This study investigates the potential risk associated with accidental hydrogen (H2) release in an in-house developed desktop proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyser using experimental validation and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Different release pressures of 1, 2, 4 and 6 bar were studied to determine the H2 dispersion across the enclosure. The effectiveness of air ventilation of 1 m/s in mitigating accidents was evaluated. CFD simulations reveal that the release pressure and ventilation play a critical role in H2 distribution, and hence the potential for safety concerns. An increase in the release pressure leads to an increase in the concentration of H2 and creates potentially dangerous zones. The maximum concentration reached 23.38 vol% in the experiment vs 25.66 vol% simulated, without air ventilation, while the use of a ventilation system reduced maximum concentration to 4.82 vol% in the experiment vs 3.37 vol% simulated at 6 bar of release pressure. The use of appropriate detection systems, such as H2 sensors and alarms, is found to be effective in triggering safety measures.
{"title":"CFD modelling and risk assessment of accidental hydrogen release in a desktop PEM electrolyser enclosure","authors":"A.A. Malakhov , S. Mamathuntsha , A.V. Avdeenkov , D.G. Bessarabov","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153798","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153798","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the potential risk associated with accidental hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) release in an in-house developed desktop proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyser using experimental validation and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Different release pressures of 1, 2, 4 and 6 bar were studied to determine the H<sub>2</sub> dispersion across the enclosure. The effectiveness of air ventilation of 1 m/s in mitigating accidents was evaluated. CFD simulations reveal that the release pressure and ventilation play a critical role in H<sub>2</sub> distribution, and hence the potential for safety concerns. An increase in the release pressure leads to an increase in the concentration of H<sub>2</sub> and creates potentially dangerous zones. The maximum concentration reached 23.38 vol% in the experiment vs 25.66 vol% simulated, without air ventilation, while the use of a ventilation system reduced maximum concentration to 4.82 vol% in the experiment vs 3.37 vol% simulated at 6 bar of release pressure. The use of appropriate detection systems, such as H<sub>2</sub> sensors and alarms, is found to be effective in triggering safety measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 153798"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146102661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153758
Redouane Melouki, Mustapha Reda Senouci
Green hydrogen is emerging as a strategic pathway for developing nations to advance the energy transition and strengthen their positions in future global markets. Algeria, endowed with abundant solar and wind resources and strategically located at the crossroads of Africa and Europe, is particularly well placed to play a leading role in this sector. This paper presents a comprehensive systematic review of hydrogen research in Algeria, covering 110 peer-reviewed studies published between 2000 and 2025. The review employed a rigorous three-stage screening process: an initial large language model (LLM)-assisted pre-screening, manual validation with ASReview, and full-text assessment to ensure relevance and quality. The analysis reveals a significant surge in research activity since 2021, coinciding with the launch of national hydrogen adoption initiatives in Algeria. The literature is dominated by production studies (86%), mainly solar (64%) and wind (33%), while storage, transport, and end-use applications remain underexplored. The reported levelized costs of hydrogen (LCOH) vary from $1.21 to $29.18/kg, reflecting differences in modeling assumptions, system scale, electrolyzer capital costs, and the inclusion of storage and transport infrastructure; current estimates in the most mature scenarios fall below $5/kg. Methodologically, modeling and simulation dominate (65%), whereas experimental work remains limited (15%). Overall, Algeria shows strong potential but requires greater focus on pilot projects, value-chain integration, and techno-economic assessments. This review maps the country’s research evolution and offers insights for resource-rich developing nations seeking to accelerate their green hydrogen transitions.
