Pub Date : 2022-04-19DOI: 10.53477/2284-9378-22-57
C. Popa
The risks and threats specific to the permanent geometry change of an action/operation in the context of the current multidimensional operational environment conflict are extremely diversified and undergo permanent mutations. This situation implicitly requires that the command-and-control systems architecture must allow rapid adaptation to the requirements imposed by the frequent situation changes, in the conflict specific analysis domains, namely PMESII (political, military, economic, social, information and infrastructure). The digitization and algorithmizing of the decision-making process carried out simultaneously with the structural and functional implementation of artificial intelligence is the current way of streamlining the decision-making process by exponentially increasing the capabilities of the command and control systems regarding the volume and speed of data and information processing, the interpretation, of the capabilities of structural and functional organization of both the C2 modules and the operating force, of the capabilities to control and evaluate the execution of the action/operation, etc. Algorithmizing and the digitization of the decision-making process combined with the experience, knowledge based intuition and talent/art (specific to the human factor) inevitably leads to making adequate decision aiming to be quickly integrated into operational plans and orders
{"title":"SPECIFIC PROCEDURES TO INCREASE EFFICIENCY OF THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE VARIABLE GEOMETRY CONFLICT","authors":"C. Popa","doi":"10.53477/2284-9378-22-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-22-57","url":null,"abstract":"The risks and threats specific to the permanent geometry change of an action/operation in the context of the current multidimensional operational environment conflict are extremely diversified and undergo permanent mutations. This situation implicitly requires that the command-and-control systems architecture must allow rapid adaptation to the requirements imposed by the frequent situation changes, in the conflict specific analysis domains, namely PMESII (political, military, economic, social, information and infrastructure). The digitization and algorithmizing of the decision-making process carried out simultaneously with the structural and functional implementation of artificial intelligence is the current way of streamlining the decision-making process by exponentially increasing the capabilities of the command and control systems regarding the volume and speed of data and information processing, the interpretation, of the capabilities of structural and functional organization of both the C2 modules and the operating force, of the capabilities to control and evaluate the execution of the action/operation, etc. Algorithmizing and the digitization of the decision-making process combined with the experience, knowledge based intuition and talent/art (specific to the human factor) inevitably leads to making adequate decision aiming to be quickly integrated into operational plans and orders \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":33675,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Carol I National Defense University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43014652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-19DOI: 10.53477/2284-9378-22-55
B. Tutuianu
Maritime strategies have always been part of the solution to strengthen maritime security. in the currently changing geopolitical environment, they apparently need to be readapted to threats that are completely different from the ones in the past: the hybrid ones. in order to cope with this mutant threat comprising all the elements making up the hybrid phenomenon, there is an acute need for revised and even innovative strategic response options. The aim of the paper is to prove that the only way of offering decision-makers a coherent and fully integrated vison, meant to ensure the security of maritime traffic and infrastructure, is the implementation of an adequate maritime strategy. Although it may not be a universal and fully guaranteed solution in this regard, the conclusion of the article shows that it is the only viable and decent answer to the ongoing maritime hybridity.
{"title":"THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF A NATIONAL MARITIME SECURITY STRATEGY GIVEN THE ”HYBRIDIZATION” OF THE MARITIME DOMAIN","authors":"B. Tutuianu","doi":"10.53477/2284-9378-22-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-22-55","url":null,"abstract":"Maritime strategies have always been part of the solution to strengthen maritime security. in the currently changing geopolitical environment, they apparently need to be readapted to threats that are completely different from the ones in the past: the hybrid ones. in order to cope with this mutant threat comprising all the elements making up the hybrid phenomenon, there is an acute need for revised and even innovative strategic response options. The aim of the paper is to prove that the only way of offering decision-makers a coherent and fully integrated vison, meant to ensure the security of maritime traffic and infrastructure, is the implementation of an adequate maritime strategy. Although it may not be a universal and fully guaranteed solution in this regard, the conclusion of the article shows that it is the only viable and decent answer to the ongoing maritime hybridity.","PeriodicalId":33675,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Carol I National Defense University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71031521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-19DOI: 10.53477/2284-9378-22-65
Robert-Cristian Trif
Within the North Atlantic Treaty Organization / NATO we have in most cases operations and activities supported in a multinational environment, diverse and especially different in terms of technology and levels of training. The logistics of military actions is one of the pillars and basic factors taken into account right from the moment of their preparation, which initiates a widespread need to understand the phenomenon of multinational logistical support, both tactically and operationally, as well as issues related to legality, funding, responsibilities, limitations and constraints. We also believe that multinational logistical support must primarily reflect the interests of the state and, secondarily, the obligations of the state that generates the logistical support in accordance with the treaties, conventions and alliances to which it is a party. At the same time, we believe that the harmonization of national strategic cultures and logistics cultures is a major challenge that will find a rather difficult answer. Also, noting the current technological advancement but also the growing threats of Russia, we believe that defining on the territory of one of the NATO member states on the eastern border a large and rapid reaction logistical support capacity would be one of the solutions for ensuring the least material support of NATO's eastern countries in the event of military aggression that would invoke Article 5. Major logistical support provided by the alliance could support frontline countries to military support from other members, thus decongesting the material burden, being able to focus on the conduct of combat actions.
