Pub Date : 2024-09-26DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.09.243
Green hydrogen is seen as a promising energy carrier contributing to the decarbonization of the energy system. The competitiveness of green hydrogen compared to conventional produced (grey) hydrogen strongly depends on the investment cost of electrolysers and the costs of required green electricity. Accordingly, the expected investment costs and the efficiency of the production process for electrolysis technologies will play a decisive role. Experience curves can help estimate these crucial key parameters better. This paper applies experience curves to electrolysis technologies to enhance the understanding of these developments, specifically for alkaline, proton exchange membranes and solid oxide electrolysis. Experience rates are estimated using one- and two-factor experience curves for CAPEX and one-factor experience curves for electricity consumption. An independent and extensive database of CAPEX, electrical consumption and cumulative installed capacity was developed. Additionally, two different time frames and different data handling techniques are applied to understand the impact on the experience rates and the fit of the experience curve to the data provided. Based on the extensive database developed, CAPEX experience rates for the technologies range from 7%–21%, depending on the technology. In almost all cases, a two-factor experience curve analysis reduces the experience rate based on the cumulative installed capacity with the experience rate based on the size ranging between 7.4-10.2 % for all technologies. Lastly, the experience curve of the electrical consumption expects a reduction of around 1-3.5 % with each doubling of the capacity.
{"title":"Derivation of one- and two-factor experience curves for electrolysis technologies","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.09.243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.09.243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Green hydrogen is seen as a promising energy carrier contributing to the decarbonization of the energy system. The competitiveness of green hydrogen compared to conventional produced (grey) hydrogen strongly depends on the investment cost of electrolysers and the costs of required green electricity. Accordingly, the expected investment costs and the efficiency of the production process for electrolysis technologies will play a decisive role. Experience curves can help estimate these crucial key parameters better. This paper applies experience curves to electrolysis technologies to enhance the understanding of these developments, specifically for alkaline, proton exchange membranes and solid oxide electrolysis. Experience rates are estimated using one- and two-factor experience curves for CAPEX and one-factor experience curves for electricity consumption. An independent and extensive database of CAPEX, electrical consumption and cumulative installed capacity was developed. Additionally, two different time frames and different data handling techniques are applied to understand the impact on the experience rates and the fit of the experience curve to the data provided. Based on the extensive database developed, CAPEX experience rates for the technologies range from 7%–21%, depending on the technology. In almost all cases, a two-factor experience curve analysis reduces the experience rate based on the cumulative installed capacity with the experience rate based on the size ranging between 7.4-10.2 % for all technologies. Lastly, the experience curve of the electrical consumption expects a reduction of around 1-3.5 % with each doubling of the capacity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142323949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-26DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.09.287
The use of a photo-electrochemical cell (PEC) to produce hydrogen from wastewater is a promising innovation. In this context, this study investigates the impact of a pollutant on the photo-electrochemical properties of sol-gel synthesized TiO2 and TiO2–Co3O4 thin films for hydrogen production in a polluted electrolyte. Combining the photocatalytic properties of TiO2 with the electronic properties of Co3O4 offers an effective solution for achieving effective photo-electrochemical properties in polluted environments. Nevertheless, despite the lowest photocatalytic activity, the hybrid thin film TiO2–Co3O4 with the highest Ti/Co ratio (1:0.5) shows the most promising performance with simultaneous 11.4 μmol cm−2 h−1 H2 production and 12% acid orange 7 degradation after 3 h irradiation under xenon light without the use of any sacrificial agent. This indicates that the electronic conductivity provided by the presence of Co3O4 is a critical property for achieving optimal performance in PEC coupling for hydrogen production and wastewater treatment.
