Pub Date : 2025-03-06DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.456
Mohammad Malakootikhah
In this paper, a comprehensive dynamic study was conducted on the performance of an industrial water-cooled methanol reactor. The employed model consists of a pseudo-homogeneous model for mass transfer equation and a set of heat transfer equations, specialized for a packed catalytic bed. To achieve this, experimental data was gathered from a multi-tube catalytic reactor from a long-term performance reactor. For the dynamic analysis of catalyst deactivation, heat and mass transfer equations along with a model for catalyst aging were combined. The parameters of the deactivation model were adjusted, which resulted in good consistency with the experimental results for methanol production rate and reactor outlet temperature. This makes the proposed model a versatile tool for optimization and prediction of the catalyst's remaining lifetime, before its mechanical status fails. In addition, these results indicated that the cooling medium temperature and inlet pressure have significant effects on the activity of the catalyst, which are more than that of the reactor inlet temperature. Regarding catalyst selectivity, the simulation results also reveal that as the catalyst ages, the water-gas shift reaction rate decreases, which reduces both methanol reaction rate and its purity.
{"title":"Deactivation of methanol catalysts; A comparison of a dynamic modeling study with an industrial water-cooled methanol reactor","authors":"Mohammad Malakootikhah","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a comprehensive dynamic study was conducted on the performance of an industrial water-cooled methanol reactor. The employed model consists of a pseudo-homogeneous model for mass transfer equation and a set of heat transfer equations, specialized for a packed catalytic bed. To achieve this, experimental data was gathered from a multi-tube catalytic reactor from a long-term performance reactor. For the dynamic analysis of catalyst deactivation, heat and mass transfer equations along with a model for catalyst aging were combined. The parameters of the deactivation model were adjusted, which resulted in good consistency with the experimental results for methanol production rate and reactor outlet temperature. This makes the proposed model a versatile tool for optimization and prediction of the catalyst's remaining lifetime, before its mechanical status fails. In addition, these results indicated that the cooling medium temperature and inlet pressure have significant effects on the activity of the catalyst, which are more than that of the reactor inlet temperature. Regarding catalyst selectivity, the simulation results also reveal that as the catalyst ages, the water-gas shift reaction rate decreases, which reduces both methanol reaction rate and its purity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"114 ","pages":"Pages 221-228"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the isothermal reduction behavior of magnetite pellets in pure hydrogen at 1373 K was investigated, and the pore evolution mechanism of the iron phase had been studied using scanning electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption. The results showed that the reduction process of the pellets could be divided into three stages: rapid reaction, transition stage, and stagnation stage. The pore structure of the iron phase in the reduction process was evolving dynamically, and the metallic iron in the early reduction stage was a honeycomb structure with a concentration of small-size cross-linked pores, while in the later reduction stage, the metallic iron was mostly dense, and the internal pores became larger and more labyrinthine structure. Under different reduction time, the average pore size in the iron phase was 4.89–26.17 nm, the pores included micropores, small pores and mesopores, in which 5–10 nm micropores were dominant. These pores had good fractal characteristics, and the fractal dimension value was 2.478–2.863. Furthermore, the mechanism of pore formation in the iron phase was driven by the dynamics of H2 dissociation, diffusion, and Fe/FeO interfacial reactions.
