Pub Date : 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153481
Jian Jiang , Dongsheng Du , Lin Su , Yifan Du
Against the global energy crisis and environmental pollution, proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is key green energy device, yet their large-scale application is impeded by inaccurate remaining useful life (RUL) prediction and standalone deep learning model flaws. To resolve these issues, this study proposes a parallel TCN-BiLSTM framework for high-precision PEMFC RUL forecasting. A composite denoising model (VMD-KF-MF) purifies voltage signals while retaining degradation features; residual connections boost long-sequence capture of temporal convolutional network (TCN), and an improved artificial lemming algorithm (IALA) optimizes bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) weights; point-wise mean squared error (MSE) integrates sub-model outputs. Compared with existing models, the model achieves a prediction accuracy of 99.35%, and its stability and robustness are greatly improved, advancing PEMFC prognostic technology, enabling reliable predictive maintenance, cutting operational costs, and accelerating PEMFC industrialization.
{"title":"A TCN-BiLSTM-based approach for remaining useful life prediction of PEMFC","authors":"Jian Jiang , Dongsheng Du , Lin Su , Yifan Du","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Against the global energy crisis and environmental pollution, proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is key green energy device, yet their large-scale application is impeded by inaccurate remaining useful life (RUL) prediction and standalone deep learning model flaws. To resolve these issues, this study proposes a parallel TCN-BiLSTM framework for high-precision PEMFC RUL forecasting. A composite denoising model (VMD-KF-MF) purifies voltage signals while retaining degradation features; residual connections boost long-sequence capture of temporal convolutional network (TCN), and an improved artificial lemming algorithm (IALA) optimizes bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) weights; point-wise mean squared error (MSE) integrates sub-model outputs. Compared with existing models, the model achieves a prediction accuracy of 99.35%, and its stability and robustness are greatly improved, advancing PEMFC prognostic technology, enabling reliable predictive maintenance, cutting operational costs, and accelerating PEMFC industrialization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 153481"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145975744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153436
Xingyu Xiong , Yunfei Wu , Kao Liang , Xiaoai Wang , Liang Hu , Suping Peng
The high stresses generated inside solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) result in accelerated degradation and structural failure. This paper presents steady-state and dynamic studies on planar stack models with varying cell length-to-width ratios to reduce thermal stress. Compared to the standard 1:1 ratio stack, the 2:1 design reduces the maximum principal stress by more than 30 % under steady-state conditions. In a dynamic study where the stack operating current was uniformly increased from 10 A to 50 A over 600 s, the maximum principal stress remained near zero during the initial 400 s under a maximum 0.08 K/s temperature change rate. This indicates a capability for maintaining lower stress levels when implementing fluctuating power control. Furthermore, analysis of the stress distribution from 0s to 1000s reveals that the peripheral electrolyte regions undergo a transition from compressive to tensile stress states, which shows the necessity of stress cycle amplitudes control to mitigate fatigue risk.