{"title":"Photo-electrochemical study of TiO2/Co3O4 thin films in polluted electrolyte: A promising route for coupling hydrogen production with water remediation","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.09.287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.09.287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of a photo-electrochemical cell (PEC) to produce hydrogen from wastewater is a promising innovation. In this context, this study investigates the impact of a pollutant on the photo-electrochemical properties of sol-gel synthesized TiO<sub>2</sub> and TiO<sub>2</sub>–Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> thin films for hydrogen production in a polluted electrolyte. Combining the photocatalytic properties of TiO<sub>2</sub> with the electronic properties of Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> offers an effective solution for achieving effective photo-electrochemical properties in polluted environments. Nevertheless, despite the lowest photocatalytic activity, the hybrid thin film TiO<sub>2</sub>–Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> with the highest Ti/Co ratio (1:0.5) shows the most promising performance with simultaneous 11.4 μmol cm<sup>−2</sup> h<sup>−1</sup> H<sub>2</sub> production and 12% acid orange 7 degradation after 3 h irradiation under xenon light without the use of any sacrificial agent. This indicates that the electronic conductivity provided by the presence of Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> is a critical property for achieving optimal performance in PEC coupling for hydrogen production and wastewater treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142323832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-26DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.09.252
In the recent years, the growing pressure by the European Union to phase out the internal combustion engines has raised the quest for alternative solutions for low-environmental-impact mobility. Nevertheless, concerns on the life-cycle emissions of battery electric vehicles and perplexities on the socio-economic sustainability of the ecological transition suggest that maintaining the interest in internal combustion engines can be strategic, provided that carbon-neutral fuels are adopted. On the basis of the technological neutrality principle, relying on already existing and well-established technologies requires less effort and cost to convert the whole road transport. Moreover, the adoption of bio- or e-fuels obtained from renewable sources widely spread across the globe is not of secondary importance. In fact, cost reduction and worldwide diffusion of the resources are both main promoters of socio-economic sustainability.
In this scenario, green hydrogen represents one of the main solutions for the survival of reciprocating engines. Since the production is solely based on renewable energy sources, it is not simply characterized by zero CO2 emissions at the tailpipe, but it can be considered overall carbon neutral. A technical drawback in the use of hydrogen is represented by emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), due to the ever-present high temperature combustion process. For this reason, an ad-hoc design is mandatory to minimize NOx production, and CFD can be a valid tool to reduce cost and time to market for the development of hydrogen engines.
In this regard, the current work proposes a 3D-CFD numerical methodology, based on the combination of G-Equation and Detailed Chemistry models, for NOx prediction in in-cylinder simulations of reciprocating internal combustion engines fueled with hydrogen. Although the combination of level-set method and chemical kinetics is not a novelty in literature, it is the first time that it is applied to evaluate NOx emissions in H2 engines. The proposed approach is validated against experimental data on a direct injection, spark ignition, hydrogen engine. The methodology is able to properly predict NOx emissions at different mixture qualities, revving speeds and spark times. The total number of investigated cases is 17, which is a large set of simulations compared to the existing literature. Considering the best chemical mechanism (i.e. the one providing the best results among the tested ones), the error in the NOx prediction is always lower than 25% for all the simulations.
Once the methodology is validated, the effect of spark and injection timings on NOx is discussed. Such a deepening is useful to emphasize the potential of the CFD to investigate phenomena leading to emission formation and, thus, to optimize engine parameters for NOx reduction.
