This paper addresses the transformation of international law, The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and its Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing (NP), into national law. Those convention and protocol have established an Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) system between utilizers and providers of genetic resources, including for indigenous people. One of the objectives of treaties it to obligate States to make law to ensure the rights of indigenous people for benefit sharing. Indonesia and Thailand are megadiversity countries and also the parties of the treaties. This paper tries to compare Indonesia and Thailand in transforming the ABS law into their national legal system and how the judges in Indonesia and Thailand use international treaty in deciding the cases. CBD is the starting point of the ABS concept for legal rights or interests that can be owned in relation to genetic resources. In this sense ABS is one of the new and innovative legal concepts introduced in international law. However, the CBD has only created a concept of ABS rights policy. Therefore, the concept of ABS rights of indigenous peoples needs to be formulated in national law by enacted the rights of indigenous peoples related to genetic resources.
{"title":"How Indonesia and Thailand Transform International Law: A Study of Access and Benefit Sharing","authors":"Retno Kusniati","doi":"10.22437/up.v5i2.36003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22437/up.v5i2.36003","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the transformation of international law, The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and its Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing (NP), into national law. Those convention and protocol have established an Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) system between utilizers and providers of genetic resources, including for indigenous people. One of the objectives of treaties it to obligate States to make law to ensure the rights of indigenous people for benefit sharing. Indonesia and Thailand are megadiversity countries and also the parties of the treaties. This paper tries to compare Indonesia and Thailand in transforming the ABS law into their national legal system and how the judges in Indonesia and Thailand use international treaty in deciding the cases. CBD is the starting point of the ABS concept for legal rights or interests that can be owned in relation to genetic resources. In this sense ABS is one of the new and innovative legal concepts introduced in international law. However, the CBD has only created a concept of ABS rights policy. Therefore, the concept of ABS rights of indigenous peoples needs to be formulated in national law by enacted the rights of indigenous peoples related to genetic resources.","PeriodicalId":336517,"journal":{"name":"Uti Possidetis: Journal of International Law","volume":" 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141833355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amalina Ghaisani, S. Sefriani, Alya Ananda Safitri
This research analyses international law, specifically in the realm of international aviation law. This research aims to determine whether Indonesia is responsible for the crash of Lion Air JT610 that happened on October 29, 2018. The accident was also followed five months later by the crash of Ethiopian Airlines ET302 on March 10, 2019. Both crashes involved the Boeing 737 MAX 8 and were linked to inadequate pilot training on the new Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System (MCAS). Using the normative legal research with statutory and case approach, the findings proved that besides its responsibility as a regulator, Indonesia is only responsible for issuing the airworthiness certificate, supervision, and investigation. On the other hand, the responsibility to ensure the maximum level of flight safety remains in the hands of the manufacturer company, including conducting pilot training and providing information regarding the new system.