{"title":"Toward lower thermal stress of planar solid oxide fuel cell stack: Steady-state and dynamic studies","authors":"Xingyu Xiong , Yunfei Wu , Kao Liang , Xiaoai Wang , Liang Hu , Suping Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high stresses generated inside solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) result in accelerated degradation and structural failure. This paper presents steady-state and dynamic studies on planar stack models with varying cell length-to-width ratios to reduce thermal stress. Compared to the standard 1:1 ratio stack, the 2:1 design reduces the maximum principal stress by more than 30 % under steady-state conditions. In a dynamic study where the stack operating current was uniformly increased from 10 A to 50 A over 600 s, the maximum principal stress remained near zero during the initial 400 s under a maximum 0.08 K/s temperature change rate. This indicates a capability for maintaining lower stress levels when implementing fluctuating power control. Furthermore, analysis of the stress distribution from 0s to 1000s reveals that the peripheral electrolyte regions undergo a transition from compressive to tensile stress states, which shows the necessity of stress cycle amplitudes control to mitigate fatigue risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 153436"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145975746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153519
Si-Cheng Zhong , Jia Li , Zhe Cui , Guang-Run Tian , Fa-Chang Zhao , Zhong-Hong Zhou , Hong-Fei Jiao , Dan-Yang Liu , Jie-Fu Xiong , Li-Chen Wang , Jun Xiang , Fu-Fa Wu , Rong-Da Zhao
Enhancing the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance of bulk electrodes through surface reconstruction represents a highly effective strategy. However, this phase-sacrificing approach for performance improvement inevitably compromises the structural stability of the electrode. Additionally, the inherently poor hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance of bulk electrodes hinders their application as bifunctional catalysts. Building upon our previous research on FeNiMo bulk electrodes, we introduced varying amounts of Co dopants to modulate both the degree of surface reconstruction and the eutectic structure. The resulting Co10 electrode exhibited the lowest extent of surface reconstruction while simultaneously delivering optimal OER performance, indicating the existence of multiple pathways (such as electronic structure modulation) for enhancing the OER activity of FeNiMo electrodes. With increasing Co content, the electrodes demonstrated a higher proportion of eutectic phase, improved electrical conductivity, optimized electronic structure, and favorable adsorption strength, leading to remarkable enhancement in HER performance. At a current density of 10 mA cm−2, the overpotentials for OER and HER decreased from 230/229 mV to 192/186 mV, respectively. Furthermore, the electrode exhibited exceptional long-term stability, maintaining operation for over 200 h at 500 mA cm−2 for OER and over 100 h at 100 mA cm−2 for HER. When configured in a two-electrode electrolyzer, the Co10 electrode required a low cell voltage of only 1.96 V to achieve 100 mA cm−2. This work successfully balances the activity-stability relationship in FeNiMo bulk electrodes through Co doping while effectively addressing the longstanding challenge of applying bulk electrode materials in HER applications.
通过表面重构来提高体电极的析氧反应性能是一种非常有效的方法。然而，这种为了提高性能而牺牲相位的方法不可避免地损害了电极的结构稳定性。此外，本体电极本身较差的析氢反应（HER）性能阻碍了其作为双功能催化剂的应用。基于我们之前对FeNiMo体电极的研究，我们引入了不同数量的Co掺杂剂来调节表面重建的程度和共晶结构。所得Co10电极的表面重构程度最低，同时具有最佳的OER性能，表明存在多种途径（如电子结构调制）来增强FeNiMo电极的OER活性。随着Co含量的增加，电极的共晶相比例增加，电导率提高，电子结构优化，吸附强度提高，导致HER性能显著提高。当电流密度为10 mA cm−2时，OER和HER的过电位分别从230/229 mV降低到192/186 mV。此外，电极表现出优异的长期稳定性，OER在500 mA cm - 2下可维持200小时以上，HER在100 mA cm - 2下可维持100小时以上。当配置在双电极电解槽中时，Co10电极仅需1.96 V的低电池电压即可实现100 mA cm−2。这项工作通过Co掺杂成功地平衡了FeNiMo体电极的活性-稳定性关系，同时有效地解决了在HER应用中应用体电极材料的长期挑战。
{"title":"Impact of Co content on surface reconstruction and overall water splitting performance in FeNiMo bulk alloy systems","authors":"Si-Cheng Zhong , Jia Li , Zhe Cui , Guang-Run Tian , Fa-Chang Zhao , Zhong-Hong Zhou , Hong-Fei Jiao , Dan-Yang Liu , Jie-Fu Xiong , Li-Chen Wang , Jun Xiang , Fu-Fa Wu , Rong-Da Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhancing the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance of bulk electrodes through surface reconstruction represents a highly effective strategy. However, this phase-sacrificing approach for performance improvement inevitably compromises the structural stability of the electrode. Additionally, the inherently poor hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance of bulk electrodes hinders their application as bifunctional catalysts. Building upon our previous research on FeNiMo bulk electrodes, we introduced varying amounts of Co dopants to modulate both the degree of surface reconstruction and the eutectic structure. The resulting Co10 electrode exhibited the lowest extent of surface reconstruction while simultaneously delivering optimal OER performance, indicating the existence of multiple pathways (such as electronic structure modulation) for enhancing the OER activity of FeNiMo