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The polyethylene terephthalate water bottles problem in Dubai hotels—Would an initiative solve this problem or does it need a law? 迪拜酒店的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯水瓶问题——是一项倡议解决这个问题,还是需要一项法律?
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-26 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2023.1244439
Sameh Al-Shihabi
This paper examines the environmental effects of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) water bottles used by tourists in Dubai. Unfortunately, tourists residing in Dubai hotels must depend on these single-use plastic water bottles that have negative environmental impacts associated with their production and disposal. Thus, the government of Dubai launched an initiative to reduce the usage of PET bottles, and this paper discusses whether this initiative is adequate to change hotels' dependence on PET water bottles. Therefore, this paper tries first to find the reasons that would drive hotels to comply with this initiative and then assesses the compliance of hotels with this initiative 1 year after its launch. It is found that pressures from hotels with the same and higher ratings are crucial drivers for hotels to replace PET bottles with other alternatives. Officials affiliated with the Dubai Can initiative confirmed these findings. They have also anticipated that UAE residents who spend their vacations in Dubai hotels will exert substantial pressure on hotels to abandon PET bottle use. Decision-makers affirmed that a good percentage of five-star hotels, in addition to several four-star hotels, have abolished the use of PET bottles. Moreover, it is anticipated that all hotels are expected to stop using PET bottles. Consequently, this study shows that promoting environmentally responsible behavior without enacting laws is possible.
本文研究了游客在迪拜使用的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)水瓶的环境影响。不幸的是,住在迪拜酒店的游客必须依赖这些一次性塑料水瓶,它们的生产和处理对环境有负面影响。因此,迪拜政府发起了一项减少PET瓶使用的倡议,本文讨论了这一倡议是否足以改变酒店对PET水瓶的依赖。因此,本文首先试图找出促使酒店遵守这一倡议的原因,然后在该倡议实施一年后对酒店遵守这一倡议的情况进行评估。研究发现,来自评级相同或更高的酒店的压力是酒店用其他替代品替代PET瓶的关键驱动因素。迪拜Can倡议的相关官员证实了这些发现。他们还预计,在迪拜酒店度假的阿联酋居民将对酒店施加巨大压力,要求他们放弃使用PET瓶。决策者肯定,除了几家四星级酒店外,还有很大比例的五星级酒店已经废除了PET瓶的使用。此外,预计所有酒店都将停止使用PET瓶。因此,本研究表明,在不制定法律的情况下促进对环境负责的行为是可能的。
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引用次数: 0
Interlinkages and gaps: a review of the literature on intergovernmental relations for flood management in the face of climate change 相互联系和差距:关于气候变化下洪水管理政府间关系的文献综述
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2023.1135513
Alexander Chantilas, Ahmed Rachid El-Khattabi, Emily Gvino, Kristen Downs, Cate Byrne, Elizabeth Christenson-Diver, Ranger Ruffins, Aaron Worley, Felix Dodds
Current approaches to flood management are increasingly insufficient to deal with intensifying flood trends. In this paper, we define and map out the responsibilities and relationships of local, state, and federal governing entities at various levels. We use these relationships to identify gaps in governance needed to address the high financial, human, and infrastructure costs of flooding. This paper offers a description of current flood policies and provides recommendations for innovations in policy solutions to improve governance gaps. We identify three themes from the literature on intergovernmental relations and flood governance: (1) intergovernmental relations (interlinkages and gaps) for flood governance; (2) risks inherent to flood governance (financial, physical, social and individual, and perception of risk); (3) data adequacy and interoperability.
