection of ISO (100 mg/kg for two consecutive days). Alterations in heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), rate pressure product (RPP), myocardial oxygen consumption (MO2), cardiac hypertrophy, histopathological changes, pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance, autophagy biomarkers (Beclin-1, Atg7, p62, LC3 I/II), and apoptotic cell distribution were measured. The findings revealed that the MIIT + ISO and HIIT + ISO groups demonstrated diminished myocardial damage, hemorrhage, immune cell infiltration, edema, necrosis, and apoptosis compared to ISO-induced rats. MIIT and HIIT preconditioning mitigated HR, enhanced MAP, and preserved MO2 and RPP. The pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance was sustained in both MIIT + ISO and HIIT + ISO groups, with MIIT primarily inhibiting pro-apoptotic autophagy progression through maintaining pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance, and HIIT promoting pro-survival autophagy. The results demonstrated the beneficial effects of both MIIT and HIIT as AITs preconditioning in ameliorating ISO-induced PCR by improving exercise capacity, hemodynamic parameters, and histopathological changes. Some of these protective effects can be attributed to the modulation of cardiac apoptosis, autophagy, and oxidative stress.
本研究旨在探讨中度和高强度有氧间歇训练(MIIT 和 HIIT)预处理对心脏的潜在保护作用。研究重点是异丙托品醇诱导的病理性心脏重塑(ISO诱导的PCR)所引发的心肌组织的组织学变化、促氧化-抗氧化平衡、自噬启动和细胞凋亡。雄性 Wistar 大鼠被随机分为对照组(n = 6)、ISO 组(n = 8)、MIIT 组(n = 4)、HIIT 组(n = 4)、MIIT + ISO 组(n = 8)和 HIIT + ISO 组(n = 8)。MIIT和HIIT方案实施10周,然后通过皮下注射ISO(100毫克/千克,连续两天)诱导心脏重塑。研究人员测量了心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、速率压力积(RPP)、心肌耗氧量(MV˙O2)、心脏肥大、组织病理学变化、促氧化剂-抗氧化剂平衡、自噬生物标志物(Beclin-1、Atg7、p62、LC3 I/II)和凋亡细胞分布的变化。研究结果显示,与 ISO 诱导的大鼠相比,MIIT + ISO 组和 HIIT + ISO 组的心肌损伤、出血、免疫细胞浸润、水肿、坏死和细胞凋亡均有所减轻。MIIT 和 HIIT 预处理减轻了 HR,提高了 MAP,保护了 MV˙O2 和 RPP。MIIT + ISO组和HIIT + ISO组都维持了促氧化-抗氧化平衡,其中MIIT主要是通过维持促氧化-抗氧化平衡来抑制促凋亡的自噬过程,而HIIT则促进了促生存的自噬过程。研究结果表明,MIIT 和 HIIT 作为 AITs 预处理,通过改善运动能力、血液动力学参数和组织病理学变化,对改善 ISO 诱导的 PCR 有益。其中一些保护作用可归因于对心脏凋亡、自噬和氧化应激的调节。
{"title":"Aerobic interval training preconditioning protocols inhibit isoproterenol-induced pathological cardiac remodeling in rats: Implications on oxidative balance, autophagy, and apoptosis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.01.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.01.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to investigate the potential cardioprotective effects of moderate and high-intensity aerobic interval training (MIIT and HIIT) preconditioning. The focus was on histological changes, pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance, autophagy initiation, and apoptosis in myocardial tissue incited by isoproterenol-induced pathological cardiac remodeling (ISO-induced PCR). Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control (<em>n</em> = 6), ISO (<em>n</em> = 8), MIIT (<em>n</em> = 4), HIIT (<em>n</em> = 4), MIIT + ISO (<em>n</em> = 8), and HIIT + ISO (<em>n</em> = 8) groups. The MIIT and HIIT protocols were administered for 10 weeks, followed by the induction of cardiac remodeling using subcutaneous injection of ISO (100 mg/kg for two consecutive days). Alterations in heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), rate pressure product (RPP), myocardial oxygen consumption (M<span><math><mrow><mover><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover></mrow></math></span>O<sub>2</sub>), cardiac hypertrophy, histopathological changes, pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance, autophagy biomarkers (Beclin-1, Atg7, p62, LC3 I/II), and apoptotic cell distribution were measured. The findings revealed that the MIIT + ISO and HIIT + ISO groups demonstrated diminished myocardial damage, hemorrhage, immune cell infiltration, edema, necrosis, and apoptosis compared to ISO-induced rats. MIIT and HIIT preconditioning mitigated HR, enhanced MAP, and preserved M<span><math><mrow><mover><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover></mrow></math></span>O<sub>2</sub> and RPP. The pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance was sustained in both MIIT + ISO and HIIT + ISO groups, with MIIT primarily inhibiting pro-apoptotic autophagy progression through maintaining pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance, and HIIT promoting pro-survival autophagy. The results demonstrated the beneficial effects of both MIIT and HIIT as AITs preconditioning in ameliorating ISO-induced PCR by improving exercise capacity, hemodynamic parameters, and histopathological changes. Some of these protective effects can be attributed to the modulation of cardiac apoptosis, autophagy, and oxidative stress.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666337624000106/pdfft?md5=ab7acf9bc48a176885639c1f988830e1&pid=1-s2.0-S2666337624000106-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139889947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.01.008
Listening to music manipulates attention to be more externally focused, which has the potential to improve muscular efficiency. This study aimed to determine the effect of listening to music on muscle activation during an isometric exercise task, and compare this effect to those of other attentional focus conditions. Apparently healthy subjects (n = 35; 16 men/19 women) completed an isometric elbow flexion task for 1 min in three randomized and counterbalanced conditions: internal focus (INT), external focus with a simple distraction task (EXT), or listening to music (MUS). Muscle activation of the biceps and triceps brachii and heart rate (HR) were recorded throughout the exercise tasks. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), affective valence, and motivation were measured at the end of each trial. There was no difference in muscle activation measures among the three conditions. HR during MUS was lower than EXT at 15 s ([89.4 ± 11.8] beats/min vs. [93.1 ± 12.9] beats/min; p = 0.018) and 30 s ([90.6 ± 12.4] beats/min vs. [94.2 ± 12.5] beats/min; p = 0.026), and lower than INT at 60 s ([93.3 ± 13.3] beats/min vs. [96.7 ± 12.0] beats/min; p = 0.016). Overall RPE was higher for INT (13.4 ± 2.2) than for MUS ([12.6 ± 2.0]; p = 0.020) and EXT ([11.94 ± 2.22]; p < 0.001). Affective valence was higher for MUS than for INT ([2.7 ± 1.4] vs. [2.1 ± 1.5]; p = 0.011). Manipulating attentional focus did not alter muscle activation for a light-intensity isometric muscular endurance task, though MUS was reported as more positive and requiring less exertion to complete than INT. Using music can therefore be recommended during light-intensity isometric exercise based on the psychological benefits observed.
