International Journal of Hydrogen Energy最新文献_第4页

Experimental study on absorption and desorption behavior of a novel metal hydride reactor for stationary hydrogen storage applications 用于固定式储氢的新型金属氢化物反应器的吸收和解吸行为实验研究

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.058

Shubham Parashar , P. Muthukumar , Atul Kumar Soti

Metal hydrides have captured significant attention for hydrogen storage because of their high energy density and safety. However, the performance of these systems is largely influenced by the design of the storage reactor. In this perspective, a novel compact, lightweight, and effective multi tube MH reactor was designed, fabricated, and experimentally tested. The absorption and desorption behavior of the newly developed Ti_0.9Zr_0.1Mn_1.46V_0.45Fe_0.09 alloy using the proposed MH reactor for hydrogen storage applications was analysed. At 30 bar supply pressure, the MH reactor absorbed 164.3 g (1.58 wt.%) of hydrogen in 894 s and delivered specific energy at an average rate of 94.7 W/kg_MH. Further, the reactor released 153.6 g (1.48 wt.%) of hydrogen in 2246 s, when the desorption temperature was set at 50 ^°C. Moreover, the parametric study revealed that by raising the supply pressure from 10 bar to 20 bar and 30 bar, the stored capacity was improved by 11 % and 18.9 %, respectively, whereas the absorption time was drastically reduced by 43 % and 61.5 %, respectively. Furthermore, the fabricated reactor achieved gravimetric and volumetric storage densities of 0.75 % and 20.6 kg/m³ of H₂. Also, the MH reactor achieved a maximum hydrogen storage efficiency of 82.3 %. Finally, the comparative results indicated that the MH reactor studied in this work demonstrated a faster hydrogen release rate compared to other medium to large capacity MH reactors reported in the literature.

金属氢化物具有高能量密度和安全性，因此在氢气储存方面备受关注。然而，这些系统的性能在很大程度上受到储氢反应器设计的影响。从这个角度出发，我们设计、制造并实验测试了一种新型紧凑、轻质、高效的多管 MH 反应器。分析了新开发的 Ti0.9Zr0.1Mn1.46V0.45Fe0.09 合金在氢气存储应用中使用拟议的 MH 反应器的吸收和解吸行为。在 30 巴的供应压力下，MH 反应器在 894 秒内吸收了 164.3 克（1.58 wt.%）氢气，并以 94.7 W/kgMH 的平均速率输出比能量。此外，当解吸温度设定为 50 °C 时，反应器在 2246 秒内释放出 153.6 克（1.48 重量百分比）氢气。此外，参数研究显示，将供应压力从 10 巴提高到 20 巴和 30 巴后，储存能力分别提高了 11% 和 18.9%，而吸收时间则分别大幅缩短了 43% 和 61.5%。此外，制造的反应器实现了 0.75 % 和 20.6 kg/m3 H2 的重力和体积存储密度。此外，MH 反应器的最大氢气储存效率达到了 82.3%。最后，比较结果表明，与文献中报道的其他中大容量 MH 反应器相比，本研究中研究的 MH 反应器具有更快的氢气释放速度。

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引用次数: 0

Standalone green hydrogen production powered by photovoltaic panels and solar atmospheric water harvesting hybrid system: Experimental investigation 由光伏板和太阳能大气集水混合系统驱动的独立绿色氢气生产：实验研究

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.221

Rania S. Nada , Mohamed Emam , Hamdy Hassan

The current study experimentally investigates the performance of a hybrid standalone solar system of atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) and solar photovoltaic powering electrolyzer for green water and green hydrogen production. The system prototype is designed, constructed, and tested under outdoor summer and winter climate conditions of Alexandria, Egypt at different operating and design enhancement conditions. Water electrolyzes concept for green hydrogen production system driven by a photovoltaic panel and silica gel absorption/desorption atmospheric water harvesting solar still concept with insertion of porous sheet metals for freshwater production is performed and evaluated. The results show a rise of the AWH freshwater production of (60% and 120%) and (146% and 260%) in summer and winter, respectively with the insertion of one and two porous metal sheets, respectively. The maximum rise of the AWH efficiency is 82% in summer and 53.4% in winter by using 2 porous metal sheets. The hydrogen production rate of the system in summer is higher than that of winter by about 25%. System efficiency is almost doubled when electrolyzer KOH concentration increased from 4 gm/kg to 12 gm/kg water. The average daily system efficiency of the AWH, electrolyzer, and overall system reaches 11.6%, 65.1%, and 2.6% when operating at a KOH concentration of 12 gm/kg with two porous metal sheets. The study contributes to achieving mainly SDG goals 6, 7, and 13.