{"title":"Study on pore structure of iron phase in magnetite pellets reduced by pure hydrogen based on nitrogen adsorption method","authors":"Shuai Tong, Ying Xu, Lukuo Hong, Caijiao Sun, Liqun Ai, Jiansong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.03.035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.03.035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the isothermal reduction behavior of magnetite pellets in pure hydrogen at 1373 K was investigated, and the pore evolution mechanism of the iron phase had been studied using scanning electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption. The results showed that the reduction process of the pellets could be divided into three stages: rapid reaction, transition stage, and stagnation stage. The pore structure of the iron phase in the reduction process was evolving dynamically, and the metallic iron in the early reduction stage was a honeycomb structure with a concentration of small-size cross-linked pores, while in the later reduction stage, the metallic iron was mostly dense, and the internal pores became larger and more labyrinthine structure. Under different reduction time, the average pore size in the iron phase was 4.89–26.17 nm, the pores included micropores, small pores and mesopores, in which 5–10 nm micropores were dominant. These pores had good fractal characteristics, and the fractal dimension value was 2.478–2.863. Furthermore, the mechanism of pore formation in the iron phase was driven by the dynamics of H<sub>2</sub> dissociation, diffusion, and Fe/FeO interfacial reactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"114 ","pages":"Pages 186-193"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.01.407
Daijun Wei , Tong Zhang , Tanqing Zhou , Quan Dong , Xiyu Yang
Accurately predicting the on-board H2 injection mass is challenging for clean and efficient carbon-free internal combustion engine development. A hybrid algorithm based on H2 pipe pressure identification and neural network modeling of H2-diesel direct injection is proposed (H2DDI) to predict the on-board H2 injection mass for H2DDI engines. This is a non-invasive method, which potentially realize the on-board closed-loop control for the H2DDI engines based on the real-time H2 rail pressure acquisition. In this study, the H2 injection mass flow rate is measured based on a flow momentum test bench. The relation of H2 injection, injection pressure and injection duration are mapped for further validation. To achieve on-board mass flow prediction, the H2 inlet pressure is monitored and derived to identify the practical injection duration based on mean instantaneous frequency (MIF). According to the calibrated mass flow map and the on-board injection pressure and injection duration, the artificial neural network is adopted to predict the injection mass. The results show that the error of the predicted injection mass is less than 5% with a wide range of working condition, which provides the feasibility of the real-time mass flow monitoring based on on-board H2 inlet pressure fluctuation.
{"title":"An on-board hydrogen injection mass prediction method for hydrogen dual-fuel direct injection engine using transient pressure signal identification and neural network","authors":"Daijun Wei , Tong Zhang , Tanqing Zhou , Quan Dong , Xiyu Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.01.407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.01.407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurately predicting the on-board H<sub>2</sub> injection mass is challenging for clean and efficient carbon-free internal combustion engine development. A hybrid algorithm based on H<sub>2</sub> pipe pressure identification and neural network modeling of H<sub>2</sub>-diesel direct injection is proposed (H<sub>2</sub>DDI) to predict the on-board H<sub>2</sub> injection mass for H<sub>2</sub>DDI engines. This is a non-invasive method, which potentially realize the on-board closed-loop control for the H<sub>2</sub>DDI engines based on the real-time H<sub>2</sub> rail pressure acquisition. In this study, the H<sub>2</sub> injection mass flow rate is measured based on a flow momentum test bench. The relation of H<sub>2</sub> injection, injection pressure and injection duration are mapped for further validation. To achieve on-board mass flow prediction, the H<sub>2</sub> inlet pressure is monitored and derived to identify the practical injection duration based on mean instantaneous frequency (<em>MIF</em>). According to the calibrated mass flow map and the on-board injection pressure and injection duration, the artificial neural network is adopted to predict the injection mass. The results show that the error of the predicted injection mass is less than 5% with a wide range of working condition, which provides the feasibility of the real-time mass flow monitoring based on on-board H<sub>2</sub> inlet pressure fluctuation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"113 ","pages":"Pages 451-465"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.329
Xiaoyu Wang , Minfang Han , Ye Huang , Yongliang Zhang , Biao Ma , Qiucheng Zhou , Kaihua Sun , Haijun Zhong
Ce0.9Gd0.1O2-δ (GDC) is used as the barrier layer of the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) maturely due to its advantages of high oxygen ion conductivity and excellent chemical stability.It can prevent the interfacial reaction between the cathode perovskite material and the fluorite electrolyte material effectively. In this study, the dense GDC barrier layer with fewer flaws and better gas tightness was prepared by screen-printing method and co-sintering. Improving the density of the GDC barrier layer and reducing the flaws on the interface between the GDC barrier layer and the electrolyte can contribute to the faster oxygen ion transfer, making the SOFC shows better electrochemical performance. Furthermore, densifying the GDC barrier layer can also weaken the influences of the oxygen partial pressure and the temperature on the oxygen ions conductivity of the GDC barrier layer, making the ohmic resistance of the SOFC no longer vary obviously with the oxygen partial pressure, especially at lower operation temperature. In addition, the increasing oxygen partial pressure contributed to the gaseous phase diffusion and exchange on the cathode, lowering both the cathode polarization resistance and the total resistance of the SOFC, and improving the electrochemical performance of the SOFC. This study can deepen the understanding of the GDC barrier layer, and contributes to the large-scale production and further application of the GDC barrier layer during the commercialization of the SOFC.
