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The effectiveness of Imrovac® in industrial pork production Imrovac®在工业化猪肉生产中的有效性
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.32819/2021.91001
V. V. Samoilіuk, D. Bilyi, M. Koziy, S. Maslikov, Т. L. Spitsina
The clinical efficacy of the use of immunobiological castration was studied in comparison with boars in which orchidectomy was performed by open method «on a ligature», as well as in non-castrated animals. It was found that the disadvantage of surgical castration is the risk of bleeding, the development of purulent inflammatory process (edges of the surgical wound, scrotal tissues, stump, common vaginal membrane), as well as intra- and postoperative hernias, which are accompanied by prolapse of the omentum, intestines, and bladder. The low incidence of these complications is offset by the high death rate caused by them. A relatively high level of cryptorchidism was established on the farm, among which bilateral was 27.6%. As a result of the use of immunological castration, in comparison with surgical castration, and with non-castrated boars, the average daily gains were increased, the fattening period was reduced and feed costs were reduced against the background of feed conversion increase by 14 – 27%. The use of Improvac® (Pfizer Ltd) led to better assimilation of feed, an increase in the amount of meat on the carcass, in particular, lean meat by 12 – 16%, lumbar depth, the protein content in meat and a decrease of the fat percentage and fat thickness, eliminating specific odor, and reduction in the fattening period, as well as costs for feeding. In particular, compared to non-castrated boars, the weight of chilled half carcasses increased by 1.2 times (P < 0.05). Immunological castration led to atrophy of the testicles: their weight, length and width were smaller compared to non-castrated boars, which again confirms a decrease in the level of boars’ sex hormones. It is important to use Improvac® in breeding boars that have exhausted their potential, eliminating the need to keep them for about three months to reduce their meat and lard smell. Reducing the period of disappearance of the odor of products obtained from boars led to a reduction in the cost of feeding, maintenance, and veterinary care. Production indicators justify the economic feasibility of using immunological castration with Improvac® in order to obtain additional income, given the absence of probable complications associated with the conventional surgical procedure.
研究了使用免疫生物学阉割的临床疗效,并将其与公猪“结扎”开放式方法进行睾丸切除术以及未阉割的动物进行比较。发现手术去势的缺点是出血的风险,化脓性炎症过程的发展(手术伤口边缘,阴囊组织,残端,阴道普通膜),以及内疝和术后疝,伴有网膜,肠和膀胱脱垂。这些并发症的低发生率被它们引起的高死亡率所抵消。农场隐睾发生率较高,其中双侧隐睾占27.6%。免疫阉割与手术阉割及未阉割公猪相比,提高了平均日增重,缩短了育肥期,降低了饲料成本,饲料转化率提高14 ~ 27%。使用益普克®(Pfizer Ltd .)能更好地吸收饲料,使胴体上的肉量(特别是瘦肉)增加12 - 16%,腰深增加,肉中蛋白质含量降低,脂肪率和脂肪厚度降低,消除特定气味,缩短育肥期,降低饲养成本。特别是,与未阉割的公猪相比,冷冻半胴体的体重提高了1.2倍(P < 0.05)。免疫阉割导致睾丸萎缩:与未阉割的公猪相比,它们的重量、长度和宽度更小,这再次证实了公猪性激素水平的下降。在已耗尽其潜力的种猪中使用Improvac®非常重要,无需将它们饲养约三个月以减少其肉和猪油气味。缩短从公猪身上获得的产品气味消失的时间,可以降低饲养、维护和兽医护理的成本。生产指标证明了使用免疫阉割与Improvac®的经济可行性,以获得额外的收入,因为没有可能的并发症与传统的外科手术。
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引用次数: 0
Modern concept of physiological signaling systems in cattle fetuses with the participation of FC-γ-receptors FC-γ-受体参与的牛胎儿生理信号系统的现代概念
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.32819/2021.92010
D. M. Masіuk
The article presents a literature review on the modification of expression and recycling of Fc-γ-receptors of fetal jejunal enterocytes in cattle. Based on the analyzed data, a modern concept of physiological signaling systems in cattle fetuses with the participation of Fc-γ receptors has been developed. These results indicated age-related modulation of FcγR intestinal cells expression during the entire fetal period of cattle, and the dynamics of changes in the content of polypeptides with different molecular weights that exhibit Fc-γ-binding activity in the basolateral and apical regions of the enterocyte’s plasma membrane and have certain characteristic features for each groups of receptors for IgG. It has been proven that the regulation of FcγR expression by plasma membrane of jejunal enterocytes in cattle during the fetal period of ontogenesis is controlled by mechanisms associated with fetal development. The obtained research results and their in-depth analysis made it possible to propose a scientific concept on the physiological functions of FcγR during the fetal period of cattle ontogenesis. In particular, they translocate signals by the mother-placenta-fetus chain, form one of the key signaling systems for regulating the development of enterocytes, recognize specific signals from immunoglobulins and antigens, play an important role in the transcytosis and recycling of IgG from the amniotic fluid into fetal circulation, and form the immune mechanisms of the fetus for the intrauterine functioning body adaptation and prepare it for antigenic pressure after birth. So, the expression modulation, localization and identification of polypeptides on the plasma membrane that exhibit Fc-γ-binding activity, makes it possible to form a signaling system and control the development of barrier and immune functions in the fetus with the participation of FcγR.
