We investigated the effects of high-intensity intermittent cross-training (HIICT) on maximal oxygen uptake (O2max). The HIICT consisted of alternating intermittent 20-s treadmill running (1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th bouts) and 20-s bicycle exercise (2nd, 4th, and 6th bouts) with a 10-s rest period. Each intensity for running and bicycling of the HIICT corresponded to an oxygen demand of ∼160% and ∼170% of the O2max, respectively. Fifteen healthy young males (aged [24 ± 1] yrs) were randomly assigned to training (TG, n = 8) and non-training control (CG, n = 7) groups. The TG completed this HIICT daily 4 days/week for 6 weeks. Significant group × time interactions were observed for both the running and bicycling O2max (p < 0.001 each). After the training, the O2max for both running ([57.4 ± 4.8] mL·kg−1·min−1) and bicycling ([50.6 ± 3.7] mL·kg−1·min−1) in the TG were significantly higher than those for running ([50.1 ± 3.1] mL·kg−1·min−1) and bicycling ([43.7 ± 3.6] mL·kg−1·min−1) in the CG, respectively (p < 0.01 each). Post-hoc tests revealed a significant increase in O2max for running and bicycling in the TG after the HIICT (p < 0.001 each) but no significant difference in the CG. These results demonstrated that the newly developed HIICT increases the O2max for both running and bicycling.
我们研究了高强度间歇交叉训练（HIICT）对最大摄氧量（V˙O2max）的影响。HIICT包括交替间歇20秒的跑步机跑步（第1、3、5和7回合）和20秒的自行车运动（第2、4和6回合），休息时间为10秒。HIICT的跑步和骑自行车的每个强度分别对应于V˙O2max的~ 160%和~ 170%的需氧量。15例健康青年男性（年龄[24±1]岁）随机分为训练组（TG, n = 8）和非训练对照组（CG, n = 7）。TG每天完成HIICT，每周4天，持续6周。跑步和骑自行车均观察到显著的组×时间相互作用V˙O2max (p <；0.001每个)。训练结束后，跑步组（[57.4±4.8]mL·kg−1·min−1）和自行车组（[50.6±3.7]mL·kg−1·min−1）的V˙O2max均显著高于跑步组（[50.1±3.1]mL·kg−1·min−1）和自行车组（[43.7±3.6]mL·kg−1·min−1）(p <；0.01每个)。事后测试显示，HIICT后TG中跑步和骑自行车的V˙O2max显著增加(p <；0.001)，但CG无显著差异。这些结果表明，新开发的HIICT增加了跑步和骑自行车的V˙O2max。
{"title":"Effects of high-intensity intermittent cross-training on maximal oxygen uptake","authors":"Xin Liu, Katsunori Tsuji, Yuzhong Xu, Motoyuki Iemitsu, Izumi Tabata","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigated the effects of high-intensity intermittent cross-training (HIICT) on maximal oxygen uptake (<span><math><mrow><mover><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover></mrow></math></span>O<sub>2</sub>max). The HIICT consisted of alternating intermittent 20-s treadmill running (1<sup>st</sup>, 3<sup>rd</sup>, 5<sup>th</sup>, and 7<sup>th</sup> bouts) and 20-s bicycle exercise (2<sup>nd</sup>, 4<sup>th</sup>, and 6<sup>th</sup> bouts) with a 10-s rest period. Each intensity for running and bicycling of the HIICT corresponded to an oxygen demand of ∼160% and ∼170% of the <span><math><mrow><mover><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover></mrow></math></span>O<sub>2</sub>max, respectively. Fifteen healthy young males (aged [24 ± 1] yrs) were randomly assigned to training (TG, <em>n</em> = 8) and non-training control (CG, <em>n</em> = 7) groups. The TG completed this HIICT daily 4 days/week for 6 weeks. Significant group × time interactions were observed for both the running and bicycling <span><math><mrow><mover><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover></mrow></math></span>O<sub>2</sub>max (<em>p</em> < 0.001 each). After the training, the <span><math><mrow><mover><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover></mrow></math></span>O<sub>2</sub>max for both running ([57.4 ± 4.8] mL·kg<sup>−1</sup>·min<sup>−1</sup>) and bicycling ([50.6 ± 3.7] mL·kg<sup>−1</sup>·min<sup>−1</sup>) in the TG were significantly higher than those for running ([50.1 ± 3.1] mL·kg<sup>−1</sup>·min<sup>−1</sup>) and bicycling ([43.7 ± 3.6] mL·kg<sup>−1</sup>·min<sup>−1</sup>) in the CG, respectively (<em>p</em> < 0.01 each). Post-hoc tests revealed a significant increase in <span><math><mrow><mover><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover></mrow></math></span>O<sub>2</sub>max for running and bicycling in the TG after the HIICT (<em>p</em> < 0.001 each) but no significant difference in the CG. These results demonstrated that the newly developed HIICT increases the <span><math><mrow><mover><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover></mrow></math></span>O<sub>2</sub>max for both running and bicycling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"7 3","pages":"Pages 185-189"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143139737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-01Epub Date: 2024-06-08DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.06.005
Victoria A. Zaborova , Evgenii I. Balakin , Ksenia A. Yurku , Olga E. Aprishko , Vasiliy I. Pustovoyt
Improving the efficiency of athletic performance and reducing the likelihood of overtraining are primarily determined goals that can be achieved by the correct organization of the training process. The nature of adaptation to physical stress is associated with the specificity, focus, and degree of biochemical and functional changes that occur during muscular work. In this study, we aimed to develop a diagnostic model for predicting metabolic processes in athletes based on standard biochemical blood analysis indicators. The study involved athletes from the track and field athletics team (men, n = 42, average age was [22.55 ± 3.68] years). Blood samples were collected in the morning at the beginning and end of the training week during the annual cycle. During the entire period, 3 625 laboratory parameter tests were conducted. Capillary blood sampling in athletes was conducted from the distal phalanx of the finger after overnight fasting, according