Pub Date : 2024-08-20DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.08.002
Massimo Coretti , Nathalia Nahas Donatello , Gianluca Bianco , Francisco J. Cidral-Filho
High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) has gained prominence as a time-efficient and effective exercise modality to improve cardiovascular (CV) fitness, metabolic health, and physical performance. Therefore, our aim was to synthesize current clinical research on the effects of HIIT on the Autonomic Nervous System. We conducted the search for studies in the Directory of Open Access Journals, Embase, Virtual Health Library, Pubmed, and Scielo databases, in January of 2024. We included a total of 20 studies in our review. This literature review highlights the potential of HIIT to modulate the Autonomic Nervous System, enhancing CV function and overall health. Despite the promising findings, the interpretation of the results is tempered by the variability in study designs, populations, and methodologies. Future research should address these limitations, aiming for a more nuanced understanding of the relationship between HIIT and Autonomic Nervous System function. The review indicates that standardized protocols need to consider individual characteristics and baseline autonomic states for clinical application. As the body of evidence grows, HIIT may emerge as a cornerstone of exercise prescriptions aimed at optimizing autonomic function and promoting CV health.
{"title":"An integrative review of the effects of high-intensity interval training on the autonomic nervous system","authors":"Massimo Coretti , Nathalia Nahas Donatello , Gianluca Bianco , Francisco J. Cidral-Filho","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) has gained prominence as a time-efficient and effective exercise modality to improve cardiovascular (CV) fitness, metabolic health, and physical performance. Therefore, our aim was to synthesize current clinical research on the effects of HIIT on the Autonomic Nervous System. We conducted the search for studies in the Directory of Open Access Journals, Embase, Virtual Health Library, Pubmed, and Scielo databases, in January of 2024. We included a total of 20 studies in our review. This literature review highlights the potential of HIIT to modulate the Autonomic Nervous System, enhancing CV function and overall health. Despite the promising findings, the interpretation of the results is tempered by the variability in study designs, populations, and methodologies. Future research should address these limitations, aiming for a more nuanced understanding of the relationship between HIIT and Autonomic Nervous System function. The review indicates that standardized protocols need to consider individual characteristics and baseline autonomic states for clinical application. As the body of evidence grows, HIIT may emerge as a cornerstone of exercise prescriptions aimed at optimizing autonomic function and promoting CV health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 77-84"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11726037/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142984898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.08.001
Mohamed-Amine Ltifi , Kar Hau Chong , Ghaith Ben-Bouzaiene , Anthony D. Okely , Mohamed-Souhaiel Chelly
The objective of this design was to conduct an observational study comparing anthropometric characteristics, cognitive functions, as well as gross and fine motor skills. The study included 118 preschool-aged children (47 boys, 71 girls) enrolled in childcare centers. They were categorized into two groups based on their nap habits. The nap group comprised 59 children (23 boys, 36 girls), age (mean ± standard deviation) ([3.96 ± 0.54] years) who took naps after lunch, while the no-nap group included 59 children (24 boys, 35 girls) age (mean ± standard deviation) ([4.18 ± 0.61] years) who remained awake during this period. The results showed that the napping group had significantly higher scores for body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.000 1), height-for-age z score (HAZ) (p = 0.003), and higher BAZ (BMI-for-age z score) scores (p < 0.000 1), compared to the No-nap group. In terms of cognitive function, the study revealed that the napping group had better working memory performance compared to the No-nap group (p = 0.002), but no significant impact on inhibition was observed. The results also showed that taking a nap may improve functional mobility (p = 0.003) and upper body strength (p = 0.026) especially in boys. Future research could investigate the long-term effects of inadequate nap time on children's health and development and also develop and evaluate interventions to improve nap time habits in preschool children.