本文就牛胎儿空肠细胞Fc-γ受体的表达及循环利用的研究进展作一综述。在此基础上,提出了Fc-γ受体参与的牛胎儿生理信号系统的现代概念。这些结果表明,在整个胎期内,牛肠细胞Fc-γ- r的表达与年龄相关,肠细胞质膜基底外侧和根尖区域具有Fc-γ-结合活性的不同分子量多肽含量的动态变化,并对各组IgG受体具有一定的特征。研究表明,牛胎期空肠肠细胞质膜对fc - γ - r表达的调控受胎儿发育相关机制的调控。所获得的研究结果及其深入分析,使得对FcγR在牛胚胎期的生理功能提出一个科学的概念成为可能。特别是,它们通过母体-胎盘-胎儿链转运信号,是调节肠细胞发育的关键信号系统之一,识别免疫球蛋白和抗原的特异性信号,在羊水中IgG的胞吞和再循环进入胎儿循环中发挥重要作用,并形成胎儿适应宫内功能体的免疫机制,为出生后的抗原压力做好准备。因此,在质膜上表现出Fc-γ结合活性的多肽的表达调控、定位和鉴定,使Fc-γ r参与形成信号系统,控制胎儿的屏障和免疫功能的发育成为可能。
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引用次数: 0
The effect of humic substances on carbohydrate metabolism in alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus in rats 腐殖质对四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病大鼠碳水化合物代谢的影响
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.32819/2021.92015
V. Utkina, L. Stepchenko
The article presents study results of the effect of humic nature biologically active additive «Humilid» on carbohydrate metabolism, namely on glucose, insulin and C-peptide in alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus in rats. The purpose of the experiment was to investigate how “Humilid” affects carbohydrate metabolism in rats; to study and analyze the effect of the humic nature biologically active substance «Humilid» on metabolic processes. In the work we used biochemical methods for studying the blood of experimental rats. Adult male white rats were taken for the experiment, from which four groups were formed. The experiment lasted three weeks, during which the animals from the first experimental group received daily in addition to the main feed an aqueous solution of feed additive «Humilid» at dose 5 mg / kg of body weight of the active substance, and had free access to water. Rats of the second and third groups were injected with alloxan as a single intraperitoneal injection. The rats of the third group additionally received an aqueous solution of feed additive «Humilid». It was identified that “Humilid” has an antioxidant activity, which may be one of the mechanisms of its antidiabetic action, as it is known that alloxan causes free radical damage to β-cells with weak antioxidant protection. The use of a biologically active feed additive of humic nature was found to have a hypoglycemic effect in both healthy animals as well as in rats with alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus. It was found that the use of “Humilid” in rats enhances energy processes in their bodies of experimental animals. There was a decrease in glucose content in rats from second group by 11.9% (P ≤ 0.001) compared with the control one. At the same time, the glucose content in animals from third and fourth groups was higher by 35.9% (P ≤ 0.001) and 20% (P ≤ 0.001) higher than in animals from the control one. The insulin concentration in the blood of rats from the second group was 7.4% higher (P ≤ 0.05) compared to the animals from first group. The concentration of C-peptide was within the reference values. The levels of insulin and C-peptide concentration in animals of the third and groups were lower by 47.8% (P ≤ 0.001) and 32.4% (P ≤ 0.001) and 55.5% (P ≤ 0.001) and 37.5% (P ≤ 0.001) in comparison with animals of first group. A pronounced hypoglycemic effect, which was due to an increase in the sensitivity of tissues to glucoregulatory hormones and an increase in the body’s tolerance to excessive intake of carbohydrates. The obtained results of the study indicate the regulatory effect of humic feed additive «Humilid» on key links in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism, which is characterized by the decrease in blood glucose level due to activation of the synthesis and secretion of insulin and C-peptide.