{"title":"Influences of the thickness and density of the gadolinia doped ceria barrier layer on the performance of the solid oxide fuel cell","authors":"Xiaoyu Wang , Minfang Han , Ye Huang , Yongliang Zhang , Biao Ma , Qiucheng Zhou , Kaihua Sun , Haijun Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ce<sub>0.9</sub>Gd<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>2-δ</sub> (GDC) is used as the barrier layer of the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) maturely due to its advantages of high oxygen ion conductivity and excellent chemical stability.It can prevent the interfacial reaction between the cathode perovskite material and the fluorite electrolyte material effectively. In this study, the dense GDC barrier layer with fewer flaws and better gas tightness was prepared by screen-printing method and co-sintering. Improving the density of the GDC barrier layer and reducing the flaws on the interface between the GDC barrier layer and the electrolyte can contribute to the faster oxygen ion transfer, making the SOFC shows better electrochemical performance. Furthermore, densifying the GDC barrier layer can also weaken the influences of the oxygen partial pressure and the temperature on the oxygen ions conductivity of the GDC barrier layer, making the ohmic resistance of the SOFC no longer vary obviously with the oxygen partial pressure, especially at lower operation temperature. In addition, the increasing oxygen partial pressure contributed to the gaseous phase diffusion and exchange on the cathode, lowering both the cathode polarization resistance and the total resistance of the SOFC, and improving the electrochemical performance of the SOFC. This study can deepen the understanding of the GDC barrier layer, and contributes to the large-scale production and further application of the GDC barrier layer during the commercialization of the SOFC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"113 ","pages":"Pages 355-365"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.472
Vanessa Rute Zavala, Iury Barbosa Pereira, Rodrigo da Silva Vieira, Francisco Izaias da Silva Aires, Dayana Nascimento Dari, John Hebert da Silva Félix, Rita Karolinny Chaves de Lima, José Cleiton Sousa dos Santos
Over the years, green hydrogen has proven to be promising in storing and producing clean energy, in addition to meeting the demands of various sectors through promising technologies. For its use to become viable, technological advances in its storage process are necessary to ensure the safe use of this resource. Hydrogen storage includes liquid hydrogen, hydrogen adsorbed in 25 metal hydrides, geological storage, and compressed gas (CGH2). The bibliometric analysis conducted on more than 42,218 articles published between 2014 and 2024 using Citespace and VOSviewer reveals the growth in research involving green hydrogen, which boosts policies focused on the environment and the advancement of technologies related to this theme. The study highlights collaboration between countries, authors, and institutions, with countries like China and the United States leading the publications and the International Journal of Hydrogen Energy being very influential. The surveys reveal that green hydrogen is crucial for a low-carbon scenario, being a viable substitute for fossil fuels. The storage technologies were listed, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages, as well as the use of nanomaterials in overcoming existing challenges in the sustainable use of this resource in the energy sector. This study emphasizes the importance of green hydrogen storage, considering the need for a sustainable energy matrix that requires incentives and long-term investments to develop new research.