to standard diagnostic procedures. To determine the predominance of anabolic or catabolic processes, equations were derived from a linear discriminant function. The discriminant function of predicting metabolic processes in athletes has a high information capacity (92.1%), as confirmed by the biochemical results of neuroendocrine system activity, which characterized the body's stage of adaptive regulatory mechanisms in response to stress factors. The classification matrix used to predict the metabolic processes based on the results of the discriminant function calculation demonstrates the statistical significance of the model (p < 0.01). Consequently, an informative mathematical model was developed, which enabled the reliable and timely prediction of the prevalence of one of the metabolic activity phases in the athlete's body. The use of the developed model will also allow us to assess the nature of adaptation to specific muscular work, identify an athlete's weaknesses, forecast the success of their performance, and timely adjust both the training process and the recovery program.
{"title":"Model for predicting metabolic activity in athletes based on biochemical blood test analysis","authors":"Victoria A. Zaborova , Evgenii I. Balakin , Ksenia A. Yurku , Olga E. Aprishko , Vasiliy I. Pustovoyt","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.06.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improving the efficiency of athletic performance and reducing the likelihood of overtraining are primarily determined goals that can be achieved by the correct organization of the training process. The nature of adaptation to physical stress is associated with the specificity, focus, and degree of biochemical and functional changes that occur during muscular work. In this study, we aimed to develop a diagnostic model for predicting metabolic processes in athletes based on standard biochemical blood analysis indicators. The study involved athletes from the track and field athletics team (men, <em>n</em> = 42, average age was [22.55 ± 3.68] years). Blood samples were collected in the morning at the beginning and end of the training week during the annual cycle. During the entire period, 3 625 laboratory parameter tests were conducted. Capillary blood sampling in athletes was conducted from the distal phalanx of the finger after overnight fasting, according to standard diagnostic procedures. To determine the predominance of anabolic or catabolic processes, equations were derived from a linear discriminant function. The discriminant function of predicting metabolic processes in athletes has a high information capacity (92.1%), as confirmed by the biochemical results of neuroendocrine system activity, which characterized the body's stage of adaptive regulatory mechanisms in response to stress factors. The classification matrix used to predict the metabolic processes based on the results of the discriminant function calculation demonstrates the statistical significance of the model (<em>p</em> < 0.01). Consequently, an informative mathematical model was developed, which enabled the reliable and timely prediction of the prevalence of one of the metabolic activity phases in the athlete's body. The use of the developed model will also allow us to assess the nature of adaptation to specific muscular work, identify an athlete's weaknesses, forecast the success of their performance, and timely adjust both the training process and the recovery program.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"7 3","pages":"Pages 202-207"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141404822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01Epub Date: 2024-04-25DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.04.006
Sunggun Jeon , Stephanie A. Sontag , Lyric D. Richardson , Alex A. Olmos , Michael A. Trevino
This study examined the repeated bout effect (RBE) on muscle damage markers following two bouts of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in untrained individuals. Following familiarization, participants received 45 consecutive NMES to the biceps brachii at an intensity that produced low evoked force for the elbow flexors. Muscle damage markers (maximal voluntary isometric contraction [MVIC], elbow range of motion [ROM], muscle soreness via visual analogue scale [VAS] scores, pressure pain threshold [PPT], and muscle thickness) were measured before (PRE), after (POST), 1 day after (24 POST), and 2 days after (48 POST) NMES. Following 1 week of rest, procedures were replicated. Separate repeated measures two-way ANOVAs examined each measure. There were no interactions or bout main effects for MVIC or ROM. Time main effects indicated PRE MVIC was greater than POST (p = 0.002) and 24-POST (p = 0.024), and PRE ROM was greater than POST (p = 0.036). There was no interaction for muscle thickness. Respective time and bout main effects indicated muscle thickness at PRE was less than POST (p = 0.017), and second-bout muscle thickness (p = 0.050) was less compared to the initial-bout. For PPT, there was an interaction (p = 0.019). Initial-bout PRE PPT was less than POST (p = 0.033). Initial-bout 48-POST PPT was less than second-bout 48-POST (p = 0.037). There was a significant interaction for VAS (p = 0.009). Initial-bout PRE VAS was less than POST (p = 0.033) and 24-POST (p = 0.015). Initial-bout POST and 24-POST VAS were greater than second-bout POST (p = 0.023) and 24-POST (p = 0.006), respectively. The results support RBE on muscle damage markers related to inflammation, but not MVIC and ROM.