本文介绍了腐殖质生物活性添加剂“Humilid”对四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病大鼠碳水化合物代谢,即葡萄糖、胰岛素和c肽的影响。本实验旨在探讨“湿润剂”对大鼠碳水化合物代谢的影响;研究和分析腐殖质生物活性物质“Humilid”对代谢过程的影响。在这项工作中,我们用生化方法研究了实验大鼠的血液。实验选用成年雄性大鼠,分为四组。试验为期3周,在此期间,第一试验组动物在主饲料的基础上,每日添加活性物质“Humilid”的水溶液,剂量为5 mg / kg体重,并可自由饮水。第二、三组大鼠单次腹腔注射四氧嘧啶。第三组大鼠在此基础上添加饲料添加剂“Humilid”水溶液。发现“Humilid”具有抗氧化活性,这可能是其抗糖尿病作用的机制之一,因为已知四氧嘧啶对抗氧化保护弱的β细胞造成自由基损伤。使用一种具有生物活性的腐殖质饲料添加剂被发现对健康动物和四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病大鼠都有降糖作用。实验发现,在大鼠身上使用“湿润剂”可以增强实验动物体内的能量过程。与对照组相比,第二组大鼠葡萄糖含量降低11.9% (P≤0.001)。同时,第三组和第四组动物的葡萄糖含量分别比对照动物高35.9% (P≤0.001)和20% (P≤0.001)。第二组大鼠血胰岛素浓度较第一组高7.4% (P≤0.05)。c肽浓度在参考值范围内。与第一组相比,第三组和第三组的胰岛素水平和c肽浓度分别降低了47.8% (P≤0.001)、32.4% (P≤0.001)、55.5% (P≤0.001)和37.5% (P≤0.001)。明显的降糖效果,这是由于组织对血糖调节激素的敏感性增加,以及身体对过量摄入碳水化合物的耐受性增加。本研究结果表明,腐殖质饲料添加剂«Humilid»对碳水化合物代谢的关键环节具有调节作用,其特点是通过激活胰岛素和c肽的合成和分泌而降低血糖水平。
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引用次数: 0
Increase of the growth rate in young pigs while using the feed additive «Natufactant» 在使用饲料添加剂“Natufactant”时,仔猪的生长率提高
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.32819/2021.91006
N. Begma, O. Musich
The improvement of production indicators (feed conversion ratio, average daily body weight gain, growth rate, etc.) in animal husbandry implies a high energy requirement. Such a need can only be met by including fats in the diet. Fat is the main and most efficient source of feed energy, but at the same time, one of the most expensive feed component. Using a fat emulsifier is an increase in the quality of the obtained product and a decrease in its cost. The addition of synthetic emulsifiers is a relatively new opportunity to increase fats’ active surface compared to other widely used feed additives. This reduces the cost for oil in the feed and also a chance to reduce feed total cost. By increasing fats’ active surface, emulsifiers expand the action of lipases and promote micelles formation. Higher the fat percentage in the diet, lower the percentage of its absorption. In high-energy diets without the use of complex emulsifiers, from 36% to 70% of the fat introduced into the feed is not absorbed and is excreted from the body. The beneficial effect of emulsifiers is that the digestibility of fat decreases, and it grows with an increase in the fat level in the diet. An assessment of the effect of the «Natufactant» feed additive on the growth rates of young pigs has been carried out. The maintenance and feeding of pigs were carried out in accordance with the technology adopted on the farm. The nutritional value of the main diet that is used on the farm, as well as after the inclusion of the feed additive «Natufactant», were determined. To conduct research according to the principle of analogs were taking into account the breed, live weight, and general physiological state, two groups of animals of a large white pig breed were created, 25 animals in each, with a live weight of 28 kg. The first group served as a control, and in addition to the main diet, the multicomponent emulsifier «Natufactant» was administered to the piglets of the research group at a dose of 250 g/t of feed, which was given together with the feed once per day. It was found that high average daily gains were obtained from animals to which «Natufactant» was added at the rate of 250 g per 1 ton of compound feed from the first day of the experiment and for 60 days in a row. As a result of the production check, it was found that the introduction of a feed additive into the