{"title":"Observed relationships between nap practices, executive function, and developmental outcomes in Tunisian childcare centers","authors":"Mohamed-Amine Ltifi , Kar Hau Chong , Ghaith Ben-Bouzaiene , Anthony D. Okely , Mohamed-Souhaiel Chelly","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this design was to conduct an observational study comparing anthropometric characteristics, cognitive functions, as well as gross and fine motor skills. The study included 118 preschool-aged children (47 boys, 71 girls) enrolled in childcare centers. They were categorized into two groups based on their nap habits. The nap group comprised 59 children (23 boys, 36 girls), age (mean ± standard deviation) ([3.96 ± 0.54] years) who took naps after lunch, while the no-nap group included 59 children (24 boys, 35 girls) age (mean ± standard deviation) ([4.18 ± 0.61] years) who remained awake during this period. The results showed that the napping group had significantly higher scores for body mass index (BMI) (<em>p</em> < 0.000 1), height-for-age <em>z</em> score (HAZ) (<em>p</em> = 0.003), and higher BAZ (BMI-for-age <em>z</em> score) scores (<em>p</em> < 0.000 1), compared to the No-nap group. In terms of cognitive function, the study revealed that the napping group had better working memory performance compared to the No-nap group (<em>p</em> = 0.002), but no significant impact on inhibition was observed. The results also showed that taking a nap may improve functional mobility (<em>p</em> = 0.003) and upper body strength (<em>p</em> = 0.026) especially in boys. Future research could investigate the long-term effects of inadequate nap time on children's health and development and also develop and evaluate interventions to improve nap time habits in preschool children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 272-279"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.07.003
Stefano Benítez-Flores , Flávio A. de S. Castro , Eduardo Caldas Costa , Daniel Boullosa , Todd A. Astorino
Affective valence is typically positive at exercise intensities below the lactate threshold, yet more aversive responses occur at supra-threshold intensities. Nevertheless, the physiological and psychological predictors of affective valence during supramaximal intensities including short sprint interval training (sSIT) have not yet been elucidated. Seventeen (7 women/10 men) moderately active young adults (age = [28.2 ± 5.6] years; O2max [maximum oxygen consumption] = [52.9 ± 8.1] mL·kg−1·min−1; BMI [body mass index] = [24 ± 2] kg·m−2) completed four low-volume running sSIT sessions (10 × 4 s efforts with 30 s of passive recovery). We recorded participants’ heart rate (HR), root mean square of successive differences of normal RR intervals (RMSSD), heart rate recovery (HRR), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), feeling scale (FS), intention and self-efficacy during, and after each session. Overall, no significant correlation (p > 0.05) was found between FS and baseline clinical outcomes. No significant correlation (p > 0.05) was detected between FS and any training parameter. No significant correlations were noted between FS and exercise task self-efficacy and intentions (p > 0.05). The regression model was significant (F3,61 = 5.57; p = 0.002) and only three variables significantly entered the generated model: ΔHRRend-120s end (p = 0.002; VIF = 2.58; 40.8%), time ≥ 90% HRpeak (p = 0.001; VIF = 1.26; 31.6%), and RMSSDend (p = 0.025; VIF = 2.23; 27.6%). These findings suggest that HR-based measures, particularly those related to in-task stress (time ≥ 90% HRpeak) and acute recovery (ΔHRRend-120s end, and RMSSDend), may predict affective valence during real-world sSIT.