{"title":"The Lion Air JT610 Crash Due to Lack of Pilot Training: Is There Responsibility for Indonesia?","authors":"Amalina Ghaisani, S. Sefriani, Alya Ananda Safitri","doi":"10.22437/up.v5i2.33724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22437/up.v5i2.33724","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This research analyses international law, specifically in the realm of international aviation law. This research aims to determine whether Indonesia is responsible for the crash of Lion Air JT610 that happened on October 29, 2018. The accident was also followed five months later by the crash of Ethiopian Airlines ET302 on March 10, 2019. Both crashes involved the Boeing 737 MAX 8 and were linked to inadequate pilot training on the new Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System (MCAS). Using the normative legal research with statutory and case approach, the findings proved that besides its responsibility as a regulator, Indonesia is only responsible for issuing the airworthiness certificate, supervision, and investigation. On the other hand, the responsibility to ensure the maximum level of flight safety remains in the hands of the manufacturer company, including conducting pilot training and providing information regarding the new system.\u0000","PeriodicalId":336517,"journal":{"name":"Uti Possidetis: Journal of International Law","volume":"58 s206","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141834653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kejahatan tindak pidana siber merupakan realita yang terjadi seiring berkembangnya era digitalisasi. Salah satunya merupakan pencurian terhadap data pribadi yang merupakan tindak pidana siber yang paling umum dilakukan. Dalam momentum berlakunya UU No. 27 Tahun 2022 tentang Pelindungan Data Pribadi yang berlaku secara ekstrateritorial diperlukan pendalaman terhadap bagaimana sebenarnya penerapan dari yurisdiksi terhadap pelaku pencurian data pribadi berbasis siber yang dilakukan secara lintas batas negara. Dari keresahan tersebut penulis melakukan penelitan normatif yang dilakukan melalui pendekatan statuta/perundang-undangan, konseptual serta perbandingan/komparatif dengan UU No. 27 Tahun 2022 sebagai pisau analisis perundang-undangan yang dimiliki Indonesia terhadap berbagai kerangka hukum dan konvensi yang dimiliki hukum Internasional terkait penegakan terhadap tindak pidana siber pencurian data pribadi yang dilakukan secara lintas batas negara. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa hukum domestik yang bersifat ekstrateritorial bukan merupakan jawaban yang mutlak terhadap keberhasilan dari penerapan yurisdiksi ekstrateritorial. Secara garis besar dibutuhkan sebuah kerangka hukum internasional yang menyokong kooperasi internasional berkelanjutan untuk secara efektif menerapkan yurisdiksi ekstrateritorial terhadap pelaku pencurian data pribadi secara lintas batas negara
{"title":"Application of The Principles of Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Towards Personal Data Breach Committed Cross-Country Borders","authors":"Mohammad Fadel Roihan Ba'abud, D. Heriyanto","doi":"10.22437/up.v5i1.28300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22437/up.v5i1.28300","url":null,"abstract":"Kejahatan tindak pidana siber merupakan realita yang terjadi seiring berkembangnya era digitalisasi. Salah satunya merupakan pencurian terhadap data pribadi yang merupakan tindak pidana siber yang paling umum dilakukan. Dalam momentum berlakunya UU No. 27 Tahun 2022 tentang Pelindungan Data Pribadi yang berlaku secara ekstrateritorial diperlukan pendalaman terhadap bagaimana sebenarnya penerapan dari yurisdiksi terhadap pelaku pencurian data pribadi berbasis siber yang dilakukan secara lintas batas negara. Dari keresahan tersebut penulis melakukan penelitan normatif yang dilakukan melalui pendekatan statuta/perundang-undangan, konseptual serta perbandingan/komparatif dengan UU No. 27 Tahun 2022 sebagai pisau analisis perundang-undangan yang dimiliki Indonesia terhadap berbagai kerangka hukum dan konvensi yang dimiliki hukum Internasional terkait penegakan terhadap tindak pidana siber pencurian data pribadi yang dilakukan secara lintas batas negara. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa hukum domestik yang bersifat ekstrateritorial bukan merupakan jawaban yang mutlak terhadap keberhasilan dari penerapan yurisdiksi ekstrateritorial. Secara garis besar dibutuhkan sebuah kerangka hukum internasional yang menyokong kooperasi internasional berkelanjutan untuk secara efektif menerapkan yurisdiksi ekstrateritorial terhadap pelaku pencurian data pribadi secara lintas batas negara","PeriodicalId":336517,"journal":{"name":"Uti Possidetis: Journal of International Law","volume":"71 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140448354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Third World Approach to International Law (TWAIL) emerges as a critical perspective on the current international legal system, providing a robust framework to aid Indonesia in safeguarding its communal intellectual property rights. This research seeks to emphasize the urgency of adopting TWAIL and elucidates how its application can play a pivotal role in advancing both economic prosperity and social identity in Indonesia. Positioned within a normative juridical framework, this study delves into the TWAIL perspective and its relevance to the protection of Communal Intellectual Property Rights (CIPR). It demonstrates how embracing the TWAIL approach for communal intellectual property rights can establish a legal framework that is more just, inclusive, and respectful of the rights of indigenous communities. By securing strong legal protections at both international and national levels, communities gain the ability to manage their traditional knowledge for commercial use, identifying potential global markets. Consequently, this approach fosters improvement and underscores the potential positive impacts on economic development, particularly in expanding markets and accessing goods.
