Pub Date : 2026-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153480
Shuzhen Niu , Pengfei Zhang , Yahui Lu , Shengjia Tu , Pengfei Yang
The stabilization of oblique detonation waves (ODW) in confined spaces is a significant challenge, particularly when considering detonation wave-boundary layer interactions. While boundary layer suction has demonstrated effectiveness in mitigating boundary layer separation, its application to ODW stabilization remains underexplored. This study employs reactive Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulations with detailed hydrogen/air chemistry to investigate ODW stability under non-uniform inflows and boundary layer suction. The results show that boundary layer interactions lead to the formation of separation bubbles, causing flow choking and ODW instability. Suction effectively removes recirculating low-energy fluid, reducing bubble size and stabilizing the ODW with minimal mass flow and pressure losses. Further analysis reveals that the interaction between expansion waves and barrel shock waves near the suction slot is critical to suction effectiveness. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing suction slot geometries, advancing the development of efficient hydrogen-based hypersonic propulsion systems.
{"title":"Effects of boundary layer suction on hydrogen-fueled oblique detonation waves in a flow channel","authors":"Shuzhen Niu , Pengfei Zhang , Yahui Lu , Shengjia Tu , Pengfei Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The stabilization of oblique detonation waves (ODW) in confined spaces is a significant challenge, particularly when considering detonation wave-boundary layer interactions. While boundary layer suction has demonstrated effectiveness in mitigating boundary layer separation, its application to ODW stabilization remains underexplored. This study employs reactive Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulations with detailed hydrogen/air chemistry to investigate ODW stability under non-uniform inflows and boundary layer suction. The results show that boundary layer interactions lead to the formation of separation bubbles, causing flow choking and ODW instability. Suction effectively removes recirculating low-energy fluid, reducing bubble size and stabilizing the ODW with minimal mass flow and pressure losses. Further analysis reveals that the interaction between expansion waves and barrel shock waves near the suction slot is critical to suction effectiveness. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing suction slot geometries, advancing the development of efficient hydrogen-based hypersonic propulsion systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 153480"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153701
Zicong Han , Shaohua Dong , Meng Sun , Boxing Han , Lin Chen
Transporting hydrogen via existing natural gas pipelines represents an economical pathway for hydrogen utilization; however, the associated risk of leakage and combustion, particularly from crack-induced failures due to hydrogen embrittlement, requires thorough assessment. This study conducts full-scale experiments to examine the combustion characteristics of hydrogen-blended natural gas (HBNG) leaking from a high-aspect-ratio crack (AR = 80) and compares them with conventional circular hole leakage. Results demonstrate that crack leakage produces significantly taller flames (exceeding 9 % greater height) and higher oscillation frequencies compared to equivalent-area hole leaks, leading to non-conservative risk underestimation if circular orifice models are applied. Operating pressure (0.2–1.6 MPa) exhibits a dominant positive correlation with flame height, oscillation velocity, and frequency, with a 76.5 % increase in maximum flame height for cracks as pressure rises from 0.8 to 1.6 MPa. Introducing 20 vol% hydrogen reduces methane flame height by 9.4–14.5 % but alters combustion dynamics. This work highlights the critical influence of leakage geometry and system pressure on fire hazards and provides essential experimental data for developing accurate risk assessment models for HBNG pipeline safety.