本研究通过实验调查了大气水收集（AWH）和太阳能光伏发电电解槽混合独立太阳能系统在绿色水和绿色氢气生产方面的性能。系统原型是在埃及亚历山大的夏季和冬季室外气候条件下，在不同的运行和设计增强条件下设计、建造和测试的。对由光伏板和硅胶吸收/解吸大气水收集太阳能蒸发器概念驱动的绿色制氢系统的水电解概念进行了研究和评估，并插入了用于淡水生产的多孔金属片。结果表明，插入一块和两块多孔金属板后，夏季和冬季的大气集水淡水产量分别提高了（60%和 120%）和（146%和 260%）。使用两块多孔金属板后，夏季和冬季的 AWH 效率分别提高了 82% 和 53.4%。该系统在夏季的制氢率比冬季高出约 25%。当电解槽的 KOH 浓度从 4 克/千克水增加到 12 克/千克水时，系统效率几乎翻了一番。当 KOH 浓度为 12 gm/kg 且使用两块多孔金属板时，AWH、电解槽和整个系统的平均日系统效率分别达到 11.6%、65.1% 和 2.6%。这项研究主要有助于实现可持续发展目标 6、7 和 13。

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引用次数: 0

Additive effect of alkaline earth metal on hydrogen production via catalytic ammonia decomposition over Co/CeO2 catalysts 碱土金属对 Co/CeO2 催化剂催化氨分解制氢的添加效应

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.170

Wenshuo Zhang , Weili Zhou , Yangfeng Li , Yajun Chen , Zhihai Zhang , Yao Zhao , Xing Li , Yi Mou , Zhandong Wang

The production of hydrogen from directly catalytic ammonia decomposition shows promise in improving the ammonia viability for engine use. For practical application, it is demanded to investigate additives as well as their impact mechanism on the catalytic properties of transition metal catalysts. Herein, a series of Co/CeO₂ catalysts were prepared via a facile precipitation method and the effect of Mg adding was investigated. It is found that addition of 1% Mg decreased the catalytic activity of 5% and 10% Co/CeO₂, while increased that of 20% Co/CeO₂. Systematic characterizations revealed that Mg promoted the metal-support interaction, which not only benefited the dispersion of Co, but also increased the valence state of Co and enhanced the reducibility. Also, more oxygen vacancies were generated, thus benefiting the reaction process. This work invested new insights into the role of alkaline-earth metal in NH₃ decomposition and provided a strategy to modulate the hydrogen–ammonia ratio which is vital for NH₃ combustion.

直接催化氨分解制氢有望提高氨在发动机中的使用率。在实际应用中，需要研究添加剂及其对过渡金属催化剂催化性能的影响机理。本文通过简便沉淀法制备了一系列 Co/CeO2 催化剂，并研究了添加镁的影响。研究发现，添加 1%的镁会降低 5% 和 10% Co/CeO2 的催化活性，而提高 20% Co/CeO2 的催化活性。系统特性分析表明，镁促进了金属与支撑物之间的相互作用，这不仅有利于 Co 的分散，还提高了 Co 的价态，增强了还原性。此外，还产生了更多的氧空位，从而有利于反应过程。这项研究对碱土金属在 NH3 分解中的作用有了新的认识，并为调节对 NH3 燃烧至关重要的氢氨比提供了一种策略。

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引用次数: 0

Hydrogen–steam separation using mechanical vapor recompression cycle 利用机械蒸汽再压缩循环进行氢蒸汽分离