electrodes. With increasing Co content, the electrodes demonstrated a higher proportion of eutectic phase, improved electrical conductivity, optimized electronic structure, and favorable adsorption strength, leading to remarkable enhancement in HER performance. At a current density of 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>, the overpotentials for OER and HER decreased from 230/229 mV to 192/186 mV, respectively. Furthermore, the electrode exhibited exceptional long-term stability, maintaining operation for over 200 h at 500 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> for OER and over 100 h at 100 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> for HER. When configured in a two-electrode electrolyzer, the Co10 electrode required a low cell voltage of only 1.96 V to achieve 100 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>. This work successfully balances the activity-stability relationship in FeNiMo bulk electrodes through Co doping while effectively addressing the longstanding challenge of applying bulk electrode materials in HER applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 153519"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145975753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The design and development of cost-effective and highly efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts hold great significance in the study of metal-air batteries. Herein, the present study describes a facile and scalable strategy for the synthesis of a complex comprising nanorod-like MnO2-VO integrated with MWCNTs. For electrochemical performance, MnO2-VO/MWCNTs exhibit excellent oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalytic activities, demonstrating a half-wave potential (E1/2) of 0.79 V for ORR and a potential of 1.62 V at 10 mA cm−2 for OER, with a low bifunctional potential difference (ΔEOER-ORR, between the ORR half-wave potential and the OER potential at 10 mA cm−2) of 0.83 V, which are comparable to those of Pt/C and RuO2. This excellent catalytic performance can be attributed to the rational design of the MnO2-VO components and the unique interwoven network of the MnO2-VO/MWCNTs complexes. In addition, the electrocatalytic action and stability improvement mechanisms were also systematically analyzed based on microstructural characterization and electrochemical response. Finally, a zinc-air battery (ZAB) was fabricated by employing the as-synthesized MnO2-VO/MWCNTs as the cathode catalyst. The MnO2-VO/MWCNTs-based ZAB demonstrates an open-circuit voltage of 1.48 V, a power density of 71.17 mW cm−2, and superior charge-discharge cycling stability with a voltage gap of only 0.77 V after 100 cycles, which are comparable to those of the commercial Pt/C + RuO2-based ZAB (1.39 V, 74.84 mW cm−2, and 0.87 V gap). This study provides a simple, inexpensive and accessible synthetic method for the design of high-performance non-precious metal-based ORR/OER bifunctional electrocatalysts.
{"title":"MnO2-VO nanorods hybridized with multi-walled carbon nanotubes as an efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst for rechargeable Zn-air batteries","authors":"Minghua He , Tingting Zhou , Wenbing Meng , Linrui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The design and development of cost-effective and highly efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts hold great significance in the study of metal-air batteries. Herein, the present study describes a facile and scalable strategy for the synthesis of a complex comprising nanorod-like MnO<sub>2</sub>-V<sub>O</sub> integrated with MWCNTs. For electrochemical performance, MnO<sub>2</sub>-V<sub>O</sub>/MWCNTs exhibit excellent oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalytic activities, demonstrating a half-wave potential (<em>E</em><sub><em>1/2</em></sub>) of 0.79 V for ORR and a potential of 1.62 V at 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> for OER, with a low bifunctional potential difference (<em>ΔE</em><sub>OER-ORR</sub>, between the ORR half-wave potential and the OER potential at 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>) of 0.83 V, which are comparable to those of Pt/C and RuO<sub>2</sub>. This excellent catalytic performance can be attributed to the rational design of the MnO<sub>2</sub>-V<sub>O</sub> components and the unique interwoven network of the MnO<sub>2</sub>-V<sub>O</sub>/MWCNTs complexes. In addition, the electrocatalytic action and stability improvement mechanisms were also systematically analyzed based on microstructural characterization and electrochemical response. Finally, a zinc-air battery (ZAB) was fabricated by employing the as-synthesized MnO<sub>2</sub>-V<sub>O</sub>/MWCNTs as the cathode catalyst. The MnO<sub>2</sub>-V<sub>O</sub>/MWCNTs-based ZAB demonstrates an open-circuit voltage of 1.48 V, a power density of 71.17 mW cm<sup>−2</sup>, and superior charge-discharge cycling stability with a voltage gap of only 0.77 V after 100 cycles, which are comparable to those of the commercial Pt/C + RuO<sub>2</sub>-based ZAB (1.39 V, 74.84 mW cm<sup>−2</sup>, and 0.87 V gap). This study provides a simple, inexpensive and accessible synthetic method for the design of high-performance non-precious metal-based ORR/OER bifunctional electrocatalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 153484"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145975097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153364