{"title":"Music alters heart rate and psychological responses but not muscle activation during light-intensity isometric exercise","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.01.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Listening to music manipulates attention to be more externally focused, which has the potential to improve muscular efficiency. This study aimed to determine the effect of listening to music on muscle activation during an isometric exercise task, and compare this effect to those of other attentional focus conditions. Apparently healthy subjects (<em>n</em> = 35; 16 men/19 women) completed an isometric elbow flexion task for 1 min in three randomized and counterbalanced conditions: internal focus (INT), external focus with a simple distraction task (EXT), or listening to music (MUS). Muscle activation of the biceps and triceps brachii and heart rate (HR) were recorded throughout the exercise tasks. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), affective valence, and motivation were measured at the end of each trial. There was no difference in muscle activation measures among the three conditions. HR during MUS was lower than EXT at 15 s ([89.4 ± 11.8] beats/min vs. [93.1 ± 12.9] beats/min; <em>p</em> = 0.018) and 30 s ([90.6 ± 12.4] beats/min vs. [94.2 ± 12.5] beats/min; <em>p</em> = 0.026), and lower than INT at 60 s ([93.3 ± 13.3] beats/min vs. [96.7 ± 12.0] beats/min; <em>p</em> = 0.016). Overall RPE was higher for INT (13.4 ± 2.2) than for MUS ([12.6 ± 2.0]; <em>p</em> = 0.020) and EXT ([11.94 ± 2.22]; <em>p</em> < 0.001). Affective valence was higher for MUS than for INT ([2.7 ± 1.4] vs. [2.1 ± 1.5]; <em>p</em> = 0.011). Manipulating attentional focus did not alter muscle activation for a light-intensity isometric muscular endurance task, though MUS was reported as more positive and requiring less exertion to complete than INT. Using music can therefore be recommended during light-intensity isometric exercise based on the psychological benefits observed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666337624000088/pdfft?md5=47a49e15acab2e3457acc2f5e44c6f78&pid=1-s2.0-S2666337624000088-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142148196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.01.004
Denny Agustiningsih , Tri Wibawa
The benefits of physical activity and exercise, especially those classified as moderate-to-vigorous activity (MVPA), have been well-established in preventing non-communicable diseases and mental health problems in healthy adults. However, the relationship between physical activity and exercise and the prevention and management of acute respiratory infection (ARI), a global high-burden disease, has been inconclusive. There have been debates and disagreements among scientific publications regarding the relationship between exercise and immune response against the causative agents of ARI. This narrative review aims to explore the theory that sufficiently explains the correlation between exercise, immune response, and ARI. The potential root causes of discrepancies come from research associated with the “open window” hypothesis. The studies have several limitations, and future improvements to address them are urgently needed in the study design, data collection, exercise intervention, subject recruitment, biomarkers for infection and inflammation, nutritional and metabolism status, and in addressing confounding variables. In conclusion, data support the clinical advantages of exercise have a regulatory contribution toward improving the immune response, which in turn potentially protects humans fromARI. However, the hypothesis related to its negative effect must be adopted cautiously.
{"title":"Demystifying roles of exercise in immune response regulation against acute respiratory infections: A narrative review","authors":"Denny Agustiningsih , Tri Wibawa","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The benefits of physical activity and exercise, especially those classified as moderate-to-vigorous activity (MVPA), have been well-established in preventing non-communicable diseases and mental health problems in healthy adults. However, the relationship between physical activity and exercise and the prevention and management of acute respiratory infection (ARI), a global high-burden disease, has been inconclusive. There have been debates and disagreements among scientific publications regarding the relationship between exercise and immune response against the causative agents of ARI. This narrative review aims to explore the theory that sufficiently explains the correlation between exercise, immune response, and ARI. The potential root causes of discrepancies come from research associated with the “open window” hypothesis. The studies have several limitations, and future improvements to address them are urgently needed in the study design, data collection, exercise intervention, subject recruitment, biomarkers for infection and inflammation, nutritional and metabolism status, and in addressing confounding variables. In conclusion, data support the clinical advantages of exercise have a regulatory contribution toward improving the immune response, which in turn potentially protects humans fromARI. However, the hypothesis related to its negative effect must be adopted cautiously.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666337624000040/pdfft?md5=61261b8de738b12a9418618c5d08113f&pid=1-s2.0-S2666337624000040-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139537515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2023.12.008
Muhammed M. Atakan , Betül Atakan
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of acute Pilates and plyometric exercise in a school-based setting on attention and mathematics test performance in high school students. Forty 10th-grade students (21 females and 19 males; age: [15.0 ± 0.5] years, body mass index: [21.4 ± 2.8] kg/m2) participated in this crossover and quasi-experimental study. In week 1, students were familiarized with the d2 test of attention and Pilates and plyometric exercises activities, and body composition measurements were taken. In both weeks 2 and 3, students completed the d2 test of attention and mathematics test with 20 questions following a single session of low-to-moderate-intensity exercise and a classroom-based non-exercise activity, in a non-randomized order. The exercise sessions included 30 mins of plyometric exercises for male students and Pilates exercise for female students, with intensities corresponding to 10–14 on the Borg rating of perceived exertion scale6-20. Compared to the non-exercise activity, a 30-min of Pilates and plyometric exercise resulted in significant improvements in attention score (mean difference [Δ] = 54.5 score; p < 0.001; Cohen's effect sizes [d] = 1.26) and concentration performance (Δ = 20.7 score; p = 0.003; d = 0.51). The students scored significantly higher on the mathematics test after participating in the exercise sessions compared to the non-exercise condition (Δ% = 11.7; p < 0.001; d = 0.76). There were no significant differences between genders (p > 0.05). These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of acute light-to-moderate-intensity Pilates and plyometric exercises in school-based settings for improving attention and mathematics performance in adolescents.