{"title":"Combination of G-Equation and Detailed Chemistry: An application to 3D-CFD hydrogen combustion simulations to predict NOx emissions in reciprocating internal combustion engines","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.09.252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.09.252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the recent years, the growing pressure by the European Union to phase out the internal combustion engines has raised the quest for alternative solutions for low-environmental-impact mobility. Nevertheless, concerns on the life-cycle emissions of battery electric vehicles and perplexities on the socio-economic sustainability of the ecological transition suggest that maintaining the interest in internal combustion engines can be strategic, provided that carbon-neutral fuels are adopted. On the basis of the technological neutrality principle, relying on already existing and well-established technologies requires less effort and cost to convert the whole road transport. Moreover, the adoption of bio- or e-fuels obtained from renewable sources widely spread across the globe is not of secondary importance. In fact, cost reduction and worldwide diffusion of the resources are both main promoters of socio-economic sustainability.</div><div>In this scenario, green hydrogen represents one of the main solutions for the survival of reciprocating engines. Since the production is solely based on renewable energy sources, it is not simply characterized by zero CO<sub>2</sub> emissions at the tailpipe, but it can be considered overall carbon neutral. A technical drawback in the use of hydrogen is represented by emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO<sub>x</sub>), due to the ever-present high temperature combustion process. For this reason, an ad-hoc design is mandatory to minimize NO<sub>x</sub> production, and CFD can be a valid tool to reduce cost and time to market for the development of hydrogen engines.</div><div>In this regard, the current work proposes a 3D-CFD numerical methodology, based on the combination of G-Equation and Detailed Chemistry models, for NO<sub>x</sub> prediction in in-cylinder simulations of reciprocating internal combustion engines fueled with hydrogen. Although the combination of level-set method and chemical kinetics is not a novelty in literature, it is the first time that it is applied to evaluate NO<sub>x</sub> emissions in H<sub>2</sub> engines. The proposed approach is validated against experimental data on a direct injection, spark ignition, hydrogen engine. The methodology is able to properly predict NO<sub>x</sub> emissions at different mixture qualities, revving speeds and spark times. The total number of investigated cases is 17, which is a large set of simulations compared to the existing literature. Considering the best chemical mechanism (i.e. the one providing the best results among the tested ones), the error in the NO<sub>x</sub> prediction is always lower than 25% for all the simulations.</div><div>Once the methodology is validated, the effect of spark and injection timings on NO<sub>x</sub> is discussed. Such a deepening is useful to emphasize the potential of the CFD to investigate phenomena leading to emission formation and, thus, to optimize engine parameters for NO<sub>x</sub> reduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142323841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-26DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.09.244
This study investigates the development of a biopolymer blend electrolyte composed of alginate and poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), doped with glycolic acid (GA) to enhance H+ conductivity. The addition of GA significantly impacts the biopolymer blend's physicochemical properties and ionic conduction performance. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy verified the intricate interactions and hydrogen bonding between the alginate-PVA matrix and GA. The addition of GA was shown to increase the amorphous phase, as observed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. This increase in the amorphous phase was found to enhance the thermal stability. Impedance analysis demonstrated a significant increase in ionic conductivity from approximately ∼10⁻⁸ S cm⁻1 for the undoped blend to 3.45 × 10⁻⁵ S cm⁻1 with 30 wt% GA (sample GA-30). The enhanced H+ conduction behaviour was consistent across various temperatures, adhering to the Arrhenius rule. These findings suggest that the alginate-PVA-GA system is a promising candidate for efficient proton transport applications.
本研究调查了由海藻酸盐和聚（乙烯醇）（PVA）组成的生物聚合物混合电解质的开发情况，该电解质掺杂了乙醇酸（GA）以提高 H+ 的传导性。GA 的添加对生物聚合物混合物的理化特性和离子传导性能产生了重大影响。傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）验证了海藻酸-PVA 基质与 GA 之间错综复杂的相互作用和氢键。X 射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析表明，GA 的加入增加了无定形相。无定形相的增加提高了热稳定性。阻抗分析表明，离子电导率从未掺杂混合物的约 ∼10-⁸ S cm-1 显著增加到含有 30 wt% GA 的 3.45 × 10-⁵ S cm-1（样品 GA-30）。H+ 传导能力的增强在不同温度下都是一致的，符合阿伦尼乌斯定律。这些研究结果表明，藻酸盐-PVA-GA 系统有望成为高效质子传输应用的候选材料。