{"title":"Neuromuscular electrical stimulation producing low evoked force elicits the repeated bout effect on muscle damage markers of the elbow flexors","authors":"Sunggun Jeon , Stephanie A. Sontag , Lyric D. Richardson , Alex A. Olmos , Michael A. Trevino","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.04.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examined the repeated bout effect (RBE) on muscle damage markers following two bouts of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in untrained individuals. Following familiarization, participants received 45 consecutive NMES to the biceps brachii at an intensity that produced low evoked force for the elbow flexors. Muscle damage markers (maximal voluntary isometric contraction [MVIC], elbow range of motion [ROM], muscle soreness via visual analogue scale [VAS] scores, pressure pain threshold [PPT], and muscle thickness) were measured before (PRE), after (POST), 1 day after (24 POST), and 2 days after (48 POST) NMES. Following 1 week of rest, procedures were replicated. Separate repeated measures two-way ANOVAs examined each measure. There were no interactions or bout main effects for MVIC or ROM. Time main effects indicated PRE MVIC was greater than POST (<em>p</em> = 0.002) and 24-POST (<em>p</em> = 0.024), and PRE ROM was greater than POST (<em>p</em> = 0.036). There was no interaction for muscle thickness. Respective time and bout main effects indicated muscle thickness at PRE was less than POST (<em>p</em> = 0.017), and second-bout muscle thickness (<em>p</em> = 0.050) was less compared to the initial-bout. For PPT, there was an interaction (<em>p</em> = 0.019). Initial-bout PRE PPT was less than POST (<em>p</em> = 0.033). Initial-bout 48-POST PPT was less than second-bout 48-POST (<em>p</em> = 0.037). There was a significant interaction for VAS (<em>p</em> = 0.009). Initial-bout PRE VAS was less than POST (<em>p</em> = 0.033) and 24-POST (<em>p</em> = 0.015). Initial-bout POST and 24-POST VAS were greater than second-bout POST (<em>p</em> = 0.023) and 24-POST (<em>p</em> = 0.006), respectively. The results support RBE on muscle damage markers related to inflammation, but not MVIC and ROM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 124-131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140771526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01Epub Date: 2024-06-07DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.06.004
Maria Ramoneda-Rabat , Josep Medina-Casanovas , Maria Betina Nishishinya Aquino , Myriam Guerra-Balic
Impairments on body function, activities of daily living (ADL) and cognition are common after stroke. Eccentric resistance training (ERT) may be implemented to improve them.
The primary objectives were to evaluate whether ERT improves body function, ADL and cognition after stroke. The secondary objectives were to evaluate whether ERT improves strength, gait, quality of life, and self-perceived health.
Seven electronic databases were searched: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Stroke Group Trials Register, PubMed, Epistemonikos, Embase, SPORTDiscus, and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Last search was run in December 2023, including studies since 2012.
Selection criteria were studies with stroke participants of both sexes, aged 18 or more, with an intervention based on ERT. Accepted languages were English, Spanish or French.
First search was done in pairs. Authors removed duplicate studies and those which did not meet inclusion criteria through title and abstracts. Finally, all authors, independently, screened the final search results and extracted data.
Of 68 records identified, 15 were eligible and 6 were finally included (with moderate risk of bias), analyzing 159 participants. Body function (4 interventions, n = 84), gait (4 interventions, n = 115) and strength (3 interventions, n = 78) showed significantly better results when ERT was performed. Meta-analysis could not be done because of the few studies and their heterogeneity.
This review provided low-moderate quality evidence suggesting that ERT might be effective at improving body function, strength, and gait after stroke. Besides, no harm was documented, and it was well-accepted.