目前的洪水管理方法越来越不足以应对日益加剧的洪水趋势。在本文中,我们定义并绘制出各级地方、州和联邦管理实体的责任和关系。我们利用这些关系来确定治理方面的差距,以解决洪水造成的高昂的财政、人力和基础设施成本。本文对当前的洪水政策进行了描述,并为改善治理差距的政策解决方案的创新提供了建议。我们从政府间关系和洪水治理的文献中确定了三个主题:(1)洪水治理的政府间关系(相互联系和差距);(2)洪水治理固有风险(金融风险、物理风险、社会风险和个人风险以及风险感知);(3)数据充分性和互操作性。
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引用次数: 0
Does increased construction activity transmit into housing prices and rents? Evidence from the V4 countries and Austria 增加的建筑活动会传导到房价和租金中吗?来自V4国家和奥地利的证据
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-21 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2023.1267964
Božena Kadeřábková, Pavel Řežábek
This study focuses on the housing market in Central European countries. We analyze the housing prices and their sensitiveness to selected variables, especially regarding construction activity in the V4 countries and Austria. By employing a specification of a recursive VAR model for each country, we show that the most responsive to changes in construction activity is housing market in Austria. Meanwhile housing prices in the V4 countries do not exhibit any strong association with construction activity, perhaps due to under-supply of housing in the countries. The paper provides discussion on the variables dependencies explanations.
本研究的重点是中欧国家的住房市场。我们分析了房价及其对选定变量的敏感性,特别是关于V4国家和奥地利的建筑活动。通过采用每个国家的递归VAR模型的规范,我们表明对建筑活动变化最敏感的是奥地利的住房市场。与此同时,V4国家的房价与建筑活动并没有表现出任何强烈的联系,这可能是由于这些国家的住房供应不足。本文讨论了变量相关性的解释。
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引用次数: 0
Harnessing behavioral psychology to encourage individuals' adoption of pollinator conservation behaviors 利用行为心理学来鼓励个体采取传粉者保护行为
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-19 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2023.1165296
Conor G. Fair, S. Kris Braman
The economic and ecological importance of pollinators and the increasingly evident decline of their populations have drawn concern from scientists, governments, and individuals alike. While research has focused on the ecological causes and solutions to pollinator declines, it is less understood how to motivate actual behavior changes to help conserve pollinators. Behavioral psychologists have developed many theories to explain how human behavioral drivers affect the adoption of pro-environmental behaviors such as recycling and other sustainability actions. A comprehensive model incorporating norm activation theory, the new ecological paradigm, values-belief-norm theory, and the theory of planned behavior suggests various psychological determinants that drive changes in pro-environmental behaviors. A survey was constructed using Qualtrics software to measure and analyze >1,500 individuals' responses to questions designed to test the relationships between different types of pollinator conservation behaviors and the sociopsychological determinants of an individual's intention to perform said behaviors. Previous behaviors, issue awareness, and positive attitudes toward pollinators consistently predict increased intention to perform pollinator conservation behaviors, which supports related research on pro-environmental behaviors. Other determinants, such as ascription of responsibility and perceived behavioral control, had positive effects on the intention to perform some of the tested pollinator conservation behaviors. Understanding these relationships could help improve efforts to educate and increase the adoption of these pollinator conservation behaviors. Finally, many determinants had mixed and fewer significant relationships with the intention to perform conservation behaviors, which suggests the need for revisions to the specific wording of the survey tools and additional testing of these psychological determinants.