{"title":"Protecting Indonesia's Communal Intellectual Property Rights: A TWAIL Perspective","authors":"Ria Wierma Putri, Febryani Sabatira, Kasmawati Kasmawati, Shafa Raida A. Hanumsari","doi":"10.22437/up.v5i1.25186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22437/up.v5i1.25186","url":null,"abstract":"The Third World Approach to International Law (TWAIL) emerges as a critical perspective on the current international legal system, providing a robust framework to aid Indonesia in safeguarding its communal intellectual property rights. This research seeks to emphasize the urgency of adopting TWAIL and elucidates how its application can play a pivotal role in advancing both economic prosperity and social identity in Indonesia. Positioned within a normative juridical framework, this study delves into the TWAIL perspective and its relevance to the protection of Communal Intellectual Property Rights (CIPR). It demonstrates how embracing the TWAIL approach for communal intellectual property rights can establish a legal framework that is more just, inclusive, and respectful of the rights of indigenous communities. By securing strong legal protections at both international and national levels, communities gain the ability to manage their traditional knowledge for commercial use, identifying potential global markets. Consequently, this approach fosters improvement and underscores the potential positive impacts on economic development, particularly in expanding markets and accessing goods.","PeriodicalId":336517,"journal":{"name":"Uti Possidetis: Journal of International Law","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140460713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research discusses the reality of the metaverse with emphasis placed on the need for a rule of law for certain activities within it that is related to Private International Law. This research observes what the metaverse is, its prevalent structure and the recent dialectics on the place of international law as a comprehensive and much needed legal regime within its system. This article utilises a normative legal research methodology and uses qualitative data such as legal theories and related research to arrives at a certain conclusion on the place of Private International Law in the Metaverse. The first part of this research elaborates on the relationship between the Metaverse and Law and the importance of a clear rule of law in the Metaverse. The second part provides an overview of Private International Law in regards to the notions that exist within it to determine a prescriptive jurisdiction. The third section discusses tacit choice of law as an alternative answer to the current uncertainty in the commercial world of the Metaverse. While the last part talks about the incorporation of metaverse regulations in the domestic and regional scenes. The article finds that the need for a clear legal framework not only in regards to choice of law but also for all aspects of the Metaverse is direly needed. While tacit choice can provide legal certainty in the world of commercial contracts, a comprehensive cybersecurity regime is needed for a Metaverse that is truly based in rule of law.