{"title":"Effects of eccentric resistance training after stroke on body function, activities of daily living and cognitive function: A review","authors":"Maria Ramoneda-Rabat , Josep Medina-Casanovas , Maria Betina Nishishinya Aquino , Myriam Guerra-Balic","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Impairments on body function, activities of daily living (ADL) and cognition are common after stroke. Eccentric resistance training (ERT) may be implemented to improve them.</div><div>The primary objectives were to evaluate whether ERT improves body function, ADL and cognition after stroke. The secondary objectives were to evaluate whether ERT improves strength, gait, quality of life, and self-perceived health.</div><div>Seven electronic databases were searched: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Stroke Group Trials Register, PubMed, Epistemonikos, Embase, SPORTDiscus, and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Last search was run in December 2023, including studies since 2012.</div><div>Selection criteria were studies with stroke participants of both sexes, aged 18 or more, with an intervention based on ERT. Accepted languages were English, Spanish or French.</div><div>First search was done in pairs. Authors removed duplicate studies and those which did not meet inclusion criteria through title and abstracts. Finally, all authors, independently, screened the final search results and extracted data.</div><div>Of 68 records identified, 15 were eligible and 6 were finally included (with moderate risk of bias), analyzing 159 participants. Body function (4 interventions, <em>n</em> = 84), gait (4 interventions, <em>n</em> = 115) and strength (3 interventions, <em>n</em> = 78) showed significantly better results when ERT was performed. Meta-analysis could not be done because of the few studies and their heterogeneity.</div><div>This review provided low-moderate quality evidence suggesting that ERT might be effective at improving body function, strength, and gait after stroke. Besides, no harm was documented, and it was well-accepted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 85-101"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141397590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01Epub Date: 2024-08-20DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.08.002
Massimo Coretti , Nathalia Nahas Donatello , Gianluca Bianco , Francisco J. Cidral-Filho
High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) has gained prominence as a time-efficient and effective exercise modality to improve cardiovascular (CV) fitness, metabolic health, and physical performance. Therefore, our aim was to synthesize current clinical research on the effects of HIIT on the Autonomic Nervous System. We conducted the search for studies in the Directory of Open Access Journals, Embase, Virtual Health Library, Pubmed, and Scielo databases, in January of 2024. We included a total of 20 studies in our review. This literature review highlights the potential of HIIT to modulate the Autonomic Nervous System, enhancing CV function and overall health. Despite the promising findings, the interpretation of the results is tempered by the variability in study designs, populations, and methodologies. Future research should address these limitations, aiming for a more nuanced understanding of the relationship between HIIT and Autonomic Nervous System function. The review indicates that standardized protocols need to consider individual characteristics and baseline autonomic states for clinical application. As the body of evidence grows, HIIT may emerge as a cornerstone of exercise prescriptions aimed at optimizing autonomic function and promoting CV health.
{"title":"An integrative review of the effects of high-intensity interval training on the autonomic nervous system","authors":"Massimo Coretti , Nathalia Nahas Donatello , Gianluca Bianco , Francisco J. Cidral-Filho","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) has gained prominence as a time-efficient and effective exercise modality to improve cardiovascular (CV) fitness, metabolic health, and physical performance. Therefore, our aim was to synthesize current clinical research on the effects of HIIT on the Autonomic Nervous System. We conducted the search for studies in the Directory of Open Access Journals, Embase, Virtual Health Library, Pubmed, and Scielo databases, in January of 2024. We included a total of 20 studies in our review. This literature review highlights the potential of HIIT to modulate the Autonomic Nervous System, enhancing CV function and overall health. Despite the promising findings, the interpretation of the results is tempered by the variability in study designs, populations, and methodologies. Future research should address these limitations, aiming for a more nuanced understanding of the relationship between HIIT and Autonomic Nervous System function. The review indicates that standardized protocols need to consider individual characteristics and baseline autonomic states for clinical application. As the body of evidence grows, HIIT may emerge as a cornerstone of exercise prescriptions aimed at optimizing autonomic function and promoting CV health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 77-84"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11726037/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142984898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed (1) to describe the experience of adolescents and adults using FitSpirit asynchronous virtual (V) exercise videos that target adolescent girls, (2) to compare physical activity (PA) levels and exercise-related self-perception variables among groups (2019 in-person [IP], 2021 IP, and 2021 V) of adolescent girls, and (3) to assess the association between the adolescents’ PA levels and their exercise-related self-perception in response to IP (pre-pandemic and during pandemic) and V (during pandemic) FitSpirit exercise modes. Regarding the first aim, 28 adolescent girls ([15.5 ± 0.8] years old) and 29 adult women ([33.0 ± 10.3] years old) experienced the V exercise mode. For the second and third aims, 376 girls ([15.3 ± 1.7] years old) participated IP in 2019 (pre-pandemic), 339 girls ([14.9 ± 1.6] years old) participated IP in 2021 (during the pandemic), and 27 girls ([15.5 ± 0.8] years old) watched V FitSpirit exercise videos in 2021 (during the pandemic). Data was collected using online questionnaires. Chi-square (χ2) and Pearson tests were performed. Adults (76%) had a significantly higher intention to use FitSpirit exercise videos again than adolescents (14%) (p < 0.001). For IP exercise mode, we observed significant correlations between PA levels and being proud (r = 0.08, p = 0.046), feeling good (r = 0.14, p < 0.001), and being disappointed (r = −0.12, p < 0.001). For the V exercise mode, there were no significant correlations. In conclusion, better exercise-related self-perception was only correlated to PA levels when IP training was offered. These first findings support IP training for adolescent girls when the pandemic situation allows it.