{"title":"Challenges and innovations in green hydrogen storage technologies","authors":"Vanessa Rute Zavala, Iury Barbosa Pereira, Rodrigo da Silva Vieira, Francisco Izaias da Silva Aires, Dayana Nascimento Dari, John Hebert da Silva Félix, Rita Karolinny Chaves de Lima, José Cleiton Sousa dos Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the years, green hydrogen has proven to be promising in storing and producing clean energy, in addition to meeting the demands of various sectors through promising technologies. For its use to become viable, technological advances in its storage process are necessary to ensure the safe use of this resource. Hydrogen storage includes liquid hydrogen, hydrogen adsorbed in 25 metal hydrides, geological storage, and compressed gas (CGH2). The bibliometric analysis conducted on more than 42,218 articles published between 2014 and 2024 using Citespace and VOSviewer reveals the growth in research involving green hydrogen, which boosts policies focused on the environment and the advancement of technologies related to this theme. The study highlights collaboration between countries, authors, and institutions, with countries like China and the United States leading the publications and the International Journal of Hydrogen Energy being very influential. The surveys reveal that green hydrogen is crucial for a low-carbon scenario, being a viable substitute for fossil fuels. The storage technologies were listed, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages, as well as the use of nanomaterials in overcoming existing challenges in the sustainable use of this resource in the energy sector. This study emphasizes the importance of green hydrogen storage, considering the need for a sustainable energy matrix that requires incentives and long-term investments to develop new research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"113 ","pages":"Pages 322-339"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.338
Zhi-Hui Pu , Shuo-En Yu , Cheng-Che Hsu , I-Chih Ni , Chih-I Wu , Nitika Devi , Chang-Xin Liu , Yong-Song Chen , I-Chun Cheng , Jian-Zhang Chen
A NiCo metal organic framework (MOF) was solvothermally synthesized on carbon paper (CP) (NiCo-MOF/CP) as a catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The NiCo-MOF/CP catalyst modified using ultrafast atmospheric-pressure plasma jet (APPJ) treatment improved the OER performance. Through APPJ treatment for 60 s, high-valence oxidation states (Ni3+, Co3+) and oxygen vacancies can be introduced on the surface of the electrocatalyst while maintaining the MOF structure. NiCo-MOF/CP electrocatalysts treated for 60 s exhibited the best OER activity, with the overpotential decreasing from 843 mV to 680 mV at a current density of 100 mA/cm2. The double-layer capacitance (2Cdl) value increased from 9.55 mF/cm2 to 45.77 mF/cm2, indicating that the APPJ treatment significantly increased the active surface area. Testing the electrocatalyst as an anode (OER) electrode in anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) at 25 °C, plasma treatment increased the energy efficiency from 77.14% to 80.69% at a current density of 100 mA/cm2. At 70 °C and a current density of 500 mA/cm2, the specific energy consumption reached 4.37 kWh/m3, and the cell voltage dropped to 1.71 V, demonstrating excellent low voltage performance. The durability test results show that after plasma treatment, the degradation rate decreased from 718.3 μV/h to −118.3 μV/h. These results indicate that APPJ treatment can improve the performance of OER electrocatalysts in AEMWE.
