The purposes of this systematic review and meta-analysis of peer-reviewed literature were to examine the chronic effects of resistance training with blood flow restriction (RT-BFR) on hemodynamics, and to compare these adaptations to those induced by traditional resistance training (TRT) programs in adults (PROSPERO: Registry: CRD42022339510). A literature search was conducted across PubMed, Sports Discus, Scielo, and Web of Science databases. Two independent reviewers extracted study characteristics and blood pressure measures. Risk of bias (The Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized controlled trials [RoB-2]), and the certainty of the evidence (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation [GRADE]) were used. A total of eight studies met the inclusion criteria for systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Regarding the comparison of RT-BFR vs. non-exercise, no significant differences favoring the exercise group were observed (p > 0.05). However, when compared to TRT, RT-BFR elicited additional improvements on DBP (−3.35; 95%CI -6.00 to −0.71; I2 = 14%; z = −2.48, p = 0.01), and on MAP (−3.96; 95%CI -7.94 to 0.02; I2 = 43%; z = −1.95, p = 0.05). Results indicate that RT-BFR may elicit a decrease in DBP in comparison with TRT, but the lack of data addressing this topic makes any conclusion speculative. Future research on this topic is warranted.
{"title":"Chronic hemodynamic adaptations induced by resistance training with and without blood flow restriction in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Allison Russo , Giorjines Boppre , Cristine Schmidt , Lucimere Bohn","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2023.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2023.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The purposes of this systematic review and meta-analysis of peer-reviewed literature were to examine the chronic effects of resistance training with blood flow restriction (RT-BFR) on hemodynamics, and to compare these adaptations to those induced by traditional resistance training (TRT) programs in adults (PROSPERO: Registry: CRD42022339510). A literature search was conducted across PubMed, Sports Discus, Scielo, and Web of Science databases. Two independent reviewers extracted study characteristics and blood pressure measures. Risk of bias (The Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized controlled trials [RoB-2]), and the certainty of the evidence (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation [GRADE]) were used. A total of eight studies met the inclusion criteria for systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Regarding the comparison of RT-BFR <em>vs.</em> non-exercise, no significant differences favoring the exercise group were observed (<em>p</em> > 0.05). However, when compared to TRT, RT-BFR elicited additional improvements on DBP (−3.35; 95%<em>CI</em> -6.00 to −0.71; <em>I</em><sup><em>2</em></sup> = 14%; <em>z</em> = −2.48, <em>p</em> = 0.01), and on MAP (−3.96; 95%<em>CI</em> -7.94 to 0.02; <em>I</em><sup><em>2</em></sup> = 43%; <em>z</em> = −1.95, <em>p</em> = 0.05). Results indicate that RT-BFR may elicit a decrease in DBP in comparison with TRT, but the lack of data addressing this topic makes any conclusion speculative. Future research on this topic is warranted.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666337623000677/pdfft?md5=f44dd6af4420f7776de73be9013321f4&pid=1-s2.0-S2666337623000677-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135349116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2023.03.007
Mabliny Thuany , Douglas Vieira , Elias Villiger , Thayse Natacha Gomes , Katja Weiss , Pantelis T. Nikolaidis , Caio Victor Sousa , Volker Scheer , Beat Knechtle
This study aimed to investigate the trends of finishers in the São Silvestre race in Brazil, taking into account sex, age, and performance levels. A total of 31 775 runners (women, n = 13 847; men, n = 17 928), aged (45.2 ± 16.8) years, finishers in the São Silvestre race between 2007 and 2021, were considered in the present analysis. Data (event year, date of birth, sex, and race times) were downloaded from the official race website. The man-Whitney U test, Spearman correlation, and robust regression model were computed. Participation increased over time for both sexes. Regarding age groups, “31–40 years” (women) and “> 60 years” (men) were those with the highest number of finishers. We found a decrease in performance across the years (β = 2.45; p < 0.005), as well as significant differences in race times for both sexes (U = 42.844; p < 0.001), with men presenting better performances than women. Over time, it was observed an increase in the performance gap between the sexes, but in general, the performance decreased (β = 1.76; p < 0.001). Stakeholders should consider improving the strategies to improve women and young people's participation in running events.