{"title":"Green hydrogen transition in developing countries: The case of Algeria","authors":"Redouane Melouki, Mustapha Reda Senouci","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153758","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153758","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Green hydrogen is emerging as a strategic pathway for developing nations to advance the energy transition and strengthen their positions in future global markets. Algeria, endowed with abundant solar and wind resources and strategically located at the crossroads of Africa and Europe, is particularly well placed to play a leading role in this sector. This paper presents a comprehensive systematic review of hydrogen research in Algeria, covering 110 peer-reviewed studies published between 2000 and 2025. The review employed a rigorous three-stage screening process: an initial large language model (LLM)-assisted pre-screening, manual validation with ASReview, and full-text assessment to ensure relevance and quality. The analysis reveals a significant surge in research activity since 2021, coinciding with the launch of national hydrogen adoption initiatives in Algeria. The literature is dominated by production studies (86%), mainly solar (64%) and wind (33%), while storage, transport, and end-use applications remain underexplored. The reported levelized costs of hydrogen (LCOH) vary from $1.21 to $29.18/kg, reflecting differences in modeling assumptions, system scale, electrolyzer capital costs, and the inclusion of storage and transport infrastructure; current estimates in the most mature scenarios fall below $5/kg. Methodologically, modeling and simulation dominate (65%), whereas experimental work remains limited (15%). Overall, Algeria shows strong potential but requires greater focus on pilot projects, value-chain integration, and techno-economic assessments. This review maps the country’s research evolution and offers insights for resource-rich developing nations seeking to accelerate their green hydrogen transitions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 153758"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146102660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.153289
Wei Xue , Junli Wang , Wenbo Luo , Yanke Guo , Youhua Yan , Chen Wen , Shaoxiang Li , Andreas Züttel , Zhiyong Xue , Weihua Wang
Mg-based solid-state hydrogen storage faces a fundamental materials design paradox: reconciling near theoretical hydrogen capacity with rapid sorption kinetics while maintaining economically viable material costs-a triad wherein enhancing any two properties has traditionally necessitated compromising the third. In this study, the quantitative relationship between absorption property with chemical compositions basing machine learning (ML) strategy through SHAP-based feature ranking with six algorithms: Linear Regression (LR), Decision Tree (DT), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and Xtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and then identifying six critical descriptors (Mg/Ni content, atomic size mismatch δ, mixing entropy change ΔS, valence electron concentration VEC and electronegativity C). Their contributions are mathematically fused into a composite parameter Z, which showed a sigmoidal logistic relationship with H2 storage capacity. Crucially, Z enables rational binary doping synergistically pairing lattice-distorting and interface-catalyzing elements - to transcend performance-cost trade-offs. Guided by optimized boundaries (Mg ≥ 90 at.%, Ni ≤ 10 at.%, δ: 6.4-6.99 %, ΔS: 2.81-3.35 J/mol·K, VEC: 2.7-2.72 e/a, C: 1.356-1.368), the designed Mg89.5Ni9(CaNd)1.5 is experimentally realized, achieving 6.27 wt% H2 absorption capacity, as well as lower 200 °C desorption temperature. This series alloys showed 1.114 wt%/min desorption kinetics behavior (with 6.3 times faster than that of Mg-Ni alloys with high Ni content), confirming 93 % and 46 % absorption/desorption time reduction, basing JMAK model analysis. These promotions are mechanistically attributed to binary-doping-induced α-Mg/Mg2Ni lattice distortion and interfacial nano-structuring, thereby resolving the capacity-kinetics-cost triad through atomistically informed design.
{"title":"Accelerated discovery of low-cost Mg-based solid-state H2 storage alloys for enhanced hydrogen des-/absorption behavior via machine learning-guided binary-element minor doping","authors":"Wei Xue , Junli Wang , Wenbo Luo , Yanke Guo , Youhua Yan , Chen Wen , Shaoxiang Li , Andreas Züttel , Zhiyong Xue , Weihua Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.153289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.153289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mg-based solid-state hydrogen storage faces a fundamental materials design paradox: reconciling near theoretical hydrogen capacity with rapid sorption kinetics while maintaining economically viable material costs-a triad wherein enhancing any two properties has traditionally necessitated compromising the third. In this study, the quantitative relationship between absorption property with chemical compositions basing machine learning (ML) strategy through SHAP-based feature ranking with six algorithms: Linear Regression (LR), Decision Tree (DT), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and Xtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and then identifying six critical descriptors (Mg/Ni content, atomic size mismatch δ, mixing entropy change ΔS, valence electron concentration VEC and electronegativity C). Their contributions are mathematically fused into a composite parameter Z, which showed a sigmoidal logistic relationship with H<sub>2</sub> storage capacity. Crucially, Z enables rational binary doping synergistically pairing lattice-distorting and interface-catalyzing elements - to transcend performance-cost trade-offs. Guided by optimized boundaries (Mg ≥ 90 at.%, Ni ≤ 10 at.%, δ: 6.4-6.99 %, ΔS: 2.81-3.35 J/mol·K, VEC: 2.7-2.72 e/a, C: 1.356-1.368), the designed Mg<sub>89.5</sub>Ni<sub>9</sub>(CaNd)<sub>1.5</sub> is experimentally realized, achieving 6.27 wt% H<sub>2</sub> absorption capacity, as well as lower 200 °C desorption temperature. This series alloys showed 1.114 wt%/min desorption kinetics behavior (with 6.3 times faster than that of Mg-Ni alloys with high Ni content), confirming 93 % and 46 % absorption/desorption time reduction, basing JMAK model analysis. These promotions are mechanistically attributed to binary-doping-induced α-Mg/Mg<sub>2</sub>Ni lattice distortion and interfacial nano-structuring, thereby resolving the capacity-kinetics-cost triad through atomistically informed design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 153289"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153793