{"title":"Enhancing H+ conduction through glycolic acid-doped alginate-PVA based biopolymer electrolytes","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.09.244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.09.244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the development of a biopolymer blend electrolyte composed of alginate and poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), doped with glycolic acid (GA) to enhance H<sup>+</sup> conductivity. The addition of GA significantly impacts the biopolymer blend's physicochemical properties and ionic conduction performance. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy verified the intricate interactions and hydrogen bonding between the alginate-PVA matrix and GA. The addition of GA was shown to increase the amorphous phase, as observed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. This increase in the amorphous phase was found to enhance the thermal stability. Impedance analysis demonstrated a significant increase in ionic conductivity from approximately ∼10⁻⁸ S cm⁻<sup>1</sup> for the undoped blend to 3.45 × 10⁻⁵ S cm⁻<sup>1</sup> with 30 wt% GA (sample GA-30). The enhanced H<sup>+</sup> conduction behaviour was consistent across various temperatures, adhering to the Arrhenius rule. These findings suggest that the alginate-PVA-GA system is a promising candidate for efficient proton transport applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142323835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-26DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.09.309
Bismuth vanadate (BVO) with a small band gap and suitable band edges is regarded as one of the promising photocatalysts for water oxidation. However, the short charge-transfer path limits its photocatalytic performance. Establishing a heterojunction and incorporating a co-catalyst are feasible methods to improve the photocatalytic ability of BVO by enhancing carrier transfer rates and reducing in-electrode resistances. In this study, nickel tellurium oxide (NTO) and cobalt iron Prussian blue analogues (CoFePBA) are incorporated into the BVO electrode to respectively develop a heterojunction and decorate co-catalyst for efficiently catalyzing the water oxidation reaction for the first time. Different amounts of CoFePBA are deposited on the NTO/BVO electrode by varying the electrodeposition durations to enhance exited charge generations and maintain high absorbance of incident light. The largest photocurrent density of 6.55 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode is attained for the optimal CoFePBA/NTO/BVO electrode prepared using an electrodeposition duration of 2 min. Excellent catalytic stability is also achieved, with the photocurrent retention of 91.9% after illuminating the electrode for 5000 s. This study provides blueprints for incorporating novel electrochemically active materials in the BVO system to realize heterojunction and co-catalyst strategies, thereby attaining excellent photocatalytic ability toward water oxidation.
{"title":"Strategic integration of nickel tellurium oxide and cobalt iron prussian blue analogue into bismuth vanadate for enhanced photoelectrochemical water oxidation","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.09.309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.09.309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bismuth vanadate (BVO) with a small band gap and suitable band edges is regarded as one of the promising photocatalysts for water oxidation. However, the short charge-transfer path limits its photocatalytic performance. Establishing a heterojunction and incorporating a co-catalyst are feasible methods to improve the photocatalytic ability of BVO by enhancing carrier transfer rates and reducing in-electrode resistances. In this study, nickel tellurium oxide (NTO) and cobalt iron Prussian blue analogues (CoFePBA) are incorporated into the BVO electrode to respectively develop a heterojunction and decorate co-catalyst for efficiently catalyzing the water oxidation reaction for the first time. Different amounts of CoFePBA are deposited on the NTO/BVO electrode by varying the electrodeposition durations to enhance exited charge generations and maintain high absorbance of incident light. The largest photocurrent density of 6.55 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode is attained for the optimal CoFePBA/NTO/BVO electrode prepared using an electrodeposition duration of 2 min. Excellent catalytic stability is also achieved, with the photocurrent retention of 91.9% after illuminating the electrode for 5000 s. This study provides blueprints for incorporating novel electrochemically active materials in the BVO system to realize heterojunction and co-catalyst strategies, thereby attaining excellent photocatalytic ability toward water oxidation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142323833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.09.194
Electrocatalytic water splitting technology, as an essential method for storing and converting renewable energy, has garnered significant attention. However, traditional electrolytic water splitting is hampered by issues such as noble metal catalysts are expensive and unstable, limiting its widespread application. To address this challenge, this study proposes an innovative method that utilizes nickel metal-organic framework (Ni-MOF) as a support to firmly anchor platinum (Pt) nanoparticles on its surface. This approach not only overcomes the high cost and instability associated with traditional noble metal catalysts but also leverages the strong chelation effect of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA·2Na) and the strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) at the Ni–O–Pt interface, prompting catalysts to possess excellent stability and catalytic activity. The catalyst exhibits excellent performance in promoting the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and overall electrolysis of water, maintaining stability throughout the entire electrochemical process. At a current density of 10 mA cm−2, the overpotentials for HER and OER with Pt1·5/Ni-MOF are only 29 mV and 234 mV, respectively. When Pt1·5/Ni-MOF serves as both the cathode and anode for overall water splitting, only a low voltage of 1.557 V is needed. This study offers fresh insights into the development of stable, efficient, and low-budget dual-functional catalysts for water electrolysis, with the potential to drive the commercialization of water electrolysis technology and make significant contributions to the advancement of clean energy.