{"title":"Tacit Choice of Law in the Metaverse: What Law Applies?","authors":"Aurora Jillena Meliala, Akbar Kurnia Putra","doi":"10.22437/up.v5i1.28587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22437/up.v5i1.28587","url":null,"abstract":"This research discusses the reality of the metaverse with emphasis placed on the need for a rule of law for certain activities within it that is related to Private International Law. This research observes what the metaverse is, its prevalent structure and the recent dialectics on the place of international law as a comprehensive and much needed legal regime within its system. This article utilises a normative legal research methodology and uses qualitative data such as legal theories and related research to arrives at a certain conclusion on the place of Private International Law in the Metaverse. The first part of this research elaborates on the relationship between the Metaverse and Law and the importance of a clear rule of law in the Metaverse. The second part provides an overview of Private International Law in regards to the notions that exist within it to determine a prescriptive jurisdiction. The third section discusses tacit choice of law as an alternative answer to the current uncertainty in the commercial world of the Metaverse. While the last part talks about the incorporation of metaverse regulations in the domestic and regional scenes. The article finds that the need for a clear legal framework not only in regards to choice of law but also for all aspects of the Metaverse is direly needed. While tacit choice can provide legal certainty in the world of commercial contracts, a comprehensive cybersecurity regime is needed for a Metaverse that is truly based in rule of law.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":336517,"journal":{"name":"Uti Possidetis: Journal of International Law","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140461828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Candra Kresna Wijaya, Kent Revelino Chandra, Komang Dananjaya, Candra Kresna
Menjelang hari pemilihan umum di Nepal, muncul sebuah gerakan kampanye #NoNotAgain di Facebook yang mengadvokasi masyarakat untuk tidak memilih beberapa kandidat perdana menteri pertahana. Kampanye tersebut berisi kritikan terhadap kegagalan kandidat yang dimaksud selama beberapa periode jabatan sebelumnya. Election Comission Nepal kemudian bereaksi dengan menuntut laman Facebook itu ditutup melalui ancaman pidana kurungan atau denda. Dengan metode penelitian yuridis normatif yang menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statutory), fakta (facts), dan konsep (conceptual), artikel ini disusun dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis sah-tidaknya upaya pembatasan Election Commission Nepal terhadap kebebasan berekspresi warga masyarakat Nepal melalui syarat pembatasan yang tertuang pada Intenational Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Mengingat bahwa fenomena ini berkaitan dengan kondisi yang akan dihadapi oleh Indonesia nanti pemilihan umum tahun 2024. Karenanya, artikel ini juga berupaya untuk menemukan formulasi ideal mekanisme mitigasi disinformasi dengan tetap menghormati kebebasan berekspresi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa respon Election Comission Nepal telah melanggar kebebasan berpendapat dan berekspresi. Dengan merefleksikan pengalaman Nepal, Indonesia dapat melakukan beberapa metode alternatif dalam menangani disinformasi.
{"title":"Mitigating Disinformation: Reflection of #NoNotAgain Campaign in Nepal for Indonesia","authors":"Candra Kresna Wijaya, Kent Revelino Chandra, Komang Dananjaya, Candra Kresna","doi":"10.22437/up.v5i1.23875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22437/up.v5i1.23875","url":null,"abstract":"Menjelang hari pemilihan umum di Nepal, muncul sebuah gerakan kampanye #NoNotAgain di Facebook yang mengadvokasi masyarakat untuk tidak memilih beberapa kandidat perdana menteri pertahana. Kampanye tersebut berisi kritikan terhadap kegagalan kandidat yang dimaksud selama beberapa periode jabatan sebelumnya. Election Comission Nepal kemudian bereaksi dengan menuntut laman Facebook itu ditutup melalui ancaman pidana kurungan atau denda. Dengan metode penelitian yuridis normatif yang menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statutory), fakta (facts), dan konsep (conceptual), artikel ini disusun dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis sah-tidaknya upaya pembatasan Election Commission Nepal terhadap kebebasan berekspresi warga masyarakat Nepal melalui syarat pembatasan yang tertuang pada Intenational Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Mengingat bahwa fenomena ini berkaitan dengan kondisi yang akan dihadapi oleh Indonesia nanti pemilihan umum tahun 2024. Karenanya, artikel ini juga berupaya untuk menemukan formulasi ideal mekanisme mitigasi disinformasi dengan tetap menghormati kebebasan berekspresi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa respon Election Comission Nepal telah melanggar kebebasan berpendapat dan berekspresi. Dengan merefleksikan pengalaman Nepal, Indonesia dapat melakukan beberapa metode alternatif dalam menangani disinformasi.","PeriodicalId":336517,"journal":{"name":"Uti Possidetis: Journal of International Law","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140461610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Management of natural resources that is not in accordance with international problems such as air pollution. Pollution that occurs in the air environment due to forest fires that occurred in Indonesia, especially in 2019 in Riau Province, is not in line with the principles of international environmental law. One of them is the principle of "Sic utere tue ut alienum non leads" in which the state is prohibited from allowing and/or carrying out activities that are detrimental to other countries. So that from these actions there are legal consequences for the State of Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to analyze and find out about preventive measures for the air environment and environmental law due to the air environment based on international law. The method used in writing this thesis is a normative research method. The legal materials used are primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The results of this study are that the management of natural resources is not carried out in accordance with the principles of international law, causing air pollution which has a negative impact on the State of Indonesia and also for the State of Malaysia, Singapore. From this research, it is also not allowed to take preventive action through supervision carried out through the government of the State of Indonesia.