A.O. Oni , V.S. Amar , T. Giwa , C. Font-Palma
Thermocatalytic ammonia cracking (TAC) is a promising method for hydrogen (H2) production. However, the challenges of dealing with high reactor pressures, the use of ammonia (NH3) or intermediate products as fuel, present considerable drawbacks. To address these limitations, two modified configurations were developed: a low-pressure reactor (LPR) and a high-pressure reactor (HPR), using gray NH3 as the base-case feedstock. With C-TAC producing H2 at $6.73/kg and 22.5 kgCO2-eq/kg, both LPR and HPR offer improved economic and environmental performance. LPR is the most advantageous, lowering H2 cost to $4.82/kg when N2 is co-produced and to $6.01/kg without N2 production, driven by reduced reactor cost and higher H2 yield at low pressure. HPR achieves 2.5% lower GHG emissions than LPR due to reduced compression power, but LPR remains preferable under carbon taxation. Using NH3 or intermediates as fuel leads to higher costs and reduced sustainability. Although green and blue NH3 lower life cycle GHG emissions, their high prices hinder competitiveness. Overall, operating TAC at low pressure enhances performance by lowering capital and operating costs, enabling N2 co-production, and reducing the cost of H2 while maximizing recovery.
{"title":"Modified thermocatalytic ammonia cracking process for hydrogen production","authors":"A.O. Oni , V.S. Amar , T. Giwa , C. Font-Palma","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermocatalytic ammonia cracking (TAC) is a promising method for hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) production. However, the challenges of dealing with high reactor pressures, the use of ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) or intermediate products as fuel, present considerable drawbacks. To address these limitations, two modified configurations were developed: a low-pressure reactor (LPR) and a high-pressure reactor (HPR), using gray NH<sub>3</sub> as the base-case feedstock. With C-TAC producing H<sub>2</sub> at $6.73/kg and 22.5 kgCO<sub>2</sub>-eq/kg, both LPR and HPR offer improved economic and environmental performance. LPR is the most advantageous, lowering H<sub>2</sub> cost to $4.82/kg when N<sub>2</sub> is co-produced and to $6.01/kg without N<sub>2</sub> production, driven by reduced reactor cost and higher H<sub>2</sub> yield at low pressure. HPR achieves 2.5% lower GHG emissions than LPR due to reduced compression power, but LPR remains preferable under carbon taxation. Using NH<sub>3</sub> or intermediates as fuel leads to higher costs and reduced sustainability. Although green and blue NH<sub>3</sub> lower life cycle GHG emissions, their high prices hinder competitiveness. Overall, operating TAC at low pressure enhances performance by lowering capital and operating costs, enabling N<sub>2</sub> co-production, and reducing the cost of H<sub>2</sub> while maximizing recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 153364"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145975120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Green hydrogen offers a sustainable decarbonization solution for the hard-to-abate steel manufacturing sector. Nonetheless, limited practical strategies were found for deploying green hydrogen at scale in operational steel plants. The objective of this study is to develop a system-level, techno-economic framework for the deployment of green hydrogen in the Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) process of the Italian steel industry. This study compares two green hydrogen production technologies, Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) and Alkaline Water Electrolysis (AWE), at a 5 MW scale, which is powered by an 8 MW solar photovoltaic (PV) system. Moreover, a 100 km pipeline constructed with API X80 steel was reviewed as a realistic hydrogen transport strategy due to its scalability, cost efficiency, and proven resistance to hydrogen embrittlement. Following this, an assessment of a well-suited hydrogen storage method for industrial use was conducted. Our findings revealed that while AWE offers a lower capital cost (€9.72 million), PEM is superior in terms of scalability, efficiency, and economic viability. Furthermore, PEM has a shorter payback period (9.9 years vs. 15.83) and higher annual revenue (€2.45 million). We identified compressed gas storage as the most feasible short-run solution due to its deployment readiness and technical maturity. Overall, the findings of this study favour PEM, along with pipeline transport and compressed storage system, as a viable techno-economic framework for the green steel transition. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers on several key initiatives: retrofitting existing DRI-EAF plants with green hydrogen-enabled infrastructure, relocating storage systems near steel clusters, advancing PEM innovation to enhance catalyst durability and reduce costs, and supporting carbon credit systems and green steel certification to improve market competitiveness.