{"title":"Affective valence predictors from real-world based short sprint interval training","authors":"Stefano Benítez-Flores , Flávio A. de S. Castro , Eduardo Caldas Costa , Daniel Boullosa , Todd A. Astorino","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Affective valence is typically positive at exercise intensities below the lactate threshold, yet more aversive responses occur at supra-threshold intensities. Nevertheless, the physiological and psychological predictors of affective valence during supramaximal intensities including short sprint interval training (sSIT) have not yet been elucidated. Seventeen (7 women/10 men) moderately active young adults (age = [28.2 ± 5.6] years; <span><math><mrow><mover><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover></mrow></math></span>O<sub>2max</sub> [maximum oxygen consumption] = [52.9 ± 8.1] mL·kg<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>·min<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>; BMI [body mass index] = [24 ± 2] kg·m<sup>−</sup><sup>2</sup>) completed four low-volume running sSIT sessions (10 × 4 s efforts with 30 s of passive recovery). We recorded participants’ heart rate (HR), root mean square of successive differences of normal RR intervals (RMSSD), heart rate recovery (HRR), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), feeling scale (FS), intention and self-efficacy during, and after each session. Overall, no significant correlation (<em>p</em> > 0.05) was found between FS and baseline clinical outcomes. No significant correlation (<em>p</em> > 0.05) was detected between FS and any training parameter. No significant correlations were noted between FS and exercise task self-efficacy and intentions (<em>p</em> > 0.05). The regression model was significant (<em>F</em><sub><em>3,61</em></sub> = 5.57; <em>p</em> = 0.002) and only three variables significantly entered the generated model: ΔHRR<sub>end-120s end</sub> (<em>p</em> = 0.002; <em>VIF</em> = 2.58; 40.8%), time ≥ 90% HR<sub>peak</sub> (<em>p</em> = 0.001; <em>VIF</em> = 1.26; 31.6%), and RMSSD<sub>end</sub> (<em>p</em> = 0.025; <em>VIF</em> = 2.23; 27.6%). These findings suggest that HR-based measures, particularly those related to in-task stress (time ≥ 90% HR<sub>peak</sub>) and acute recovery (ΔHRR<sub>end-120s end</sub>, and RMSSD<sub>end</sub>), may predict affective valence during real-world sSIT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"7 3","pages":"Pages 190-201"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141850688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.07.001
Guilherme Corrêa de Araújo Moury Fernandes , Ewerton Borges de Souza Lima , Paulo Henrique Schmidt Lara , Ana Camila de Castro Gandolfi , Jorge Roberto Pagura , Gustavo Gonçalves Arliani , Moisés Cohen
This study aimed to investigate the incidence and other significant features of craniomaxillofacial trauma (CMFT), particularly Sport-Related Concussion (SRC), among professional soccer players from two major leagues in Brazil. This is a prospective epidemiological study which assessed two divisions of the national championship and large regional one over four seasons. Data were gathered from soccer clubs and their medical staff using two online forms. Data related to players (age and position) and injuries (diagnosis, type, body location, laterality, field location, tests performed, need for surgery, time lost in sports, and recurrence) were collected. Between 2016 and 2019, a total of 15 seasons, comprising 3 828 matches and 126 324 hours (h) of gameplay, were analyzed. A total of 299 CMFT cases were reported, with a median incidence of 2.37 per 1 000 h of play. Among them, there were 178 head and 121 face traumas, which led to 87 SRC (representing 29.10% of all CMFT), with an incidence of 0.69. Defensive midfielders (14.43%) and goalkeepers (14.00%) had the highest prevalence rates of CMFT. Only 3.68% of the injuries, mostly lacerations and fractures, required surgical treatment. This study identified that the average time lost in sports due to SRC was 5.12 days, with a recurrence rate of 12.71%. SRC are a frequent consequence of CMFT in Brazilian professional soccer. Although most cases are mild, there is a high recurrence rate, which may have long-term implications.
{"title":"Sport-related concussion in Brazilian professional soccer: A four-year prospective epidemiological analysis","authors":"Guilherme Corrêa de Araújo Moury Fernandes , Ewerton Borges de Souza Lima , Paulo Henrique Schmidt Lara , Ana Camila de Castro Gandolfi , Jorge Roberto Pagura , Gustavo Gonçalves Arliani , Moisés Cohen","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to investigate the incidence and other significant features of craniomaxillofacial trauma (CMFT), particularly Sport-Related Concussion (SRC), among professional soccer players from two major leagues in Brazil. This is a prospective epidemiological study which assessed two divisions of the national championship and large regional one over four seasons. Data were gathered from soccer clubs and their medical staff using two online forms. Data related to players (age and position) and injuries (diagnosis, type, body location, laterality, field location, tests performed, need for surgery, time lost in sports, and recurrence) were collected. Between 2016 and 2019, a total of 15 seasons, comprising 3 828 matches and 126 324 hours (h) of gameplay, were analyzed. A total of 299 CMFT cases were reported, with a median incidence of 2.37 per 1 000 h of play. Among them, there were 178 head and 121 face traumas, which led to 87 SRC (representing 29.10% of all CMFT), with an incidence of 0.69. Defensive midfielders (14.43%) and goalkeepers (14.00%) had the highest prevalence rates of CMFT. Only 3.68% of the injuries, mostly lacerations and fractures, required surgical treatment. This study identified that the average time lost in sports due to SRC was 5.12 days, with a recurrence rate of 12.71%. SRC are a frequent consequence of CMFT in Brazilian professional soccer. Although most cases are mild, there is a high recurrence rate, which may have long-term implications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"7 3","pages":"Pages 224-229"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141712783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.07.002
