Pub Date : 2025-04-24DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.119
Y. Sai Swaroop Sarma , Anamika Ghosh , Manu Jaiswal , S.S. Bhattacharya , Sundara Ramaprabhu
Electrolysis of seawater by renewable energy has emerged as a promising alternative for production of green hydrogen. However, the presence of multiple ions in seawater and the competing chlorine evolution reaction at the anode pose a major challenge. Herein, we report a novel electrocatalyst based on composite of spinel high entropy oxide (S-HEO), (Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, Li)3O4 and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), synthesized by facile one-step solvothermal technique towards selective oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the anode. To alleviate the problem of corrosion of metal supports in seawater, carbon paper is used as a catalyst support. The composite exhibited a low overpotential of 346.28 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a low overall seawater splitting voltage of 1.85 V at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with a remarkable stability of 100 hours in alkaline seawater. Further, the composite exhibits a high turnover frequency (TOF) of 0.66 s−1. The presence of multiple cations in S-HEO offers abundant catalytic sites and high intrinsic activity. In addition to selectivity towards OER, the electrocatalyst exhibits corrosion resistance and suppresses hypochlorite formation. Post-stability investigations reveal the synergistic catalytic effects arising from multiple cations in S-HEO, contributing to optimal performance of the composite. This work demonstrates the potential of high entropy oxides towards seawater electrolysis.
{"title":"A spinel based high entropy oxide (Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, Li)3O4 and reduced graphene oxide composite anode for seawater electrolysis","authors":"Y. Sai Swaroop Sarma , Anamika Ghosh , Manu Jaiswal , S.S. Bhattacharya , Sundara Ramaprabhu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrolysis of seawater by renewable energy has emerged as a promising alternative for production of green hydrogen. However, the presence of multiple ions in seawater and the competing chlorine evolution reaction at the anode pose a major challenge. Herein, we report a novel electrocatalyst based on composite of spinel high entropy oxide (S-HEO), (Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, Li)<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), synthesized by facile one-step solvothermal technique towards selective oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the anode. To alleviate the problem of corrosion of metal supports in seawater, carbon paper is used as a catalyst support. The composite exhibited a low overpotential of 346.28 mV at 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> and a low overall seawater splitting voltage of 1.85 V at a current density of 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> with a remarkable stability of 100 hours in alkaline seawater. Further, the composite exhibits a high turnover frequency (TOF) of 0.66 s<sup>−1</sup>. The presence of multiple cations in S-HEO offers abundant catalytic sites and high intrinsic activity. In addition to selectivity towards OER, the electrocatalyst exhibits corrosion resistance and suppresses hypochlorite formation. Post-stability investigations reveal the synergistic catalytic effects arising from multiple cations in S-HEO, contributing to optimal performance of the composite. This work demonstrates the potential of high entropy oxides towards seawater electrolysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"130 ","pages":"Pages 54-63"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-24DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.263
Mohamed Amine Ifticene, Qingwang Yuan
In the ongoing global pursuit of sustainable energy, in-situ hydrogen production from heavy oil reservoirs has provided a new pathway to generate carbon-zero hydrogen. This study aims to model and evaluate the potential of hydrogen production through cyclic steam-air injection in a heavy oil reservoir. Scenarios using vertical and horizontal wells in a two-dimensional (2-D) model were investigated by numerical simulations, with five injection schedules incorporated. Simulation cases with the combinations of four injection parameters, namely air injection rate, steam injection rate, steam temperature, and oxygen concentration, were generated. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was conducted. The results showed that hydrogen production ranged from 2.4 × 104 to 9 × 104 m3 using vertical wells and from 1.91 × 104 to 1.42 × 105 m3 using horizontals from this 2-D model. The injection schedule with two months of air injection followed by two months of steam injection showed the highest hydrogen production. Increasing steam injection rate promoted hydrogen generation to a certain extent, while increasing the air injection rate, oxygen concentration, or steam temperature resulted in a decline in hydrogen production. This work highlights the importance of control and optimization of the different operation parameters on hydrogen production via cyclic steam-air injection. It lays a strong foundation for the development and implementation of the cyclic steam-air injection technology for carbon-zero in-situ hydrogen production from heavy oil reservoirs.