{"title":"Deployment of a green hydrogen-based energy solution for the hard-to-abate steel sector","authors":"Nimra Usman , Asif Javed , Ahtisham Ullah , Rabia Iftikhar , Muhammad Omer Chaudhry","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Green hydrogen offers a sustainable decarbonization solution for the hard-to-abate steel manufacturing sector. Nonetheless, limited practical strategies were found for deploying green hydrogen at scale in operational steel plants. The objective of this study is to develop a system-level, techno-economic framework for the deployment of green hydrogen in the Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) process of the Italian steel industry. This study compares two green hydrogen production technologies, Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) and Alkaline Water Electrolysis (AWE), at a 5 MW scale, which is powered by an 8 MW solar photovoltaic (PV) system. Moreover, a 100 km pipeline constructed with API X80 steel was reviewed as a realistic hydrogen transport strategy due to its scalability, cost efficiency, and proven resistance to hydrogen embrittlement. Following this, an assessment of a well-suited hydrogen storage method for industrial use was conducted. Our findings revealed that while AWE offers a lower capital cost (€9.72 million), PEM is superior in terms of scalability, efficiency, and economic viability. Furthermore, PEM has a shorter payback period (9.9 years vs. 15.83) and higher annual revenue (€2.45 million). We identified compressed gas storage as the most feasible short-run solution due to its deployment readiness and technical maturity. Overall, the findings of this study favour PEM, along with pipeline transport and compressed storage system, as a viable techno-economic framework for the green steel transition. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers on several key initiatives: retrofitting existing DRI-EAF plants with green hydrogen-enabled infrastructure, relocating storage systems near steel clusters, advancing PEM innovation to enhance catalyst durability and reduce costs, and supporting carbon credit systems and green steel certification to improve market competitiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 153540"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145975751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153546
Mohammed Zighed , Boualleg Salim Mekki , Badreddine Boutaghriout , Hanna Ferkous , Yacine Benguerba
As an energy carrier, hydrogen (H2) is essential for the energy transition, contributing to sustainability and compliance with greenhouse gas mitigation commitments. Many prospects and scenarios introduce green hydrogen as a revolutionary clean energy source that will shape the energy landscape by 2050. The growing demand for new energy sources, especially those with low or neutral carbon footprints, and the limitations imposed by climate change are the main drivers of this movement. However, few studies provide a comprehensive view of green hydrogen, including its technical aspects in a regional or national context. This work provides an in-depth analysis of Algeria's potential to emerge as a pioneer in green hydrogen production. It reviews recent advances in green hydrogen, technologies, with particular emphasis on water electrolysis methods, and assesses both the opportunities and challenges associated with scaling up green hydrogen production Algeria. In addition, the study identifies key parameters that must be optimized to improve the technical and economic feasibility of large-scale projects and to reduce the Levelized Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH). The analysis indicates that Algeria could achieve one of the lowest hydrogen production costs potentially as low as USD 1.5 USD/kg by 2050, according to expert projections owing to its abundant renewable energy, available water resources, and strong experience in hydrogen downstream applications, particularly Power-to-X technologies). Additionally, Algeria's extensive experience in gas pipeline transportation, along with the SoutH2 Corridor project, bolsters its reputation as a reliable energy provider. This analysis suggests that Algeria's optimal strategy is to export valorized hydrogen in its transformed forms, such as ammonia and e-fuels, owing to the significant added value and profitability linked to these products.