{"title":"Acute Pilates and plyometric exercise in school-based settings improve attention and mathematics performance in high school students","authors":"Muhammed M. Atakan , Betül Atakan","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2023.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2023.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this study was to examine the effects of acute Pilates and plyometric exercise in a school-based setting on attention and mathematics test performance in high school students. Forty 10<sup>th</sup>-grade students (21 females and 19 males; age: [15.0 ± 0.5] years, body mass index: [21.4 ± 2.8] kg/m<sup>2</sup>) participated in this crossover and quasi-experimental study. In week 1, students were familiarized with the d2 test of attention and Pilates and plyometric exercises activities, and body composition measurements were taken. In both weeks 2 and 3, students completed the d2 test of attention and mathematics test with 20 questions following a single session of low-to-moderate-intensity exercise and a classroom-based non-exercise activity, in a non-randomized order. The exercise sessions included 30 mins of plyometric exercises for male students and Pilates exercise for female students, with intensities corresponding to 10–14 on the Borg rating of perceived exertion scale<sub>6-20</sub>. Compared to the non-exercise activity, a 30-min of Pilates and plyometric exercise resulted in significant improvements in attention score (mean difference [Δ] = 54.5 score; <em>p</em> < 0.001; Cohen's effect sizes [<em>d</em>] = 1.26) and concentration performance (Δ = 20.7 score; <em>p</em> = 0.003; <em>d</em> = 0.51). The students scored significantly higher on the mathematics test after participating in the exercise sessions compared to the non-exercise condition (Δ<em>%</em> = 11.7; <em>p</em> < 0.001; <em>d</em> = 0.76). There were no significant differences between genders (<em>p</em> > 0.05). These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of acute light-to-moderate-intensity Pilates and plyometric exercises in school-based settings for improving attention and mathematics performance in adolescents.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666337623001002/pdfft?md5=efa4a1734628882c7fb1a8f2de3a2f0a&pid=1-s2.0-S2666337623001002-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139194302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This scoping review aims (1) to map the literature dealing with neurophysiological and biomechanical aspects of back problems in athletes in order to identify valid risk-factors for their prevention, plus (2) to identify gaps in the existing research and propose suggestions for future studies. A literature search conducted with Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library was completed by Elsevier, SpringerLink and Google Scholar. The main neurophysiological risk factors identified leading to back problems in athletes are neuromuscular imbalance, increased muscle fatigability, muscle dysfunction and impaired motor control, whilst biomechanical risk factors include maladaptive spinal, spinopelvic and lower limb kinematics, side-to-side imbalances in axial strength and hip rotation range of motion, spinal overloading and deficits in movement pattern. However, most studies focused on back pain in the lumbar region, whereas less attention has been paid to thoracic and cervical spine problems. The range of sports where this topic has been studied is relatively small. There is a lack of research in sports in which the core muscles are highly involved in specific movements such as lifting weights or trunk rotations. A limited number of studies include female athletes and master athletes of both genders. In addition to chronic back pain patients, it is equally important to conduct research on healthy athletes with a predisposition to spine problems. Investigators should focus their empirical work on identifying modifiable risk factors, predict which athletes are at risk for back problems, and develop personalized sport-specific assessment tools and targeted prevention strategies for them.
This review was registered using the Open Science Framework Registries (https://osf.io/ha5n7).