{"title":"Numerical modeling of in-situ hydrogen production via cyclic air-steam injection in heavy oil reservoirs","authors":"Mohamed Amine Ifticene, Qingwang Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.263","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the ongoing global pursuit of sustainable energy, in-situ hydrogen production from heavy oil reservoirs has provided a new pathway to generate carbon-zero hydrogen. This study aims to model and evaluate the potential of hydrogen production through cyclic steam-air injection in a heavy oil reservoir. Scenarios using vertical and horizontal wells in a two-dimensional (2-D) model were investigated by numerical simulations, with five injection schedules incorporated. Simulation cases with the combinations of four injection parameters, namely air injection rate, steam injection rate, steam temperature, and oxygen concentration, were generated. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was conducted. The results showed that hydrogen production ranged from 2.4 × 10<sup>4</sup> to 9 × 10<sup>4</sup> m<sup>3</sup> using vertical wells and from 1.91 × 10<sup>4</sup> to 1.42 × 10<sup>5</sup> m<sup>3</sup> using horizontals from this 2-D model. The injection schedule with two months of air injection followed by two months of steam injection showed the highest hydrogen production. Increasing steam injection rate promoted hydrogen generation to a certain extent, while increasing the air injection rate, oxygen concentration, or steam temperature resulted in a decline in hydrogen production. This work highlights the importance of control and optimization of the different operation parameters on hydrogen production via cyclic steam-air injection. It lays a strong foundation for the development and implementation of the cyclic steam-air injection technology for carbon-zero in-situ hydrogen production from heavy oil reservoirs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"129 ","pages":"Pages 172-183"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-24DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.320
Quan Li , Xiaohui He , Ling Feng , Wenjun Zhang , Lingxia Zha , Jian Huang , Defu Chen
The anion exchange membranes (AEMs) serving as the pivotal component exert crucial influences on anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs). However, the “trade-off” between conductivity, dimensional stability, and alkaline stability of AEMs remains a formidable challenge. Herein, a series of crosslinked polynorbornene-based AEMs with regional intensive ion clusters were prepared through the introduction of 1,3,5-tris [3-(dimethylamino)propyl] hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (PHT). The rational molecular structure design that combines all-carbon hydrogen block copolymer backbones, long flexible alkoxy spacers and cationic cluster crosslinking structures contributed to regulation of the functional cation content, ion transport channels and the stability of the AEMs. It was found that the prepared AEMs exhibited the anticipated characteristics of superior hydroxide conductivity (145.3 mS cm−1) and low swelling ratio (SR ≤ 18.27 %) at 80 °C. Furthermore, after treatment in 1 M NaOH solution at 80 °C for 960 h, the hydroxide conductivity of AEMs was maintained at 80.52–88.93 % of the original conductivity, indicating that these membranes possess excellent alkaline stability. In addition, the peak power density of H2/O2 fuel cell equipped with aPNB-PHT-QA-1.93 and rPNB-PHT-QA-1.89 achieved 317.6 mW cm−2 and 245.3 mW cm−2 at 80 °C, respectively. This work provides an effective approach to prepare high-performance AEMs and shows potential application in fuel cells.