diet of young pigs made it possible to increase the gross increase in animals’ live weight in comparison with the control, by 10.7 centners with the same level of feeding. New influence aspects of the fat emulsifier usage on the pigs’ physiological state and productivity were disclosed. It has been proven that the inclusion of the «Natufactant» feed additive into the animals’ diet stimulates the digestion processes and assimilation of basic nutrients, improves their physiological state, and increases the average daily weight gain of pigs by 15.3%. The solution to the problem of fats’ digestibility is the creation of
畜牧业生产指标(饲料系数、平均日增重、生长率等)的提高意味着较高的能量需求。这种需要只能通过在饮食中加入脂肪来满足。脂肪是饲料能量的主要和最有效的来源,但同时也是最昂贵的饲料成分之一。使用脂肪乳化剂可以提高所得产品的质量并降低其成本。与其他广泛使用的饲料添加剂相比,合成乳化剂的加入是提高脂肪活性表面的一个相对较新的机会。这降低了饲料中油的成本,也有机会降低饲料的总成本。通过增加脂肪的活性表面,乳化剂扩大了脂肪酶的作用,促进了胶束的形成。饮食中脂肪的比例越高,其吸收率越低。在不使用复合乳化剂的高能量日粮中,饲料中36%至70%的脂肪没有被吸收,而是被排出体外。乳化剂的有益作用是降低脂肪的消化率,并随着日粮中脂肪水平的增加而增加。对“Natufactant”饲料添加剂对仔猪生长速度的影响进行了评估。按照养猪场采用的技术进行养猪和饲养。确定了农场使用的主要日粮的营养价值,以及添加了饲料添加剂“Natufactant”之后的营养价值。根据类比试验的原则,综合考虑品种、活重和一般生理状态,将某大型白猪品种分为两组,每组25头,活重28 kg。第一组作为对照组,在饲喂主饲粮的基础上,试验组仔猪以250 g/t的饲料剂量添加多组分乳化剂“Natufactant”,与饲料一起饲喂,每天1次。结果发现,从试验第一天开始,连续60天,以每1吨配合饲料250克的速度添加“Natufactant”的动物平均日增重较高。生产检查的结果是,在仔猪日粮中添加一种饲料添加剂,与对照组相比,在相同饲喂水平下,动物活重的总增长量增加了10.7个中心。揭示了脂肪乳化剂用量对猪生理状态和生产能力的新影响。实验证明,在动物日粮中添加“Natufactant”饲料添加剂可以促进动物对基本营养物质的消化和吸收,改善动物的生理状态,使猪的平均日增重提高15.3%。解决脂肪消化问题的方法是通过寻找新的分子和开发有效的复合物来创造新的乳化剂,当一种成分增强另一种成分的作用时,这种复合物具有协同效应。为了显著提高猪的生产能力,从而提高猪肉的产量,必须保证动物的充足和充足的饲养,并考虑到脂质营养的标准。这也将有助于提高产品质量,降低生产成本。
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引用次数: 0
Cytomorphological changes of a cat’s cadaver’s parenchymal organs in the early postmortem period in the forensic veterinary examination aspect 猫尸体实质器官在死后早期的细胞形态学变化在法医兽医检验方面
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.32819/2021.93023
R. Kazantsev, I. Yatsenko
The cytomorphological changes of a cat’s cadaver’s parenchymal organs in the early postmortem period in the aspect of forensic veterinary examination are established in the work. The aim of the work is to clarify the processes of necrobiosis at the cellular level under aerobic environment in the first day after the death of the animal as a cytomorphological criterion in terms of forensic veterinary examination in deciding the age of death in the early postmortem period. It is proved that the most dynamic cytomorphological changes are found in the spleen and pancreas tissue; cytoarchitectonics of liver, lung and heart tissue changes less intensively. Intense cytomorphological changes in kidney tissue and brain were not observed. It was found that parenchymal organs samples cytological research after the first day of the postmortem period to determine the cells histological topography is impossible. It was found that the cytoarchitectonics dynamics of kidney and brain tissue is uninformative to solve the problems of forensic veterinary examination, but the necrobiosis of liver, lung and heart cells is moderately informative. High informativeness of cytomorphological picture change in spleen and pancreas tissue has been established, as the intensity of cytomorphological changes dynamics and their informativeness to solve the question of the age of death are directly correlated. It is recommended to use the cytological rapid method as an additional in the practice of forensic veterinary examination to address the issue of animal death age in terms of its non-obviousness before the appearance of late cadaveric phenomena.