本研究旨在根据性别、年龄和成绩水平,调查巴西圣西尔维斯特比赛完赛者的趋势。本分析共考虑了 31 775 名选手(女性,n = 13 847;男性,n = 17 928),年龄为(45.2 ± 16.8)岁,均为 2007 年至 2021 年期间参加圣西尔维斯特比赛的完赛选手。数据(赛事年份、出生日期、性别和比赛时间)从赛事官方网站下载。计算了人-惠特尼 U 检验、斯皮尔曼相关性和稳健回归模型。随着时间的推移,男女参赛人数都有所增加。在年龄组方面,"31-40 岁"(女性)和"> 60 岁"(男性)是完赛人数最多的年龄组。我们发现,男女运动员的成绩逐年下降(β = 2.45; p <0.005),比赛时间也存在显著差异(U = 42.844; p <0.001),男性运动员的成绩好于女性运动员。随着时间的推移,男女之间的成绩差距有所扩大,但总的来说,成绩有所下降 (β = 1.76; p < 0.001)。利益相关者应考虑改进战略,提高妇女和年轻人参加跑步比赛的积极性。
{"title":"An analysis of the São Silvestre race between 2007–2021: An increase in participation but a decrease in performance","authors":"Mabliny Thuany , Douglas Vieira , Elias Villiger , Thayse Natacha Gomes , Katja Weiss , Pantelis T. Nikolaidis , Caio Victor Sousa , Volker Scheer , Beat Knechtle","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2023.03.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2023.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to investigate the trends of finishers in the São Silvestre race in Brazil, taking into account sex, age, and performance levels. A total of 31 775 runners (women, <em>n</em> = 13 847; men, <em>n</em> = 17 928), aged (45.2 ± 16.8) years, finishers in the São Silvestre race between 2007 and 2021, were considered in the present analysis. Data (event year, date of birth, sex, and race times) were downloaded from the official race website. The man-Whitney <em>U</em> test, Spearman correlation, and robust regression model were computed. Participation increased over time for both sexes. Regarding age groups, “31–40 years” (women) and “> 60 years” (men) were those with the highest number of finishers. We found a decrease in performance across the years (<em>β</em> = 2.45; <em>p</em> < 0.005), as well as significant differences in race times for both sexes (<em>U</em> = 42.844; <em>p</em> < 0.001), with men presenting better performances than women. Over time, it was observed an increase in the performance gap between the sexes, but in general, the performance decreased (<em>β</em> = 1.76; <em>p</em> < 0.001). Stakeholders should consider improving the strategies to improve women and young people's participation in running events.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666337623000276/pdfft?md5=75ffd4ba9bd49cd2af3851d58054b11f&pid=1-s2.0-S2666337623000276-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41539741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2023.08.003
Kyle D. Flack, Robert E. Anderson III, Kylie F. McFee, Bridgette T. Day
Deficits in the impulse control system are an important predictor of energy intake and body weight. Adults classified as overweight to obese may possess these deficits as a general behavioral trait or they may be food-specific. The present study assessed motor impulsivity (ability to suppress a pre-potent response) when presented with food and neutral (non-food) cues, testing if deficits in motor impulsivity is specific to food cues or a general trait among participants classified as overweight to obese. The proportion of inhibitory failures to no-go targets following food cues (10.8%) was significantly greater than the proportion of inhibitory failures to no-go targets following neutral cues (1.9%, p < 0.001). These differences remained when covering for sex and hunger. This indicates deficits in food-specific impulse control (as opposed to general impulse control) are present in those classified as overweight to obese. Understanding the specific aspect of impulse control that is present in this population is needed for the development of future impulse control training interventions that seek to change eating behaviors as a means for weight control.