{"title":"Crosslinked polynorbornene-based anion exchange membranes with regionally intensive ion clusters: Effect of the polymer backbones","authors":"Quan Li , Xiaohui He , Ling Feng , Wenjun Zhang , Lingxia Zha , Jian Huang , Defu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The anion exchange membranes (AEMs) serving as the pivotal component exert crucial influences on anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs). However, the “trade-off” between conductivity, dimensional stability, and alkaline stability of AEMs remains a formidable challenge. Herein, a series of crosslinked polynorbornene-based AEMs with regional intensive ion clusters were prepared through the introduction of 1,3,5-tris [3-(dimethylamino)propyl] hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (PHT). The rational molecular structure design that combines all-carbon hydrogen block copolymer backbones, long flexible alkoxy spacers and cationic cluster crosslinking structures contributed to regulation of the functional cation content, ion transport channels and the stability of the AEMs. It was found that the prepared AEMs exhibited the anticipated characteristics of superior hydroxide conductivity (145.3 mS cm<sup>−1</sup>) and low swelling ratio (SR ≤ 18.27 %) at 80 °C. Furthermore, after treatment in 1 M NaOH solution at 80 °C for 960 h, the hydroxide conductivity of AEMs was maintained at 80.52–88.93 % of the original conductivity, indicating that these membranes possess excellent alkaline stability. In addition, the peak power density of H<sub>2</sub>/O<sub>2</sub> fuel cell equipped with aPNB-PHT-QA-1.93 and rPNB-PHT-QA-1.89 achieved 317.6 mW cm<sup>−2</sup> and 245.3 mW cm<sup>−2</sup> at 80 °C, respectively. This work provides an effective approach to prepare high-performance AEMs and shows potential application in fuel cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"129 ","pages":"Pages 60-74"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Current hydrogen production microreactors typically use laminated cavity plates for assembly. However, as the number of cavity plates increases, the number of graphite sealing sheets also rises, leading to a higher risk of gas leakage. To address this issue, this study proposes a monolithic microreactor manufactured using additive manufacturing process. The hydrogen production performance of the microreactor is analyzed through simulation. The results indicate that the porosity of the reaction support and the reaction temperature are positively correlated with methanol conversion, H2 flow rate, and CO selectivity. In contrast, the injection rate of the methanol-water mixture is negatively correlated with methanol conversion and CO selectivity, but positively correlated with H2 flow rate. Compared to microreactors scaled up in size, those with an increased number of reaction supports demonstrate superior hydrogen production performance, with methanol conversion and H2 flow rate improved by 1.4 % and 2.5 %, respectively, while CO selectivity decreases by 2.38 %. Compared with traditional microreactor, the sealing performance and the flow rate of reaction product of monolithic microreactor increases by 280.1 % and 31.9 %, respectively.
{"title":"A novel monolithic microreactor for producing hydrogen in high safety","authors":"Tianqing Zheng , Mengmeng Zhang , Youji Zhan , Jixuan Xu , Hongsang Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Current hydrogen production microreactors typically use laminated cavity plates for assembly. However, as the number of cavity plates increases, the number of graphite sealing sheets also rises, leading to a higher risk of gas leakage. To address this issue, this study proposes a monolithic microreactor manufactured using additive manufacturing process. The hydrogen production performance of the microreactor is analyzed through simulation. The results indicate that the porosity of the reaction support and the reaction temperature are positively correlated with methanol conversion, H<sub>2</sub> flow rate, and CO selectivity. In contrast, the injection rate of the methanol-water mixture is negatively correlated with methanol conversion and CO selectivity, but positively correlated with H<sub>2</sub> flow rate. Compared to microreactors scaled up in size, those with an increased number of reaction supports demonstrate superior hydrogen production performance, with methanol conversion and H<sub>2</sub> flow rate improved by 1.4 % and 2.5 %, respectively, while CO selectivity decreases by 2.38 %. Compared with traditional microreactor, the sealing performance and the flow rate of reaction product of monolithic microreactor increases by 280.1 % and 31.9 %, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"130 ","pages":"Pages 45-53"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-24DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.281
Soufiane Bahou
This study provides a novel analysis of the future of green hydrogen in Morocco. A detailed techno-economic assessment of hydrogen production using wind electricity is presented and discussed, offering new insights into the viability and potential of wind-powered hydrogen generation across different regions of the country. The first step of this study is to assess the wind energy potential at the studied locations. Then, the levelized cost of energy, the levelized cost of hydrogen, the energy efficiency, and the amount of hydrogen produced by wind electricity are analyzed for each of the selected sites. The study evaluates hydrogen production and its cost at 13 sites throughout the country and ranks them according to the amount of hydrogen produced by wind electricity. The results reveals that the levelized cost of energy ranges from 0.0269 to 0.303 USD/kWh. In addition, the study shows that Koudia Al Baida and Haouma are the best appropriate locations for hydrogen production, while Tiznit is the least qualified. Moreover, the levelized cost of hydrogen in Koudia Al Baida is estimated at 2.23 USD/kg, while the levelized cost of hydrogen in Tiznit is 24.75 USD/kg.