{"title":"Improved oxygen evolution reaction performance of NiCo-metal organic framework/carbon paper catalysts in anion exchange membrane water electrolysis via ultrafast atmospheric-pressure plasma jet processing","authors":"Zhi-Hui Pu , Shuo-En Yu , Cheng-Che Hsu , I-Chih Ni , Chih-I Wu , Nitika Devi , Chang-Xin Liu , Yong-Song Chen , I-Chun Cheng , Jian-Zhang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A NiCo metal organic framework (MOF) was solvothermally synthesized on carbon paper (CP) (NiCo-MOF/CP) as a catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The NiCo-MOF/CP catalyst modified using ultrafast atmospheric-pressure plasma jet (APPJ) treatment improved the OER performance. Through APPJ treatment for 60 s, high-valence oxidation states (Ni<sup>3+</sup>, Co<sup>3+</sup>) and oxygen vacancies can be introduced on the surface of the electrocatalyst while maintaining the MOF structure. NiCo-MOF/CP electrocatalysts treated for 60 s exhibited the best OER activity, with the overpotential decreasing from 843 mV to 680 mV at a current density of 100 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>. The double-layer capacitance (2C<sub>dl</sub>) value increased from 9.55 mF/cm<sup>2</sup> to 45.77 mF/cm<sup>2</sup>, indicating that the APPJ treatment significantly increased the active surface area. Testing the electrocatalyst as an anode (OER) electrode in anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) at 25 °C, plasma treatment increased the energy efficiency from 77.14% to 80.69% at a current density of 100 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>. At 70 °C and a current density of 500 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, the specific energy consumption reached 4.37 kWh/m<sup>3</sup>, and the cell voltage dropped to 1.71 V, demonstrating excellent low voltage performance. The durability test results show that after plasma treatment, the degradation rate decreased from 718.3 μV/h to −118.3 μV/h. These results indicate that APPJ treatment can improve the performance of OER electrocatalysts in AEMWE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"113 ","pages":"Pages 429-440"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.478
Beibei Qi , Minggao Yu , Xiaoping Wen , Shan Feng
Syngas, a low-carbon, clean, and hydrogen-rich fuel, is gaining increasing attention and plays a critical part in global energy transition. However, the potential explosion risk limits its applications. Therefore, investigating methods to suppress explosion flame propagation is crucial for ensuring the safe utilization of syngas. This study investigated the flame propagation characteristics of syngas/air mixtures explosion in a semi-open duct containing copper (Cu) foam. The study focused on the coupling effect of five Cu foams with different pores per inch (PPI) and hydrogen volume fraction. Experimental results indicated that the flame propagation process in a semi-open duct containing the Cu foam exhibited two typical phenomena. The Cu foam with appropriate parameters successfully quenched syngas/air mixtures explosion flame. The Cu foam had a small effect on the upstream flame propagation kinetic characterization. When PPI ≥ 30, the flame propagation velocity was suppressed. When PPI < 30, the presence of Cu foam promoted the flame propagation. When PPI < 30, the overpressure increased compared with the case without the Cu foam, while the results were the opposite when PPI ≥ 30. The maximum overpressure and flame velocity were obtained when PPI = 20. Moreover, the study analyzed the retardant mechanism of Cu foam against the syngas/air mixtures explosion flame. These findings may provide valuable insights for the design of flame arrestors and improving the safety in the utilization of hydrocarbon fuels.
{"title":"Experimental study of the syngas/air mixtures explosion characteristics in a semi-open duct containing copper foam","authors":"Beibei Qi , Minggao Yu , Xiaoping Wen , Shan Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Syngas, a low-carbon, clean, and hydrogen-rich fuel, is gaining increasing attention and plays a critical part in global energy transition. However, the potential explosion risk limits its applications. Therefore, investigating methods to suppress explosion flame propagation is crucial for ensuring the safe utilization of syngas. This study investigated the flame propagation characteristics of syngas/air mixtures explosion in a semi-open duct containing copper (Cu) foam. The study focused on the coupling effect of five Cu foams with different pores per inch (PPI) and hydrogen volume fraction. Experimental results indicated that the flame propagation process in a semi-open duct containing the Cu foam exhibited two typical phenomena. The Cu foam with appropriate parameters successfully quenched syngas/air mixtures explosion flame. The Cu foam had a small effect on the upstream