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.040

Alon Lidor

Solar thermochemical hydrogen production is a promising pathway for producing sustainable fuels and chemicals. One of the main challenges in the development of these processes is their low steam conversion extent, dictated by its restrictive thermodynamics requiring extremely high temperatures over 1500 °C and low oxygen partial pressure to obtain a steam conversion over 10%. While condensing the unreacted steam is technically simple, the latent heat is thus rendered useless for the process. In many cases, this lost heat can be larger than the higher heating value of the produced hydrogen. We propose a new separation method based on a mechanical vapor recompression cycle, enabling the recovery of the latent heat by compressing the steam–hydrogen mixture prior to the condensation process, thus creating a temperature difference between the hot exhaust and cold inlet streams. We show that this separation method can recover the latent heat and keep its quality in relevant operating conditions while requiring less than 14% of the recovered heat for compression work, resulting in a coefficient of performance over 7. This method increases the viability of solar thermochemical hydrogen production cycles, especially under limited steam conversion conditions.

太阳能热化学制氢是生产可持续燃料和化学品的一条前景广阔的途径。开发这些工艺的主要挑战之一是蒸汽转化率低，这是由其限制性热力学所决定的，需要超过 1500 °C 的极高温和低氧分压才能获得超过 10% 的蒸汽转化率。虽然冷凝未反应的蒸汽在技术上很简单，但潜热在工艺中却毫无用处。在许多情况下，这种损失的热量可能大于所产生氢气的较高热值。我们提出了一种基于机械蒸汽再压缩循环的新分离方法，通过在冷凝过程之前压缩蒸汽-氢气混合物来回收潜热，从而在热排气和冷进气之间形成温差。我们的研究表明，这种分离方法可以回收潜热，并在相关运行条件下保持其质量，同时只需不到 14% 的回收热量用于压缩工作，因此性能系数超过 7。这种方法提高了太阳能热化学制氢循环的可行性，尤其是在有限的蒸汽转换条件下。

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引用次数: 0

Addressing the challenge of ammonia slip and nitrous oxide emissions from zero-carbon fuelled engines through catalytic aftertreatment solutions 通过催化后处理解决方案应对零碳燃料发动机的氨滑移和氧化亚氮排放挑战

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.173

M. Wu , A. Cova-Bonillo , P. Gabana , G. Brinklow , N.D. Khedkar , J.M. Herreros , S. Zeraati Rezaei , A. Tsolakis , P. Millington , S. Alcove Clave , Andrew P.E. York

Addressing climate change demands, energy security and resilience has necessitated replacing conventional fossil-based fuels with zero and carbon-neutral fuels/energy carriers. The most immediate solution is the partial and progressive substitution of conventional fuels in transportation. The effects of partially substituting gasoline with ammonia/hydrogen (NH₃/H₂) mixtures in a spark ignition (SI) engine are investigated in this paper. The utilization of NH₃/H₂ mixtures is a promising avenue of research since they can be produced from on-board NH₃ reforming, utilising heat energy that is recovered from hot exhaust gases. Experimental results indicate that adding NH₃/H₂ enabled stable engine operation at lean conditions (λ = 1.4), resulting in reduced carbon-based emissions due to the non-carbon nature of NH₃/H₂. Utilising an integrated approach that combined a hemispherical flame geometry model with a thermodynamic model, has revealed that the introduction of NH₃/H₂ significantly enhanced the combustion speed during the initial phase and further improved combustion efficiency. However, nitrogen-based emissions such as NO and NO₂ increased. This work also assessed the performance of a conventional three-way catalyst (TWC) and a double-function ammonia slip catalyst (ASC) in mitigating emissions. The TWC effectively controlled carbon-based emissions and NO under stoichiometric conditions but exhibited reduced efficiency under lean conditions, especially with NH₃ present. The ASC demonstrated high NH₃ conversion efficiency even at low temperatures, making it suitable for engine start-up and warm-up phases. Under steady-state conditions with artificially increased NH₃/NO_X ratios, a significant reduction in NOx emission was achieved with the ASC. However, high NH₃/NO_X ratios increased nitrous oxide (N₂O) formation and NH₃ slip.