{"title":"Characterizing motor impulsivity of individuals classified as overweight to obese","authors":"Kyle D. Flack, Robert E. Anderson III, Kylie F. McFee, Bridgette T. Day","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2023.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2023.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Deficits in the impulse control system are an important predictor of energy intake and body weight. Adults classified as overweight to obese may possess these deficits as a general behavioral trait or they may be food-specific. The present study assessed motor impulsivity (ability to suppress a pre-potent response) when presented with food and neutral (non-food) cues, testing if deficits in motor impulsivity is specific to food cues or a general trait among participants classified as overweight to obese. The proportion of inhibitory failures to no-go targets following food cues (10.8%) was significantly greater than the proportion of inhibitory failures to no-go targets following neutral cues (1.9%, <em>p</em> < 0.001). These differences remained when covering for sex and hunger. This indicates deficits in food-specific impulse control (as opposed to general impulse control) are present in those classified as overweight to obese. Understanding the specific aspect of impulse control that is present in this population is needed for the development of future impulse control training interventions that seek to change eating behaviors as a means for weight control.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666337623000513/pdfft?md5=c73e712420603e87cb25c3b8746d47d2&pid=1-s2.0-S2666337623000513-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47477346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2023.12.007
Carolina Freitas da Silva, Morun Bernardino-Neto, T. Fidale, Anibal Monteiro de Magalhães Neto, João Rafael Valentim-Silva, Yuri Karaccas de Carvalho, Rodrigo Daminello Raimundo, L. D. de Abreu, Romeu Paulo Martins Silva, N. Penha-Silva
{"title":"Comparison of physiological and biochemical changes in old and young hyperglycemic rats submitted to aerobic exercise and anabolic steroid use","authors":"Carolina Freitas da Silva, Morun Bernardino-Neto, T. Fidale, Anibal Monteiro de Magalhães Neto, João Rafael Valentim-Silva, Yuri Karaccas de Carvalho, Rodrigo Daminello Raimundo, L. D. de Abreu, Romeu Paulo Martins Silva, N. Penha-Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2023.12.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smhs.2023.12.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139195865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2023.09.010
Yagmur Unalmis, Surhat Muniroglu
One of the objectives of this study is to determine the effect of the eight-week fascial therapy program on flexibility, vertical jump, standing long jump, speed and anaerobic strength parameters in taekwondo athletes. Another aim of the research is to create a therapy protocol that can be used in athletes related to performance development through the relaxation of the fascial system, which is considered an indicator of physical fitness and has numerous functions in the body. This study included 32 taekwondo players who were licensed, actively attending taekwondo training. In the study, two groups were formed as fascial therapy group (FTG) (n = 16) and control group (CG) (n = 16). After the groups were randomized, fascial relaxation techniques were applied to the fascial therapy group for eight weeks, up to twice a week, and for 30 min. According to the findings obtained as a result of the research, FTG ([−0.36 ± 0.17] seconds [s]) for the 20 m (m) Sprint (T2–T1) had a lower mean time than CG (0.00 ± 0.07) s, FTG (0.06 ± 1.95) for the Flamingo Balance Test (T2–T1) had a lower mean fall than CG (1.25 ± 1.13), FTG ([3.56 ± 2.37] centimeters [cm]) for the Sit & Reach Test (T2–T1) had a lower mean fall than CG ([−0.19 ± 1.28] cm), FTG ([5.75 ± 2.54] cm) had a higher jump distance than CG ([1.88 ± 8.11] cm) according to the results of Vertical Jump Test (T2–T1) and finally FTG ([9.13 ± 5.56] cm) had a longer distance than CG ([−0.31 ± 1.85] cm) according to the results of Standing Long Jump Test (T2-T1). The result of our study has shown that fascial techniques can be used safely by experienced physiotherapists and can be included in the training program. It is recommended that coaches of sports disciplines work with experienced physiotherapists on this subject and include fascial methods in their training programs.