{"title":"Techno-economic analysis of green hydrogen production from onshore wind for Morocco","authors":"Soufiane Bahou","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study provides a novel analysis of the future of green hydrogen in Morocco. A detailed techno-economic assessment of hydrogen production using wind electricity is presented and discussed, offering new insights into the viability and potential of wind-powered hydrogen generation across different regions of the country. The first step of this study is to assess the wind energy potential at the studied locations. Then, the levelized cost of energy, the levelized cost of hydrogen, the energy efficiency, and the amount of hydrogen produced by wind electricity are analyzed for each of the selected sites. The study evaluates hydrogen production and its cost at 13 sites throughout the country and ranks them according to the amount of hydrogen produced by wind electricity. The results reveals that the levelized cost of energy ranges from 0.0269 to 0.303 USD/kWh. In addition, the study shows that Koudia Al Baida and Haouma are the best appropriate locations for hydrogen production, while Tiznit is the least qualified. Moreover, the levelized cost of hydrogen in Koudia Al Baida is estimated at 2.23 USD/kg, while the levelized cost of hydrogen in Tiznit is 24.75 USD/kg.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"129 ","pages":"Pages 51-59"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-24DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.290
Dawid Kutyła
This study presents the electrodeposition of nickel–carbon (Ni–C) amorphous alloys using arginine as a carbon precursor in a modified Watts bath. Increasing carbon content leads to structural amorphization, reduced crystallite size (down to 8 nm), and enhanced electrochemically active surface area (ECSA). Electrochemical tests reveal improved catalytic performance for both hydrogen evolution (HER) and urea electrooxidation. The overpotential at −10 mA/cm2 for HER is significantly reduced (−0.243 V vs. RHE), and Ni–C electrodes exhibit 10-time higher current densities for urea oxidation at +1.55 V in 1 M NaOH +0.33 M urea compared to pure nickel. The presence of carbon promotes the formation of the Ni(OH)2/NiOOH redox couple by increasing the electrochemically active surface area and enhancing oxidation efficiency. These results highlight Ni–C alloys as promising electrode materials for energy conversion and waste valorization applications.
{"title":"Electrodeposited Ni–C amorphous alloys: A novel approach to enhancing catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution and urea electrooxidation","authors":"Dawid Kutyła","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the electrodeposition of nickel–carbon (Ni–C) amorphous alloys using arginine as a carbon precursor in a modified Watts bath. Increasing carbon content leads to structural amorphization, reduced crystallite size (down to 8 nm), and enhanced electrochemically active surface area (ECSA). Electrochemical tests reveal improved catalytic performance for both hydrogen evolution (HER) and urea electrooxidation. The overpotential at −10 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> for HER is significantly reduced (−0.243 V vs. RHE), and Ni–C electrodes exhibit 10-time higher current densities for urea oxidation at +1.55 V in 1 M NaOH +0.33 M urea compared to pure nickel. The presence of carbon promotes the formation of the Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>/NiOOH redox couple by increasing the electrochemically active surface area and enhancing oxidation efficiency. These results highlight Ni–C alloys as promising electrode materials for energy conversion and waste valorization applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"129 ","pages":"Pages 184-192"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-24DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.283
Jordy Motte , Joachim Boddez , Jim Gripekoven , Pieter Nachtergaele , Jan Mertens , Samuel Saysset , Jo Dewulf
Renewable energy production in Belgium is highly challenging due to limited land availability. The import of solar energy from regions with high solar irradiation, e.g., the Atacama Desert, via energy vectors such as synthetic natural gas (SNG) produced from CO2 can be an alternative. In this work, two different CO2 sources for SNG production were investigated: direct air capture (DAC) (Case 1) and CO2 capture from a point source (Case 2). This paper aims to assess the environmental impacts of the production and transportation of this energy vector, including CO2 capture, benchmarked to the conventional natural gas production and its import in Belgium (reference). The results show that Case 1 has a lower impact on climate change and fossil resource use than Case 2 and the reference. However, the impact of Case 1 on other LCA indicators (e.g., freshwater ecotoxicity) is higher than the reference, but lower than Case 2.