要满足气候变化需求、实现能源安全和提高复原力，就必须用零碳排放和碳中性的燃料/能源载体取代传统的化石燃料。最直接的解决方案是在交通领域部分和逐步替代传统燃料。本文研究了在火花点火（SI）发动机中用氨/氢（NH3/H2）混合物部分替代汽油的效果。由于 NH3/H2 混合物可以通过车载 NH3 重整产生，并利用从热废气中回收的热能，因此使用 NH3/H2 混合物是一个很有前景的研究方向。实验结果表明，添加 NH3/H2 可使发动机在贫油条件（λ = 1.4）下稳定运行，由于 NH3/H2 的非碳特性，可减少碳排放。利用半球形火焰几何模型与热力学模型相结合的综合方法发现，NH3/H2 的引入显著提高了初始阶段的燃烧速度，并进一步提高了燃烧效率。然而，氮基排放物（如 NO 和 NO2）却有所增加。这项研究还评估了传统三元催化剂（TWC）和双功能氨滑移催化剂（ASC）在减少排放方面的性能。在化学计量条件下，TWC 能有效控制碳基排放和 NO，但在贫油条件下，尤其是在存在 NH3 的情况下，TWC 的效率有所降低。即使在低温条件下，ASC 的 NH3 转化效率也很高，因此适用于发动机启动和预热阶段。在人为提高 NH3/NOX 比率的稳态条件下，ASC 能显著减少氮氧化物的排放。然而，高 NH3/NOX 比率增加了一氧化二氮（N2O）的形成和 NH3 的滑移。

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引用次数: 0

A precise prediction for the hydrogen storage ability of perovskite XPH3 (X=Li, Na, K) hydrides: First-principles study 精确预测包晶 XPH3（X=Li、Na、K）氢化物的储氢能力：第一原理研究

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.135

Hudabia Murtaza , Quratul Ain , Shams A.M. Issa , Hesham M.H. Zakaly , Junaid Munir

Hydrogen storage remains a significant barrier to creating a sustainable hydrogen economy, as many current materials fail to meet the high safety, efficiency, and capacity requirements. Current hydrogen storage technologies frequently exhibit low gravimetric densities and slow absorption/desorption rates, which limit their practical applicability in energy systems. This manuscript reports the first principles analysis on the physical features of alkali-based perovskite hydrides LiPH₃, NaPH₃, and KPH₃, along with their hydrogen storage potential. Volume optimization curves, negative formation enthalpies and tolerance factor manifested the complete structural and geometric stability of these studied hydrides. Brittle, higher resistance to indentation, endurance towards high temperatures and anisotropic behavior are revealed through mechanical attributes for LiPH₃, NaPH₃, and KPH₃. Higher longitudinal velocities are observed in crystallographic planes. The directional velocities for XPH3 (X = Li, Na, K) reflect an anisotropic nature in each crystallographic plane. The electronic band structure, TDOS and PDOS elaborates the metallic behavior of these studied hydrides. These hydrides' optical characteristics showed that they have good optical conductivity in the UV spectrum, along with minimal polarization and dispersion in the UV region. The hydrogen storage capacities for LiPH₃ (6.83 wt%), NaPH₃ (5.00 wt%), and KPH₃ (3.95 wt%) signifies that all perovskite hydrides have shown promising results for hydrogen storage but LiPH₃ is the strongest contender for hydrogen storage with highest gravimetric ratio (6.83 wt%) and volumetric storage (93.39 gH₂/L) as it fulfills the energy storage demand mentioned by US-DOE of metal hydrides for year 2025.