{"title":"Full-scale pipeline experimental study on combustion flame characteristics of hydrogen-blended natural gas crack leakage","authors":"Zicong Han , Shaohua Dong , Meng Sun , Boxing Han , Lin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153701","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153701","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transporting hydrogen via existing natural gas pipelines represents an economical pathway for hydrogen utilization; however, the associated risk of leakage and combustion, particularly from crack-induced failures due to hydrogen embrittlement, requires thorough assessment. This study conducts full-scale experiments to examine the combustion characteristics of hydrogen-blended natural gas (HBNG) leaking from a high-aspect-ratio crack (AR = 80) and compares them with conventional circular hole leakage. Results demonstrate that crack leakage produces significantly taller flames (exceeding 9 % greater height) and higher oscillation frequencies compared to equivalent-area hole leaks, leading to non-conservative risk underestimation if circular orifice models are applied. Operating pressure (0.2–1.6 MPa) exhibits a dominant positive correlation with flame height, oscillation velocity, and frequency, with a 76.5 % increase in maximum flame height for cracks as pressure rises from 0.8 to 1.6 MPa. Introducing 20 vol% hydrogen reduces methane flame height by 9.4–14.5 % but alters combustion dynamics. This work highlights the critical influence of leakage geometry and system pressure on fire hazards and provides essential experimental data for developing accurate risk assessment models for HBNG pipeline safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 153701"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153659
Jiawen Pan , Yuan Tan , Bo Chi , Jiangtao Feng , Jian Pu
Nickel foam is commonly employed as a hydrogen electrode current collector in solid oxide cells, thanks to its dual role in gas diffusion and current conduction. The effect of nickel foam structure was investigated to enhance the water vapour transport and the electrochemical performance of solid oxide electrolysis cells. As the compression residual (CR) of the nickel foam increases, the planar pore size increases until the nickel mesh ruptures at its tensile limit. Excellent performance in contact resistance and gas pressure regulation is observed at a CR of 0.4 and a pores per inch (PPI) of 90. The introduction of the overlap structure enhances water vapour pressure and nickel mesh contact density, consequently reducing both ohmic and polarization resistances. As a result, a single cell employing the modified nickel foam demonstrates a low degradation rate of 3 % kh−1 over 200 h at 0.550 A cm−2, indicating excellent long-term operational stability.
泡沫镍具有气体扩散和电流传导的双重作用，是固体氧化物电池中常用的氢电极集流材料。研究了泡沫镍结构对固体氧化物电解电池的水蒸气输送和电化学性能的影响。随着泡沫镍压缩残余（CR）的增大，泡沫镍的平面孔径增大，直至泡沫镍网在拉伸极限处破裂。在接触电阻和气体压力调节方面表现优异，CR为0.4，孔/英寸（PPI）为90。重叠结构的引入提高了水蒸气压力和镍网接触密度，从而降低了欧姆电阻和极化电阻。结果表明，采用改性泡沫镍的单个电池在0.550 a cm−2下，在200小时内的降解率为3% kh−1，表明了良好的长期运行稳定性。
{"title":"Effect of nickel foam collector on solid oxide electrolysis cell gas transfer and electrochemical performance","authors":"Jiawen Pan , Yuan Tan , Bo Chi , Jiangtao Feng , Jian Pu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nickel foam is commonly employed as a hydrogen electrode current collector in solid oxide cells, thanks to its dual role in gas diffusion and current conduction. The effect of nickel foam structure was investigated to enhance the water vapour transport and the electrochemical performance of solid oxide electrolysis cells. As the compression residual (CR) of the nickel foam increases, the planar pore size increases until the nickel mesh ruptures at its tensile limit. Excellent performance in contact resistance and gas pressure regulation is observed at a CR of 0.4 and a pores per inch (PPI) of 90. The introduction of the overlap structure enhances water vapour pressure and nickel mesh contact density, consequently reducing both ohmic and polarization resistances. As a result, a single cell employing the modified nickel foam demonstrates a low degradation rate of 3 % kh<sup>−1</sup> over 200 h at 0.550 A cm<sup>−2</sup>, indicating excellent long-term operational stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 153659"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, expired fruit juices (EFJ) were evaluated as substrate for biohydrogen production via dark fermentation (DF), exploiting the indigenous microbial load of the waste under mesophilic continuous operation. A continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) was employed, and its performance was assessed through three independent start-ups. Each start-up was operated initially in batch mode for 24 h and subsequently transitioned to continuous flow, at a defined initial HRT (36, 24, or 12 h). Thereafter, the HRT was decreased within each experimental run, allowing structured evaluation of system behaviour as a function of the initial start-up HRT. Changes in hydrogen yields, metabolite distribution, and microbial community structure were comparatively analysed during the three start-ups followed by stepwise HRT reductions under controlled continuous CSTR operation. Results showed that both start-up and operational HRTs significantly affected reactor performance. The highest hydrogen yield (1.32 mol H2/mol carbohydrates) was obtained at HRT 12 h when used as the initial start-up HRT. Starting from higher HRTs and then reducing to 12 h resulted in lower yields, despite identical operational conditions. VFA distribution also varied, with butyrate dominating at low HRTs, while higher HRTs favoured caproate and propionate production. Microbial analysis revealed that start-up HRT strongly shaped the microbial consortia, with long stat-up HRT (36 h) fostering diverse, facultative and chain-elongating taxa, short start-up HRT (12 h) enriching fast-growing Clostridia, and intermediate start-up HRT (24 h) yielding more heterogeneous communities including both Clostridia and lactic acid bacteria (LAB). These results highlight priority effects and alternative stable states, where start-up history dictates the balance between hydrogenogenic and lactogenic pathways. The study underlines the critical role of initial HRT selection in shaping reactor efficiency and microbial ecology during DF, providing insights for optimizing continuous biohydrogen production from EFJ.