{"title":"Life cycle assessment of solar energy conversion into synthetic natural gas for transportation including CO2 capture and dual shipping","authors":"Jordy Motte , Joachim Boddez , Jim Gripekoven , Pieter Nachtergaele , Jan Mertens , Samuel Saysset , Jo Dewulf","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Renewable energy production in Belgium is highly challenging due to limited land availability. The import of solar energy from regions with high solar irradiation, e.g., the Atacama Desert, via energy vectors such as synthetic natural gas (SNG) produced from CO<sub>2</sub> can be an alternative. In this work, two different CO<sub>2</sub> sources for SNG production were investigated: direct air capture (DAC) (Case 1) and CO<sub>2</sub> capture from a point source (Case 2). This paper aims to assess the environmental impacts of the production and transportation of this energy vector, including CO<sub>2</sub> capture, benchmarked to the conventional natural gas production and its import in Belgium (reference). The results show that Case 1 has a lower impact on climate change and fossil resource use than Case 2 and the reference. However, the impact of Case 1 on other LCA indicators (e.g., freshwater ecotoxicity) is higher than the reference, but lower than Case 2.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"129 ","pages":"Pages 150-160"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-24DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.313
Umar Farooq , Tao Liu , Ali Alshamrani , M. Mahtab Alam
<div><div>This study investigates the flow characteristics and thermal performance of <span><math><mrow><mi>A</mi><msub><mi>l</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>/</mo><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>O</mi></mrow></math></span> nanofluid across a curved, stretchable sheet for application in parabolic trough solar collectors (PTSC). Nanofluids, mostly water-based, enhance heat transfer efficiency in solar energy systems. This work investigates the effects of activation energy, thermal radiation, and chemical reactions on the performance of nanofluids, which is critical for optimizing sustainable energy technologies. Heat transfer is modeled by incorporating curvature, viscous forces, radial pressure gradients, thermal radiation, and chemical reactions. This work's novelty lies in conducting a sensitivity analysis to test which parameters are most sensitive to the combined effects of activation energy, thermal radiation, and chemical reaction rate, a key factor in the space environment. The Koo–Kleinstreuer–Li (KKL) model accounts for the interaction of nanoparticles in effective thermal conductivity and viscosity. Using similarity transformations, the governing equations for momentum, energy, and nanoparticle concentration are transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and solved using the BVP4C MATLAB scheme. The results, illustrated graphically, show that increasing curvature <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>Λ</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> and activation energy <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>E</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> improve the concentration profile, while chemical reaction rate <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>κ</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> and Schmidt number <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>c</mi></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> decrease it. The temperature profile increases with higher radiation parameters <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>d</mi></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> and Biot number <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mi>B</mi><mi>i</mi></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>. Response surface methodology (RSM) evaluate the impact of input parameters <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>0.1</mn><mo>≤</mo><mi>E</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>1.3</mn></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><mn>0.1</mn><mo>≤</mo><mi>R</mi><mi>d</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>1.4</mn></mrow></math></span>, and <span><math><mrow><mrow><mn>0.1</mn><mo>≤</mo><mi>κ</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>0.8</mn></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> on system performance. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) using RSM quantifies the impact of parameters on energy efficiency, with <span><math><mrow><msup><mi>R</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>95.80</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>j</mi><msup><mi>R</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>92.10</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></math></span> for the Nusselt number <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>u</mi></mrow><mo>)<