{"title":"Algerian green hydrogen production: A review of potential, main challenges and valorization routes","authors":"Mohammed Zighed , Boualleg Salim Mekki , Badreddine Boutaghriout , Hanna Ferkous , Yacine Benguerba","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153546","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As an energy carrier, hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) is essential for the energy transition, contributing to sustainability and compliance with greenhouse gas mitigation commitments. Many prospects and scenarios introduce green hydrogen as a revolutionary clean energy source that will shape the energy landscape by 2050. The growing demand for new energy sources, especially those with low or neutral carbon footprints, and the limitations imposed by climate change are the main drivers of this movement. However, few studies provide a comprehensive view of green hydrogen, including its technical aspects in a regional or national context. This work provides an in-depth analysis of Algeria's potential to emerge as a pioneer in green hydrogen production. It reviews recent advances in green hydrogen, technologies, with particular emphasis on water electrolysis methods, and assesses both the opportunities and challenges associated with scaling up green hydrogen production Algeria. In addition, the study identifies key parameters that must be optimized to improve the technical and economic feasibility of large-scale projects and to reduce the Levelized Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH). The analysis indicates that Algeria could achieve one of the lowest hydrogen production costs potentially as low as USD 1.5 USD/kg by 2050, according to expert projections owing to its abundant renewable energy, available water resources, and strong experience in hydrogen downstream applications, particularly Power-to-X technologies). Additionally, Algeria's extensive experience in gas pipeline transportation, along with the SoutH2 Corridor project, bolsters its reputation as a reliable energy provider. This analysis suggests that Algeria's optimal strategy is to export valorized hydrogen in its transformed forms, such as ammonia and e-fuels, owing to the significant added value and profitability linked to these products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 153546"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145975740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153503
Chen Liu, Wenxuan Mao, Quan Wang
This study proposes a deep eutectic solvent (DES)-modified sol–gel (DMSG) strategy for synthesizing metal-doped TiO2 photocatalysts with dual control over their morphology and structure. Using a ternary DES system (choline chloride–acetic acid–ethanol), which functions as a solvent, template, and dopant dispersant, the proposed DMSG approach reduced the crystallite size, enhanced the surface area, and improved porosity and uniform metal dispersion. Compared with the conventional sol–gel-derived samples, the DMSG-derived Cu- and Co-doped TiO2 samples exhibited significantly improved photoelectrochemical properties, including higher photocurrent density, lower charge transfer resistance, and superior light absorption. The D-1.0Cu and D-1.0Co samples achieved hydrogen evolution rates up to 2.3 and 5.6 times higher than their sol–gel counterparts, respectively. This green and synthetically simple method provides a promising platform for the development of high-performance photocatalysts and can be extended to the synthesis of other functional materials using the sol–gel approach.
{"title":"Deep eutectic solvent modified sol-gel strategy for morphology and structure tuning: Metal doped TiO2 as a demonstration for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution","authors":"Chen Liu, Wenxuan Mao, Quan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153503","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153503","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a deep eutectic solvent (DES)-modified sol–gel (DMSG) strategy for synthesizing metal-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> photocatalysts with dual control over their morphology and structure. Using a ternary DES system (choline chloride–acetic acid–ethanol), which functions as a solvent, template, and dopant dispersant, the proposed DMSG approach reduced the crystallite size, enhanced the surface area, and improved porosity and uniform metal dispersion. Compared with the conventional sol–gel-derived samples, the DMSG-derived Cu- and Co-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> samples exhibited significantly improved photoelectrochemical properties, including higher photocurrent density, lower charge transfer resistance, and superior light absorption. The D-1.0Cu and D-1.0Co samples achieved hydrogen evolution rates up to 2.3 and 5.6 times higher than their sol–gel counterparts, respectively. This green and synthetically simple method provides a promising platform for the development of high-performance photocatalysts and can be extended to the synthesis of other functional materials using the sol–gel approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 153503"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145975752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153424