Wei-Mon Yan , Kuo-Wei Wu , Chih-Chia Lin , Feng-Chia Hsu , Saman Rashidi , Yen-Hsin Chan
Anion exchange membrane electrolyzers (AEMECs) offer several advantages, including the use of non-precious metal catalysts, alkaline operating conditions, and low system costs, making them a promising technology for green hydrogen production. To further investigate the influence of operating conditions and geometric design on AEMEC performance, this study establishes more refined three-dimensional multiphysics coupled numerical model compared to existing literature. The model simulates heat transfer, mass transport, and electrochemical behavior under varying temperatures, electrolyte flow rates, and flow field configurations. Performance evaluation is conducted through analysis of polarization curves, local current density distributions, and temperature profiles. Simulation results indicate that increasing the operating temperature significantly enhances electrochemical activity and conductivity. Performance improvement of the electrolyzer is confirmed by polarization curves. Electrolyte flow rate affects heat dissipation and temperature gradient, with a maximum temperature difference of 16.6 °C, which in turn affects local reaction rates and system stability. Regarding flow channel geometry, different designs exhibit varying degrees of influence on local current density and temperature distributions. The interdigitated flow field demonstrates the most effective thermal homogenization capability, with the average temperature rising by only 9 °C under maximum operating voltage. In contrast, the parallel flow field achieves the highest current density of 1.4221 A/cm2 under high flow rate conditions. Overall, operating conditions and flow channel design critically affect electrolyzer performance and must be considered to achieve efficient and stable operation.
{"title":"Analysis of anion exchange membrane electrolysis for hydrogen production- A Parametric study","authors":"Wei-Mon Yan , Kuo-Wei Wu , Chih-Chia Lin , Feng-Chia Hsu , Saman Rashidi , Yen-Hsin Chan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153793","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153793","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anion exchange membrane electrolyzers (AEMECs) offer several advantages, including the use of non-precious metal catalysts, alkaline operating conditions, and low system costs, making them a promising technology for green hydrogen production. To further investigate the influence of operating conditions and geometric design on AEMEC performance, this study establishes more refined three-dimensional multiphysics coupled numerical model compared to existing literature. The model simulates heat transfer, mass transport, and electrochemical behavior under varying temperatures, electrolyte flow rates, and flow field configurations. Performance evaluation is conducted through analysis of polarization curves, local current density distributions, and temperature profiles. Simulation results indicate that increasing the operating temperature significantly enhances electrochemical activity and conductivity. Performance improvement of the electrolyzer is confirmed by polarization curves. Electrolyte flow rate affects heat dissipation and temperature gradient, with a maximum temperature difference of 16.6 °C, which in turn affects local reaction rates and system stability. Regarding flow channel geometry, different designs exhibit varying degrees of influence on local current density and temperature distributions. The interdigitated flow field demonstrates the most effective thermal homogenization capability, with the average temperature rising by only 9 °C under maximum operating voltage. In contrast, the parallel flow field achieves the highest current density of 1.4221 A/cm<sup>2</sup> under high flow rate conditions. Overall, operating conditions and flow channel design critically affect electrolyzer performance and must be considered to achieve efficient and stable operation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 153793"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153515
Shuhan Jin , Dongxu Sun , Yang Yu , Chengwei Liu , Peiqing Wang , Shuai Ren , Ming Xu , Fei Xie , Ming Wu
This study investigated the correlations between hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of X65 steel and defect dimension using experimental and numerical simulation methods. The results of slow strain rate tensile tests indicate that defect dimension significantly affects the mechanical properties of steel, especially in an electrochemical hydrogen charging environment. Specifically, the shorter and deeper defects exhibit poorer plasticity and higher hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity. Compared to defect length, defect depth has a more pronounced effect on hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity. Hydrogen diffusion-mechanical coupling simulation results reveal that H atoms are driven by hydrostatic stress gradient to aggregate in regions of high stress. Defect depth impacts internal hydrogen diffusion and fracture strain of the specimen more significantly than defect length. Both defects and hydrogen promote specimen fracture, with defects exhibiting a more pronounced effect. However, when both defects and hydrogen are present, the presence of defects weakens the promotion of fracture by hydrogen.