从法医兽医检验的角度,建立了猫尸体实质器官在死后早期的细胞形态学变化。这项工作的目的是阐明动物死亡后第一天在有氧环境下的细胞水平上的坏死过程,作为法医兽医检查在尸检早期确定死亡年龄时的细胞形态学标准。结果表明,脾脏和胰腺组织的细胞形态学变化最为动态;肝、肺和心脏组织的细胞结构变化较少。肾组织和脑组织未见明显的细胞形态学改变。结果发现,实质器官标本细胞学研究在死后第一天后才确定细胞的组织学形态是不可能的。发现肾脏和脑组织的细胞结构动力学不能解决法医兽医检查的问题,但肝、肺和心脏细胞的坏死情况可以提供适度的信息。脾脏和胰腺组织的细胞形态学图像变化具有很高的信息量,因为细胞形态学变化动态的强度与其解决死亡年龄问题的信息量直接相关。建议在法医兽医检验实践中使用细胞学快速方法,以解决动物死亡年龄在晚期尸体现象出现之前的不明显问题。
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引用次数: 1
Limiting factors of cows’ productive longevity on the industrial complex 工业园区奶牛生产寿命的限制因素
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.32819/2021.93019
I. Pishchan, S. Pishchan, L. Lytvyschenko, N. Kapshuk, H. S. Hutsuliak
The research was carried out in the conditions of a large industrial complex ‟Agro-Soyuz” of the Dnipropetrovsk region for the production of the milk from Holstein cows. It has been established that due to ineffective management decisions in the industrial complex, animals leave the herd annually because of metabolic disorders and operational risks with certain dynamics depending on age. It was found that the stimulation of lactogenic function in cows with an increased rate of concentrated feed causes some metabolic disorders, which account for 30.4% of the total number of non-infectious diseases and animals retirement from the herd. It is characteristic that metabolic disorders are observed almost to the same extent in first-calf heifers and in older lactation cows. At the same time, the displacement of the abomasum in animals of the third and fourth lactations under the conditions of an industrial complex was not observed, and depletion of the body (cachexia) was characteristic of first-calf heifers, which among metabolic disorders occupied 33.3%. Cows of the fourth lactation did not suffer from enteritis. Because of adipose tissue purulent inflammation (phlegmon), an average of 5.92% of cows were eliminated from the herd. As the animals age, there was an increase in extremities disease and a decrease in the incidence of hypogalactia. It has been proven that first-calf heifers were more sensitive to mastitis of the udder than older animals. Young cows left the herd due to mastitis at the level of 17.16%, while for hypogalactia - only 7.5%. Through exploitation risks, an average of 27.04% of animals are leaving the herd annually, and this indicator grows with age: if the first-heifers are leaving at the level of 23.13%, then the cows of the second lactation were culled at the level of 28.57%, the third and fourth – respectively 30.56 and 29.41%.