{"title":"Examination of the effect of fascial therapy on some physical fitness parameters in taekwondo athletes","authors":"Yagmur Unalmis, Surhat Muniroglu","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2023.09.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2023.09.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>One of the objectives of this study is to determine the effect of the eight-week fascial therapy program on flexibility, vertical jump, standing long jump, speed and anaerobic strength parameters in taekwondo athletes. Another aim of the research is to create a therapy protocol that can be used in athletes related to performance development through the relaxation of the fascial system, which is considered an indicator of physical fitness and has numerous functions in the body. This study included 32 taekwondo players who were licensed, actively attending taekwondo training. In the study, two groups were formed as fascial therapy group (FTG) (<em>n</em> = 16) and control group (CG) (<em>n</em> = 16). After the groups were randomized, fascial relaxation techniques were applied to the fascial therapy group for eight weeks, up to twice a week, and for 30 min. According to the findings obtained as a result of the research, FTG ([−0.36 ± 0.17] seconds [s]) for the 20 m (m) Sprint (T2–T1) had a lower mean time than CG (0.00 ± 0.07) s, FTG (0.06 ± 1.95) for the Flamingo Balance Test (T2–T1) had a lower mean fall than CG (1.25 ± 1.13), FTG ([3.56 ± 2.37] centimeters [cm]) for the Sit & Reach Test (T2–T1) had a lower mean fall than CG ([−0.19 ± 1.28] cm), FTG ([5.75 ± 2.54] cm) had a higher jump distance than CG ([1.88 ± 8.11] cm) according to the results of Vertical Jump Test (T2–T1) and finally FTG ([9.13 ± 5.56] cm) had a longer distance than CG ([−0.31 ± 1.85] cm) according to the results of Standing Long Jump Test (T2-T1). The result of our study has shown that fascial techniques can be used safely by experienced physiotherapists and can be included in the training program. It is recommended that coaches of sports disciplines work with experienced physiotherapists on this subject and include fascial methods in their training programs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666337623000719/pdfft?md5=3b91aef1e4c2e274bd609d1e6a463814&pid=1-s2.0-S2666337623000719-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134993818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2023.11.001
Shen Liu , Jiafu Tang , Guangjun Hu , Yinghong Xiong , Weixiu Ji , Daqi Xu
As a new means of rehabilitation, blood flow restriction training (BFRT) is widely used in the field of musculoskeletal rehabilitation. To observe whether BFRT can improve the efficacy of routine rehabilitation intervention in patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI). Twenty-three patients with CAI were randomly divided into a routine rehabilitation group (RR Group) and a routine rehabilitation + blood flow restriction training group (RR + BFRT Group) according to the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) score. The RR Group was treated with routine rehabilitation means for intervention, and the RR + BFRT Group was treated with a tourniquet to restrict lower limb blood flow for rehabilitation training based on routine training. Before and after the intervention, the CAIT score on the affected side, standing time on one leg with eyes closed, comprehensive scores of the Y-balance test, and surface electromyography data of tibialis anterior (TA) and peroneus longus (PL) were collected to evaluate the recovery of the subjects. Patients were followed up 1 year after the intervention. After 4 weeks of intervention, the RR + BFRT Group CAIT score was significantly higher than the RR Group (19.33 VS 16.73, p < 0.05), the time of standing on one leg with eyes closed and the comprehensive score of Y-balance were improved, but there was no statistical difference between groups (p > 0.05). RR + BFRT Group increased the muscle activation of the TA with maximum exertion of the ankle dorsal extensor (p < 0.05) and had no significant change in the muscle activation of the PL with maximum exertion of the ankle valgus (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of resprains within 1 year between the groups (36.36% VS 16.67%, p > 0.05). The incidence of ankle pain in the RR + BFRT Group was lower than that in the RR Group (63.64% VS 9.09%, p < 0.01). Therefore, four-weeks BFRT improves the effect of the routine intervention, and BFRT-related interventions are recommended for CAI patients with severe ankle muscle mass impairment or severe pain.