{"title":"Investigating the role of start-up hydraulic retention time in biohydrogen yields, distribution of metabolites and microbial ecology during continuous dark fermentation of expired fruit juices","authors":"Georgia Antonopoulou , Maria Alexandropoulou , Gerasimos Lyberatos , Ioanna Ntaikou","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, expired fruit juices (EFJ) were evaluated as substrate for biohydrogen production via dark fermentation (DF), exploiting the indigenous microbial load of the waste under mesophilic continuous operation. A continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) was employed, and its performance was assessed through three independent start-ups. Each start-up was operated initially in batch mode for 24 h and subsequently transitioned to continuous flow, at a defined initial HRT (36, 24, or 12 h). Thereafter, the HRT was decreased within each experimental run, allowing structured evaluation of system behaviour as a function of the initial start-up HRT. Changes in hydrogen yields, metabolite distribution, and microbial community structure were comparatively analysed during the three start-ups followed by stepwise HRT reductions under controlled continuous CSTR operation. Results showed that both start-up and operational HRTs significantly affected reactor performance. The highest hydrogen yield (1.32 mol H<sub>2</sub>/mol carbohydrates) was obtained at HRT 12 h when used as the initial start-up HRT. Starting from higher HRTs and then reducing to 12 h resulted in lower yields, despite identical operational conditions. VFA distribution also varied, with butyrate dominating at low HRTs, while higher HRTs favoured caproate and propionate production. Microbial analysis revealed that start-up HRT strongly shaped the microbial consortia, with long stat-up HRT (36 h) fostering diverse, facultative and chain-elongating taxa, short start-up HRT (12 h) enriching fast-growing Clostridia, and intermediate start-up HRT (24 h) yielding more heterogeneous communities including both Clostridia and lactic acid bacteria (LAB). These results highlight priority effects and alternative stable states, where start-up history dictates the balance between hydrogenogenic and lactogenic pathways. The study underlines the critical role of initial HRT selection in shaping reactor efficiency and microbial ecology during DF, providing insights for optimizing continuous biohydrogen production from EFJ.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 153594"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153767
Søren A. Tornøe , John W. Koster , Ishan Jain , Andy V. Surin , Aiden Krauss , Nobuhiko P. Kobayashi
Growing concern over the environmental impact of fossil fuels has intensified efforts to develop sustainable routes for hydrogen production. Seawater electrolysis powered by renewable energy offers a particularly attractive option because of seawater's abundance and high ionic conductivity. Yet, its progress has been limited by the tendency of the chlorine evolution reaction (CER) to dominate over the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), leading to chlorine generation and associated environmental hazards. In our previous work, we showed that operating at high current densities (Jc > 10 A cm−2) with consumable graphite rod-shaped electrodes can effectively suppress CER. Building on that foundation, the present study examines how hydrogen production performance changes with the number and configuration of rod-shaped anodes used with a single cathode. Through a combination of experiments and two-dimensional finite-element modeling, we found that multi-anode configurations can be tuned to enhance hydrogen yield while maintaining full CER suppression. Reducing the electrode spacing from 10 mm to 1 mm increases the local electric field by roughly an order of magnitude, lowering the energy demand from about 0.98 kWh to 0.098 kWh per gram of hydrogen. Accounting for field-enhanced ionic mobility—potentially up to eight-fold for H+ ions—further reduces the projected energy cost to near the 0.05–0.06 kWh g−1 H2 range, approaching the thermodynamic limit. These results demonstrate that electrode geometry and spacing are central to improving efficiency in high-current-density seawater electrolysis.