flame propagation kinetic characterization. When PPI ≥ 30, the flame propagation velocity was suppressed. When PPI < 30, the presence of Cu foam promoted the flame propagation. When PPI < 30, the overpressure increased compared with the case without the Cu foam, while the results were the opposite when PPI ≥ 30. The maximum overpressure and flame velocity were obtained when PPI = 20. Moreover, the study analyzed the retardant mechanism of Cu foam against the syngas/air mixtures explosion flame. These findings may provide valuable insights for the design of flame arrestors and improving the safety in the utilization of hydrocarbon fuels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"113 ","pages":"Pages 466-477"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.468
Yi Liu , Tiejun Zhao , Honghao Yan , Zhongyu Yang , Wenfeng Du , Zhengfang Dong , Xinfei Yuan , Linjie Tian
Hydrogen-oxygen mixture gas is a green explosive source, which is commonly used in the preparation of nanomaterials by gaseous detonation method. However, the growth mechanism of nanomaterials restricts the application of hydrogen-oxygen detonation controlled preparing nanomaterials. Detonation interception is an effective method to study the growth mechanism of nanomaterials. In order to study the influence of screen mesh interception device on the detonation wave propagation and nanoparticles interception efficiency, the variation characteristics of detonation velocity, velocity loss ratio (VLR), and re-ignition distance for 15 different screen mesh styles were analyzed by numerical simulation method. The results show that the wire diameter and pore size of the screen mesh would alter the blockage ratio (BR) and significantly affect the characteristics of the hydrogen-oxygen explosion. Under the same wire diameter, the VLR of detonation wave decreases with the increase of the BR. The blockage-loss ratio (B-L = BR/VLR) was proposed as an indicator for optimizing the screen mesh interception devices. For a given BR, a higher B-L corresponds to a lesser effect on the propagation of explosion waves. When the wire diameter is 1 mm, the B-L initially decreases first and then increases as the BR increases; when the wire diameter is 2 mm and 3 mm, the B-L increases first and then decreases with increasing BR. The influence of screen mesh style on the B-L is obvious: the smaller wire diameters are preferred for lower BRs, while the larger wire diameters are necessary for higher BRs. With the increase of BR, the re-ignition distance usually shows a fluctuating change of first decreasing, then increasing and then decreasing. The optimal BR for mesh interception devices is between 40% and 48%, and the recommended designs include a mesh with a 2 mm wire diameter and a pore size of 2 mm or a 3 mm wire diameter and a pore size of 3 mm.
{"title":"The influence of screen mesh interception device on hydrogen-oxygen explosion in closed detonation tube","authors":"Yi Liu , Tiejun Zhao , Honghao Yan , Zhongyu Yang , Wenfeng Du , Zhengfang Dong , Xinfei Yuan , Linjie Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen-oxygen mixture gas is a green explosive source, which is commonly used in the preparation of nanomaterials by gaseous detonation method. However, the growth mechanism of nanomaterials restricts the application of hydrogen-oxygen detonation controlled preparing nanomaterials. Detonation interception is an effective method to study the growth mechanism of nanomaterials. In order to study the influence of screen mesh interception device on the detonation wave propagation and nanoparticles interception efficiency, the variation characteristics of detonation velocity, velocity loss ratio (VLR), and re-ignition distance for 15 different screen mesh styles were analyzed by numerical simulation method. The results show that the wire diameter and pore size of the screen mesh would alter the blockage ratio (BR) and significantly affect the characteristics of the hydrogen-oxygen explosion. Under the same wire diameter, the VLR of detonation wave decreases with the increase of the BR. The blockage-loss ratio (B-L = BR/VLR) was proposed as an indicator for optimizing the screen mesh interception devices. For a given BR, a higher B-L corresponds to a lesser effect on the propagation of explosion waves. When the wire diameter is 1 mm, the B-L initially decreases first and then increases as the BR increases; when the wire diameter is 2 mm and 3 mm, the B-L increases first and then decreases with increasing BR. The influence of screen mesh style on the B-L is obvious: the smaller wire diameters are preferred for lower BRs, while the larger wire diameters are necessary for higher BRs. With the increase of BR, the re-ignition distance usually shows a fluctuating change of first decreasing, then increasing and then decreasing. The optimal BR for mesh interception devices is between 40% and 48%, and the recommended designs include a mesh with a 2 mm wire diameter and a pore size of 2 mm or a 3 mm wire diameter and a pore size of 3 mm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"113 ","pages":"Pages 376-384"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.307