传粉媒介的经济和生态重要性以及它们数量日益明显的下降引起了科学家、政府和个人的关注。虽然研究主要集中在传粉媒介减少的生态原因和解决方案上,但人们对如何激励实际的行为改变来帮助保护传粉媒介却知之甚少。行为心理学家已经发展了许多理论来解释人类行为驱动因素如何影响环保行为的采用,如回收和其他可持续发展行动。一个综合规范激活理论、新生态范式、价值观-信念-规范理论和计划行为理论的综合模型表明,驱动亲环境行为变化的各种心理决定因素。使用Qualtrics软件构建了一项调查,以测量和分析1,500个人对问题的回答,这些问题旨在测试不同类型的传粉者保护行为与个人执行该行为意图的社会心理决定因素之间的关系。先前行为、问题意识和对传粉媒介的积极态度一致地预测了传粉媒介保护行为的意愿增加,这为亲环境行为的相关研究提供了支持。其他决定因素,如责任归属和感知行为控制,对执行某些被测传粉者保护行为的意愿有积极影响。了解这些关系可以帮助改善教育和增加这些传粉媒介保护行为的采用。最后,许多决定因素与执行保护行为的意图有混合和较少的重要关系,这表明需要修改调查工具的具体措辞,并对这些心理决定因素进行额外的测试。
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引用次数: 0
Divergent perspectives about water security: hydrosocial transformations in the metropolitan region of Montevideo (Uruguay) 关于水安全的不同观点:蒙得维的亚大都市区(乌拉圭)的水社会转型
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-19 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2023.1207652
Natalia Dias Tadeu, Micaela Trimble, Marila Lázaro, Paula Venturini, Mauricio Venegas
The Montevideo Metropolis, where more than half of Uruguay's population resides, is supplied with water from the Santa Lucía River (SLR), which faces increasing problems of water quality and quantity. In 2020, in the context of national government political changes, a hydraulic project (called Neptuno) involving the construction of a purification plant using water from the Río de la Plata estuary (close to the SLR basin), was proposed by a consortium of private companies. The aim of this paper is to analyze the arguments to support and oppose the Neptuno Project, as well as the hydrosocial transformations promoted by it in the SLR basin, including the scalar strategies adopted. Primary and secondary data (interviews, participant observation, and document analysis) were triangulated. Coalitions pro and against the greater involvement of the private sector with water supply services were identified. Our research shows that diverse perspectives of water security, related to different hydrosocial projects, reflect opposed interests and divergent objectives in a context of disputes within asymmetrical power relationships. This has been reactivating the coalition of the historic conflict against the privatization processes that preceded the constitutional reform in Uruguay in 2004. This coalition, against the Neptuno project, carried out a “jump scale,” taking the issue from the local to the national scale.
乌拉圭一半以上的人口居住在蒙得维的亚大都会,该市的水源来自Santa Lucía河(SLR),这条河面临着越来越多的水质和水量问题。2020年,在国家政府政治变化的背景下,一个由私营公司组成的财团提出了一个水力项目(称为Neptuno),该项目涉及使用Río de la Plata河口(靠近SLR盆地)的水建造一座净化厂。本文的目的是分析支持和反对海王星项目的论据,以及该项目在SLR盆地推动的水文社会转型,包括所采取的标量策略。主要和次要数据(访谈、参与者观察和文献分析)进行三角测量。确定了支持和反对私营部门更多地参与供水服务的联盟。我们的研究表明,在不对称权力关系的争议背景下,与不同水文社会项目相关的水安全的不同视角反映了对立的利益和不同的目标。这一直在重新激活反对私有化进程的历史性冲突联盟,这种冲突发生在2004年乌拉圭宪法改革之前。这个反对海王星项目的联盟进行了“跳跃式规模”,将问题从地方扩大到国家层面。
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引用次数: 0
Measuring the healthcare spatial deprivation in multiple perspectives: a case study of Ningbo city 多维视角下的医疗卫生空间剥夺测度——以宁波市为例
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-18 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2023.1260892
Yue Qian, Guanmin Qiao, Tonglu Li, Renfeng Ma
Background Equalization of medical servic e s is fundamental to the development of people-centered urbanization in Chinese-style modernization. In the past few decades, the achievements of the Chinese economy have remarkably increased the quantity and quality of healthcare services. Under rapid urbanization, large-scale population floating has led to a mismatch between supply and demand for healthcare services and raised the tension between spatial demographic reorganization and the relative stability of public healthcare service facilities. The current studies of healthcare spatial deprivation (HSD) mainly are focus on either supply, or demand, or accessibility based on census data. Therefore, it is necessary to build a multiple index that could give a physical result by using ordinary indices and mixing them together by relative methods to overcome this problem. Measure We chose Ningbo city, Zhejiang province, located in