{"title":"ASPECTS REGARDING MULTINATIONAL LOGISTIC SUPPORT IN NATO OPERATIONS. LIMITATIONS AND CONSTRAINTS","authors":"Robert-Cristian Trif","doi":"10.53477/2284-9378-22-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-22-65","url":null,"abstract":"Within the North Atlantic Treaty Organization / NATO we have in most cases operations and activities supported in a multinational environment, diverse and especially different in terms of technology and levels of training. The logistics of military actions is one of the pillars and basic factors taken into account right from the moment of their preparation, which initiates a widespread need to understand the phenomenon of multinational logistical support, both tactically and operationally, as well as issues related to legality, funding, responsibilities, limitations and constraints. We also believe that multinational logistical support must primarily reflect the interests of the state and, secondarily, the obligations of the state that generates the logistical support in accordance with the treaties, conventions and alliances to which it is a party. At the same time, we believe that the harmonization of national strategic cultures and logistics cultures is a major challenge that will find a rather difficult answer. Also, noting the current technological advancement but also the growing threats of Russia, we believe that defining on the territory of one of the NATO member states on the eastern border a large and rapid reaction logistical support capacity would be one of the solutions for ensuring the least material support of NATO's eastern countries in the event of military aggression that would invoke Article 5. Major logistical support provided by the alliance could support frontline countries to military support from other members, thus decongesting the material burden, being able to focus on the conduct of combat actions. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":33675,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Carol I National Defense University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45762132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-19DOI: 10.53477/2284-9378-22-60
Cristian Gabriel Cîrjău
Following the events of 1989 a radical change of the Romanian political regime took place, a change that had as main effect the democratization of the Romanian society, with special implications of a political, economic, social and implicit military nature. From a military point of view, the Romanian Army underwent extensive transformations that took place in several successive stages. These consisted of starting the process of modernizing the military body on all levels: doctrinal and organizational changes in command and force structures, the concepts of training and their use in operations, and starting the process of replacing certain categories of equipment and some categories of weapons systems with newer and more efficient ones. All these transformations also affected the military engineering branch, in terms of the organization and attributions of the engineer command structures, as well as the structure of engineer forces, on the line of organization, endowment, training. In the following lines we will make a brief review of the transformations to which the Romanian Army was subjected, and implicitly, the military engineering command structures, in the period after 1989.
{"title":"REFORM OF THE COMMAND STRUCTURES OF THE MILITARY ENGINEERING BRANCH IN THE PERIOD 1989-2021","authors":"Cristian Gabriel Cîrjău","doi":"10.53477/2284-9378-22-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-22-60","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000Following the events of 1989 a radical change of the Romanian political regime took place, a change that had as main effect the democratization of the Romanian society, with special implications of a political, economic, social and implicit military nature. From a military point of view, the Romanian Army underwent extensive transformations that took place in several successive stages. These consisted of starting the process of modernizing the military body on all levels: doctrinal and organizational changes in command and force structures, the concepts of training and their use in operations, and starting the process of replacing certain categories of equipment and some categories of weapons systems with newer and more efficient ones. All these transformations also affected the military engineering branch, in terms of the organization and attributions of the engineer command structures, as well as the structure of engineer forces, on the line of organization, endowment, training. In the following lines we will make a brief review of the transformations to which the Romanian Army was subjected, and implicitly, the military engineering command structures, in the period after 1989.","PeriodicalId":33675,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Carol I National Defense University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43942227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-19DOI: 10.53477/2284-9378-22-62
Elena-Alexandra MAZILU (ALEXANDRESCU)
Over time, human resources have become strategic resources in society, although automation and digitization have a major impact on the workforce. Human resources have managed to reinvent themselves all the time, to find new solutions and to continuously adapt to the processes of modernization and refurbishment. The major advantage of human resources is the fact that they have a great capacity of transformation, keeping updated with the modernization trends and they permanently support the process of development and modernization of modern society. Human resources strategies have an important role in the process of developing and transforming human resources.