Jacob Smith , Troilyn Jackson , Wei Liu , Jonathan Gelfond , Hao-Yuan Hsiao
Tai-Chi (TC) is a broadly used exercise that appeared to decrease the risk of falls. However, biomechanical mechanisms underlying the reduced fall risks following TC exercise remain unclear and hinder the ability to optimize TC intervention to target specific balance deficit disorders. In addition, combining TC gait exercise with ground support perturbation may be a viable approach to further challenge balance control compared to TC gait alone. The purpose of this study was to compare dynamic stability and limb support force production during comfortable walking speed (CWS), TC gait, and TC gait with medial (MED) and lateral (LAT) ground support perturbations in older and younger adults. Ten older adults and ten younger adults performed CWS, TC gait, LAT, and MED. Conditions involving TC gait showed decreased margin of stability (MoS) (main effect of condition, p < 0.01) and increased vertical force impulse compared to CWS (p < 0.01). Medial ground support perturbation induced the smallest MoS among all conditions. Older adults showed increased MoS compared to younger adults (p < 0.01). These findings provided insight into how key balance control characteristics are modulated during TC exercise and indicate that combining ground support perturbation with TC may further challenge dynamic stability.
{"title":"Combined effects of Tai-Chi gait with mediolateral ground support perturbation on dynamic balance control","authors":"Jacob Smith , Troilyn Jackson , Wei Liu , Jonathan Gelfond , Hao-Yuan Hsiao","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tai-Chi (TC) is a broadly used exercise that appeared to decrease the risk of falls. However, biomechanical mechanisms underlying the reduced fall risks following TC exercise remain unclear and hinder the ability to optimize TC intervention to target specific balance deficit disorders. In addition, combining <span>TC</span> gait exercise with ground support perturbation may be a viable approach to further challenge balance control compared to TC gait alone. The purpose of this study was to compare dynamic stability and limb support force production during comfortable walking speed (CWS), TC gait, and TC gait with medial (MED) and lateral (LAT) ground support perturbations in older and younger adults. Ten older adults and ten younger adults performed CWS, TC gait, LAT, and MED. Conditions involving TC gait showed decreased margin of stability (MoS) (main effect of condition, <em>p</em> < 0.01) and increased vertical force impulse compared to CWS (<em>p</em> < 0.01). Medial ground support perturbation induced the smallest MoS among all conditions. Older adults showed increased MoS compared to younger adults (<em>p</em> < 0.01). These findings provided insight into how key balance control characteristics are modulated during TC exercise and indicate that combining ground support perturbation with TC may further challenge dynamic stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"7 3","pages":"Pages 208-213"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141716419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-16DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.06.006
Xiao'ao Xue , Xicheng Gu , Yuwen Zhang , Xuejun Wu , Tian Xia , Rong Lu , He Wang , Yinghui Hua
Purpose
Lateral ankle sprains (LAS) are associated with corticospinal pathway deficits. Existing evidence is primarily based on cross-sectional investigations and noncausal speculations. This study aims to determine whether maladaptive corticospinal pathway alterations occur pre- and postligament transection in LAS mouse models. Additionally, this study explores whether the alterations are more pronounced in adolescent mice than adults.
Methods
Twenty-four 8-week-old adolescent and twenty-four 24-week-old adult mice were randomly assigned to lateral ankle ligament transection or sham surgery. Diffusion-weighted imaging of the corticospinal pathway was performed presurgery and 8 weeks postsurgery. Fractional anisotropy (FA) values, reflecting fiber integrity within the corticospinal subregions of the medulla, pons, midbrain, and cerebrum, were extracted.
Results
Overall, 41 mice completed repeated image acquisition. Before surgery, no significant group effects on FA within the four corticospinal subregions were detected in either adolescent or adult mice. Two months after surgery, the adolescent cohort displayed a significant reduction in FA in the medulla subregion following ankle ligament transection (β-baseline-adjusted = −0.083, 95% CI, −0.145 to −0.021, p-corrected = 0.048). Conversely, no significant effects of ankle ligament transection on corticospinal FA were observed in the adult cohort.