氢储存仍然是创造可持续氢经济的一个重大障碍，因为目前的许多材料都无法满足对安全性、效率和容量的高要求。目前的储氢技术往往表现出较低的重力密度和较慢的吸收/解吸速率，这限制了它们在能源系统中的实际应用。本手稿报告了碱基包晶氢化物 LiPH3、NaPH3 和 KPH3 的物理特性及其储氢潜力的第一性原理分析。体积优化曲线、负形成焓和容限因子表明了所研究的这些氢化物具有完全的结构和几何稳定性。LiPH3、NaPH3 和 KPH3 的机械属性显示了脆性、较高的抗压缩性、耐高温性和各向异性。在晶体平面上观察到较高的纵向速度。XPH3（X = Li、Na、K）的方向速度反映了每个晶面的各向异性。电子能带结构、TDOS 和 PDOS 阐明了所研究的这些氢化物的金属特性。这些氢化物的光学特性表明，它们在紫外光谱中具有良好的光学传导性，同时在紫外区的极化和色散程度极小。LiPH3 (6.83 wt%)、NaPH3 (5.00 wt%) 和 KPH3 (3.95 wt%) 的储氢能力表明，所有包晶体氢化物在储氢方面都取得了可喜的成果，但 LiPH3 是储氢方面最有力的竞争者，具有最高的重量比（6.83 wt%）和体积储氢能力（93.39 gH2/L），因为它满足了美国能源部提到的 2025 年金属氢化物的储能需求。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of carbon capture and utilization in steelmaking: A case study using a hybrid fuel cell - gas turbine system 评估炼钢过程中的碳捕集与利用：使用混合燃料电池-燃气轮机系统的案例研究

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.128

Elisângela Martins Leal , Natália Ribeiro

This paper investigates a carbon capture and utilization plant that converts steelmaking exhaust gases into valuable fuels. It examines the behavior of synthesis gas, identifies optimal operational parameters, and explores kinetics for methanol and ethanol production. Additionally, it examines the impact of varying H₂/CO, and H₂/CO₂ ratios and evaluates the efficiency of a hybrid system combining a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and gas turbine (GT) powered by synthesized methanol. Using the Chemical Equilibrium with Applications software, the study analyzes the dynamic behavior of synthesis gas molar fractions within the water-gas shift reactor and Fischer Tropsch reactor. Optimal operational parameters were identified at a temperature range of 200–250 °C, pressure of 4.5 MPa, H₂/CO, and H₂/CO₂ ratios of 2.0, enabling efficient carbon conversion. Further exploration into the kinetics, alongside the commercial Cu/ZnO/Al₂O₃ catalyst in the Fischer Tropsch synthesis, supports methanol and ethanol production. Increased H₂/CO, and H₂/CO₂ ratios favor methanol production with lower carbon dioxide fractions, while ethanol production and CO₂ emissions decrease as these ratios rise. Finally, a case study incorporates exergoeconomic and exergoenvironmental analyses of a SOFC-GT hybrid system fuelled by methanol from Fischer Tropsch synthesis, where the combustor exhibits the lowest exergy efficiency (62.3%), while the fuel cell achieves an exergy efficiency of about 86.5%.

本文研究了将炼钢废气转化为有价值燃料的碳捕集与利用工厂。它研究了合成气的行为，确定了最佳运行参数，并探讨了甲醇和乙醇的生产动力学。此外，它还研究了不同 H2/CO 和 H2/CO2 比率的影响，并评估了由合成甲醇驱动的固体氧化物燃料电池 (SOFC) 和燃气轮机 (GT) 混合系统的效率。研究使用化学平衡与应用软件分析了水-气变换反应器和费托合成反应器中合成气摩尔分数的动态行为。研究确定了最佳操作参数，温度范围为 200-250 °C，压力为 4.5 兆帕，H2/CO 和 H2/CO2 比率为 2.0，从而实现了高效的碳转化。在费托合成中使用商用 Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 催化剂的同时，还对动力学进行了进一步探索，以支持甲醇和乙醇的生产。H2/CO 和 H2/CO2 比率的增加有利于甲醇的生产，同时降低二氧化碳的馏分，而乙醇的生产和二氧化碳的排放则随着这些比率的增加而减少。最后，案例研究结合了以费托合成甲醇为燃料的 SOFC-GT 混合系统的能效经济和能效环境分析，其中燃烧器的能效最低（62.3%），而燃料电池的能效约为 86.5%。