{"title":"Effects of defect dimension on the hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of X65 steel-experiments and FE simulations","authors":"Shuhan Jin , Dongxu Sun , Yang Yu , Chengwei Liu , Peiqing Wang , Shuai Ren , Ming Xu , Fei Xie , Ming Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the correlations between hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of X65 steel and defect dimension using experimental and numerical simulation methods. The results of slow strain rate tensile tests indicate that defect dimension significantly affects the mechanical properties of steel, especially in an electrochemical hydrogen charging environment. Specifically, the shorter and deeper defects exhibit poorer plasticity and higher hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity. Compared to defect length, defect depth has a more pronounced effect on hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity. Hydrogen diffusion-mechanical coupling simulation results reveal that H atoms are driven by hydrostatic stress gradient to aggregate in regions of high stress. Defect depth impacts internal hydrogen diffusion and fracture strain of the specimen more significantly than defect length. Both defects and hydrogen promote specimen fracture, with defects exhibiting a more pronounced effect. However, when both defects and hydrogen are present, the presence of defects weakens the promotion of fracture by hydrogen.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 153515"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153640
Willem Hilverda, Songul Tekeli, Evrim Ursavas, Stuart X. Zhu
The Netherlands aims to phase out natural gas by 2050, positioning hydrogen as a cornerstone of the national energy transition. This study examines the technical and economic feasibility of hydrogen blending in the heating sector of the Northern Netherlands, a region-specific case where hydrogen integration is actively pursued as part of a designated Hydrogen Valley strategy under the EU Green Deal. A mixed-method approach is adopted, combining a focused review of the technical challenges of hydrogen blending — including gas metering accuracy, odorization stability, stratification, and appliance performance — with quantitative scenario-based techno-economic modeling using Monte Carlo simulation. In contrast to prior qualitative assessments, six blending scenarios are analyzed under varying renewable capacities and hydrogen allocations for the year 2030, with implications projected toward 2050. Results indicate that while a 20% hydrogen blend is technically feasible, domestic hydrogen supply remains insufficient, requiring explicitly quantified large-scale imports and storage expansion. The analysis further identifies storage capacity and seasonal supply-demand mismatches as binding constraints, alongside technical barriers such as metering errors, odorant fading, and appliance adaptation, which remain critical to safe implementation. The findings underscore that blending can serve as a transitional measure toward a fully hydrogen-based heating system, provided that regulatory standards and infrastructure upgrades are systematically aligned. By linking regional offshore renewable allocation, hydrogen availability, and storage requirements, this integrated analysis contributes to the Hydrogen Roadmap 2050 by moving beyond confirmation of blending feasibility and instead delivering region-specific, quantitative insights that inform infrastructure planning, policy design, and long-term heating decarbonization pathways.