本研究旨在(1)描述青少年和成人使用FitSpirit针对青春期女孩的异步虚拟(V)运动视频的体验，(2)比较青春期女孩群体（2019年面对面[IP]， 2021年IP和2021年V）的身体活动（PA）水平和运动相关的自我感知变量。(3)评估青少年在IP（大流行前和大流行期间）和V（大流行期间）FitSpirit运动模式下PA水平与运动相关自我知觉之间的关系。针对第一个目标，28名少女（[15.5±0.8]岁）和29名成年女性（[33.0±10.3]岁）经历了V运动模式。对于第二和第三个目标，2019年（大流行前）有376名女孩（[15.3±1.7]岁）参加了IP， 2021年（大流行期间）有339名女孩（[14.9±1.6]岁）参加了IP， 2021年（大流行期间）有27名女孩（[15.5±0.8]岁）观看了V FitSpirit运动视频。数据是通过在线问卷收集的。采用χ2检验和Pearson检验。成年人（76%）再次使用FitSpirit运动视频的意愿明显高于青少年（14%）(p <；0.001)。对于IP运动模式，我们观察到PA水平与骄傲（r = 0.08, p = 0.046），感觉良好(r = 0.14, p <；0.001),和失望(r =−0.12,p & lt;0.001)。对于V运动模式，没有显著的相关性。综上所述，当进行IP训练时，更好的运动相关自我知觉仅与PA水平相关。这些初步发现支持在大流行情况允许的情况下对少女进行知识产权培训。
{"title":"Exercise-related self-perception, physical activity and intention to in-person and virtual activities among adolescent girls","authors":"Shirko Ahmadi , Jo-Anne Gilbert , Mélysiane Marcotte , Roseane de Fátima Guimarães , Marie-Eve Mathieu","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.03.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed (1) to describe the experience of adolescents and adults using FitSpirit asynchronous virtual (V) exercise videos that target adolescent girls, (2) to compare physical activity (PA) levels and exercise-related self-perception variables among groups (2019 in-person [IP], 2021 IP, and 2021 V) of adolescent girls, and (3) to assess the association between the adolescents’ PA levels and their exercise-related self-perception in response to IP (pre-pandemic and during pandemic) and V (during pandemic) FitSpirit exercise modes. Regarding the first aim, 28 adolescent girls ([15.5 ± 0.8] years old) and 29 adult women ([33.0 ± 10.3] years old) experienced the V exercise mode. For the second and third aims, 376 girls ([15.3 ± 1.7] years old) participated IP in 2019 (pre-pandemic), 339 girls ([14.9 ± 1.6] years old) participated IP in 2021 (during the pandemic), and 27 girls ([15.5 ± 0.8] years old) watched V FitSpirit exercise videos in 2021 (during the pandemic). Data was collected using online questionnaires. Chi-square (<em>χ</em><sup><em>2</em></sup>) and Pearson tests were performed. Adults (76%) had a significantly higher intention to use FitSpirit exercise videos again than adolescents (14%) (<em>p</em> < 0.001). For IP exercise mode, we observed significant correlations between PA levels and being proud (<em>r</em> = 0.08, <em>p</em> = 0.046), feeling good (<em>r</em> = 0.14, <em>p</em> < 0.001), and being disappointed (<em>r</em> = −0.12, <em>p</em> < 0.001). For the V exercise mode, there were no significant correlations. In conclusion, better exercise-related self-perception was only correlated to PA levels when IP training was offered. These first findings support IP training for adolescent girls when the pandemic situation allows it.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 109-115"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140761953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01Epub Date: 2024-04-26DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.04.004
Melani R. Kelly , Dawn M. Emerson , Toni M. Torres-McGehee , Nancy A. Uriegas , Matthew O. Smith , Kevin Kloesel , Allison B. Smith
Marching band (MB) artists are often part of the general student population and not required to complete a pre-participation health screening to identify predisposing medical conditions or risks for injury/illness. Anecdotally, exertional heat illnesses (EHI) are a concern for MB artists. As more athletic trainers provide MB healthcare, research is needed on EHI occurrence and MB associated EHI risk factors. We utilized an exploratory cross-sectional study design to determine EHI risk factors, including previous EHI occurrence, among collegiate MB artists. MB artists (n = 1 207; age = [19.6 ± 1.3] years) actively participating in their college/university's MB during the 2019 football season completed an online survey to characterize demographics, medical history, medication and supplement use, and nutrition behaviors. Chi-square and binomial logistical regressions assessed associations between categorical variables. Previous EHI was reported by 50.6% of MB artists, with 466 (76.3%) experiencing exertional heat exhaustion and 31 (5.1%) exertional heat stroke. More females reported exertional heat exhaustion overall (68.2%, p < 0.001) and in the previous year (73.3%, p < 0.001). Experiencing a previous EHI was significantly associated with having a mood/neurological condition (63.5%, p < 0.001), diagnosed (74.3%, p = 0.004) or perceived eating disorder (66.7%, p < 0.001), and taking prescription medications (59.4%, p < 0.001), over-the-counter medications (58.9%, p = 0.002), and supplements (55.4%, p = 0.037). Half of collegiate MB artists reported experiencing previous EHIs and engaged in behaviors known to increase EHI risk. MB artists should complete pre-participation examinations to identify pre-existing medical conditions and risks for adverse medical events. Healthcare providers working with MB artists should develop policies and procedures to mitigate EHI risks and occurrence.