the eastern coastal region of China, as the study area. Moreover, from 2000 to 2020, the urbanization rate of Ningbo rapidly increased from 55.75 to 78.0%. In order to show the HSD in a rapidly urbanizing city, we first consider the subdistrict as the scale, innovatively absolve the medical accessibility to the IRD (Index of Relative Disadvantage), and construct the Index of Healthcare Relative Spatial Deprivation (IHRSD) framework. Based on the seventh national census data, we apply an IHRSD with Entropy Weight Method, 2SFCA (Two-step Floating Catchment Area Method) and GDM (Geographical Detector Model) to measure where and who are vulnerable to deprive in healthcare. Result Measured by IHRSD, (1) There is stronger healthcare spatial deprivation in peri-urban and developed-town in Ningbo; (2) Young childhood and fertile-women are vulnerable to healthcare spatial deprivation, in fact, they are spatially deprived in healthcare; (3) The socio-demographic attribute is a significant factor in healthcare spatial deprivation, especially the level of aging and population clustering; and (4) The relationship between healthcare spatial deprivation and accessibility shows an inverted U -shaped structure. Conclusion Our experiments show that the problems of HSD are mainly from the characteristics of the population, the layout of healthcare service institutions, the accessibility of the traffic system and the natural conditions. Although the constructions of equalization of primary medical and health services, hierarchical diagnosis, and treatment, and the “healthcare complex” are currently trying to reduce the phenomenon of HSD. Faced with groups and location, the acquisition of the accurately healthcare service supply is the key to realizing healthcare spatial equity.
医疗服务均等化是中国式现代化以人为本的城镇化发展的基础。在过去的几十年里,中国经济的成就显著提高了医疗服务的数量和质量。在快速城市化的背景下,大规模的人口流动导致了医疗卫生服务的供需不匹配,加剧了空间人口结构重组与公共医疗卫生服务设施相对稳定之间的紧张关系。目前对医疗空间剥夺的研究主要集中在基于人口普查数据的供给、需求或可及性方面。因此,为了克服这一问题,有必要利用普通指标,并通过相对的方法将它们混合在一起,建立一个能够给出物理结果的多重指标。我们选择位于中国东部沿海地区的浙江省宁波市作为研究区域。从2000年到2020年,宁波市城镇化率从55.75%快速提高到78.0%。本文首先以街道为尺度,创新地将医疗可及性纳入相对劣势指数(IRD),构建医疗相对空间剥夺指数(IHRSD)框架,以反映快速城市化城市的医疗相对空间剥夺。基于第七次全国人口普查数据,应用熵权法、两步浮动集水区法和地理检测器模型(GDM)相结合的IHRSD来衡量医疗保健中哪些地区和哪些人容易被剥夺。结果IHRSD测量结果表明:(1)宁波市城郊和发达城镇存在较强的医疗卫生空间剥夺;(2)幼儿期和育龄妇女易遭受卫生保健空间剥夺,实际上是卫生保健空间剥夺;(3)社会人口属性是影响医疗卫生空间剥夺的重要因素,尤其是老龄化水平和人口集聚程度;④卫生保健空间剥夺与可达性呈倒U型关系。结论HSD的问题主要来自人口特点、医疗卫生服务机构布局、交通系统可达性和自然条件。虽然初级医疗卫生服务均等化、分级诊疗和“保健综合体”的建设目前正在试图减少HSD现象。面对群体和区位,精准医疗服务供给的获取是实现医疗空间公平的关键。
{"title":"Measuring the healthcare spatial deprivation in multiple perspectives: a case study of Ningbo city","authors":"Yue Qian, Guanmin Qiao, Tonglu Li, Renfeng Ma","doi":"10.3389/frsc.2023.1260892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frsc.2023.1260892","url":null,"abstract":"Background Equalization of medical servic e s is fundamental to the development of people-centered urbanization in Chinese-style modernization. In the past few decades, the achievements of the Chinese economy have remarkably increased the quantity and quality of healthcare services. Under rapid urbanization, large-scale population floating has led to a mismatch between supply and demand for healthcare services and raised the tension between spatial demographic reorganization and the relative stability of public healthcare service facilities. The current studies of healthcare spatial deprivation (HSD) mainly are focus on either supply, or demand, or accessibility based on census data. Therefore, it is necessary to build a multiple index that could give a physical result by using ordinary indices and mixing them together by relative methods to overcome this problem. Measure We chose Ningbo city, Zhejiang province, located in the eastern coastal region of China, as the study area. Moreover, from 2000 to 2020, the urbanization rate of Ningbo rapidly increased from 55.75 to 78.0%. In order to show the HSD in a rapidly urbanizing city, we first consider the subdistrict as the scale, innovatively absolve the medical accessibility to the IRD (Index of Relative