本次范围界定综述旨在:(1)对涉及运动员背部问题的神经生理学和生物力学方面的文献进行梳理,以确定预防背部问题的有效风险因素;(2)找出现有研究中的不足之处,并为今后的研究提出建议。Elsevier、SpringerLink 和 Google Scholar 通过 Scopus、Web of Science、MEDLINE 和 Cochrane Library 完成了文献检索。已确定的导致运动员背部问题的主要神经生理风险因素包括神经肌肉失衡、肌肉疲劳度增加、肌肉功能障碍和运动控制能力受损,而生物力学风险因素包括脊柱、脊柱骨盆和下肢运动学适应不良、轴向力量和髋关节旋转运动范围的侧向失衡、脊柱超负荷和运动模式缺陷。然而,大多数研究集中于腰部的背痛,而对胸椎和颈椎问题的关注较少。对这一主题进行研究的运动范围相对较小。对核心肌肉高度参与举重或躯干旋转等特定动作的运动缺乏研究。包括女性运动员和男女运动员在内的研究数量有限。除了慢性背痛患者,对有脊柱问题倾向的健康运动员进行研究也同样重要。研究人员应将实证工作的重点放在确定可改变的风险因素、预测哪些运动员有背部问题的风险,并为他们开发针对特定运动的个性化评估工具和有针对性的预防策略上。本综述使用开放科学框架注册表(https://osf.io/ha5n7)注册。
{"title":"Potential neurophysiological and biomechanical risk factors for sport-related back problems: A scoping review","authors":"Erika Zemková , Banafsheh Amiri , Henrieta Horníková , Ludmila Zapletalová","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2023.12.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2023.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This scoping review aims (1) to map the literature dealing with neurophysiological and biomechanical aspects of back problems in athletes in order to identify valid risk-factors for their prevention, plus (2) to identify gaps in the existing research and propose suggestions for future studies. A literature search conducted with Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library was completed by Elsevier, SpringerLink and Google Scholar. The main neurophysiological risk factors identified leading to back problems in athletes are neuromuscular imbalance, increased muscle fatigability, muscle dysfunction and impaired motor control, whilst biomechanical risk factors include maladaptive spinal, spinopelvic and lower limb kinematics, side-to-side imbalances in axial strength and hip rotation range of motion, spinal overloading and deficits in movement pattern. However, most studies focused on back pain in the lumbar region, whereas less attention has been paid to thoracic and cervical spine problems. The range of sports where this topic has been studied is relatively small. There is a lack of research in sports in which the core muscles are highly involved in specific movements such as lifting weights or trunk rotations. A limited number of studies include female athletes and master athletes of both genders. In addition to chronic back pain patients, it is equally important to conduct research on healthy athletes with a predisposition to spine problems. Investigators should focus their empirical work on identifying modifiable risk factors, predict which athletes are at risk for back problems, and develop personalized sport-specific assessment tools and targeted prevention strategies for them.</p><p>This review was registered using the Open Science Framework Registries (<span>https://osf.io/ha5n7</span><svg><path></path></svg>).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666337623000987/pdfft?md5=614b607dd5869cef70e03fb647f1fe14&pid=1-s2.0-S2666337623000987-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139195753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-22DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2023.12.003
Tomé Edson dos Reis Moda , Ricardo Borges Viana , Rayra Khalinka Neves Dias , Eduardo Macedo Penna , Victor Silveira Coswig
There is a recent and growing interest in assessing differential responders to resistance training (RT) for diverse outcomes. Thus, the individual ability to respond to an intervention for a specific measurement, called responsiveness, remains to be better understood. Thus, the current study aimed to summarize the available information about the effects of RT on functional performance and muscle strength, power, and size in healthy adults, through the prevalence rate in different responsiveness classifications models. A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, CRD42021265378). PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Embase databases were systematically searched in October 2023. A total of 13 studies were included, totaling 921 subjects. Only two studies presented a low risk of bias. Regarding the effectiveness of RT, the prevalence rate for non-responders ranged from 0% to 44% for muscle strength, from 0% to 84% for muscle size, and from 0% to 42% for functional performance, while for muscle power, the only study found showed a responsiveness rate of 37%. In conclusion, a wide range of differential responders is described for all variables investigated. However, the evidence summarized in this systematic review suggested some caution while interpreting the findings, since the body of evidence found seems to be incipient, and widely heterogeneous in methodological and statistical aspects.