{"title":"natural resource management and legal consequences for the environment from the perspective of international environmental law","authors":"Adjeng Tethool, Marthinus Kainama","doi":"10.22437/up.v4i2.19352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22437/up.v4i2.19352","url":null,"abstract":"Management of natural resources that is not in accordance with international problems such as air pollution. Pollution that occurs in the air environment due to forest fires that occurred in Indonesia, especially in 2019 in Riau Province, is not in line with the principles of international environmental law. One of them is the principle of \"Sic utere tue ut alienum non leads\" in which the state is prohibited from allowing and/or carrying out activities that are detrimental to other countries. So that from these actions there are legal consequences for the State of Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to analyze and find out about preventive measures for the air environment and environmental law due to the air environment based on international law. The method used in writing this thesis is a normative research method. The legal materials used are primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The results of this study are that the management of natural resources is not carried out in accordance with the principles of international law, causing air pollution which has a negative impact on the State of Indonesia and also for the State of Malaysia, Singapore. From this research, it is also not allowed to take preventive action through supervision carried out through the government of the State of Indonesia.","PeriodicalId":336517,"journal":{"name":"Uti Possidetis: Journal of International Law","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115182413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Convention on The Rights of Persons With Disabilities (CRPD) is a special international human rights instrument that regulates the rights of persons with disabilities as a concrete effort to respect, protect and guarantee the rights of persons with disabilities throughout the world. Indonesia has ratified the convention on the rights of persons with disabilities. Even though Indonesia has ratified the CRPD convention, the fulfillment of human rights (HAM) for Indonesian citizens, especially the rights of persons with disabilities to get a job, has not been maximized. This paper is a research that examines juridically the implementation of the CRPD Convention in Indonesia regarding the employment of persons with disabilities. The research method used by the author is a legal research method focusing on library research. Normative legal research focuses on the study of data such as laws and regulations, legal theory as well as scientific legal research worksThe Convention on The Rights of Persons With Disabilities (CRPD) is a special international human rights instrument that regulates the rights of persons with disabilities as a concrete effort to respect, protect and guarantee the rights of persons with disabilities throughout the world. Indonesia has ratified the convention on the rights of persons with disabilities. Even though Indonesia has ratified the CRPD convention, the fulfillment of human rights (HAM) for Indonesian citizens, especially the rights of persons with disabilities to get a job, has not been maximized. This paper is a research that examines juridically the implementation of the CRPD Convention in Indonesia regarding the employment of persons with disabilities. The research method used by the author is a legal research method focusing on library research. Normative legal research focuses on the study of data such as laws and regulations, legal theory as well as scientific legal research works