对化石燃料对环境影响的日益关注，加大了开发可持续氢气生产路线的努力。可再生能源驱动的海水电解提供了一个特别有吸引力的选择，因为海水的丰度和高离子导电性。然而，由于析氯反应（CER）倾向于主导析氧反应（OER），导致氯的产生和相关的环境危害，限制了其发展。在我们之前的工作中，我们证明了在高电流密度（j> 10 A cm - 2）下使用消耗性石墨棒状电极可以有效地抑制CER。在此基础上，本研究考察了氢气生产性能如何随着单个阴极使用的棒状阳极的数量和配置而变化。通过实验和二维有限元模型的结合，我们发现可以调整多阳极配置来提高氢气产率，同时保持完全的CER抑制。将电极间距从10毫米减少到1毫米，将局部电场增加了大约一个数量级，将每克氢的能量需求从0.98千瓦时降低到0.098千瓦时。考虑到电场增强的离子迁移率（可能高达H+离子的8倍），进一步将预计的能源成本降低到接近0.05-0.06 kWh g - 1 H2范围，接近热力学极限。这些结果表明，电极的几何形状和间距是提高高电流密度海水电解效率的关键。
{"title":"Optimizing rod-shaped anode configuration in ultra-high-current-density seawater electrolysis for scalable hydrogen production","authors":"Søren A. Tornøe , John W. Koster , Ishan Jain , Andy V. Surin , Aiden Krauss , Nobuhiko P. Kobayashi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153767","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153767","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Growing concern over the environmental impact of fossil fuels has intensified efforts to develop sustainable routes for hydrogen production. Seawater electrolysis powered by renewable energy offers a particularly attractive option because of seawater's abundance and high ionic conductivity. Yet, its progress has been limited by the tendency of the chlorine evolution reaction (CER) to dominate over the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), leading to chlorine generation and associated environmental hazards. In our previous work, we showed that operating at high current densities (<em>J</em><sub><em>c</em></sub> > 10 A cm<sup>−2</sup>) with consumable graphite rod-shaped electrodes can effectively suppress CER. Building on that foundation, the present study examines how hydrogen production performance changes with the number and configuration of rod-shaped anodes used with a single cathode. Through a combination of experiments and two-dimensional finite-element modeling, we found that multi-anode configurations can be tuned to enhance hydrogen yield while maintaining full CER suppression. Reducing the electrode spacing from 10 mm to 1 mm increases the local electric field by roughly an order of magnitude, lowering the energy demand from about 0.98 kWh to 0.098 kWh per gram of hydrogen. Accounting for field-enhanced ionic mobility—potentially up to eight-fold for H<sup>+</sup> ions—further reduces the projected energy cost to near the 0.05–0.06 kWh g<sup>−1</sup> H<sub>2</sub> range, approaching the thermodynamic limit. These results demonstrate that electrode geometry and spacing are central to improving efficiency in high-current-density seawater electrolysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 153767"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153606
Wei Zhang , Yadong Zhang , Junfeng Wang , Jiale Wang , Shuyan Shuang , Shuiqing Zhan , Bin Li , Kai Yu , Haojie Xu
Liquid-phase plasma discharge (LPD) provides a rapid and on-demand route for hydrogen production from methanol under ambient conditions. Herein, the effects of electrode structure and input power on methanol decomposition by LPD are systematically investigated using three configurations: Ti, Ti-pNi, and Ti-pNi@TiO2. Structured electrodes markedly enhanced plasma-liquid interactions by reshaping the local electric field, causing more uniform and spatially extended discharges. At low to moderate powers, the Ti-pNi@TiO2 electrode exhibits the highest energy efficiency, achieving a minimum energy consumption of 1.71 kWh/Nm3H2 due to synergistic plasma excitation and photocatalytic activation. At higher powers, the Ti-pNi electrode delivers the maximum gas flow rate of 1146.40 mL/min, as the TiO2 layer introduces resistive field screening that constrains discharge propagation. Post-discharge surface analyses reveal that the porous structures suppress carbon deposition and mitigate plasma-induced erosion, thereby improving electrode durability. These results demonstrate the decisive role of electrode structure in balancing hydrogen yield and energy efficiency in LPD-based hydrogen production.