游行乐队（MB）艺术家通常是一般学生群体的一部分，不需要完成参加前的健康检查，以确定易患的医疗状况或受伤/疾病的风险。有趣的是，劳累性热病（EHI）是MB艺术家所关心的问题。随着越来越多的运动教练提供MB保健，需要研究EHI的发生和与MB相关的EHI危险因素。我们采用探索性横断面研究设计来确定大学MB艺术家中EHI的危险因素，包括以前的EHI发生情况。MB艺人(n = 1 207；年龄=[19.6±1.3]岁)在2019年足球赛季期间积极参加其所在学院/大学的MB，完成了一项在线调查，以描述人口统计学，病史，药物和补充剂使用以及营养行为。卡方和二项逻辑回归评估了分类变量之间的关联。50.6%的MB艺人曾报告过EHI，其中466人（76.3%）经历过劳累性中暑，31人（5.1%）经历过劳累性中暑。总体而言，更多的女性报告了劳累性热衰竭（68.2%,pp p = 0.004）或饮食失调（66.7%,pp p = 0.002），以及补充剂（55.4%,p = 0.037）。一半的大学MB艺术家报告说，他们以前经历过EHI，并从事已知会增加EHI风险的行为。MB艺术家应完成参加前检查，以确定已有的医疗状况和不良医疗事件的风险。与MB艺术家合作的医疗保健提供者应制定政策和程序，以减轻EHI的风险和发生。
{"title":"Self-reported exertional heat illness and risk factors among collegiate marching band artists","authors":"Melani R. Kelly , Dawn M. Emerson , Toni M. Torres-McGehee , Nancy A. Uriegas , Matthew O. Smith , Kevin Kloesel , Allison B. Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Marching band (MB) artists are often part of the general student population and not required to complete a pre-participation health screening to identify predisposing medical conditions or risks for injury/illness. Anecdotally, exertional heat illnesses (EHI) are a concern for MB artists. As more athletic trainers provide MB healthcare, research is needed on EHI occurrence and MB associated EHI risk factors. We utilized an exploratory cross-sectional study design to determine EHI risk factors, including previous EHI occurrence, among collegiate MB artists. MB artists (<em>n</em> = 1 207; age = [19.6 ± 1.3] years) actively participating in their college/university's MB during the 2019 football season completed an online survey to characterize demographics, medical history, medication and supplement use, and nutrition behaviors. Chi-square and binomial logistical regressions assessed associations between categorical variables. Previous EHI was reported by 50.6% of MB artists, with 466 (76.3%) experiencing exertional heat exhaustion and 31 (5.1%) exertional heat stroke. More females reported exertional heat exhaustion overall (68.2%, <em>p</em> < 0.001) and in the previous year (73.3%, <em>p</em> < 0.001). Experiencing a previous EHI was significantly associated with having a mood/neurological condition (63.5%, <em>p</em> < 0.001), diagnosed (74.3%, <em>p</em> = 0.004) or perceived eating disorder (66.7%, <em>p</em> < 0.001), and taking prescription medications (59.4%, <em>p</em> < 0.001), over-the-counter medications (58.9%, <em>p</em> = 0.002), and supplements (55.4%, <em>p</em> = 0.037). Half of collegiate MB artists reported experiencing previous EHIs and engaged in behaviors known to increase EHI risk. MB artists should complete pre-participation examinations to identify pre-existing medical conditions and risks for adverse medical events. Healthcare providers working with MB artists should develop policies and procedures to mitigate EHI risks and occurrence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 132-142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11726051/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142984904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01Epub Date: 2024-03-07DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.03.002
Biswajit Chaki, Sangita Pal, Sreya Chattopadhyay, Amit Bandyopadhyay
The present investigation examined the influence of age and pubertal transition on magnitude of muscle damage and inflammatory response following high intensity incremental treadmill running till volitional exhaustion in sixty-four sedentary prepubertal (n = 32) and postpubertal (n = 32) boys who were randomly recruited in the study. Muscle damage and inflammatory markers like creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotranferase (AST), C–Reactive Protein (CRP) and Interleukin-6 (IL–6) were estimated before and after exercise. Serum CK, LDH, AST, ALT, CRP and IL–6 levels significantly increased after exercise in both the groups in comparison to respective pre–exercise values. Although CK, LDH, CRP and IL–6 responses were significantly higher in postpubertal boys, no intergroup variation was noted in post-exercise ALT activity. Age and body mass index (BMI) had significant positive correlation with post-exercise CK, LDH, AST, CRP, and IL–6 levels. Muscle injury and inflammation were significantly higher in postpubertal boys, suggesting a rise in these responses as a function of age and muscle mass during onset of puberty. Post–exercise release pattern of ALT was not influenced by age and puberty. Data also revealed that concentric endurance exercise did not induce extensive muscle damage and inflammation in both the groups. Drastic elevation in IL–6 level despite lower muscle damage implied that this marker was released from contracting muscle fibers independent of muscle damage and acute inflammation. The magnitude of this post–exercise IL–6 release increased as a function of age and BMI.