{"title":"THE CONCEPT OF HUMAN RESOURCES AND THEIR ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN SOCIETY","authors":"Elena-Alexandra MAZILU (ALEXANDRESCU)","doi":"10.53477/2284-9378-22-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-22-62","url":null,"abstract":"Over time, human resources have become strategic resources in society, although automation and digitization have a major impact on the workforce. Human resources have managed to reinvent themselves all the time, to find new solutions and to continuously adapt to the processes of modernization and refurbishment. The major advantage of human resources is the fact that they have a great capacity of transformation, keeping updated with the modernization trends and they permanently support the process of development and modernization of modern society. Human resources strategies have an important role in the process of developing and transforming human resources.","PeriodicalId":33675,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Carol I National Defense University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41683079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-19DOI: 10.53477/2284-9378-22-66
George-Florin Băițan
Running is one of the simplest and most practical ways to keep your body fit. Retro running is an excellent way of training that must be introduced in the process of systematic physical training of the military, being remarkable for the development of the conditioned and coordinative abilities necessary to improve their physical performance. It will develop the cardiovascular system, tone the muscles and strengthen the bones and ligaments throughout the body.
{"title":"RETRO RUNNING – A TREND IN THE PHYSICAL TRAINING OF THE MILITARY","authors":"George-Florin Băițan","doi":"10.53477/2284-9378-22-66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-22-66","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000Running is one of the simplest and most practical ways to keep your body fit. Retro running is an excellent way of training that must be introduced in the process of systematic physical training of the military, being remarkable for the development of the conditioned and coordinative abilities necessary to improve their physical performance. It will develop the cardiovascular system, tone the muscles and strengthen the bones and ligaments throughout the body.","PeriodicalId":33675,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Carol I National Defense University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46063848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-19DOI: 10.53477/2284-9378-22-59
Simona-Daniela Bordea
The struggle for supremacy dates back to ancient times, and the conquest of new territories or the desire to regain former affiliations is not new. Consequently, the central objective of the paper is to understand and review current geopolitical and geostrategic issues. At the beginning, the general framework of the research is pointed out. Although contemporaneity offers countless possibilities for states to have a prosperous and peaceful inner order, their tendency is different, in fact it is the same as always: territorial expansion and the obtaining of the scepter of international power. This scientific approach captures analytically and comparatively the attitude of two major state powers, from the Euro-Asian space, Russia and China, on the one hand, and the efforts of international actors, USA and NATO, which promote peace and stability and counteracts hostile actions that threaten its values. Following the results of this analysis, the conclusions of the research are drawn, accompanied by personal contributions, issues addressed and identified limitations.
{"title":"ASPECTS OF RECONFIGURING THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD ORDER FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE EXISTING CHALLENGES IN THE INTERNATIONAL SECURITY ENVIRONMENT","authors":"Simona-Daniela Bordea","doi":"10.53477/2284-9378-22-59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-22-59","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000The struggle for supremacy dates back to ancient times, and the conquest of new territories or the desire to regain former affiliations is not new. Consequently, the central objective of the paper is to understand and review current geopolitical and geostrategic issues. At the beginning, the general framework of the research is pointed out. Although contemporaneity offers countless possibilities for states to have a prosperous and peaceful inner order, their tendency is different, in fact it is the same as always: territorial expansion and the obtaining of the scepter of international power. This scientific approach captures analytically and comparatively the attitude of two major state powers, from the Euro-Asian space, Russia and China, on the one hand, and the efforts of international actors, USA and NATO, which promote peace and stability and counteracts hostile actions that threaten its values. Following the results of this analysis, the conclusions of the research are drawn, accompanied by personal contributions, issues addressed and identified limitations.","PeriodicalId":33675,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Carol I National Defense University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71031784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-10DOI: 10.53477/2284-9378-21-44
E. Petrova
This article aims to clarify the concepts of management and leadership, pointing out significant similarities and differences between the concepts themselves, both as theoretical terms and as actions, and on this basis to suggest assuming the concept of management through leadership as an adequate, efficient and effective option for managing an organization. The research methodology includes systematization of scientific statements about management and leadership; study and presentation of etymology, origins and meaning of basic concepts; consideration of the relatively new and modern integrated psychological theory of leadership. Demonstrating the logic of acceptance, building and introducing authentic and shared management through leadership in every organization and system, including the military one, is a result that the authors aim at. The etymological explanation of the basic concepts and terms, revealing their meaning and origin using emphatically authoritative literary resources is of particular importance.