{"title":"Enhancing hydrogen production via plasma-assisted methanol decomposition using structured porous electrodes with photocatalytic interfaces","authors":"Wei Zhang , Yadong Zhang , Junfeng Wang , Jiale Wang , Shuyan Shuang , Shuiqing Zhan , Bin Li , Kai Yu , Haojie Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153606","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153606","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Liquid-phase plasma discharge (LPD) provides a rapid and on-demand route for hydrogen production from methanol under ambient conditions. Herein, the effects of electrode structure and input power on methanol decomposition by LPD are systematically investigated using three configurations: Ti, Ti-pNi, and Ti-pNi@TiO<sub>2</sub>. Structured electrodes markedly enhanced plasma-liquid interactions by reshaping the local electric field, causing more uniform and spatially extended discharges. At low to moderate powers, the Ti-pNi@TiO<sub>2</sub> electrode exhibits the highest energy efficiency, achieving a minimum energy consumption of 1.71 kWh/Nm<sup>3</sup>H<sub>2</sub> due to synergistic plasma excitation and photocatalytic activation. At higher powers, the Ti-pNi electrode delivers the maximum gas flow rate of 1146.40 mL/min, as the TiO<sub>2</sub> layer introduces resistive field screening that constrains discharge propagation. Post-discharge surface analyses reveal that the porous structures suppress carbon deposition and mitigate plasma-induced erosion, thereby improving electrode durability. These results demonstrate the decisive role of electrode structure in balancing hydrogen yield and energy efficiency in LPD-based hydrogen production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 153606"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153707
Marco Maggini , Gabriele Loreti , Francesca Santoni , Andrea L. Facci , Stefano Ubertini , Viviana Cigolotti , Giulia Monteleone
The transition to hydrogen fuel as an alternative energy source for heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependency on fossil fuels. This study quantifies and compares the total costs of ownership and transportation of light-duty and heavy-duty commercial trucks, across five drivetrain technologies: conventional diesel internal combustion engine (ICE), hydrogen internal combustion engine (H-ICE), battery electric vehicle (BEV), constant power fuel cell electric vehicle (C-FCEV), and variable power fuel cell electric vehicle (V-FCEV). To the best of our knowledge, the present study provides the first comparison of TCO and LCOT across all these drivetrain technologies, filling a gap in the literature and offering quantitative evidence to guide future zero-emission vehicle strategies. The findings indicate that conventional diesel remains the cost-optimal option across most driving ranges and vehicle weight classes. However, FCEVs are a competitive solution at middle to high mileages (i.e ) and for low to middle class weight (i.e 3.5t, 5.2t, and 18t). Depending on the vehicle category, the levelized cost of transportation of FCEVs is 45%–55% lower than that of BEVs.
{"title":"Technical assessment and economic analysis of zero-carbon freight road transportation vehicles","authors":"Marco Maggini , Gabriele Loreti , Francesca Santoni , Andrea L. Facci , Stefano Ubertini , Viviana Cigolotti , Giulia Monteleone","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transition to hydrogen fuel as an alternative energy source for heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependency on fossil fuels. This study quantifies and compares the total costs of ownership and transportation of light-duty and heavy-duty commercial trucks, across five drivetrain technologies: conventional diesel internal combustion engine (ICE), hydrogen internal combustion engine (H<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>-ICE), battery electric vehicle (BEV), constant power fuel cell electric vehicle (C-FCEV), and variable power fuel cell electric vehicle (V-FCEV). To the best of our knowledge, the present study provides the first comparison of TCO and LCOT across all these drivetrain technologies, filling a gap in the literature and offering quantitative evidence to guide future zero-emission vehicle strategies. The findings indicate that conventional diesel remains the cost-optimal option across most driving ranges and vehicle weight classes. However, FCEVs are a competitive solution at middle to high mileages (i.e <span><math><mrow><mo>≥</mo><mn>300</mn><mspace></mspace><mspace></mspace><mi>km</mi></mrow></math></span>) and for low to middle class weight (i.e 3.5<span><math><mspace></mspace></math></span>t, 5.2<span><math><mspace></mspace></math></span>t, and 18<span><math><mspace></mspace></math></span>t). Depending on the vehicle category, the levelized cost of transportation of FCEVs is 45%–55% lower than that of BEVs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 153707"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153730
Xiaoshi Ju , Peng Xu , Chunxiao Zhang , Ningyan Cheng , Yundan Liu , Yuping Sun , Jianxin Zhong , Long Ren
Phase engineering of transition metal chalcogenides is a promising strategy for optimizing catalytic performance. In this work, we investigate the phase-dependent catalytic properties of NiSe. Using density functional theory (DFT) and Variable-cell nudged elastic band technique, we reveal a metastable intermediate phase (MIS-2′) within the confinement the of interface on the transition path from hexagonal (H–NiSe) to rhombohedral (R–NiSe) structures. Gibbs free energy calculations show that the MIS-2′ phase has superior hydrogen adsorption (ΔGH∗ = −0.02 eV) compared to H–NiSe and R–NiSe. NiSe catalysts with different phases were synthesized by hydrothermal methods, and electrochemical tests in 1 M KOH show that the sample containing both MIS-2′ and R–NiSe prepared at 150 °C, delivers the best HER performance (η10 = 105.08 mV, Tafel slope = 121.12 mV dec−1). This improvement is attributed to the synergistic effects of the two phases, especially the involvement of MIS. These findings highlight the potential of phase engineering to enhance catalytic activity and offer a new pathway for optimizing transition-metal chalcogenides based electrocatalysts for sustainable energy applications.