这项研究是在第聂伯罗彼得罗夫斯克地区一个大型工业综合体“农业联盟”的条件下进行的,该工业综合体生产荷斯坦奶牛的牛奶。已经确定,由于工业园区的管理决策无效,每年都会有动物因代谢紊乱和操作风险而离开畜群,这些风险随年龄的变化而变化。研究发现,随着浓缩饲料添加率的提高,对奶牛产乳功能的刺激引起了一些代谢紊乱,占非传染性疾病和动物退群总数的30.4%。它的特点是,代谢紊乱观察到几乎相同程度的初生牛犊和年龄较大的奶牛。与此同时,在工业园区的条件下,没有观察到第三和第四次哺乳动物的皱胃位移,并且身体耗竭(恶病质)是初生牛犊的特征,在代谢紊乱中占33.3%。第四次泌乳的奶牛没有出现肠炎。由于脂肪组织化脓性炎症(痰),平均5.92%的奶牛被淘汰。随着动物年龄的增长,四肢疾病的发病率增加,而低乳症的发病率下降。已经证明,初生牛犊比年长的动物对乳房炎更敏感。乳腺炎导致的小牛离群率为17.16%,而低乳率仅为7.5%。通过开发风险,平均每年有27.04%的奶牛离开牛群,该指标随着年龄的增长而增长:如果第一次母牛离开的水平为23.13%,那么第二次奶牛被淘汰的水平为28.57%,第三次和第四次分别为30.56%和29.41%。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of the death causes in sturgeon fish on a farming environment 养殖环境下鲟鱼死亡原因分析
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.32819/2021.93024
N. Hubanova, R. Novitskiy, A. Horchanok, L. Bajdak, N. Prysiazhniuk
Artificial breeding of sturgeon fish ensures the preservation of the species as a component of the organic world system, restoration of the population and obtaining a high-quality and valuable fish product. The fact of a significant number death of Siberian (Lena) sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) raised on a farm (Dnipropetrovsk region, Ukraine) was investigated. A complex of hydrochemical, ichthyological, hydrobiological, mycological and microbiological research methods was used. It was found that due to the violation of the technological conditions for keeping sturgeon fish in the enterprise, there were changes in their behavior, peculiarities in movement, loss of appetite with the death of a significant number of fish. An increase in water temperature by two degrees, technical work nearby the pools led to a deterioration in water quality, a change in the behaviour of fish and its death. This case is an example of the lack of education in employees from enterprise, the economy of the owner’s funds: the norms for planting fish of the third and fourth years of life have been violated. No infectious diseases were found in the fish pools. As a result of this work, recommendations were made on the conditions of keeping sturgeons, maintaining the water quality at the proper level, using various types of feed and vitamins to restore the physiological state of animals and to prevent the occurrence of such situations in the future.
鲟鱼的人工繁殖确保了该物种作为有机世界系统的组成部分的保存,种群的恢复和获得高质量和有价值的鱼类产品。对一个养殖场(乌克兰第聂伯罗彼得罗夫斯克地区)饲养的西伯利亚(莉娜)鲟鱼(baerii)大量死亡的事实进行了调查。采用了水化学、鱼类学、水生生物学、真菌学和微生物学的综合研究方法。调查发现,由于违反了企业养殖鲟鱼的技术条件,鲟鱼的行为发生了变化,运动异常,食欲不振,大量鱼类死亡。水温升高两度,水池附近的技术工作导致水质恶化,鱼的行为发生变化,甚至死亡。这个案例是企业员工缺乏教育,业主资金节约的一个例子:违反了三、四年养鱼的规范。渔池内未发现传染病。根据这项工作的结果,对饲养鲟鱼的条件提出了建议,将水质保持在适当的水平,使用各种饲料和维生素来恢复动物的生理状态,并防止今后发生此类情况。
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引用次数: 1
Slaughter animals’ meat identification according to suitability for consumption using developed methods 采用先进的方法对屠宰动物的肉进行适合食用的鉴定
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.32819/2021.91002
N. Bogatko, T. Mazur, А. F. Bogatko
It is recommended for state veterinary inspectors simple, improved and new methods for identifying meat of slaughter animals according to suitability for consumption and compliance with its shelf life due to the detection of the peroxidase enzyme in the filtered meat-water extract; the use of an improved formol reaction at the facilities for meat production and turnover as a result of the substitution of suitable meat for human consumption with meat from sick animals, having reliability in tests of 99.8% and 96.4%, respectively. And also a new method of bacterioscopic assessment of the degree of bacterial contamination of the meat from slaughter animals by staining smears-prints according to Gram in Hooker’s modification was developed and recommended to establish the degree of freshness, which has a reliability of 99.5%. It was found that the largest percentage of meat was obtained from healthy animals with an improved method for detecting the peroxidase enzyme at meat production facilities − from 60.00 to 89.58%, at wholesale depots − from 61.54 to 81.82%; when sold in supermarkets − from 56.52 to 90.48%; in agriood markets − from 69.70 to 78.26%. However, the percentage of meat obtained from suspiciously sick animals at its production facilities ranged from 9.52 to 30.00%, at wholesale depots − from 13.63 to 26.92%; when sold in supermarkets − from 9.52 to 27.27%, in agrifood markets − from 8.70 to 21.21%; and meat obtained from sick animals, respectively, at production facilities and wholesale depots − from 4.76 to 10.00% and from 4.55 to 11.54%; in supermarkets and agrifood markets, respectively − from 4.76 to 17.39% and from 9.09 to 13.04%. It was found that the largest percentage of meat was obtained from healthy animals with an improved formol reaction method at meat production facilities − from 72.73 to 93.18%, at wholesale depots for storage − from 69.56 to 77.78%, when sold in supermarkets − from 67.39 to 78.26%, and in agrifood markets − from 75.00 to 78.57%. Although, the percentage of meat obtained from suspiciously sick animals at the facilities for its production ranged from 6.82 to 18.18%, at wholesale depots − from 16.67 to 26.09%; when sold in supermarkets ranged from 13.04 to 23.91%; in agrifood markets − from 15.28 to 20.00%; and meat obtained from seriously ill animals at at meat production facilities and wholesale depots, respectively, from 3.23 to 9.09% and from 4.35 to 8.33%; in supermarkets and agrifood markets, respectively − from 6.98 to 8.70% and from 4.76 to 7.69%.