{"title":"Influence of puberty on high intensity exercise induced skeletal muscle damage and inflammatory response in sedentary boys","authors":"Biswajit Chaki, Sangita Pal, Sreya Chattopadhyay, Amit Bandyopadhyay","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present investigation examined the influence of age and pubertal transition on magnitude of muscle damage and inflammatory response following high intensity incremental treadmill running till volitional exhaustion in sixty-four sedentary prepubertal (<em>n</em> = 32) and postpubertal (<em>n</em> = 32) boys who were randomly recruited in the study. Muscle damage and inflammatory markers like creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotranferase (AST), C–Reactive Protein (CRP) and Interleukin-6 (IL–6) were estimated before and after exercise. Serum CK, LDH, AST, ALT, CRP and IL–6 levels significantly increased after exercise in both the groups in comparison to respective pre–exercise values. Although CK, LDH, CRP and IL–6 responses were significantly higher in postpubertal boys, no intergroup variation was noted in post-exercise ALT activity. Age and body mass index (BMI) had significant positive correlation with post-exercise CK, LDH, AST, CRP, and IL–6 levels. Muscle injury and inflammation were significantly higher in postpubertal boys, suggesting a rise in these responses as a function of age and muscle mass during onset of puberty. Post–exercise release pattern of ALT was not influenced by age and puberty. Data also revealed that concentric endurance exercise did not induce extensive muscle damage and inflammation in both the groups. Drastic elevation in IL–6 level despite lower muscle damage implied that this marker was released from contracting muscle fibers independent of muscle damage and acute inflammation. The magnitude of this post–exercise IL–6 release increased as a function of age and BMI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 116-123"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140282859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01Epub Date: 2024-04-04DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.04.001
Chen-Chan Wei , M. Brennan Harris , Mengxin Ye , Andrew Nicholls , Ahmad Alkhatib , Luthfia Dewi , Chih-Yang Huang , Chia-Hua Kuo
Constipation is correlated with diminished cognitive function, revealing a possible rectum-brain connection. In this counter-balanced crossover trial, 13 elite triathletes underwent a Stroop test to assess cognitive function and executive control. The Stroop test was conducted both with and without magnesium oxide intake, with a 1-week washout period between sessions. Oxygenation and blood distribution during the cognitive challenge were measured using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS). Measurements were taken in both the prefrontal brain and the sub-navel region, where the highest glucose uptake was detected under the 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan. A significant reduction in completion time for the Stroop test was observed after defecation compared to the non-defecated condition (non-defecation: [27.1 ± 1.1] s; non-magnesium defecation: [24.4 ± 0.9] s; magnesium defecation: [23.4 ± 0.8] s, p < 0.05). Stroop test performance was improved in all (100%, 13/13) of the participants after magnesium-induced defecation and most (69%, 9/13) of the participants after non-magnesium-induced defecation. While no alterations in oxygenation and blood distribution were observed in the prefrontal brain during the Stroop test, decreased oxygenation levels were observed in the sub-navel region under both defecated conditions, without significant changes in blood distribution (p < 0.05). This data suggests an acute increase in oxygen consumption at this specific region. The result of this study suggests an unexplored causal link between the state of the rectum and cognitive performance. Magnesium supplementation to improved rectal emptying presents a novel application for optimizing cognitive function in athletes navigating intricate racing conditions.