{"title":"Metastable intermediate phase engineering of NiSe electrocatalyst for enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction","authors":"Xiaoshi Ju , Peng Xu , Chunxiao Zhang , Ningyan Cheng , Yundan Liu , Yuping Sun , Jianxin Zhong , Long Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phase engineering of transition metal chalcogenides is a promising strategy for optimizing catalytic performance. In this work, we investigate the phase-dependent catalytic properties of NiSe. Using density functional theory (DFT) and Variable-cell nudged elastic band technique, we reveal a metastable intermediate phase (MIS-2′) within the confinement the of interface on the transition path from hexagonal (H–NiSe) to rhombohedral (R–NiSe) structures. Gibbs free energy calculations show that the MIS-2′ phase has superior hydrogen adsorption (ΔG<sub>H</sub>∗ = −0.02 eV) compared to H–NiSe and R–NiSe. NiSe catalysts with different phases were synthesized by hydrothermal methods, and electrochemical tests in 1 M KOH show that the sample containing both MIS-2′ and R–NiSe prepared at 150 °C, delivers the best HER performance (η<sub>10</sub> = 105.08 mV, Tafel slope = 121.12 mV dec<sup>−1</sup>). This improvement is attributed to the synergistic effects of the two phases, especially the involvement of MIS. These findings highlight the potential of phase engineering to enhance catalytic activity and offer a new pathway for optimizing transition-metal chalcogenides based electrocatalysts for sustainable energy applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 153730"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153708
Huseyin Unsal , Rahul Majee , Andrea Veronese , Selda Ozkan , Paul Connor , Aaron Naden , Tugba A. Boynuegri , Cristian Savaniu , John T.S. Irvine
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) suffer from degradation issues primarily arising from their high operating temperatures. Among the most critical degradation mechanisms is cathode poisoning by volatile chromium species from Fe–Cr-based metallic interconnects. A widely adopted strategy to mitigate this problem involves applying protective surface coatings to the interconnects. In this study, protective layers were deposited on AISI 430 stainless steel using the screen-printing method. A bilayer coating comprising a chromium-rich spinel (MgFe0.1Cr1.9O4) and a perovskite (La0.65Sr0.35)0.95MnO3 (LSM) was applied to enhance oxidation resistance and minimise the increase in electrical resistance. Three types of substrates, bare, single-layer LSM-coated, and bilayer (spinel-perovskite) coated, were subjected to 1000-h oxidation at 800 °C in static air, simulating SOFC cathode operating conditions without electrical load. The bilayer-coated steel exhibited excellent long-term durability, with no detectable chromium migration from the steel or spinel layer to the LSM surface. The chromite spinel layer significantly improved LSM adhesion, prevented cracking and buckling, and maintained a stable oxide layer thickness (∼3 μm) at the coating-substrate interface. The area-specific resistance (ASR) of the bilayer-coated steel remained low, measured at 0.056 Ω cm2 after 1000 h, outperforming both the uncoated and LSM monolayer coated samples.