电催化水分离技术作为一种储存和转换可再生能源的重要方法，受到了广泛关注。然而，传统的电解水分离技术受到贵金属催化剂昂贵且不稳定等问题的阻碍，限制了其广泛应用。为应对这一挑战，本研究提出了一种创新方法，即利用镍金属有机框架（Ni-MOF）作为支撑，在其表面牢固锚定铂（Pt）纳米粒子。这种方法不仅克服了传统贵金属催化剂的高成本和不稳定性，还利用了乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐（EDTA-2Na）的强螯合作用和 Ni-O-Pt 界面的强金属-支撑相互作用（SMSI），使催化剂具有出色的稳定性和催化活性。该催化剂在促进氢进化反应（HER）、氧进化反应（OER）和水的整体电解方面表现优异，并在整个电化学过程中保持稳定。在 10 mA cm-2 的电流密度下，Pt1-5/Ni-MOF 的氢进化反应和氧进化反应的过电位分别只有 29 mV 和 234 mV。当 Pt1-5/Ni-MOF 同时作为阴极和阳极进行整体水分离时，只需要 1.557 V 的低电压。这项研究为开发稳定、高效、低成本的水电解双功能催化剂提供了新的见解，有望推动水电解技术的商业化，为清洁能源的发展做出重大贡献。
{"title":"The strong metal-support interaction at Ni–O–Pt interface facilitates rapid electrocatalytic hydrogen production","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.09.194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.09.194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrocatalytic water splitting technology, as an essential method for storing and converting renewable energy, has garnered significant attention. However, traditional electrolytic water splitting is hampered by issues such as noble metal catalysts are expensive and unstable, limiting its widespread application. To address this challenge, this study proposes an innovative method that utilizes nickel metal-organic framework (Ni-MOF) as a support to firmly anchor platinum (Pt) nanoparticles on its surface. This approach not only overcomes the high cost and instability associated with traditional noble metal catalysts but also leverages the strong chelation effect of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA·2Na) and the strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) at the Ni–<em>O</em>–Pt interface, prompting catalysts to possess excellent stability and catalytic activity. The catalyst exhibits excellent performance in promoting the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and overall electrolysis of water, maintaining stability throughout the entire electrochemical process. At a current density of 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>, the overpotentials for HER and OER with Pt<sub>1·5</sub>/Ni-MOF are only 29 mV and 234 mV, respectively. When Pt<sub>1·5</sub>/Ni-MOF serves as both the cathode and anode for overall water splitting, only a low voltage of 1.557 V is needed. This study offers fresh insights into the development of stable, efficient, and low-budget dual-functional catalysts for water electrolysis, with the potential to drive the commercialization of water electrolysis technology and make significant contributions to the advancement of clean energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142319760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.09.259
Morphology engineering and elemental doping proved to be an efficient way to enhance the capacitive performance of electroactive materials. To investigate the tuning of morphology via doping here, pure α-Fe2O3 and Ni1-xMnxFeO3+δ (x = 0,0.3,0.5,0.7,1) was synthesized via the hydrothermal method and investigated the impact of Ni and Mn doping on the structural, morphological, and electrochemical properties of α-Fe2O3. The XRD and Raman spectra confirmed the single-phase hematite's rhombohedral crystal structure of pure α-Fe2O3 with no extra peaks confirming the Ni and Mn doping without impurities. SEM analysis demonstrated a shift in the morphology of nanostructures, from spherical to nano-rod structures with increasing the concentration of Mn doping. Cyclic voltammetry results unveiled the battery-type behavior of Ni1-xMnxFeO3+δ nanoparticles while GCD results indicated an escalation in specific capacity from 380 Cg-1 (706 Fg-1) to 751 Cg-1 (1251 Fg-1) with higher Mn content. This increase culminated in the highest specific capacity of 751 Cg-1 (1251 Fg-1) for α-MnFeO3 +δ nanoparticles at the current density of 1 Ag-1 which is higher than α-Fe2O3 (380 Cg-1), NiFeO3+δ (425 Cg-1), Ni0.7Mn0.3FeO3+δ (470 Cg-1), Ni0.5Mn0.5FeO3+δ (530 Cg-1), and Ni0.3Mn0.7FeO3+δ (590 Cg-1). In addition, α-MnFeO3+δ exhibited a remarkable charge capacity retention (96%), and 100% coulomb efficiency after 10,000 consecutive GCD cycles. The noteworthy specific capacity and robust stability of the α-MnFeO3+δ nanorods suggest their suitability as potential candidates for battery type supercapacitors.