{"title":"MANAGEMENT THROUGH LEADERSHIP – THE ESSENCE OF THE CONCEPT","authors":"E. Petrova","doi":"10.53477/2284-9378-21-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-21-44","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000This article aims to clarify the concepts of management and leadership, pointing out significant similarities and differences between the concepts themselves, both as theoretical terms and as actions, and on this basis to suggest assuming the concept of management through leadership as an adequate, efficient and effective option for managing an organization. The research methodology includes systematization of scientific statements about management and leadership; study and presentation of etymology, origins and meaning of basic concepts; consideration of the relatively new and modern integrated psychological theory of leadership. Demonstrating the logic of acceptance, building and introducing authentic and shared management through leadership in every organization and system, including the military one, is a result that the authors aim at. The etymological explanation of the basic concepts and terms, revealing their meaning and origin using emphatically authoritative literary resources is of particular importance. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":33675,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Carol I National Defense University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46930076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-10DOI: 10.53477/2284-9378-21-43
Cristian Gabriel Cîrjău
According to the directives of the NATO Military Committee, ensuring the effective military engineering support required by the military engineering command and staff structures, as well as command-control (C2) arrangements at all levels. These C2 arrangements, the structural organization, and their general attributions are regulated in the new NATO Doctrine for Military Engineering, by which to recommend the implementation of the provisions in the organization of NATO commands, as well as of the commands within the NATO national armies. In the following lines, I intend to make a short presentation of the organization of military engineering structures within NATO commands, from different hierarchical levels, under the new doctrinal provisions, also, references to cooperation relations and some clarifications with on their general responsibilities. As the new NATO doctrinal provisions on the military engineering branch are being implemented in the Romanian Army, proposals are to be made to the decision-makers, to modify the military engineering command structures in the Romanian Army, to be similar to those within the NATO commands.
{"title":"MILITARY ENGINEERING STRUCTURES WITHIN NATO COMMANDS IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE NEW DOCTRINAL PROVISIONS","authors":"Cristian Gabriel Cîrjău","doi":"10.53477/2284-9378-21-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-21-43","url":null,"abstract":"According to the directives of the NATO Military Committee, ensuring the effective military engineering support required by the military engineering command and staff structures, as well as command-control (C2) arrangements at all levels. These C2 arrangements, the structural organization, and their general attributions are regulated in the new NATO Doctrine for Military Engineering, by which to recommend the implementation of the provisions in the organization of NATO commands, as well as of the commands within the NATO national armies. In the following lines, I intend to make a short presentation of the organization of military engineering structures within NATO commands, from different hierarchical levels, under the new doctrinal provisions, also, references to cooperation relations and some clarifications with on their general responsibilities. As the new NATO doctrinal provisions on the military engineering branch are being implemented in the Romanian Army, proposals are to be made to the decision-makers, to modify the military engineering command structures in the Romanian Army, to be similar to those within the NATO commands. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":33675,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Carol I National Defense University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45324064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-10DOI: 10.53477/2284-9378-21-48
Andrei Th. Constantin
Climate change over the last two decades, coupled with the health crisis caused by the SARS COV-2 virus, requires central and local public authorities to involve all resources are available to preserve the health and life of the population, as well as for the protection of their material and cultural values.In addition to the fact that the Romanian Army performs support functions, it has unique capabilities whose use becomes indispensable for the management of civil emergencies.Compared to the tasks to be performed, in order to limit and eliminate the consequences caused by disasters, the military engineer structures in the Romanian Army represent the most adequate capability, by the fact that they are able to intervene in most situations. However, the military engineer capabilities must be constantly perfected and adapted so that they are able to respond to the new types of risks that may arise.
{"title":"MILITARY ENGINEER CAPABILITIES PARTICIPATING TO OPERATIONS IN SUPPORT OF THE LOCAL AND CENTRAL AUTHORITIES IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS. PRESENT AND FUTURE","authors":"Andrei Th. Constantin","doi":"10.53477/2284-9378-21-48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-21-48","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change over the last two decades, coupled with the health crisis caused by the SARS COV-2 virus, requires central and local public authorities to involve all resources are available to preserve the health and life of the population, as well as for the protection of their material and cultural values.In addition to the fact that the Romanian Army performs support functions, it has unique capabilities whose use becomes indispensable for the management of civil emergencies.Compared to the tasks to be performed, in order to limit and eliminate the consequences caused by disasters, the military engineer structures in the Romanian Army represent the most adequate capability, by the fact that they are able to intervene in most situations. However, the military engineer capabilities must be constantly perfected and adapted so that they are able to respond to the new types of risks that may arise.","PeriodicalId":33675,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Carol I National Defense University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46411944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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