{"title":"Iron doped magnesium chromite spinel and LSM coating to diminish chromium poisoning in the SOFC cathode environment","authors":"Huseyin Unsal , Rahul Majee , Andrea Veronese , Selda Ozkan , Paul Connor , Aaron Naden , Tugba A. Boynuegri , Cristian Savaniu , John T.S. Irvine","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153708","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153708","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) suffer from degradation issues primarily arising from their high operating temperatures. Among the most critical degradation mechanisms is cathode poisoning by volatile chromium species from Fe–Cr-based metallic interconnects. A widely adopted strategy to mitigate this problem involves applying protective surface coatings to the interconnects. In this study, protective layers were deposited on AISI 430 stainless steel using the screen-printing method. A bilayer coating comprising a chromium-rich spinel (MgFe<sub>0.1</sub>Cr<sub>1.9</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) and a perovskite (La<sub>0.65</sub>Sr<sub>0.35</sub>)<sub>0.95</sub>MnO<sub>3</sub> (LSM) was applied to enhance oxidation resistance and minimise the increase in electrical resistance. Three types of substrates, bare, single-layer LSM-coated, and bilayer (spinel-perovskite) coated, were subjected to 1000-h oxidation at 800 °C in static air, simulating SOFC cathode operating conditions without electrical load. The bilayer-coated steel exhibited excellent long-term durability, with no detectable chromium migration from the steel or spinel layer to the LSM surface. The chromite spinel layer significantly improved LSM adhesion, prevented cracking and buckling, and maintained a stable oxide layer thickness (∼3 μm) at the coating-substrate interface. The area-specific resistance (ASR) of the bilayer-coated steel remained low, measured at 0.056 Ω cm<sup>2</sup> after 1000 h, outperforming both the uncoated and LSM monolayer coated samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 153708"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153662
Ruiqi Li , Haixiao Hu , KaiDong Zheng , Hongda Chen , Haonan Liu , Hao Li , Yu Zhang , Shuxin Li
Safety of hydrogen storage composite pressure vessels (CPVs) with in-service pressure to 70 MPa is critical for the hydrogen industry. This study proposed a novel fully embedded fibre bragg grating (FBG) sensor network and integration strategy and implemented for in-situ structural health monitoring (SHM) of Type IV CPVs. The proposed SHM network design and innovative integration strategy accomplished in-situ full field monitoring of CPVs for the first time over industrial standard burst pressure of 172.4 MPa with FBG strains up to 18000 με. The new FBG integration method and designed winding device achieved minimum disruption for manufacturing process with 100 % sensor survival rate. The cyclic internal pressure and burst experiments were carried out and simulated with advanced finite element analysis including progressive damage model. The in-situ monitoring results were compared with the experimental and numerical simulation results for validation. Good agreement with errors within 10 % and correct detection of the failure location demonstrated the applicability and reliability of the proposed SHM strategy. This study provides an effective technical means for SHM and safety evaluation of Type IV hydrogen storage CPVs in engineering applications.
{"title":"A novel embedded optical fibre sensors network and integration strategy for in-situ monitoring of hydrogen storage 70 MPa type IV composite pressure vessels","authors":"Ruiqi Li , Haixiao Hu , KaiDong Zheng , Hongda Chen , Haonan Liu , Hao Li , Yu Zhang , Shuxin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153662","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153662","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Safety of hydrogen storage composite pressure vessels (CPVs) with in-service pressure to 70 MPa is critical for the hydrogen industry. This study proposed a novel fully embedded fibre bragg grating (FBG) sensor network and integration strategy and implemented for in-situ structural health monitoring (SHM) of Type IV CPVs. The proposed SHM network design and innovative integration strategy accomplished in-situ full field monitoring of CPVs for the first time over industrial standard burst pressure of 172.4 MPa with FBG strains up to 18000 με. The new FBG integration method and designed winding device achieved minimum disruption for manufacturing process with 100 % sensor survival rate. The cyclic internal pressure and burst experiments were carried out and simulated with advanced finite element analysis including progressive damage model. The in-situ monitoring results were compared with the experimental and numerical simulation results for validation. Good agreement with errors within 10 % and correct detection of the failure location demonstrated the applicability and reliability of the proposed SHM strategy. This study provides an effective technical means for SHM and safety evaluation of Type IV hydrogen storage CPVs in engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 153662"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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