作为一种新的康复手段,血流限制训练(BFRT)在肌肉骨骼康复领域得到了广泛应用。为了观察血流限制训练是否能提高慢性踝关节不稳定(CAI)患者常规康复干预的疗效。根据坎伯兰踝关节不稳定性工具(CAIT)评分,将23名CAI患者随机分为常规康复组(RR组)和常规康复+血流限制训练组(RR+BFRT组)。RR 组采用常规康复手段进行干预治疗,RR + BFRT 组在常规训练的基础上采用止血带限制下肢血流进行康复训练。干预前后,收集患侧 CAIT 评分、闭眼单腿站立时间、Y 平衡测试综合评分、胫骨前肌(TA)和腓骨长肌(PL)表面肌电图数据,以评估受试者的恢复情况。干预1年后对患者进行随访。干预4周后,RR + BFRT组的CAIT评分明显高于RR组(19.33 VS 16.73, p <0.05),闭眼单腿站立时间和Y-平衡综合评分有所改善,但组间无统计学差异(p >0.05)。RR+BFRT组在踝关节背伸最大用力时增加了TA的肌肉激活(p <0.05),而在踝关节外翻最大用力时PL的肌肉激活无明显变化(p >0.05)。两组在 1 年内的再损伤发生率无明显差异(36.36% VS 16.67%,p > 0.05)。RR + BFRT 组的踝关节疼痛发生率低于 RR 组(63.64% VS 9.09%,P < 0.01)。因此,为期四周的BFRT能提高常规干预的效果,建议对踝关节肌肉严重受损或疼痛严重的CAI患者进行BFRT相关干预。
{"title":"Blood flow restriction training improves the efficacy of routine intervention in patients with chronic ankle instability","authors":"Shen Liu , Jiafu Tang , Guangjun Hu , Yinghong Xiong , Weixiu Ji , Daqi Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2023.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2023.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As a new means of rehabilitation, blood flow restriction training (BFRT) is widely used in the field of musculoskeletal rehabilitation. To observe whether BFRT can improve the efficacy of routine rehabilitation intervention in patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI). Twenty-three patients with CAI were randomly divided into a routine rehabilitation group (RR Group) and a routine rehabilitation + blood flow restriction training group (RR + BFRT Group) according to the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) score. The RR Group was treated with routine rehabilitation means for intervention, and the RR + BFRT Group was treated with a tourniquet to restrict lower limb blood flow for rehabilitation training based on routine training. Before and after the intervention, the CAIT score on the affected side, standing time on one leg with eyes closed, comprehensive scores of the Y-balance test, and surface electromyography data of tibialis anterior (TA) and peroneus longus (PL) were collected to evaluate the recovery of the subjects. Patients were followed up 1 year after the intervention. After 4 weeks of intervention, the RR + BFRT Group CAIT score was significantly higher than the RR Group (19.33 VS 16.73, <em>p</em> < 0.05), the time of standing on one leg with eyes closed and the comprehensive score of Y-balance were improved, but there was no statistical difference between groups (<em>p</em> > 0.05). RR + BFRT Group increased the muscle activation of the TA with maximum exertion of the ankle dorsal extensor (<em>p</em> < 0.05) and had no significant change in the muscle activation of the PL with maximum exertion of the ankle valgus (<em>p</em> > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of resprains within 1 year between the groups (36.36% VS 16.67%, <em>p</em> > 0.05). The incidence of ankle pain in the RR + BFRT Group was lower than that in the RR Group (63.64% VS 9.09%, <em>p</em> < 0.01). Therefore, four-weeks BFRT improves the effect of the routine intervention, and BFRT-related interventions are recommended for CAI patients with severe ankle muscle mass impairment or severe pain.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666337623000811/pdfft?md5=4b5548bb99964401f548960172e28121&pid=1-s2.0-S2666337623000811-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139293916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-22DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2023.10.007
Xinye Wu , D. Clark Dickin , Laura Bassette , Caroline Ashton , He Wang
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often exhibit motor deficits that increase their risk of falls. There is a lack of understanding regarding gait biomechanics demonstrated by older children with ASD. The purpose of the study was to determine differences in gait patterns between older children with ASD and typically developing children. Eleven children with ASD and 11 age- and gender-matched typically developing children were recruited for the study. Participants walked on a force-instrumented treadmill at a constant speed (1.1 m/s - 1.2 m/s) for five minutes (min). Participants performed maximal voluntary contractions to assess their knee muscular strength. Differences between individuals with ASD and matched control participants were examined through paired t-tests with a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. Individuals with ASD demonstrated a smaller knee extensor torque compared to controls (p = 0.002). Participants with ASD exhibited a shorter stride length (p = 0.04), a greater cadence (p = 0.03), and a higher variation in stride width (p = 0.04) compared to control participants. The individuals with ASD experienced a greater braking ground reaction force (p = 0.03) during loading response. The results indicate older children with ASD develop a unique gait pattern signified by a reduced stride length, increased cadence, and an increase of variation in stride width. This unique gait pattern may represent a movement strategy used by the individuals with ASD to compensate for the weakness associated with their knee extensor muscles. Individuals with ASD who demonstrate these unique gait deviations may face reduced postural stability and an increased risk of fall-related injuries.