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引用次数: 0

Spatial MILP optimization framework for siting Hydrogen Refueling Stations in heavy-duty freight transport 重型货运加氢站选址的空间 MILP 优化框架

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.086

Antonio De Padova , Daniele Salvatore Schiera , Francesco Demetrio Minuto , Andrea Lanzini

The need for deep decarbonization of the transport sector cannot be understated, as it accounts for about the 25% of greenhouse gas emissions in Europe. Developing hydrogen-based trucks is one of the viable solutions for exploiting green hydrogen and reaching climate neutrality. This work presents an optimization framework to optimally place Hydrogen Refueling Stations (HRS) for hydrogen-based trucks under technical, policy and regulatory constraints. It relies on an EU heavy-duty road freight transport database adapted to the latest publicly available statistics to update the demand intensity. A revised Node Capacitated Flow Refueling Location Model is proposed to minimize the number of HRS to be sited on the highway network. The node capacity constraint considers standard sized HRS with a maximum daily capacity ranging from 500 (S-sized) to 4000 kg (XL-sized). The framework can be a useful evaluation tool to strategically site HRS, both for policymakers and stakeholders. To this end, the Italian highway network was evaluated as a case study, finding that at least 78 HRS nodes are required across the road network if a 10% share of hydrogen vehicles is considered, as planned in the Italian National Recovery and Resilience Plan. The median utilization factor of the refueling stations is 67.5%, ranging from 49% for the S-sized to 86% for the XL-sized, which are located mainly in northern Italian regions. To effectively reduce emissions in road freight transport, results show that at least 368 MW of additional equivalent photovoltaic capacity is needed to produce entirely green hydrogen, reducing the greenhouse gases emissions associated to the road freight transport by 6.5%.

运输部门的温室气体排放量约占欧洲总量的 25%，因此运输部门深度脱碳的必要性不容低估。开发氢基卡车是利用绿色氢气和实现气候中和的可行解决方案之一。这项工作提出了一个优化框架，在技术、政策和法规限制条件下，为氢基卡车优化布置加氢站（HRS）。它依赖于欧盟重型公路货物运输数据库，该数据库根据最新的公开统计数据进行了调整，以更新需求强度。该模型提出了一个经过修订的节点容量流式加氢站选址模型，以最大限度地减少公路网络中加氢站的数量。节点容量约束考虑了标准尺寸的 HRS，其最大日容量从 500 公斤（S 尺寸）到 4000 公斤（XL 尺寸）不等。对于政策制定者和利益相关者来说，该框架可以成为战略性选址 HRS 的有用评估工具。为此，我们将意大利高速公路网作为案例进行了评估，结果发现，如果按照意大利国家恢复和复原计划的规划，氢能汽车的比例达到 10%，那么整个公路网至少需要 78 个氢能加注站节点。加氢站的中位利用率为 67.5%，从 S 型加氢站的 49% 到 XL 型加氢站的 86%，这些加氢站主要分布在意大利北部地区。结果显示，要有效减少公路货运的排放，至少需要增加 368 兆瓦的等效光伏发电能力，才能生产出完全绿色的氢气，从而将公路货运相关的温室气体排放减少 6.5%。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of hydrogen storage capacity required for decarbonization: A case study using off-site green hydrogen for buildings 评估去碳化所需的氢储存能力：使用建筑物外绿色氢气的案例研究

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.159

Yuta Segawa , Naruki Endo , Eisuke Shimoda , Toshihiro Yamane

We have been developing hydrogen utilization systems for buildings using fuel cell, electrolyzer, and metal hydride hydrogen storage. This paper describes the reduction of CO₂ emissions from buildings and assesses the hydrogen storage capacity required for using off-site hydrogen. We prepared a low- and a high-load-factor model to investigate the effects of off-site hydrogen deployment for different building uses. We confirmed that off-site hydrogen delivery contributes to reducing hydrogen storage capacity in the two models. We identified how hydrogen delivery planning can substantially reduce hydrogen storage capacity while achieving high CO₂ emission reductions. The study also confirmed that hydrogen transportation is effective, even when parameters such as photovoltaic (PV) generation capacity are considered. The entire off-site hydrogen utilization system costs, including the cost of operating off-site hydrogen in a building, were evaluated to identify lower-cost operation conditions. The findings show that the cost of operating an off-site hydrogen system in a building can be managed through a well-designed hydrogen delivery strategy that does not increase the capacity required for hydrogen storage facilities.