由于过滤后的肉水提取物中检测到过氧化物酶,建议国家兽医检查员根据食用适宜性和符合保质期来鉴定屠宰动物肉的简单、改进和新的方法;在肉类生产和周转设施中使用改进的福尔莫尔反应,因为用病动物的肉代替了适合人类消费的肉,测试可靠性分别为99.8%和96.4%。提出了一种采用涂片指纹染色法对屠宰动物肉制品细菌污染程度进行细菌学评估的新方法,并推荐了一种可靠性为99.5%的新方法。研究发现,采用改进的过氧化物酶检测方法从健康动物身上获得的肉类比例最大,在肉类生产设施从60.00提高到89.58%,在批发仓库从61.54提高到81.82%;在超市销售时-从56.52%到90.48%;在农产品市场-从69.70%到78.26%。然而,在其生产设施中,从可疑患病动物身上获得的肉的百分比从9.52%到30.00%不等,在批发仓库中,从13.63%到26.92%不等;在超市销售——从9.52%到27.27%,在农产品市场销售——从8.70%到21.21%;从生产设施和批发仓库获得的病畜肉分别从4.76%到10.00%和从4.55%到11.54%;在超市和农产品市场,分别从4.76%到17.39%和从9.09到13.04%。结果发现,采用改进的福尔莫尔反应法从健康动物身上获得的肉类比例最大,在肉类生产设施从72.73提高到93.18%,在批发仓库从69.56提高到77.78%,在超市从67.39提高到78.26%,在农产品市场从75.00提高到78.57%。虽然,在生产设施中从可疑患病动物身上获得的肉的百分比从6.82%到18.18%不等,但在批发仓库中,从16.67%到26.09%不等;在超市销售时的比例介乎13.04至23.91%;在农产品市场-从15.28%到20.00%;从肉类生产设施和批发仓库获得的重病动物的肉类分别从3.23%到9.09%和4.35%到8.33%;在超市和农产品市场,分别从6.98到8.70%和从4.76到7.69%。
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引用次数: 0
Seasonal effect on milk productivity and cases of mastitis in Ukrainian Brown Swiss Cows 季节对乌克兰褐瑞士奶牛产奶量和乳腺炎病例的影响
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.32819/2021.92011
R. Mylostyvyi, O. Izhboldina, O. Кalinichenko, O. Orishchuk, I. Pishchan, O. Khramkova, N. Kapshuk, P. Skliarov, V. Sejian, G. Hoffmann
Seasonality affects milk production, its composition, as well as the spread of mastitis in dairy cows. The aim of the research work was to study the way the seasons affect milk productivity and the manifestation of mastitis among Ukrainian brown Swiss cows at a commercial dairy unit, with the animals kept in naturally ventilated premises. The relationship between the indicators was assessed by Spearman’s rank-order correlation coefficient. The influence of a seasonal factor and individual air parameters on cows’ milk productivity was evaluated using Factorial ANOVA in Statistica 12 software. The results of the study revealed a high correlation between the content of milk fat and milk protein and the weather conditions (temperature, relative humidity, as well as temperature-humidity index) by seasons. Moreover, the greatest negative relationship between these characteristics was observed in spring (r = 0.4‒0.8) and in autumn (r = 0.6), and not in summer during the heat, as we had predicted earlier. The influence rate of the «season» factor was significant both in terms of the daily milk yield and milk components (51–59%) and mastitis prevalence rate in cows (56%) at the dairy unit. In general, the reduction of milk yields in summer and especially in autumn, and the spread of udder pathology in cows during this period should provide for the introduction of managerial and preventive veterinary measures to mitigate the effects of hot summer among Ukrainian Brown Swiss cows at year-round housing of animals in naturally ventilated premises.