{"title":"Clinical gait analysis in older children with autism spectrum disorder","authors":"Xinye Wu , D. Clark Dickin , Laura Bassette , Caroline Ashton , He Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2023.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2023.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often exhibit motor deficits that increase their risk of falls. There is a lack of understanding regarding gait biomechanics demonstrated by older children with ASD. The purpose of the study was to determine differences in gait patterns between older children with ASD and typically developing children. Eleven children with ASD and 11 age- and gender-matched typically developing children were recruited for the study. Participants walked on a force-instrumented treadmill at a constant speed (1.1 m/s - 1.2 m/s) for five minutes (min). Participants performed maximal voluntary contractions to assess their knee muscular strength. Differences between individuals with ASD and matched control participants were examined through paired <em>t</em>-tests with a significance level of <em>p</em> ≤ 0.05. Individuals with ASD demonstrated a smaller knee extensor torque compared to controls (<em>p</em> = 0.002). Participants with ASD exhibited a shorter stride length (<em>p</em> = 0.04), a greater cadence (<em>p</em> = 0.03), and a higher variation in stride width (<em>p</em> = 0.04) compared to control participants. The individuals with ASD experienced a greater braking ground reaction force (<em>p</em> = 0.03) during loading response. The results indicate older children with ASD develop a unique gait pattern signified by a reduced stride length, increased cadence, and an increase of variation in stride width. This unique gait pattern may represent a movement strategy used by the individuals with ASD to compensate for the weakness associated with their knee extensor muscles. Individuals with ASD who demonstrate these unique gait deviations may face reduced postural stability and an increased risk of fall-related injuries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666337623000793/pdfft?md5=b6ca6aa36862b101e7d6110284918ad3&pid=1-s2.0-S2666337623000793-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139304645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2023.10.002
Previously, it was suggested that biological maturation (BM) could be linked to cardiac autonomic recovery (CAR) in the pediatric population. However, this influence hasn’t been confirmed yet. Our aim was to investigate the impact of BM on CAR in female volleyball players. Experimental study with a sample of 38 volleyball players, comprising 20 girls (age: [11.6 ± 2.1] years) and 18 women (age: [24.5 ± 5.5] years), we analyzed BM, comparing maturing subjects (girls) with mature subjects (women). Additionally, we assessed peak height velocity (PHV) in girls. We conducted a training session involving repeated sprints (3 rounds of 6 sprints interspersed by 5 min [min] of passive rest). Using short-range radio telemetry, we analyzed CAR during (at the end of the 1st and 2nd rounds) and after (following the 3rd round) the training session of repeated sprints by applying the 60-s to 300-s heart rate recovery index (HRR-Index). Girls exhibited superior CAR compared to women (round 2: 60-s, 120-s, 240-s, and 300-s, p < 0.005). Subgroup analyses of BM indicated that individuals in the Late-PHV stage demonstrated superior CAR compared to those in the Early-PHV and During-PHV groups. (60-s to 300-s, η2p > 0.4, p < 0.05). Subjects in the During-PHV stage were superior to those in the Early-PHV stage (240-s á 300-s, η2p > 0.4, p < 0.05). We have concluded that biological maturation has a significant impact on cardiac autonomic recovery.