{"title":"Responsiveness of functional performance and muscle strength, power, and size to resistance training: A systematic review","authors":"Tomé Edson dos Reis Moda , Ricardo Borges Viana , Rayra Khalinka Neves Dias , Eduardo Macedo Penna , Victor Silveira Coswig","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2023.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2023.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There is a recent and growing interest in assessing differential responders to resistance training (RT) for diverse outcomes. Thus, the individual ability to respond to an intervention for a specific measurement, called responsiveness, remains to be better understood. Thus, the current study aimed to summarize the available information about the effects of RT on functional performance and muscle strength, power, and size in healthy adults, through the prevalence rate in different responsiveness classifications models. A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, CRD42021265378). PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Embase databases were systematically searched in October 2023. A total of 13 studies were included, totaling 921 subjects. Only two studies presented a low risk of bias. Regarding the effectiveness of RT, the prevalence rate for non-responders ranged from 0% to 44% for muscle strength, from 0% to 84% for muscle size, and from 0% to 42% for functional performance, while for muscle power, the only study found showed a responsiveness rate of 37%. In conclusion, a wide range of differential responders is described for all variables investigated. However, the evidence summarized in this systematic review suggested some caution while interpreting the findings, since the body of evidence found seems to be incipient, and widely heterogeneous in methodological and statistical aspects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666337623000951/pdfft?md5=2535c0cc888661d3a8a1fd6bbd25f80e&pid=1-s2.0-S2666337623000951-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139018496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2023.12.005
The study aims to investigate the differences in protein expressions in Xizang's (Tibetan) middle-to-long distance runners after the transition from high altitude to low altitude and reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying their enhanced middle-to-long distance running performance. In the study, eleven subjects were selected from native Tibetan middle-to-long distance runners to participate in an 8-week pre-competition exercise training program consisting of a 6-week training stage in Kangding City at an altitude of 2 560 meters (m) and a subsequent 2-week training stage in Leshan City at an altitude of 360 m. Blood samples were collected twice from the runners before beginning altitude exercise training in Kangding and after going to sea level - Leshan City. Using a label-free quantitative method, peptides in the samples were analyzed by mass spectrometry. Proteomic analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed proteins and predict their biological functions. A total of 846 proteins were identified in the 21 samples, including 719 quantified proteins. In total, 49 significantly differentially expressed proteins (p < 0.05) were identified, including twenty-eight 0.2-fold up-regulated proteins or twenty-one 0.17-fold down-regulated proteins. The up-regulated proteins, including cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and carbonic anhydrase I (CAI), were of particular interest due to their role in regulating the oxygen saturation in deep tissues. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis indicated that these proteins were mainly involved in regulating actin cytoskeleton, local adhesion, biotin absorption and metabolism, immune system, cancer, and membrane transport processes. In conclusion, Tibetan middle-to-long distance runners who resided in high-altitude areas benefited from repeated plateau-plain alternate training mode during the pre-competition period. The training mode induced positive changes in peripheral blood plasma proteins (CFTR and CAI), the biomarkers associated with aerobic capacity. Among the 11 runners, one female athlete won the gold medal in the 3 000-m running event in this competition, demonstrating that the plateau-plain alternate training mode could enhance the aerobic capacity of athletes.