{"title":"Monitoring the synergistic effect of Mn/Ni Co-doping and morphological engineering in α-Fe2O3 for energy storage capacity as battery type electrode material","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.09.259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.09.259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Morphology engineering and elemental doping proved to be an efficient way to enhance the capacitive performance of electroactive materials. To investigate the tuning of morphology via doping here, pure α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Ni<sub>1-x</sub>Mn<sub>x</sub>FeO<sub>3+δ</sub> (x = 0,0.3,0.5,0.7,1) was synthesized via the hydrothermal method and investigated the impact of Ni and Mn doping on the structural, morphological, and electrochemical properties of α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. The XRD and Raman spectra confirmed the single-phase hematite's rhombohedral crystal structure of pure α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> with no extra peaks confirming the Ni and Mn doping without impurities. SEM analysis demonstrated a shift in the morphology of nanostructures, from spherical to nano-rod structures with increasing the concentration of Mn doping. Cyclic voltammetry results unveiled the battery-type behavior of Ni<sub>1-x</sub>Mn<sub>x</sub>FeO<sub>3+δ</sub> nanoparticles while GCD results indicated an escalation in specific capacity from 380 Cg<sup>-1</sup> (706 Fg<sup>-1</sup>) to 751 Cg<sup>-1</sup> (1251 Fg<sup>-1</sup>) with higher Mn content. This increase culminated in the highest specific capacity of 751 Cg<sup>-1</sup> (1251 Fg<sup>-1</sup>) for α-MnFeO<sub>3 +δ</sub> nanoparticles at the current density of 1 Ag<sup>-1</sup> which is higher than α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (380 Cg<sup>-1</sup>), NiFeO<sub>3+δ</sub> (425 Cg<sup>-1</sup>), Ni<sub>0.7</sub>Mn<sub>0.3</sub>FeO<sub>3+δ</sub> (470 Cg<sup>-1</sup>), Ni<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>0.5</sub>FeO<sub>3+δ</sub> (530 Cg<sup>-1</sup>), and Ni<sub>0.3</sub>Mn<sub>0.7</sub>FeO<sub>3+δ</sub> (590 Cg<sup>-1</sup>). In addition, α-MnFeO<sub>3+δ</sub> exhibited a remarkable charge capacity retention (96%), and 100% coulomb efficiency after 10,000 consecutive GCD cycles. The noteworthy specific capacity and robust stability of the α-MnFeO<sub>3+δ</sub> nanorods suggest their suitability as potential candidates for battery type supercapacitors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142319763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.09.315
Hydrogen generation through water electrolysis is greatly dependent on the development of energy and time-efficient techniques to construct stable and active electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Currently, major research focuses on producing hydrogen through direct seawater electrolysis instead of fresh water to build a sustainable society. However, competitive reactions such as chlorine evolution reaction (CIER) beyond OER and electrode erosion issues make seawater electrolysis more difficult. Here, we report an interfacial engineering strategy that constructs a MnCo2O4@CoS hybrid structure by sulfurization of the spinal MnCo2O4 nanowires. The hybrid structure demonstrates an excellent OER performance in electrolytes containing alkaline and saltwater. Specifically, the prepared catalyst needs overpotentials of 205 mV and 225 mV to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 1 M KOH and alkaline seawater when used as OER electrocatalysts. This should be noted that the CoS layer on the surface of MnCo2O4 nanowires not only acts as a Cl‾ protective layer to impede electrode erosion and CIER but also provides metallic ions with a higher valence state to enhance the intrinsic catalytic activity of water oxidization. Thus, this type of electrocatalyst could represent a favorable choice, carrying substantial implications for hydrogen-based economies and environmental enhancement.