{"title":"Implementasi Convention on The Rights of Persons With Disabilities (Crpd) Terhadap Akses Pekerjaan Dan Lapangan Kerja Bagi Penyandang Disabilitas Di Indonesia","authors":"Ave Gave Christina Situmorang, Winanda Kusuma","doi":"10.22437/up.v4i2.23674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22437/up.v4i2.23674","url":null,"abstract":"The Convention on The Rights of Persons With Disabilities (CRPD) is a special international human rights instrument that regulates the rights of persons with disabilities as a concrete effort to respect, protect and guarantee the rights of persons with disabilities throughout the world. Indonesia has ratified the convention on the rights of persons with disabilities. Even though Indonesia has ratified the CRPD convention, the fulfillment of human rights (HAM) for Indonesian citizens, especially the rights of persons with disabilities to get a job, has not been maximized. This paper is a research that examines juridically the implementation of the CRPD Convention in Indonesia regarding the employment of persons with disabilities. The research method used by the author is a legal research method focusing on library research. Normative legal research focuses on the study of data such as laws and regulations, legal theory as well as scientific legal research worksThe Convention on The Rights of Persons With Disabilities (CRPD) is a special international human rights instrument that regulates the rights of persons with disabilities as a concrete effort to respect, protect and guarantee the rights of persons with disabilities throughout the world. Indonesia has ratified the convention on the rights of persons with disabilities. Even though Indonesia has ratified the CRPD convention, the fulfillment of human rights (HAM) for Indonesian citizens, especially the rights of persons with disabilities to get a job, has not been maximized. This paper is a research that examines juridically the implementation of the CRPD Convention in Indonesia regarding the employment of persons with disabilities. The research method used by the author is a legal research method focusing on library research. Normative legal research focuses on the study of data such as laws and regulations, legal theory as well as scientific legal research works","PeriodicalId":336517,"journal":{"name":"Uti Possidetis: Journal of International Law","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122833562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Artikel ini membahas mengenai pemenuhan hak pendidikan pengungsi anak di Indonesia dan tanggung jawab Indonesia sebagai negara peratifikasi Konvensi Hak Anak 1989. Meski hingga kini Konvensi 1951 tentang Status Pengungsi belum diratifikasi oleh Indonesia, namun pengungsi sudah sejak lama mendatangi Indonesia sebagai negara transit sebelum pengungsi ditempatkan di negara tujuan. Pengungsi yang datang ke Indonesia tidak hanya orang-orang yang sudah dewasa saja, melainkan ada juga anak-anak. Seorang pengungsi anak memiliki hak atas pendidikan, dimanapun dan tanpa memandang kebangsaan asalnya. Hak atas pendidikan bagi pengungsi anak telah diakui dalam Konvensi Hak Anak. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa di dalam KHA, setiap anak yang sedang mengusahakan status pengungsi atau telah ditetapkan secara resmi sebagai pengungsi yang berada di negara peserta konvensi berhak mendapatkan hak-haknya, termasuk hak pendidikannya. Indonesia sebagai negara peserta dalam KHA memiliki tanggungjawab dalam upaya pemberian hak-hak pengungsi anak yang tertuang dalam KHA. Namun, dalam pelaksanaannya tidak sepenuhnya dijalankan oleh Pemerintah Indonesia, karena terbentur oleh tidak adanya payung hukum yaitu Konvensi 1951.