{"title":"Protein expression changes in Tibetan middle-to-long distance runners after the transition from high altitude to low altitude: Implications for enhancing endurance training","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2023.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2023.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study aims to investigate the differences in protein expressions in Xizang's (Tibetan) middle-to-long distance runners after the transition from high altitude to low altitude and reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying their enhanced middle-to-long distance running performance. In the study, eleven subjects were selected from native Tibetan middle-to-long distance runners to participate in an 8-week pre-competition exercise training program consisting of a 6-week training stage in Kangding City at an altitude of 2 560 meters (m) and a subsequent 2-week training stage in Leshan City at an altitude of 360 m. Blood samples were collected twice from the runners before beginning altitude exercise training in Kangding and after going to sea level - Leshan City. Using a label-free quantitative method, peptides in the samples were analyzed by mass spectrometry. Proteomic analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed proteins and predict their biological functions. A total of 846 proteins were identified in the 21 samples, including 719 quantified proteins. In total, 49 significantly differentially expressed proteins (<em>p</em> < 0.05) were identified, including twenty-eight 0.2-fold up-regulated proteins or twenty-one 0.17-fold down-regulated proteins. The up-regulated proteins, including cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and carbonic anhydrase I (CAI), were of particular interest due to their role in regulating the oxygen saturation in deep tissues. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis indicated that these proteins were mainly involved in regulating actin cytoskeleton, local adhesion, biotin absorption and metabolism, immune system, cancer, and membrane transport processes. In conclusion, Tibetan middle-to-long distance runners who resided in high-altitude areas benefited from repeated plateau-plain alternate training mode during the pre-competition period. The training mode induced positive changes in peripheral blood plasma proteins (CFTR and CAI), the biomarkers associated with aerobic capacity. Among the 11 runners, one female athlete won the gold medal in the 3 000-m running event in this competition, demonstrating that the plateau-plain alternate training mode could enhance the aerobic capacity of athletes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666337623000975/pdfft?md5=58470a941ad9fe65979bce2289dddc56&pid=1-s2.0-S2666337623000975-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139014435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2023.12.004
Maria Doumparatzi, Panagiota Sotiriou, Asterios Deligiannis, Evangelia Kouidi
Electrocardiographic characteristics of children and adolescents present differences compared to adults. The aim of our work was to study electrocardiograms (ECGs) of football male players from childhood to late adolescence and examine if the ECG parameters are influenced by systematic exercise. One thousand fifty-four football players participated and formed four groups. Group A included 89 players aged 5–7 years, group B 353 players aged 8–11 years, group C consisted of 355 football players 12-15 yearsold and group D of 257 players with 16–18 years of age. All participants underwent preparticipation screening, including 12-lead surface ECG. Heart rate (HR), PR, RR, QRS, QT, QTc intervals, QT dispersion (QTdisp) and QRS axis were calculated. All ECGs were evaluated according to the current preparticipation cardiac screening guidelines, that refer to athletes aged 12–35 years and do not include pediatric players. Eleven percent of the participants presented an ECG finding. Group D obtained the lowest values of HR, QTc and the highest of PR, RR, QRS, QT intervals and QTdisp, whereas no differences in QRS axis were reported. Incomplete Right Bandle Branch Block (RBBB) was the most frequent ECG peculiarity, detected in 7.3% of the participants. Years of training were statistically significantly correlated to HR, PR, RR, QRS and QT intervals. In conclusion, guidelines for ECG interpretation of athletes in childhood, early and late adolescence are needed.
{"title":"Electrocardiographic characteristics of pediatric and adolescent football players","authors":"Maria Doumparatzi, Panagiota Sotiriou, Asterios Deligiannis, Evangelia Kouidi","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2023.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2023.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electrocardiographic characteristics of children and adolescents present differences compared to adults. The aim of our work was to study electrocardiograms (ECGs) of football male players from childhood to late adolescence and examine if the ECG parameters are influenced by systematic exercise. One thousand fifty-four football players participated and formed four groups. Group A included 89 players aged 5–7 years, group B 353 players aged 8–11 years, group C consisted of 355 football players 12-15 yearsold and group D of 257 players with 16–18 years of age. All participants underwent preparticipation screening, including 12-lead surface ECG. Heart rate (HR), PR, RR, QRS, QT, QTc intervals, QT dispersion (QTdisp) and QRS axis were calculated. All ECGs were evaluated according to the current preparticipation cardiac screening guidelines, that refer to athletes aged 12–35 years and do not include pediatric players. Eleven percent of the participants presented an ECG finding. Group D obtained the lowest values of HR, QTc and the highest of PR, RR, QRS, QT intervals and QTdisp, whereas no differences in QRS axis were reported. Incomplete Right Bandle Branch Block (RBBB) was the most frequent ECG peculiarity, detected in 7.3% of the participants. Years of training were statistically significantly correlated to HR, PR, RR, QRS and QT intervals. In conclusion, guidelines for ECG interpretation of athletes in childhood, early and late adolescence are needed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666337623000963/pdfft?md5=07e254697d2eee89a1be92eb2c9c2d11&pid=1-s2.0-S2666337623000963-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139019467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}