我们一直在利用燃料电池、电解槽和金属氢化物储氢技术开发建筑物氢利用系统。本文介绍了如何减少建筑物的二氧化碳排放，并评估了异地氢气利用所需的氢气存储容量。我们制作了一个低负荷和高负荷系数模型，以研究不同建筑用途的场外氢气部署效果。我们证实，在这两个模型中，异地氢气输送有助于减少氢气存储容量。我们确定了氢气输送规划如何在实现较高二氧化碳减排量的同时大幅降低氢气存储容量。研究还证实，即使考虑到光伏发电能力等参数，氢气输送也是有效的。研究评估了整个异地氢气利用系统的成本，包括在建筑物内运行异地氢气的成本，以确定成本较低的运行条件。研究结果表明，在不增加储氢设施所需容量的情况下，通过精心设计的氢气输送策略，可以控制建筑物内异地氢气系统的运营成本。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of the jet obstacle on flame acceleration and deflagration-to-detonation transition: A numerical perspective 射流障碍物对火焰加速度和爆燃到爆燃转变的影响：数值视角

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.175

Liangyi Fan , Jiabao Wang , Xinyu Zhao , Jianfeng Pan , Yuejin Zhu

As a new type of the detonation-promoting technology, the jet obstacle has attracted wide attention of researchers, but there are still many deficiencies in the current studies. Based on means of numerical analysis, the effects of jet velocity and the non-uniformity of the velocity distribution on flame acceleration and DDT (deflagration-to-detonation transition) processes are investigated in detail using the unsteady Reynolds average simulation method. The findings indicate that, with regard to flame acceleration, an increase in jet velocity will initially impede the acceleration of the flame to a certain extent. Nevertheless, the interaction between the flame and the jet gives rise to a complex multiple acceleration mechanism (such as the intensification of flow field perturbations within the channel, an augmented accumulation of premixed gases, an amplified virtual blocking effect, and an enlarged recirculation zone). This increased jet velocity serves to accelerate both the propagation of the flame and the detonation initiation process. The jet non-uniformity of the velocity distribution is also a vital factor to improve the DDT process. With the increase in the trend of non-uniformity changes in the jet velocity distribution (the continuous enhanced jets are used in this paper), the time and distance required for the detonation initiation of premixed gases are shortened. Furthermore, depending on the state of the shock wave, the detonation initiation processes in this paper all belong to the shock to detonation transition, which can be further classified into two categories: (I) detonation that induced by shock reflection; and (II) detonation that induced by shock focusing.

作为一种新型的促爆技术，射流障碍物引起了研究人员的广泛关注，但目前的研究还存在很多不足。基于数值分析手段，采用非稳态雷诺平均模拟方法，详细研究了射流速度和速度分布的不均匀性对火焰加速和 DDT（爆燃到爆轰转换）过程的影响。研究结果表明，在火焰加速方面，射流速度的增加最初会在一定程度上阻碍火焰的加速。然而，火焰与射流之间的相互作用产生了复杂的多重加速机制（如加强通道内的流场扰动、增加预混合气体的积聚、扩大虚拟阻塞效应以及扩大再循环区）。射流速度的增加会加速火焰的传播和起爆过程。射流速度分布的不均匀性也是改善 DDT 过程的一个重要因素。随着射流速度分布非均匀性变化趋势的增加（本文中使用的是连续增强型射流），预混合气体起爆所需的时间和距离都会缩短。此外，根据冲击波的状态，本文中的起爆过程都属于冲击到起爆的过渡，可进一步分为两类：（I）由冲击反射引起的起爆；（II）由冲击聚焦引起的起爆。

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