{"title":"Child Refugees: Among the Fulfillment of the Right to Education and State Responsibilities","authors":"Afifah Dwi Hasya","doi":"10.22437/up.v4i2.20650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22437/up.v4i2.20650","url":null,"abstract":"Artikel ini membahas mengenai pemenuhan hak pendidikan pengungsi anak di Indonesia dan tanggung jawab Indonesia sebagai negara peratifikasi Konvensi Hak Anak 1989. Meski hingga kini Konvensi 1951 tentang Status Pengungsi belum diratifikasi oleh Indonesia, namun pengungsi sudah sejak lama mendatangi Indonesia sebagai negara transit sebelum pengungsi ditempatkan di negara tujuan. Pengungsi yang datang ke Indonesia tidak hanya orang-orang yang sudah dewasa saja, melainkan ada juga anak-anak. Seorang pengungsi anak memiliki hak atas pendidikan, dimanapun dan tanpa memandang kebangsaan asalnya. Hak atas pendidikan bagi pengungsi anak telah diakui dalam Konvensi Hak Anak. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa di dalam KHA, setiap anak yang sedang mengusahakan status pengungsi atau telah ditetapkan secara resmi sebagai pengungsi yang berada di negara peserta konvensi berhak mendapatkan hak-haknya, termasuk hak pendidikannya. Indonesia sebagai negara peserta dalam KHA memiliki tanggungjawab dalam upaya pemberian hak-hak pengungsi anak yang tertuang dalam KHA. Namun, dalam pelaksanaannya tidak sepenuhnya dijalankan oleh Pemerintah Indonesia, karena terbentur oleh tidak adanya payung hukum yaitu Konvensi 1951.","PeriodicalId":336517,"journal":{"name":"Uti Possidetis: Journal of International Law","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133483641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan merupakan kejahatan paling serius yang menjadi perhatian masyarakat internasional secara keseluruhan. Kriminalisasi kejahatan tersebut telah dimulai sejak ditandatanganinya Piagam Tribunal Militer Internasional Nürnberg tahun 1945. Namun sampai sekarang, belum terdapat suatu perjanjian internasional khusus yang didedikasikan untuk mengatur pelbagai aspek dari kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan. Pada tahun 2019, Komisi Hukum Internasional (ILC) akhirnya merampungkan Draf Artikel Tentang Pencegahan dan Penghukuman Kejahatan terhadap Kemanusiaan, yang diekspektasikan kelak menjadi dasar pembentukan konvensi khusus di masa mendatang. Tulisan ini mengulas kewajiban umum Negara berkenaan dengan pencegahan dan penghukuman kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan menurut Draf Artikel yang disusun ILC. Penelitian dalam tulisan ini mengandalkan metode penelitian yuridis-normatif dengan perpaduan pendekatan konseptual dan perundang-undangan. Hasil penelaahan tulisan ini menemukan bahwa terdapat tiga bentuk kewajiban umum Negara berdasarkan Draf Artikel ILC, yakni: (i) Kewajiban Negara untuk tidak melakukan tindakan yang merupakan kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan; (ii) Kewajiban untuk mencegah; dan (iii) Kewajiban untuk menghukum kejahatan tersebut.
{"title":"Kewajiban Umum Negara terkait Pencegahan dan Penghukuman Kejahatan terhadap Kemanusiaan: Telaah atas Draf Artikel ILC","authors":"Abdul Munif Ashri","doi":"10.22437/up.v4i2.21504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22437/up.v4i2.21504","url":null,"abstract":"Kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan merupakan kejahatan paling serius yang menjadi perhatian masyarakat internasional secara keseluruhan. Kriminalisasi kejahatan tersebut telah dimulai sejak ditandatanganinya Piagam Tribunal Militer Internasional Nürnberg tahun 1945. Namun sampai sekarang, belum terdapat suatu perjanjian internasional khusus yang didedikasikan untuk mengatur pelbagai aspek dari kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan. Pada tahun 2019, Komisi Hukum Internasional (ILC) akhirnya merampungkan Draf Artikel Tentang Pencegahan dan Penghukuman Kejahatan terhadap Kemanusiaan, yang diekspektasikan kelak menjadi dasar pembentukan konvensi khusus di masa mendatang. Tulisan ini mengulas kewajiban umum Negara berkenaan dengan pencegahan dan penghukuman kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan menurut Draf Artikel yang disusun ILC. Penelitian dalam tulisan ini mengandalkan metode penelitian yuridis-normatif dengan perpaduan pendekatan konseptual dan perundang-undangan. Hasil penelaahan tulisan ini menemukan bahwa terdapat tiga bentuk kewajiban umum Negara berdasarkan Draf Artikel ILC, yakni: (i) Kewajiban Negara untuk tidak melakukan tindakan yang merupakan kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan; (ii) Kewajiban untuk mencegah; dan (iii) Kewajiban untuk menghukum kejahatan tersebut.","PeriodicalId":336517,"journal":{"name":"Uti Possidetis: Journal of International Law","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129971588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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