{"title":"Hydrogen Roadmap 2050: Technical and economic perspectives on hydrogen green blending in the heating sector Northern Netherlands","authors":"Willem Hilverda, Songul Tekeli, Evrim Ursavas, Stuart X. Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153640","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153640","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Netherlands aims to phase out natural gas by 2050, positioning hydrogen as a cornerstone of the national energy transition. This study examines the technical and economic feasibility of hydrogen blending in the heating sector of the Northern Netherlands, a region-specific case where hydrogen integration is actively pursued as part of a designated Hydrogen Valley strategy under the EU Green Deal. A mixed-method approach is adopted, combining a focused review of the technical challenges of hydrogen blending — including gas metering accuracy, odorization stability, stratification, and appliance performance — with quantitative scenario-based techno-economic modeling using Monte Carlo simulation. In contrast to prior qualitative assessments, six blending scenarios are analyzed under varying renewable capacities and hydrogen allocations for the year 2030, with implications projected toward 2050. Results indicate that while a 20% hydrogen blend is technically feasible, domestic hydrogen supply remains insufficient, requiring explicitly quantified large-scale imports and storage expansion. The analysis further identifies storage capacity and seasonal supply-demand mismatches as binding constraints, alongside technical barriers such as metering errors, odorant fading, and appliance adaptation, which remain critical to safe implementation. The findings underscore that blending can serve as a transitional measure toward a fully hydrogen-based heating system, provided that regulatory standards and infrastructure upgrades are systematically aligned. By linking regional offshore renewable allocation, hydrogen availability, and storage requirements, this integrated analysis contributes to the Hydrogen Roadmap 2050 by moving beyond confirmation of blending feasibility and instead delivering region-specific, quantitative insights that inform infrastructure planning, policy design, and long-term heating decarbonization pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 153640"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153742
Joachim Lundberg
Subsea hydrogen storage presents a promising alternative to conventional land-based pressure vessels, offering inherent advantages related to fire prevention and containment. However, accidental releases still pose safety challenges, particularly the formation of explosive hydrogen-air mixtures at the water surface. This study develops a one-dimensional integral model to simulate hydrogen plume behaviour following a high-pressure subsea gas release. The model incorporates subsea jet dynamics, buoyant bubble plume formation, and turbulent mixing at the air–water interface. Validation is performed using existing experimental data alongside a dedicated experimental campaign employing helium as a surrogate gas. Model and experiments show hydrogen concentrations dilute rapidly above water, reducing explosion risk. The findings provide critical insights for risk assessment and safety design of subsea hydrogen storage systems.
{"title":"Accidental release from subsea hydrogen storage – Mathematical model and experimental measurements","authors":"Joachim Lundberg","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Subsea hydrogen storage presents a promising alternative to conventional land-based pressure vessels, offering inherent advantages related to fire prevention and containment. However, accidental releases still pose safety challenges, particularly the formation of explosive hydrogen-air mixtures at the water surface. This study develops a one-dimensional integral model to simulate hydrogen plume behaviour following a high-pressure subsea gas release. The model incorporates subsea jet dynamics, buoyant bubble plume formation, and turbulent mixing at the air–water interface. Validation is performed using existing experimental data alongside a dedicated experimental campaign employing helium as a surrogate gas. Model and experiments show hydrogen concentrations dilute rapidly above water, reducing explosion risk. The findings provide critical insights for risk assessment and safety design of subsea hydrogen storage systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 153742"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153773
Antonio Hurtado , Alberto Llamas , Juan F. Llamas , Luis F. Mazadiego , Sonsoles Eguilior
Selecting suitable sites for geological hydrogen storage requires integrating geological, technical, economic, environmental, and social criteria. We review the literature to develop a standardized framework of 35 criteria across six domains and use Bayesian Belief Networks (BBNs) to analyse their frequency and co-occurrence in 43 papers [1-43]. Stratified analysis and Kullback–Leibler divergence reveal a systematic bias toward geoscientific criteria and underrepresentation of economic and social factors. We propose a Hierarchical Domain-Based Bayesian Network to correct these biases and support balanced, transparent evaluations. An illustrative application to a theoretical salt dome shows that targeted improvements in infrastructure and socio-economic factors can raise feasibility from 62.10 % to 79.98 %, crossing a pragmatic viability threshold (∼75 %). Sensitivity analysis identifies infrastructure development as the highest-leverage domain and operational flexibility as a key economic bottleneck. This study provides a reproducible diagnostic method and a robust framework for multidisciplinary site assessment.