{"title":"Influence of biological maturation on cardiac autonomic recovery in female volleyball players during & after repeated sprints training: An experimental trial","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2023.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2023.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Previously, it was suggested that biological maturation (BM) could be linked to cardiac autonomic recovery (CAR) in the pediatric population. However, this influence hasn’t been confirmed yet. Our aim was to investigate the impact of BM on CAR in female volleyball players. Experimental study with a sample of 38 volleyball players, comprising 20 girls (age: [11.6 ± 2.1] years) and 18 women (age: [24.5 ± 5.5] years), we analyzed BM, comparing maturing subjects (girls) with mature subjects (women). Additionally, we assessed peak height velocity (PHV) in girls. We conducted a training session involving repeated sprints (3 rounds of 6 sprints interspersed by 5 min [min] of passive rest). Using short-range radio telemetry, we analyzed CAR during (at the end of the 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> rounds) and after (following the 3<sup>rd</sup> round) the training session of repeated sprints by applying the 60-s to 300-s heart rate recovery index (HRR-Index). Girls exhibited superior CAR compared to women (round 2: 60-s, 120-s, 240-s, and 300-s, <em>p</em> < 0.005). Subgroup analyses of BM indicated that individuals in the Late-PHV stage demonstrated superior CAR compared to those in the Early-PHV and During-PHV groups. (60-s to 300-s, <em>η</em><sup><em>2</em></sup><em>p</em> > 0.4, <em>p</em> < 0.05). Subjects in the During-PHV stage were superior to those in the Early-PHV stage (240-s á 300-s, <em>η</em><sup><em>2</em></sup> <em>p</em> > 0.4, <em>p</em> < 0.05). We have concluded that biological maturation has a significant impact on cardiac autonomic recovery.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666337623000744/pdfft?md5=b944fdf0be09c3737f233f58cabab3e0&pid=1-s2.0-S2666337623000744-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135763450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Proprioception is significantly impaired in knee osteoarthritis (KOA), contributing to reduced functionality. Strength training (ST) is essential in KOA by improving muscle strength, although it may also be effective in improving proprioception. The purpose was to determine the effect of ST on knee proprioception in KOA patients. Pubmed, CINAHL, Scopus, WOS, and PEDro were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (inception to March 2023). Comparisons for ST were physical exercise different from ST, non-exercise-based interventions, and no intervention. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale, and risk of bias (RoB) using the Cochrane tool. Meta-analyses were performed by comparison groups using the standardized mean difference (SMD) (Hedge's g) with random effects models, also considering subgroups by proprioception tests. Finally, six RCTs were included. The mean PEDro score was 6.3, and the highest proportion of biases corresponds to performance, selection, and detection. The meta-analysis indicated that only when compared with non-intervention, ST significantly improved knee proprioception for the joint position sense (JPS) (active + passive), JPS (passive), and threshold to detect passive motion (TTDPM) subgroups (g = −1.33 [-2.33, −0.32], g = −2.29 [-2.82, −1.75] and g = −2.40 [-4.23, −0.58], respectively). However, in the knee JPS (active) subgroup, ST was not significant (g = −0.72 [-1.84, 0.40]). In conclusion, ST improves knee proprioception compared to non-intervention. However, due to the paucity of studies and diversity of interventions, more evidence is needed to support the effectiveness of ST. Future RCTs may address the limitations of this review to advance knowledge about proprioceptive responses to ST and contribute to clinical practice.