季节性影响牛奶产量、成分以及乳腺炎在奶牛中的传播。研究工作的目的是研究季节如何影响产奶量和乳腺炎的表现在乌克兰棕色瑞士奶牛在一个商业乳品单位,动物饲养在自然通风的场所。采用Spearman秩序相关系数评价各指标之间的关系。利用Statistica 12软件的析因方差分析(Factorial ANOVA)评估季节因素和个别空气参数对奶牛产奶量的影响。研究结果显示,乳脂和乳蛋白的含量与季节的天气条件(温度、相对湿度以及温湿度指数)有很高的相关性。此外,这些特征之间最大的负相关关系出现在春季(r = 0.4-0.8)和秋季(r = 0.6),而不是像我们之前预测的那样出现在夏季的高温时期。在奶牛的日产奶量和乳成分(51-59%)以及乳腺炎患病率(56%)方面,“季节”因素的影响都是显著的。总的来说,夏季,特别是秋季产奶量的减少,以及奶牛乳腺病理在这一时期的蔓延,应该提供管理和预防性兽医措施,以减轻炎热夏季对乌克兰棕色瑞士奶牛的影响,这些奶牛全年都在自然通风的场所饲养。
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引用次数: 1
Species composition of microorganisms isolated from biomaterials of sick calves and cows 从患病小牛和奶牛的生物材料中分离的微生物的种类组成
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.32819/2021.94027
O.E. Ayshpur, I. Mushtuk, V. V. Gumeniuk, О. М. Yermolenko, V. Hlebeniuk
Bacteriosis of cattle, the main cause of which is opportunistic microflora, cause significant damage to the livestock industry. Therefore, the study of the etiological structure of bacteriosis in cattle is relevant. During 2018, 2020–2021, 824 biomaterials’ samples of from 97 livestock farms in different regions of Ukraine were studied, including milk samples from patients with mastitis and vaginal lavages during cow endometritis, nasal mucus from calves with respiratory syndrome, feces from animals with diarrhea, exudate during inflammatory processes of the extremities. During bacteriological studies of biomaterials, 35 types of microorganisms were isolated. It should be noted that from 23.7% to 24.2% of Escherichia coli isolates were isolated; bacteria of the genus Proteus – from 10.8% to 16.7%. The important role of staphylococci in the occurrence of cattle bacteriosis has been proved, they have been isolated from 21.43% to 28.75%, while the proportion of Staphylococcus aureus isolation increased up to 21.6%. In the course of the biomaterials studies, up to 16.3% of enterococci were identified. According to our long-term research, simultaneous or sequential infection of animals with two or more pathogens has been established. Over the last year of observations (2021) the same trend was revealed towards an increase in the cases of two or more pathogens detection from one animals’ biomaterial with bacteriosis. If one is isolated in 31.11% of samples, while two – in 39.68%, three – in 18.41%.
牛的细菌病对畜牧业造成重大损害,其主要原因是机会性微生物群。因此,对牛细菌性疾病病原学结构的研究具有重要意义。在2018年、2020年至2021年期间,研究了来自乌克兰不同地区97个畜牧场的824种生物材料样本,包括乳腺炎患者的牛奶样本和奶牛子宫内膜炎期间的阴道灌洗液样本、患有呼吸综合征的小牛的鼻粘液样本、腹泻动物的粪便样本、四肢炎症过程中的渗出液样本。在生物材料的细菌学研究中,分离出35种微生物。值得注意的是,大肠杆菌分离率为23.7% ~ 24.2%;变形杆菌属的细菌-从10.8%到16.7%。葡萄球菌在牛细菌病发生中的重要作用已得到证实,其分离率从21.43%上升到28.75%,而金黄色葡萄球菌的分离率上升到21.6%。在生物材料研究过程中,鉴定出高达16.3%的肠球菌。根据我们的长期研究,已经确定动物同时或连续感染两种或两种以上的病原体。在过去一年的观察中(2021年),从一种动物生物材料中检测到两种或两种以上病原体的细菌病病例也出现了同样的趋势。如果一个在31.11%的样本中分离出来,而两个在39.68%,三个在18.41%。
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引用次数: 1
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Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine
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