{"title":"Sensitivity of activation energy and thermal radiation in dihydrogen oxide based nanofluid performance in PTSC","authors":"Umar Farooq , Tao Liu , Ali Alshamrani , M. Mahtab Alam","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the flow characteristics and thermal performance of <span><math><mrow><mi>A</mi><msub><mi>l</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>/</mo><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>O</mi></mrow></math></span> nanofluid across a curved, stretchable sheet for application in parabolic trough solar collectors (PTSC). Nanofluids, mostly water-based, enhance heat transfer efficiency in solar energy systems. This work investigates the effects of activation energy, thermal radiation, and chemical reactions on the performance of nanofluids, which is critical for optimizing sustainable energy technologies. Heat transfer is modeled by incorporating curvature, viscous forces, radial pressure gradients, thermal radiation, and chemical reactions. This work's novelty lies in conducting a sensitivity analysis to test which parameters are most sensitive to the combined effects of activation energy, thermal radiation, and chemical reaction rate, a key factor in the space environment. The Koo–Kleinstreuer–Li (KKL) model accounts for the interaction of nanoparticles in effective thermal conductivity and viscosity. Using similarity transformations, the governing equations for momentum, energy, and nanoparticle concentration are transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and solved using the BVP4C MATLAB scheme. The results, illustrated graphically, show that increasing curvature <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>Λ</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> and activation energy <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>E</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> improve the concentration profile, while chemical reaction rate <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>κ</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> and Schmidt number <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>c</mi></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> decrease it. The temperature profile increases with higher radiation parameters <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>d</mi></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> and Biot number <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mi>B</mi><mi>i</mi></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>. Response surface methodology (RSM) evaluate the impact of input parameters <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>0.1</mn><mo>≤</mo><mi>E</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>1.3</mn></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><mn>0.1</mn><mo>≤</mo><mi>R</mi><mi>d</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>1.4</mn></mrow></math></span>, and <span><math><mrow><mrow><mn>0.1</mn><mo>≤</mo><mi>κ</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>0.8</mn></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> on system performance. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) using RSM quantifies the impact of parameters on energy efficiency, with <span><math><mrow><msup><mi>R</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>95.80</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>j</mi><msup><mi>R</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>92.10</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></math></span> for the Nusselt number <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>u</mi></mrow><mo>)<","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"129 ","pages":"Pages 253-264"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-24DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.301
Badis Lekouaghet , Mohammed Haddad , Mohamed Benghanem , Mohammed Amin Khelifa
With the increasing reliance on hydrogen as an energy carrier, significant advancements are being made in the evolving energy sector. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) play a central role in this transformation, offering an efficient and sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. Accurate modeling of PEMFCs is essential for performance analysis and optimization. This study proposes a novel approach to estimate seven unspecified PEMFC parameters using the Adolescent Identity Search Algorithm (AISA), a human-inspired optimization technique. The AISA algorithm is applied to minimize the sum of squared errors (SSE) between experimental and predicted voltage values for three commercial PEMFC models: the Horizon 500W Stack, the BCS500W Stack, and the NedStack PS6 Stack. The proposed approach achieves a minimum SSE of , , and for the three respective models. Further validation with four additional PEMFC datasets (Ballard Mark, H12-3, SR-12, and STD-4 stacks) confirms AISA's exceptional performance, achieving minimum SSE values of 9.3575E-01, 6.1870E-02, 1.0532E+00, and 2.0453E-01, respectively, with remarkable stability. Statistical validation through the Wilcoxon signed-rank test shows AISA outperforms comparison algorithms in 14 out of 18 pairwise comparisons, with no instances of being outperformed. Friedman test rankings position AISA as the top-performing algorithm across all case studies, with mean ranks of 1.17, 2.13, and 2.20, respectively. Comparative analysis with state-of-the-art metaheuristic algorithms—including the Gradient-Based Optimizer (GBO), Peafowl Optimization Algorithm (POA), and Honey Badger Algorithm (HBA)—confirms AISA's superior accuracy, stability, and computational efficiency, achieving runtime values as low as 0.5766 s. Furthermore, AISA exhibits superior convergence behavior, reaching optimal solutions with fewer function evaluations. These results highlight AISA's potential as an effective and computationally efficient tool for PEMFC parameter identification, fuel cell modeling, and performance optimization. Future research will focus on expanding the analysis to additional PEMFC models and exploring hybrid optimization strategies to further enhance accuracy and robustness.