便秘与认知功能下降有关，这表明直肠与大脑可能存在联系。在这项平衡交叉试验中，13名优秀的铁人三项运动员接受了Stroop测试，以评估认知功能和执行控制。Stroop试验在摄入和不摄入氧化镁的情况下进行，两组之间有1周的洗脱期。使用近红外光谱（NIRS）测量认知挑战期间的氧合和血液分布。在前额叶脑和脐下区域进行测量，在18f -氟脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射断层扫描（PET）扫描下检测到最高的葡萄糖摄取。与未排便组相比，排便后Stroop测试完成时间显著缩短(未排便：[27.1±1.1]s；无镁排便：[24.4±0.9]s；镁排便：[23.4±0.8]s, p <；0.05)。所有受试者（100%,13/13）在镁诱导排便后的Stroop测试成绩均有改善，大部分受试者（69%,9/13）在非镁诱导排便后的Stroop测试成绩有改善。在Stroop试验中，前额叶脑的氧合水平和血液分布没有变化，但在排便两种情况下，脐下区域的氧合水平都有所下降，血液分布没有明显变化(p <；0.05)。这一数据表明，这一特定区域的耗氧量急剧增加。这项研究的结果表明，直肠状态和认知表现之间存在一种尚未被探索的因果关系。镁的补充，以改善直肠排空提出了一个新的应用，以优化认知功能的运动员导航复杂的比赛条件。
{"title":"Defecation after magnesium supplementation enhances cognitive performance in triathletes","authors":"Chen-Chan Wei , M. Brennan Harris , Mengxin Ye , Andrew Nicholls , Ahmad Alkhatib , Luthfia Dewi , Chih-Yang Huang , Chia-Hua Kuo","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Constipation is correlated with diminished cognitive function, revealing a possible rectum-brain connection. In this counter-balanced crossover trial, 13 elite triathletes underwent a Stroop test to assess cognitive function and executive control. The Stroop test was conducted both with and without magnesium oxide intake, with a 1-week washout period between sessions. Oxygenation and blood distribution during the cognitive challenge were measured using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS). Measurements were taken in both the prefrontal brain and the sub-navel region, where the highest glucose uptake was detected under the 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan. A significant reduction in completion time for the Stroop test was observed after defecation compared to the non-defecated condition (non-defecation: [27.1 ± 1.1] s; non-magnesium defecation: [24.4 ± 0.9] s; magnesium defecation: [23.4 ± 0.8] s, <em>p</em> < 0.05). Stroop test performance was improved in all (100%, 13/13) of the participants after magnesium-induced defecation and most (69%, 9/13) of the participants after non-magnesium-induced defecation. While no alterations in oxygenation and blood distribution were observed in the prefrontal brain during the Stroop test, decreased oxygenation levels were observed in the sub-navel region under both defecated conditions, without significant changes in blood distribution (<em>p</em> < 0.05). This data suggests an acute increase in oxygen consumption at this specific region. The result of this study suggests an unexplored causal link between the state of the rectum and cognitive performance. Magnesium supplementation to improved rectal emptying presents a novel application for optimizing cognitive function in athletes navigating intricate racing conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 102-108"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140763769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01Epub Date: 2024-03-21DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.03.006
Yu Qian , Zhenglong Bu , Yang Qin , Shiyuan Qian , Lu Qin , Siqi Zhou , Qingda Wang , Longjun Xian , Lei Hu , Yimei Xiong , Yingying Zhang , Chun Wang
The integration of exercise prescriptions into cancer adjuvant therapy presents challenges stemming from the ambiguity surrounding the precise mechanism through which exercise intervention mitigates the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) mortality and recurrence. Elucidation of this specific mechanism has substantial social and clinical implications. In this study, tumor-bearing mice engaged in voluntary wheel running exhibited a notable decrease in tumor growth, exceeding 30%. Microarray analysis revealed an upregulation of cytokine-related pathways as a potential explanation for this effect. The inclusion of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was found to enhance tumor cell proliferation, while the absence of GM-CSF resulted in a marked inhibition of tumor cell growth. The findings suggest that exercise-induced serum from mice can impede the proliferation of mouse tumor cells, with the adipokine chemerin inhibiting the growth factor GM-CSF. Additionally, exercise was found to stimulate chemerin secretion by brown adipose tissue. Chemerin suppression led to a reduction in the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. The results of this study suggest that exercise may stimulate the release of adipokines from brown adipose tissue, transport them through the blood to the distant tumor microenvironment, and downregulate GM-CSF expression, alleviating tumor immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment, thereby inhibiting at HCC progression. These findings provide a theoretical basis for incorporating exercise prescription into cancer treatment.
{"title":"Exploring the role of adipokines in exercise-induced inhibition of tumor growth","authors":"Yu Qian , Zhenglong Bu , Yang Qin , Shiyuan Qian , Lu Qin , Siqi Zhou , Qingda Wang , Longjun Xian , Lei Hu , Yimei Xiong , Yingying Zhang , Chun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.03.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration of exercise prescriptions into cancer adjuvant therapy presents challenges stemming from the ambiguity surrounding the precise mechanism through which exercise intervention mitigates the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) mortality and recurrence. Elucidation of this specific mechanism has substantial social and clinical implications. In this study, tumor-bearing mice engaged in voluntary wheel running exhibited a notable decrease in tumor growth, exceeding 30%. Microarray analysis revealed an upregulation of cytokine-related pathways as a potential explanation for this effect. The inclusion of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was found to enhance tumor cell proliferation, while the absence of GM-CSF resulted in a marked inhibition of tumor cell growth. The findings suggest that exercise-induced serum from mice can impede the proliferation of mouse tumor cells, with the adipokine chemerin inhibiting the growth factor GM-CSF. Additionally, exercise was found to stimulate chemerin secretion by brown adipose tissue. Chemerin suppression led to a reduction in the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. The results of this study suggest that exercise may stimulate the release of adipokines from brown adipose tissue, transport them through the blood to the distant tumor microenvironment, and downregulate GM-CSF expression, alleviating tumor immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment, thereby inhibiting at HCC progression. These findings provide a theoretical basis for incorporating exercise prescription into cancer treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 143-156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11726049/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142984901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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