膝关节骨性关节炎(KOA)患者的本体感觉严重受损,导致功能减退。力量训练(ST)对改善膝关节骨性关节炎患者的肌肉力量至关重要,但它也可能有效改善本体感觉。本研究旨在确定力量训练对 KOA 患者膝关节本体感觉的影响。在 Pubmed、CINAHL、Scopus、WOS 和 PEDro 上检索了随机对照试验(RCT)(开始时间至 2023 年 3 月)。ST的比较对象包括不同于ST的体育锻炼、非体育锻炼干预和无干预。方法学质量采用PEDro量表进行评估,偏倚风险(RoB)采用Cochrane工具进行评估。使用标准化平均差(SMD)(Hedge's g)和随机效应模型按比较组进行 Meta 分析,同时还考虑了本体感觉测试的分组情况。最后,纳入了六项 RCT。PEDro 的平均得分为 6.3,偏差比例最高的是表现、选择和检测。荟萃分析表明,只有与非干预相比,ST 才能显著改善关节位置感(JPS)(主动 + 被动)、关节位置感(JPS)(被动)和被动运动检测阈值(TTDPM)亚组的膝关节本体感觉(g = -1.33 [-2.33, -0.32], g = -2.29 [-2.82, -1.75] 和 g = -2.40 [-4.23, -0.58])。然而,在膝关节 JPS(活动)亚组中,ST 的作用并不显著(g = -0.72 [-1.84, 0.40])。总之,与不干预相比,ST 可改善膝关节本体感觉。然而,由于研究较少且干预措施多样,还需要更多证据来证明 ST 的有效性。未来的研究性试验可能会解决本综述的局限性,从而增进对ST本体感觉反应的了解,并为临床实践做出贡献。
{"title":"Effect of strength training on knee proprioception in patients with knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Francisco Guede-Rojas , Alexis Benavides-Villanueva , Sergio Salgado-González , Cristhian Mendoza , Gonzalo Arias-Álvarez , Adolfo Soto-Martínez , Claudio Carvajal-Parodi","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2023.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2023.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Proprioception is significantly impaired in knee osteoarthritis (KOA), contributing to reduced functionality. Strength training (ST) is essential in KOA by improving muscle strength, although it may also be effective in improving proprioception. The purpose was to determine the effect of ST on knee proprioception in KOA patients. Pubmed, CINAHL, Scopus, WOS, and PEDro were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (inception to March 2023). Comparisons for ST were physical exercise different from ST, non-exercise-based interventions, and no intervention. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale, and risk of bias (RoB) using the Cochrane tool. Meta-analyses were performed by comparison groups using the standardized mean difference (SMD) (Hedge's <em>g</em>) with random effects models, also considering subgroups by proprioception tests. Finally, six RCTs were included. The mean PEDro score was 6.3, and the highest proportion of biases corresponds to performance, selection, and detection. The meta-analysis indicated that only when compared with non-intervention, ST significantly improved knee proprioception for the joint position sense (JPS) (active + passive), JPS (passive), and threshold to detect passive motion (TTDPM) subgroups (<em>g</em> = −1.33 [-2.33, −0.32], <em>g</em> = −2.29 [-2.82, −1.75] and <em>g</em> = −2.40 [-4.23, −0.58], respectively). However, in the knee JPS (active) subgroup, ST was not significant (<em>g</em> = −0.72 [-1.84, 0.40]). In conclusion, ST improves knee proprioception compared to non-intervention. However, due to the paucity of studies and diversity of interventions, more evidence is needed to support the effectiveness of <span>ST</span>. Future RCTs may address the limitations of this review to advance knowledge about proprioceptive responses to ST and contribute to clinical practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266633762300077X/pdfft?md5=46a54efb0138d8c04acecdd20e485fff&pid=1-s2.0-S266633762300077X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135509592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2023.10.006
Douglas A.T. Santos, Naiane S. Morais, Ricardo B. Viana, Gustavo C.T. Costa, Marilia S. Andrade, Rodrigo L. Vancini, Katja Weiss, Beat Knechtle, Claudio A.B. de Lira
{"title":"Comparison of physiological and psychobiological acute responses between high intensity functional training and high intensity continuous training","authors":"Douglas A.T. Santos, Naiane S. Morais, Ricardo B. Viana, Gustavo C.T. Costa, Marilia S. Andrade, Rodrigo L. Vancini, Katja Weiss, Beat Knechtle, Claudio A.B. de Lira","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2023.10.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smhs.2023.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136129164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}