Wanchen Sun , Xiaoyu Ma , Mengqi Jiang , Hao Zhang , Liang Guo , Degang Li , Dawei Qu , Miao Yang , Xiaonan Wang , Yanan Guo
Nanoparticle-catalyzed ammonia combustion represents a promising strategy to improve the combustion efficiency of ammonia-fueled engines. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying the influence of catalyst type and concentration on ammonia combustion remain incompletely understood. This study systematically investigated four nanoparticle catalysts—CeO2, α-Fe2O3, Ag, and Ni—to elucidate their effects on ammonia composite combustion processes. Results demonstrate that metal oxide catalysts utilizing oxygen vacancies significantly enhance ammonia combustion compared to metallic catalysts relying on metal active sites. Specifically, the addition of metal oxide catalysts increases peak cylinder pressure and heat release rate, advances ignition point and heat release center, and substantially reduces ignition delay. The overall performance follows the order: CeO2 > α-Fe2O3 > Ni > Ag. Notably, Ni catalysts maintain high thermal efficiency (up to 5.1 %) across wide ammonia ratios while exhibiting low combustion cycle variability. CeO2 proves most effective under medium-to-low ammonia concentrations, enhancing indicated thermal efficiency by up to 5.3 %. In contrast, α-Fe2O3 and Ag show limited improvements in thermal efficiency with poor combustion stability. Regarding emissions, Ni most effectively reduces unburned ammonia while preferentially catalyzing NH3 oxidation to NO. CeO2 promotes both NO and N2O formation, whereas Ag tends to over-oxidize NH3 to N2O. α-Fe2O3 shows minimal impact on NOX formation due to its inherent selectivity. Catalyst concentration optimization reveals that medium nanoparticle concentration (approximately 200 ppm) is suitable for low ammonia ratios, while higher concentrations are required at medium-to-high ammonia ratios to achieve an optimal balance between efficiency, stability, and emissions.
纳米颗粒催化氨燃烧是提高氨燃料发动机燃烧效率的一种很有前途的方法。然而，催化剂类型和浓度对氨燃烧的影响机制仍不完全清楚。本研究系统地研究了四种纳米颗粒催化剂——ceo2、α-Fe2O3、Ag和ni，以阐明它们对氨复合燃烧过程的影响。结果表明，利用氧空位的金属氧化物催化剂与依赖金属活性位的金属催化剂相比，能显著促进氨燃烧。具体而言，金属氧化物催化剂的加入提高了汽缸峰值压力和放热速率，推进了燃点和放热中心，大大降低了点火延迟。总体性能为：CeO2 >； α-Fe2O3 > Ni > Ag。值得注意的是，Ni催化剂在宽氨比下保持高热效率（高达5.1%），同时表现出低燃烧循环可变性。CeO2在中低氨浓度下最有效，可将指示热效率提高5.3%。相比之下，α-Fe2O3和Ag的热效率提高有限，燃烧稳定性差。在排放方面，Ni最有效地减少了未燃烧的氨，同时优先催化NH3氧化为NO。CeO2促进NO和N2O的生成，而Ag则倾向于将NH3过度氧化为N2O。α-Fe2O3由于其固有的选择性，对NOX形成的影响很小。催化剂浓度优化表明，中等纳米颗粒浓度（约200 ppm）适用于低氨比，而中高氨比则需要更高的浓度，以实现效率、稳定性和排放之间的最佳平衡。
{"title":"Effects of component and concentration of nanoparticle catalysts on combustion and emissions in ammonia/diesel dual-fuel engines","authors":"Wanchen Sun , Xiaoyu Ma , Mengqi Jiang , Hao Zhang , Liang Guo , Degang Li , Dawei Qu , Miao Yang , Xiaonan Wang , Yanan Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanoparticle-catalyzed ammonia combustion represents a promising strategy to improve the combustion efficiency of ammonia-fueled engines. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying the influence of catalyst type and concentration on ammonia combustion remain incompletely understood. This study systematically investigated four nanoparticle catalysts—CeO<sub>2</sub>, α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Ag, and Ni—to elucidate their effects on ammonia composite combustion processes. Results demonstrate that metal oxide catalysts utilizing oxygen vacancies significantly enhance ammonia combustion compared to metallic catalysts relying on metal active sites. Specifically, the addition of metal oxide catalysts increases peak cylinder pressure and heat release rate, advances ignition point and heat release center, and substantially reduces ignition delay. The overall performance follows the order: CeO<sub>2</sub> > α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> > Ni > Ag. Notably, Ni catalysts maintain high thermal efficiency (up to 5.1 %) across wide ammonia ratios while exhibiting low