Qianyu Ren , Jiangshuai Wang , Pan Fu , Bei Wang
Due to its low cost, environmental friendliness, and non-polluting nature, nitrogen is now widely used as an anti-dissolution agent in salt cavern hydrogen storage. However, there is currently a significant deviation between the calculated nitrogen injection amount and the actual value. This leads to the need for more nitrogen supplementation to stabilize the fluctuations of the gas-liquid interface, thus increasing the additional cost of nitrogen use. To address this issue, based on the physical model of nitrogen anti-dissolution, combined with gas-liquid interface control methods, solubility calculation methods, U-tube theory, and wellbore flow friction calculation equations, this paper establishes a prediction model for the nitrogen injection amount and injection pressure throughout all stages of nitrogen anti-dissolution in salt cavern hydrogen storage for both forward and reverse circulation conditions. The model is verified by comparing with the actual data of two wells in Henan region and the simulated data of two wells in a certain place. Furthermore, the impacts of the maximum and minimum air-cushion thicknesses, wellhead temperature, brine concentration, and technical casing size on the nitrogen injection amount and injection pressure are explored. The results show that: ① Compared with existing simulation software, the model in this paper fully considers the calculation methods of nitrogen in each stage. The finally calculated nitrogen injection volume and nitrogen injection pressure are quite consistent with the actual on-site measurement data, with an accuracy rate exceeding 90%, and they are also relatively consistent with the results of the simulation software. ② The maximum and minimum air-cushion thicknesses should be designed according to the magnitude of gas-liquid interface fluctuations. By reasonably setting the values of the maximum and minimum air-cushion thicknesses, the nitrogen usage can be effectively reduced. ③ The wellhead temperature, brine concentration, and technical casing size are all positively correlated with the nitrogen injection amount. The wellhead temperature and brine concentration are positively correlated with the nitrogen injection pressure, while the impact of the technical casing size on the nitrogen injection pressure is negligible. The research results of this paper can provide a theoretical basis for calculating the nitrogen injection amount and injection pressure throughout all stages of nitrogen anti-dissolution in salt cavern hydrogen storage, and the nitrogen injection amount and injection pressure can be adjusted according to local temperature, working conditions, brine concentration, and other related factors.
{"title":"Salt cavern hydrogen storage nitrogen blocking dissolution full-stage nitrogen injection volume and injection pressure prediction model and influencing factors analysis","authors":"Qianyu Ren , Jiangshuai Wang , Pan Fu , Bei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to its low cost, environmental friendliness, and non-polluting nature, nitrogen is now widely used as an anti-dissolution agent in salt cavern hydrogen storage. However, there is currently a significant deviation between the calculated nitrogen injection amount and the actual value. This leads to the need for more nitrogen supplementation to stabilize the fluctuations of the gas-liquid interface, thus increasing the additional cost of nitrogen use. To address this issue, based on the physical model of nitrogen anti-dissolution, combined with gas-liquid interface control methods, solubility calculation methods, U-tube theory, and wellbore flow friction calculation equations, this paper establishes a prediction model for the nitrogen injection amount and injection pressure throughout all stages of nitrogen anti-dissolution in salt cavern hydrogen storage for both forward and reverse circulation conditions. The model is verified by comparing with the actual data of two wells in Henan region and the simulated data of two wells in a certain place. Furthermore, the impacts of the maximum and minimum air-cushion thicknesses, wellhead temperature, brine concentration, and technical casing size on the nitrogen injection amount and injection pressure are explored. The results show that: ① Compared with existing simulation software, the model in this paper fully considers the calculation methods of nitrogen in each stage. The finally calculated nitrogen injection volume and nitrogen injection pressure are quite consistent with the actual on-site measurement data, with an accuracy rate exceeding 