Conclusion
The maladaptive alterations in the corticospinal tract could be observed in the adolescent LAS mouse model, characterized by reduced fiber integrity in the medulla subregion. While these results are derived from an animal model, they provide a foundation for future investigations into the mechanisms underlying neurological deficits following musculoskeletal injuries.
{"title":"Corticospinal tract alterations after ankle sprain in adolescence: Insights from the mouse model","authors":"Xiao'ao Xue , Xicheng Gu , Yuwen Zhang , Xuejun Wu , Tian Xia , Rong Lu , He Wang , Yinghui Hua","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Lateral ankle sprains (LAS) are associated with corticospinal pathway deficits. Existing evidence is primarily based on cross-sectional investigations and noncausal speculations. This study aims to determine whether maladaptive corticospinal pathway alterations occur pre- and postligament transection in LAS mouse models. Additionally, this study explores whether the alterations are more pronounced in adolescent mice than adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-four 8-week-old adolescent and twenty-four 24-week-old adult mice were randomly assigned to lateral ankle ligament transection or sham surgery. Diffusion-weighted imaging of the corticospinal pathway was performed presurgery and 8 weeks postsurgery. Fractional anisotropy (FA) values, reflecting fiber integrity within the corticospinal subregions of the medulla, pons, midbrain, and cerebrum, were extracted.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, 41 mice completed repeated image acquisition. Before surgery, no significant group effects on FA within the four corticospinal subregions were detected in either adolescent or adult mice. Two months after surgery, the adolescent cohort displayed a significant reduction in FA in the medulla subregion following ankle ligament transection (<em>β</em>-baseline-adjusted = −0.083, 95% <em>CI</em><em>,</em> −0.145 to −0.021, <em>p</em>-corrected = 0.048). Conversely, no significant effects of ankle ligament transection on corticospinal FA were observed in the adult cohort.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The maladaptive alterations in the corticospinal tract could be observed in the adolescent LAS mouse model, characterized by reduced fiber integrity in the medulla subregion. While these results are derived from an animal model, they provide a foundation for future investigations into the mechanisms underlying neurological deficits following musculoskeletal injuries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 292-298"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141411008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-08DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.06.005
Victoria A. Zaborova , Evgenii I. Balakin , Ksenia A. Yurku , Olga E. Aprishko , Vasiliy I. Pustovoyt
Improving the efficiency of athletic performance and reducing the likelihood of overtraining are primarily determined goals that can be achieved by the correct organization of the training process. The nature of adaptation to physical stress is associated with the specificity, focus, and degree of biochemical and functional changes that occur during muscular work. In this study, we aimed to develop a diagnostic model for predicting metabolic processes in athletes based on standard biochemical blood analysis indicators. The study involved athletes from the track and field athletics team (men, n = 42, average age was [22.55 ± 3.68] years). Blood samples were collected in the morning at the beginning and end of the training week during the annual cycle. During the entire period, 3 625 laboratory parameter tests were conducted. Capillary blood sampling in athletes was conducted from the distal phalanx of the finger after overnight fasting, according to standard diagnostic procedures. To determine the predominance of anabolic or catabolic processes, equations were derived from a linear discriminant function. The discriminant function of predicting metabolic processes in athletes has a high information capacity (92.1%), as confirmed by the biochemical results of neuroendocrine system activity, which characterized the body's stage of adaptive regulatory mechanisms in response to stress factors. The classification matrix used to predict the metabolic processes based on the results of the discriminant function calculation demonstrates the statistical significance of the model (p < 0.01). Consequently, an informative mathematical model was developed, which enabled the reliable and timely prediction of the prevalence of one of the metabolic activity phases in the athlete's body. The use of the developed model will also allow us to assess the nature of adaptation to specific muscular work, identify an athlete's weaknesses, forecast the success of their performance, and timely adjust both the training process and the recovery program.