{"title":"Integrating multidisciplinary criteria for the evaluation of geological hydrogen storage sites","authors":"Antonio Hurtado , Alberto Llamas , Juan F. Llamas , Luis F. Mazadiego , Sonsoles Eguilior","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153773","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153773","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Selecting suitable sites for geological hydrogen storage requires integrating geological, technical, economic, environmental, and social criteria. We review the literature to develop a standardized framework of 35 criteria across six domains and use Bayesian Belief Networks (BBNs) to analyse their frequency and co-occurrence in 43 papers [1-43]. Stratified analysis and Kullback–Leibler divergence reveal a systematic bias toward geoscientific criteria and underrepresentation of economic and social factors. We propose a Hierarchical Domain-Based Bayesian Network to correct these biases and support balanced, transparent evaluations. An illustrative application to a theoretical salt dome shows that targeted improvements in infrastructure and socio-economic factors can raise feasibility from 62.10 % to 79.98 %, crossing a pragmatic viability threshold (∼75 %). Sensitivity analysis identifies infrastructure development as the highest-leverage domain and operational flexibility as a key economic bottleneck. This study provides a reproducible diagnostic method and a robust framework for multidisciplinary site assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 153773"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153781
Xiuxiu Tian, Yafei Zhang, Wenfeng Xu, Weina Mu, Chun Chang
In4SnS8 exhibits significant potential for efficient hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production owing to its visible-light responsiveness and sufficiently negative conduction band position. However, in-depth investigations into its photocatalytic H2O2 generation remain limited. In this study, hierarchical In4SnS8 nanoflowers were controllably synthesized via precise regulation of hydrothermal temperature and duration, achieving maximal exposure of the (311) crystal facets and optimization of the band structure. The optimal sample (obtained at 140 °C for 48 h) demonstrated exceptional catalytic activity under visible-light irradiation, achieving an H2O2 yield of 253.59 μmol g−1 h−1. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that H2O2 production primarily follows a two-step oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) pathway mediated by superoxide radicals (·O2−) as the key intermediate. Additionally, the synergistic effect of photogenerated holes (h+) and singlet oxygen (1O2) further amplified catalytic efficiency. This work clears the mechanism of H2O2 photoproduction over In4SnS8-based materials and provides insights for designing high-performance photocatalysts to advance solar-driven H2O2 synthesis.
{"title":"Crystal facet engineering and band structure modulation of In4SnS8 for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide production: Mechanistic insights","authors":"Xiuxiu Tian, Yafei Zhang, Wenfeng Xu, Weina Mu, Chun Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In<sub>4</sub>SnS<sub>8</sub> exhibits significant potential for efficient hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) production owing to its visible-light responsiveness and sufficiently negative conduction band position. However, in-depth investigations into its photocatalytic H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> generation remain limited. In this study, hierarchical In<sub>4</sub>SnS<sub>8</sub> nanoflowers were controllably synthesized via precise regulation of hydrothermal temperature and duration, achieving maximal exposure of the (311) crystal facets and optimization of the band structure. The optimal sample (obtained at 140 °C for 48 h) demonstrated exceptional catalytic activity under visible-light irradiation, achieving an H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> yield of 253.59 μmol g<sup>−1</sup> h<sup>−1</sup>. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> production primarily follows a two-step oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) pathway mediated by superoxide radicals (·O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>) as the key intermediate. Additionally, the synergistic effect of photogenerated holes (h<sup>+</sup>) and singlet oxygen (<sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>) further amplified catalytic efficiency. This work clears the mechanism of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> photoproduction over In<sub>4</sub>SnS<sub>8</sub>-based materials and provides insights for designing high-performance photocatalysts to advance solar-driven H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> synthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 153781"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153695
Baker Rhimi , Attiq Ur Rehman , Yuanzhi Hu , Sherif A. El-Khodary , Zhehao Liu , Min Zhou , Karim Harrath , Qiang Ma , Long Zhao , Zhifeng Jiang , Weidong Shi
The development of efficient and stable photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution is crucial for solar-to-fuel conversion. Here, we report Cu-porphyrin (CuTCPP)/oxygen-doped g-C3N4 (O–CN) nanohybrids as high-performance sonophotocatalysts, where strong π–π stacking interactions create robust heterojunctions that promote efficient charge separation and transfer. The optimal 2 % CuTCPP/O–CN2 sample exhibited a 3.3-fold enhancement in H2 evolution compared to O–CN2 under simulated light coupled with ultrasonication. Experimental results combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirmed the suppression of charge recombination and highlighted the synergistic contribution of ultrasonic excitation with light irradiation. Furthermore, oxygen doping was found to not only reinforce the CuTCPP/O–CN interface but also provides robust anchoring sites for Pt cocatalysts, preventing leaching and aggregation while electronically modulating Pt to optimize its d-band center and H2 adsorption free energy. These findings provide valuable insights into the rational design of stable and high-active hybrid photocatalysts for solar fuel generation.
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