90%, and they are also relatively consistent with the results of the simulation software. ② The maximum and minimum air-cushion thicknesses should be designed according to the magnitude of gas-liquid interface fluctuations. By reasonably setting the values of the maximum and minimum air-cushion thicknesses, the nitrogen usage can be effectively reduced. ③ The wellhead temperature, brine concentration, and technical casing size are all positively correlated with the nitrogen injection amount. The wellhead temperature and brine concentration are positively correlated with the nitrogen injection pressure, while the impact of the technical casing size on the nitrogen injection pressure is negligible. The research results of this paper can provide a theoretical basis for calculating the nitrogen injection amount and injection pressure throughout all stages of nitrogen anti-dissolution in salt cavern hydrogen storage, and the nitrogen injection amount and injection pressure can be adjusted according to local temperature, working conditions, brine concentration, and other related factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"113 ","pages":"Pages 495-508"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.473
Shuang Zhen , Haoyu Yue , Qiansu Ma, Wenjing Guo, Pu Wang, Lin Zhang, Zhongnan Guo, Wenxia Yuan
Considering its high intrinsic conductivity, the construction of a selenide heterostructure offers significant advantages for developing noble metal-free, pH-universal catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, a novel selenide heterostructure, ReSe2/NiSe, was synthesized via a hydrothermal route. The ReSe2/NiSe heterostructure exhibits excellent HER performance in a wide pH range, with low overpotentials of 101, 111 and 154 mV to reach the current density of 10 mA cm−2 in acidic, alkaline and neutral conditions, respectively. At high current density (100 mA cm−2), the activity of ReSe2/NiSe in acid and alkali even surpasses that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst. This high performance is partially attributed to the micro-rod array configuration of ReSe2/NiSe, which facilitates the release of hydrogen bubbles during the HER process, thus accelerating the reaction kinetics. Our calculations suggest that the hydrogen adsorption thermodynamics is also optimized in the ReSe2/NiSe heterostructure. Furthermore, a two-electrode cell for overall water splitting was assembled using ReSe2/NiSe as the cathode, demonstrating competitive performance compared to commercial electrodes in alkaline environment. Our work highlights the potential of selenide heterostructure in advancing efficient catalyst for different pH conditions, contributing to the development of low-cost HER electrocatalyst for practical applications.
{"title":"Selenide heterostructure ReSe2/NiSe as a pH-universal catalyst for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction","authors":"Shuang Zhen , Haoyu Yue , Qiansu Ma, Wenjing Guo, Pu Wang, Lin Zhang, Zhongnan Guo, Wenxia Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.473","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.473","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Considering its high intrinsic conductivity, the construction of a selenide heterostructure offers significant advantages for developing noble metal-free, pH-universal catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, a novel selenide heterostructure, ReSe<sub>2</sub>/NiSe, was synthesized via a hydrothermal route. The ReSe<sub>2</sub>/NiSe heterostructure exhibits excellent HER performance in a wide pH range, with low overpotentials of 101, 111 and 154 mV to reach the current density of 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> in acidic, alkaline and neutral conditions, respectively. At high current density (100 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>), the activity of ReSe<sub>2</sub>/NiSe in acid and alkali even surpasses that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst. This high performance is partially attributed to the micro-rod array configuration of ReSe<sub>2</sub>/NiSe, which facilitates the release of hydrogen bubbles during the HER process, thus accelerating the reaction kinetics. Our calculations suggest that the hydrogen adsorption thermodynamics is also optimized in the ReSe<sub>2</sub>/NiSe heterostructure. Furthermore, a two-electrode cell for overall water splitting was assembled using ReSe<sub>2</sub>/NiSe as the cathode, demonstrating competitive performance compared to commercial electrodes in alkaline environment. Our work highlights the potential of selenide heterostructure in advancing efficient catalyst for different pH conditions, contributing to the development of low-cost HER electrocatalyst for practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"113 ","pages":"Pages 312-321"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号