通过电解水制氢在很大程度上依赖于开发节能省时的技术，以构建稳定而活跃的氧进化反应（OER）电催化剂。目前，主要的研究重点是通过直接电解海水而不是淡水来制氢，以建设一个可持续发展的社会。然而，OER 之外的氯进化反应（CIER）等竞争反应以及电极侵蚀问题使得海水电解更加困难。在此，我们报告了一种界面工程策略，即通过硫化 MnCo2O4 纳米线来构建 MnCo2O4@CoS 混合结构。该杂化结构在含有碱性和盐水的电解质中表现出优异的 OER 性能。具体来说，所制备的催化剂在 1 M KOH 和碱性海水中用作 OER 电催化剂时，需要 205 mV 和 225 mV 的过电位才能提供 10 mA cm-2 的电流密度。值得注意的是，MnCo2O4 纳米线表面的 CoS 层不仅可以作为 Cl‾ 保护层，阻碍电极侵蚀和 CIER，还能提供价态更高的金属离子，提高水氧化的内在催化活性。因此，这种类型的电催化剂可能是一种有利的选择，对基于氢的经济和环境改善具有重大意义。
{"title":"Tuning the sulfide interface of MnCo2O4-based nanostructures enables efficient water/seawater electrolysis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.09.315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.09.315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen generation through water electrolysis is greatly dependent on the development of energy and time-efficient techniques to construct stable and active electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Currently, major research focuses on producing hydrogen through direct seawater electrolysis instead of fresh water to build a sustainable society. However, competitive reactions such as chlorine evolution reaction (CIER) beyond OER and electrode erosion issues make seawater electrolysis more difficult. Here, we report an interfacial engineering strategy that constructs a MnCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@CoS hybrid structure by sulfurization of the spinal MnCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanowires. The hybrid structure demonstrates an excellent OER performance in electrolytes containing alkaline and saltwater. Specifically, the prepared catalyst needs overpotentials of 205 mV and 225 mV to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> in 1 M KOH and alkaline seawater when used as OER electrocatalysts. This should be noted that the CoS layer on the surface of MnCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanowires not only acts as a Cl<sup>‾</sup> protective layer to impede electrode erosion and CIER but also provides metallic ions with a higher valence state to enhance the intrinsic catalytic activity of water oxidization. Thus, this type of electrocatalyst could represent a favorable choice, carrying substantial implications for hydrogen-based economies and environmental enhancement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142319533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.09.120
It is crucial to develop effective electrocatalysts with multiple active sites for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in order to promote the advance energy conversion and development of sustainable energy technology. Here, we synthesized hierarchical nanostructured Ni2P on carbon cloth using ionic liquid (IL) assisted sacrificial template strategy through a simple two-step hydrothermal phosphatization process, which served as an electrode for enhancing bifunctional water electrolysis. By changing the content of ionic liquids in the solvent, the morphology of Ni(OH)2 precursors could be regulated, thereby altering the morphology of Ni2P. Ni2P exhibited remarkable electrocatalytic activity towards HER in acidic electrolytes with an overpotential of 132 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, as well as OER in alkaline media with the overpotential of 309 mV. The excellent electrocatalytic activity of the Ni2P-2 could be attributed to its hierarchical nanostructure providing abundant active sites, which benefits from the structural end-capping effect of ILs.