combustion cycle variability. CeO<sub>2</sub> proves most effective under medium-to-low ammonia concentrations, enhancing indicated thermal efficiency by up to 5.3 %. In contrast, α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Ag show limited improvements in thermal efficiency with poor combustion stability. Regarding emissions, Ni most effectively reduces unburned ammonia while preferentially catalyzing NH<sub>3</sub> oxidation to NO. CeO<sub>2</sub> promotes both NO and N<sub>2</sub>O formation, whereas Ag tends to over-oxidize NH<sub>3</sub> to N<sub>2</sub>O. α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> shows minimal impact on NO<sub>X</sub> formation due to its inherent selectivity. Catalyst concentration optimization reveals that medium nanoparticle concentration (approximately 200 ppm) is suitable for low ammonia ratios, while higher concentrations are required at medium-to-high ammonia ratios to achieve an optimal balance between efficiency, stability, and emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 153424"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145975118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153497
Zhuo Chen, Bing Li, Xingbang Wan, Zhenyu Zhu, Yuchun He
To achieve carbon neutrality, industries are facing increasingly stringent CO2 emission control measures. As a major emitter of CO2, the ironmaking industry urgently requires alternative clean reductants to replace the traditional coke reduction process. As a clean reductant, hydrogen could significantly contribute to environmental protection and carbon neutrality if it replaces coke in the ironmaking industry. This study proposed a novel method to obtain the kinetic parameters of hematite reduction by hydrogen, based on high-temperature tube furnace experiments. By using two-phase gas–particle coupled model, numerical simulations were employed to improve the accuracy of residence time estimation for particles in the experimental tubular reactor. The proposed approach reduced the relative error from 23.8 % to less than 10 %, thereby enhancing the reliability of the experimental data. Based on the refined method, the corrected activation energy for the Fe2O3–H2 reaction was calculated to be E = 153 kJ/mol, with the pre-exponential factor of 7.15 × 105.These findings offer valuable insights for updating kinetic databases related to hydrogen-based hematite reduction and for establishing accurate process parameters. Furthermore, the integrated approach combining numerical simulation with experimental validation provides a robust framework for future high-temperature kinetic investigations.
{"title":"A novel strategy for investigating the kinetics of hydrogen reduction of hematite concentrate particles","authors":"Zhuo Chen, Bing Li, Xingbang Wan, Zhenyu Zhu, Yuchun He","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153497","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To achieve carbon neutrality, industries are facing increasingly stringent CO<sub>2</sub> emission control measures. As a major emitter of CO<sub>2</sub>, the ironmaking industry urgently requires alternative clean reductants to replace the traditional coke reduction process. As a clean reductant, hydrogen could significantly contribute to environmental protection and carbon neutrality if it replaces coke in the ironmaking industry. This study proposed a novel method to obtain the kinetic parameters of hematite reduction by hydrogen, based on high-temperature tube furnace experiments. By using two-phase gas–particle coupled model, numerical simulations were employed to improve the accuracy of residence time estimation for particles in the experimental tubular reactor. The proposed approach reduced the relative error from 23.8 % to less than 10 %, thereby enhancing the reliability of the experimental data. Based on the refined method, the corrected activation energy for the Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–H<sub>2</sub> reaction was calculated to be E = 153 kJ/mol, with the pre-exponential factor of 7.15 × 10<sup>5</sup>.These findings offer valuable insights for updating kinetic databases related to hydrogen-based hematite reduction and for establishing accurate process parameters. Furthermore, the integrated approach combining numerical simulation with experimental validation provides a robust framework for future high-temperature kinetic investigations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 153497"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145975745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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