Disadvantage), and construct the Index of Healthcare Relative Spatial Deprivation (IHRSD) framework. Based on the seventh national census data, we apply an IHRSD with Entropy Weight Method, 2SFCA (Two-step Floating Catchment Area Method) and GDM (Geographical Detector Model) to measure where and who are vulnerable to deprive in healthcare. Result Measured by IHRSD, (1) There is stronger healthcare spatial deprivation in peri-urban and developed-town in Ningbo; (2) Young childhood and fertile-women are vulnerable to healthcare spatial deprivation, in fact, they are spatially deprived in healthcare; (3) The socio-demographic attribute is a significant factor in healthcare spatial deprivation, especially the level of aging and population clustering; and (4) The relationship between healthcare spatial deprivation and accessibility shows an inverted U -shaped structure. Conclusion Our experiments show that the problems of HSD are mainly from the characteristics of the population, the layout of healthcare service institutions, the accessibility of the traffic system and the natural conditions. Although the constructions of equalization of primary medical and health services, hierarchical diagnosis, and treatment, and the “healthcare complex” are currently trying to reduce the phenomenon of HSD. Faced with groups and location, the acquisition of the accurately healthcare service supply is the key to realizing healthcare spatial equity.","PeriodicalId":33686,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sustainable Cities","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135203063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Editorial: The governance of artificial intelligence in the “autonomous city” 社论:自治城市 "中的人工智能治理
IF 2.8 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-12 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2023.1285175
Federico Cugurullo, Sarah Barns, Vincent J. Del Casino, Natalie M. Gulsrud, Tan Yigitcanlar, Xiaoling Zhang
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引用次数: 0
Access to homeownership in decline—rising housing inequalities for young people in the neoliberal housing market of Tallinn 住房拥有率下降——塔林新自由主义住房市场中年轻人的住房不平等加剧
IF 2.8 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-30 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2023.1149087
Anneli Kährik, Ingmar Pastak
The current housing affordability crisis, driven mainly by the financialization of housing and the government's retrenchment of social policies and provision of affordable housing, have affected growing inequalities in access to housing. The crises have hit young people especially hard. The recent trends call for systematic studies on the mechanisms generating such intergenerational inequality, considering the specifics of the prevailing housing regimes. Housing affordability in Tallinn has decreased due to fast-growing housing prices, as a result of an ultra-liberal housing regime, exemplified by housing financialization, capital accumulation, low level of governmental interventions and an overall increase in social inequalities. Based on EU-SILC data, it is shown how the recent trends during the decade between 2010 and 2020 have negatively impacted young people's access to homeownership—access has been greatly reduced for young cohorts, and it has become more differentiated, based on the socio-economic and labor market performance of households, as well as intergenerational transfers. Young households are increasingly residing in private rental dwellings, and many still rely on parental housing until their 30s. Rental housing, as compared to homeownership, has fewer advantages compared to homeownership—it brings no capital gains and is less secure, and rental stock tends to be located unevenly across urban space and to be in slightly worse condition compared to owner-occupied housing. This positions young people in an unfavorable position in the perspective of their housing career, and this can have severe consequences on their social inclusion.