为氢进化反应（HER）和氧进化反应（OER）开发具有多个活性位点的有效电催化剂对于促进先进能源转换和可持续能源技术的发展至关重要。在此，我们采用离子液体（IL）辅助牺牲模板策略，通过简单的两步水热磷化过程，在碳布上合成了分层纳米结构的 Ni2P，并将其作为增强双功能水电解的电极。通过改变溶剂中离子液体的含量，可以调节 Ni(OH)2 前体的形态，从而改变 Ni2P 的形态。Ni2P 对酸性电解质中的 HER 和碱性介质中的 OER 具有显著的电催化活性，前者在 10 mA cm-2 电流密度下的过电位为 132 mV，后者的过电位为 309 mV。Ni2P-2 的优异电催化活性可归因于其分层纳米结构提供了丰富的活性位点，这得益于 IL 的结构端盖效应。
{"title":"Ionic liquid-assisted controlled synthesis of multi-site Ni2P as a bifunctional catalyst for electrocatalytic water splitting","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.09.120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.09.120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is crucial to develop effective electrocatalysts with multiple active sites for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in order to promote the advance energy conversion and development of sustainable energy technology. Here, we synthesized hierarchical nanostructured Ni<sub>2</sub>P on carbon cloth using ionic liquid (IL) assisted sacrificial template strategy through a simple two-step hydrothermal phosphatization process, which served as an electrode for enhancing bifunctional water electrolysis. By changing the content of ionic liquids in the solvent, the morphology of Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub> precursors could be regulated, thereby altering the morphology of Ni<sub>2</sub>P. Ni<sub>2</sub>P exhibited remarkable electrocatalytic activity towards HER in acidic electrolytes with an overpotential of 132 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>, as well as OER in alkaline media with the overpotential of 309 mV. The excellent electrocatalytic activity of the Ni<sub>2</sub>P-2 could be attributed to its hierarchical nanostructure providing abundant active sites, which benefits from the structural end-capping effect of ILs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142319759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.09.288
This study investigates the residual tensile behaviour of hybrid Carbon Glass fibers reinforced thermoplastic PEEK laminates after they were exposed for 5 min to a hydrogen/oxygen flame. This flame results in a severe thermal aggression characterized by a wall temperature ranging from 900 to 1270 °C and with different heat fluxes (from 200 to 800 kW/m2). The thermally-induced damages were examined by means of microscopic observations and micro CT analyses. The results show that the mass loss linearly depends on the measured heat flux for a 5 min exposure. Depending on the fire testing conditions, the mechanical properties in tension (stiffness and strength) are totally degraded after exposure to the highest heat fluxes (600 and 800 kW/m2) but the retention of the tensile properties is moderate (about −35 to −60% decrease in strength and stiffness, respectively) after exposure to a 200 kW/m2 heat flux. The residual tensile properties of CG/PEEK laminates follow master curves representing the correlations between the mass loss and the changes in the tensile properties regardless the heat flux. These master curves provide a relevant design rule for composite parts to be used under critical service conditions (H2/O2 flame exposure).
{"title":"Influence of a hydrogen/oxygen flame on the fire-behaviour and the tensile properties of hybrid Carbon Glass fibers reinforced PEEK composite laminates","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.09.288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.09.288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the residual tensile behaviour of hybrid Carbon Glass fibers reinforced thermoplastic PEEK laminates after they were exposed for 5 min to a hydrogen/oxygen flame. This flame results in a severe thermal aggression characterized by a wall temperature ranging from 900 to 1270 °C and with different heat fluxes (from 200 to 800 kW/m<sup>2</sup>). The thermally-induced damages were examined by means of microscopic observations and micro CT analyses. The results show that the mass loss linearly depends on the measured heat flux for a 5 min exposure. Depending on the fire testing conditions, the mechanical properties in tension (stiffness and strength) are totally degraded after exposure to the highest heat fluxes (600 and 800 kW/m<sup>2</sup>) but the retention of the tensile properties is moderate (about −35 to −60% decrease in strength and stiffness, respectively) after exposure to a 200 kW/m<sup>2</sup> heat flux. The residual tensile properties of CG/PEEK laminates follow master curves representing the correlations between the mass loss and the changes in the tensile properties regardless the heat flux. These master curves provide a relevant design rule for composite parts to be used under critical service conditions (H<sub>2</sub>/O<sub>2</sub> flame exposure).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142319762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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