{"title":"Identifying the unknown parameters of PEM fuel cells based on a human-inspired optimization algorithm","authors":"Badis Lekouaghet , Mohammed Haddad , Mohamed Benghanem , Mohammed Amin Khelifa","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the increasing reliance on hydrogen as an energy carrier, significant advancements are being made in the evolving energy sector. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) play a central role in this transformation, offering an efficient and sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. Accurate modeling of PEMFCs is essential for performance analysis and optimization. This study proposes a novel approach to estimate seven unspecified PEMFC parameters using the Adolescent Identity Search Algorithm (AISA), a human-inspired optimization technique. The AISA algorithm is applied to minimize the sum of squared errors (SSE) between experimental and predicted voltage values for three commercial PEMFC models: the Horizon 500W Stack, the BCS500W Stack, and the NedStack PS6 Stack. The proposed approach achieves a minimum SSE of <span><math><mrow><mn>7.6376</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><mn>1.2869</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, and <span><math><mrow><mn>2.2881</mn></mrow></math></span> for the three respective models. Further validation with four additional PEMFC datasets (Ballard Mark, H12-3, SR-12, and STD-4 stacks) confirms AISA's exceptional performance, achieving minimum SSE values of 9.3575E-01, 6.1870E-02, 1.0532E+00, and 2.0453E-01, respectively, with remarkable stability. Statistical validation through the Wilcoxon signed-rank test shows AISA outperforms comparison algorithms in 14 out of 18 pairwise comparisons, with no instances of being outperformed. Friedman test rankings position AISA as the top-performing algorithm across all case studies, with mean ranks of 1.17, 2.13, and 2.20, respectively. Comparative analysis with state-of-the-art metaheuristic algorithms—including the Gradient-Based Optimizer (GBO), Peafowl Optimization Algorithm (POA), and Honey Badger Algorithm (HBA)—confirms AISA's superior accuracy, stability, and computational efficiency, achieving runtime values as low as 0.5766 s. Furthermore, AISA exhibits superior convergence behavior, reaching optimal solutions with fewer function evaluations. These results highlight AISA's potential as an effective and computationally efficient tool for PEMFC parameter identification, fuel cell modeling, and performance optimization. Future research will focus on expanding the analysis to additional PEMFC models and exploring hybrid optimization strategies to further enhance accuracy and robustness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"129 ","pages":"Pages 222-235"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-24DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.203
Jana Fakhreddine , Paul E. Dodds , Isabela Butnar
Trade of hydrogen, as an energy commodity, would enable its widespread use in global energy systems. Hydrogen, unlike electricity, could be traded globally in its pure form or as a derivative compound (e.g. ammonia).
The development and potential size of global hydrogen trade remains uncertain due to technological, economic, infrastructural, and political complexities. We critically review how hydrogen trade models represent: (i) hydrogen supply and demand; (ii) derivatives supply and demand; (iii) hydrogen and derivative trade; and (iv) policy aspects affecting hydrogen scale-up.
While energy system models have the most detailed representation of hydrogen production and end-use demands, supply chain and techno-economic models have more detailed representations of trade supply chains of hydrogen and hydrogen derivatives. The implications of hydrogen policies have received limited consideration across all three model paradigms. Consequently, none of these approaches is yet to successfully and comprehensively represent the complexity of hydrogen and derivative trade systems.
{"title":"Global hydrogen trade pathways: A review of modelling advances and challenges","authors":"Jana Fakhreddine , Paul E. Dodds , Isabela Butnar","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Trade of hydrogen, as an energy commodity, would enable its widespread use in global energy systems. Hydrogen, unlike electricity, could be traded globally in its pure form or as a derivative compound (e.g. ammonia).</div><div>The development and potential size of global hydrogen trade remains uncertain due to technological, economic, infrastructural, and political complexities. We critically review how hydrogen trade models represent: (i) hydrogen supply and demand; (ii) derivatives supply and demand; (iii) hydrogen and derivative trade; and (iv) policy aspects affecting hydrogen scale-up.</div><div>While energy system models have the most detailed representation of hydrogen production and end-use demands, supply chain and techno-economic models have more detailed representations of trade supply chains of hydrogen and hydrogen derivatives. The implications of hydrogen policies have received limited consideration across all three model paradigms. Consequently, none of these approaches is yet to successfully and comprehensively represent the complexity of hydrogen and derivative trade systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"129 ","pages":"Pages 236-252"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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