目前的住房负担能力危机主要是由住房金融化和政府紧缩社会政策和提供负担得起的住房推动的,影响了获得住房方面日益严重的不平等。危机对年轻人的打击尤其严重。最近的趋势要求对造成这种代际不平等的机制进行系统研究,同时考虑到现行住房制度的具体情况。塔林的住房负担能力下降,原因是房价快速上涨,这是极端自由的住房制度的结果,例如住房金融化、资本积累、政府干预水平低以及社会不平等的总体加剧。根据EU-SILC的数据,研究表明,2010年至2020年这十年的最新趋势对年轻人获得住房的机会产生了负面影响——年轻群体的住房机会大大减少,而且根据家庭的社会经济和劳动力市场表现,以及代际转移,这种情况变得更加差异化。年轻家庭越来越多地居住在私人租赁住房中,许多家庭在30多岁之前仍然依赖父母的住房。与拥有住房相比,租赁住房的优势更少——它没有带来资本收益,也不那么安全,而且租赁存量在城市空间中的分布往往不均衡,与自住住房相比,状况略差。这使年轻人在住房事业方面处于不利地位,这可能会对他们的社会包容产生严重影响。
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引用次数: 0
Density, planning, and the emergent landscapes of purpose-built student accommodation in England 密度,规划,以及英格兰学生宿舍的新兴景观
IF 2.8 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2023.1119399
N. Livingstone, Stefania Fiorentino, M. Short
This mini review explores perspectives on density and discretionary planning policy in relation to the emergent landscapes of purpose-built student accommodation (PBSA) across selected English university cities. It examines the nexus between density in planning policies and transformations in student accommodation, presenting a research gap requiring further investigation. Our research builds upon limited literature on UK PBSA within which there has been inadequate interrogation of policy impacts on the substantial growth of this now mature market sector. By better understanding the relations between national planning policies and their local interpretations regarding PBSA, we can move toward improving understandings for urban futures. The intersectionality between the evolution of the PBSA sector and the planning system are currently underexplored. The paper highlights the proliferation, densification, and concentration patterns of PBSAs and their connections to the surrounding planning system. The emergence of privately developed PBSA in the UK is typically characterized by medium to high rise, and medium to high density development. Higher density PBSA has created a dynamic spectrum of impacts reflecting subjective perceptions of their emergence in university cities. Our mini review illustrates the growth trajectory and direction of the PBSA sector. We conclude with a reflection on the discretionary nature of planning policies for density that often create regulatory loopholes allowing PBSA to thrive as a niche real estate asset class but not necessarily as a local and social collective asset.
这篇小型综述探讨了在选定的英国大学城中,与专门建造的学生宿舍(PBSA)的新兴景观相关的密度和自由规划政策的观点。它研究了规划政策中的密度与学生住宿转变之间的关系,提出了需要进一步调查的研究差距。我们的研究建立在英国PBSA有限的文献基础上,其中对政策对这个现已成熟的市场部门大幅增长的影响的质疑不足。通过更好地理解国家规划政策和地方对PBSA的解释之间的关系,我们可以朝着提高对城市未来的理解迈进。PBSA部门的演变与规划系统之间的相互关系目前尚未得到充分探讨。本文强调了pbsa的扩散、密集和集中模式及其与周围规划系统的联系。在英国,私人开发的PBSA的出现具有中高层和中高密度发展的典型特征。更高密度的PBSA产生了动态的影响谱,反映了人们对它们在大学城出现的主观看法。我们的小型回顾说明了PBSA行业的增长轨迹和方向。最后,我们反思了密度规划政策的自由支配性质,这往往会造成监管漏洞,使PBSA作为一种利基房地产资产类别蓬勃发展,但不一定是当地和社会的集体资产。
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引用次数: 0
Editorial: Density, sustainability and the governance of urban futures 社论:密度、可持续性与城市未来的治理
IF 2.8 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-25 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2023.1277926
N. Livingstone, M. Short, Stefania Fiorentino, Susannah Bunce
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引用次数: 0
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