{"title":"Model for predicting metabolic activity in athletes based on biochemical blood test analysis","authors":"Victoria A. Zaborova , Evgenii I. Balakin , Ksenia A. Yurku , Olga E. Aprishko , Vasiliy I. Pustovoyt","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.06.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improving the efficiency of athletic performance and reducing the likelihood of overtraining are primarily determined goals that can be achieved by the correct organization of the training process. The nature of adaptation to physical stress is associated with the specificity, focus, and degree of biochemical and functional changes that occur during muscular work. In this study, we aimed to develop a diagnostic model for predicting metabolic processes in athletes based on standard biochemical blood analysis indicators. The study involved athletes from the track and field athletics team (men, <em>n</em> = 42, average age was [22.55 ± 3.68] years). Blood samples were collected in the morning at the beginning and end of the training week during the annual cycle. During the entire period, 3 625 laboratory parameter tests were conducted. Capillary blood sampling in athletes was conducted from the distal phalanx of the finger after overnight fasting, according to standard diagnostic procedures. To determine the predominance of anabolic or catabolic processes, equations were derived from a linear discriminant function. The discriminant function of predicting metabolic processes in athletes has a high information capacity (92.1%), as confirmed by the biochemical results of neuroendocrine system activity, which characterized the body's stage of adaptive regulatory mechanisms in response to stress factors. The classification matrix used to predict the metabolic processes based on the results of the discriminant function calculation demonstrates the statistical significance of the model (<em>p</em> < 0.01). Consequently, an informative mathematical model was developed, which enabled the reliable and timely prediction of the prevalence of one of the metabolic activity phases in the athlete's body. The use of the developed model will also allow us to assess the nature of adaptation to specific muscular work, identify an athlete's weaknesses, forecast the success of their performance, and timely adjust both the training process and the recovery program.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"7 3","pages":"Pages 202-207"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141404822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-07DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.06.004
Maria Ramoneda-Rabat , Josep Medina-Casanovas , Maria Betina Nishishinya Aquino , Myriam Guerra-Balic
Impairments on body function, activities of daily living (ADL) and cognition are common after stroke. Eccentric resistance training (ERT) may be implemented to improve them.
The primary objectives were to evaluate whether ERT improves body function, ADL and cognition after stroke. The secondary objectives were to evaluate whether ERT improves strength, gait, quality of life, and self-perceived health.
Seven electronic databases were searched: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Stroke Group Trials Register, PubMed, Epistemonikos, Embase, SPORTDiscus, and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Last search was run in December 2023, including studies since 2012.
Selection criteria were studies with stroke participants of both sexes, aged 18 or more, with an intervention based on ERT. Accepted languages were English, Spanish or French.
First search was done in pairs. Authors removed duplicate studies and those which did not meet inclusion criteria through title and abstracts. Finally, all authors, independently, screened the final search results and extracted data.
Of 68 records identified, 15 were eligible and 6 were finally included (with moderate risk of bias), analyzing 159 participants. Body function (4 interventions, n = 84), gait (4 interventions, n = 115) and strength (3 interventions, n = 78) showed significantly better results when ERT was performed. Meta-analysis could not be done because of the few studies and their heterogeneity.
This review provided low-moderate quality evidence suggesting that ERT might be effective at improving body function, strength, and gait after stroke. Besides, no harm was documented, and it was well-accepted.
{"title":"Effects of eccentric resistance training after stroke on body function, activities of daily living and cognitive function: A review","authors":"Maria Ramoneda-Rabat , Josep Medina-Casanovas , Maria Betina Nishishinya Aquino , Myriam Guerra-Balic","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Impairments on body function, activities of daily living (ADL) and cognition are common after stroke. Eccentric resistance training (ERT) may be implemented to improve them.</div><div>The primary objectives were to evaluate whether ERT improves body function, ADL and cognition after stroke. The secondary objectives were to evaluate whether ERT improves strength, gait, quality of life, and self-perceived health.</div><div>Seven electronic databases were searched: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Stroke Group Trials Register, PubMed, Epistemonikos, Embase, SPORTDiscus, and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Last search was run in December 2023, including studies since 2012.</div><div>Selection criteria were studies with stroke participants of both sexes, aged 18 or more, with an intervention based on ERT. Accepted languages were English, Spanish or French.</div><div>First search was done in pairs. Authors removed duplicate studies and those which did not meet inclusion criteria through title and abstracts. Finally, all authors, independently, screened the final search results and extracted data.</div><div>Of 68 records identified, 15 were eligible and 6 were finally included (with moderate risk of bias), analyzing 159 participants. Body function (4 interventions, <em>n</em> = 84), gait (4 interventions, <em>n</em> = 115) and strength (3 interventions, <em>n</em> = 78) showed significantly better results when ERT was performed. Meta-analysis could not be done because of the few studies and their heterogeneity.</div><div>This review provided low-moderate quality evidence suggesting that ERT might be effective at improving body function, strength, and gait after stroke. Besides, no harm was documented, and it was well-accepted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 85-101"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141397590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-06DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.06.003
{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on cardiovascular health in sedentary and athletes: Consensus, uncertainties, and ways for mitigation","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 205-208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666337624000659/pdfft?md5=a7b31f2d2d6be484c49b0e2fb046a2de&pid=1-s2.0-S2666337624000659-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141404131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.06.001
Infections with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and disorders of the heart and blood vessels are causally related. To ascertain the causal relationship between COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease (CVD), we carried out a Mendelian randomization (MR) study through a method known as inverse variance weighting (IVW). When analyzing multiple SNPs, MR can meta-aggregate the effects of multiple loci by using IVW meta-pooling method. The weighted median (WM) is the median of the distribution function obtained by ranking all individual SNP effect values according to their weights. WM yields robust estimates when at least 50% of the information originates from valid instrumental variables (IVs). Directed gene pleiotropy in the included IVs is permitted because MR–Egger does not require a regression straight line through the origin. For MR estimation, IVW, WM and MR-Egger were employed. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using funnel plots, Cochran's Q test, MR–Egger intercept test, MR–PRESSO, and leave-one-out analysis. SNPs related to exposure to COVID-19 and CVD were compiled. CVD for COVID-19 infection, COVID-19 laboratory/self-reported negative, and other very severe respiratory diagnosis and population were randomly assigned using MR. The COVID-19 laboratory/self-reported negative results and other very severe respiratory confirmed cases versus MR analysis of CVD in the population (p > 0.05); COVID-19 infection to CVD (p = 0.033, OR = 1.001, 95%CI: 1.000–1.001); and the MR–Egger results indicated that COVID-19 infection was associated with CVD risk. This MR study provides preliminary evidence for the validity of the causal link between COVID-19 infection and CVD.
{"title":"Effects of COVID-19 on the cardiovascular system: A mendelian randomization study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Infections with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and disorders of the heart and blood vessels are causally related. To ascertain the causal relationship between COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease (CVD), we carried out a Mendelian randomization (MR) study through a method known as inverse variance weighting (IVW). When analyzing multiple SNPs, MR can meta-aggregate the effects of multiple loci by using IVW meta-pooling method. The weighted median (WM) is the median of the distribution function obtained by ranking all individual SNP effect values according to their weights. WM yields robust estimates when at least 50% of the information originates from valid instrumental variables (IVs). Directed gene pleiotropy in the included IVs is permitted because MR–Egger does not require a regression straight line through the origin. For MR estimation, IVW, WM and MR-Egger were employed. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using funnel plots, Cochran's <em>Q</em> test, MR–Egger intercept test, MR–PRESSO, and leave-one-out analysis. SNPs related to exposure to COVID-19 and CVD were compiled. CVD for COVID-19 infection, COVID-19 laboratory/self-reported negative, and other very severe respiratory diagnosis and population were randomly assigned using MR. The COVID-19 laboratory/self-reported negative results and other very severe respiratory confirmed cases versus MR analysis of CVD in the population (<em>p</em> > 0.05); COVID-19 infection to CVD (<em>p</em> = 0.033, <em>OR</em> = 1.001, 95%<em>CI</em>: 1.000–1.001); and the MR–Egger results indicated that COVID-19 infection was associated with CVD risk. This MR study provides preliminary evidence for the validity of the causal link between COVID-19 infection and CVD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 266-272"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666337624000635/pdfft?md5=06179cb20f40d6207945f1019d19bb35&pid=1-s2.0-S2666337624000635-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141411272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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