Pub Date : 2025-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.338
Zhi-Hui Pu , Shuo-En Yu , Cheng-Che Hsu , I-Chih Ni , Chih-I Wu , Nitika Devi , Chang-Xin Liu , Yong-Song Chen , I-Chun Cheng , Jian-Zhang Chen
A NiCo metal organic framework (MOF) was solvothermally synthesized on carbon paper (CP) (NiCo-MOF/CP) as a catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The NiCo-MOF/CP catalyst modified using ultrafast atmospheric-pressure plasma jet (APPJ) treatment improved the OER performance. Through APPJ treatment for 60 s, high-valence oxidation states (Ni3+, Co3+) and oxygen vacancies can be introduced on the surface of the electrocatalyst while maintaining the MOF structure. NiCo-MOF/CP electrocatalysts treated for 60 s exhibited the best OER activity, with the overpotential decreasing from 843 mV to 680 mV at a current density of 100 mA/cm2. The double-layer capacitance (2Cdl) value increased from 9.55 mF/cm2 to 45.77 mF/cm2, indicating that the APPJ treatment significantly increased the active surface area. Testing the electrocatalyst as an anode (OER) electrode in anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) at 25 °C, plasma treatment increased the energy efficiency from 77.14% to 80.69% at a current density of 100 mA/cm2. At 70 °C and a current density of 500 mA/cm2, the specific energy consumption reached 4.37 kWh/m3, and the cell voltage dropped to 1.71 V, demonstrating excellent low voltage performance. The durability test results show that after plasma treatment, the degradation rate decreased from 718.3 μV/h to −118.3 μV/h. These results indicate that APPJ treatment can improve the performance of OER electrocatalysts in AEMWE.
{"title":"Improved oxygen evolution reaction performance of NiCo-metal organic framework/carbon paper catalysts in anion exchange membrane water electrolysis via ultrafast atmospheric-pressure plasma jet processing","authors":"Zhi-Hui Pu , Shuo-En Yu , Cheng-Che Hsu , I-Chih Ni , Chih-I Wu , Nitika Devi , Chang-Xin Liu , Yong-Song Chen , I-Chun Cheng , Jian-Zhang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A NiCo metal organic framework (MOF) was solvothermally synthesized on carbon paper (CP) (NiCo-MOF/CP) as a catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The NiCo-MOF/CP catalyst modified using ultrafast atmospheric-pressure plasma jet (APPJ) treatment improved the OER performance. Through APPJ treatment for 60 s, high-valence oxidation states (Ni<sup>3+</sup>, Co<sup>3+</sup>) and oxygen vacancies can be introduced on the surface of the electrocatalyst while maintaining the MOF structure. NiCo-MOF/CP electrocatalysts treated for 60 s exhibited the best OER activity, with the overpotential decreasing from 843 mV to 680 mV at a current density of 100 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>. The double-layer capacitance (2C<sub>dl</sub>) value increased from 9.55 mF/cm<sup>2</sup> to 45.77 mF/cm<sup>2</sup>, indicating that the APPJ treatment significantly increased the active surface area. Testing the electrocatalyst as an anode (OER) electrode in anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) at 25 °C, plasma treatment increased the energy efficiency from 77.14% to 80.69% at a current density of 100 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>. At 70 °C and a current density of 500 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, the specific energy consumption reached 4.37 kWh/m<sup>3</sup>, and the cell voltage dropped to 1.71 V, demonstrating excellent low voltage performance. The durability test results show that after plasma treatment, the degradation rate decreased from 718.3 μV/h to −118.3 μV/h. These results indicate that APPJ treatment can improve the performance of OER electrocatalysts in AEMWE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"113 ","pages":"Pages 429-440"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.478
Beibei Qi , Minggao Yu , Xiaoping Wen , Shan Feng
Syngas, a low-carbon, clean, and hydrogen-rich fuel, is gaining increasing attention and plays a critical part in global energy transition. However, the potential explosion risk limits its applications. Therefore, investigating methods to suppress explosion flame propagation is crucial for ensuring the safe utilization of syngas. This study investigated the flame propagation characteristics of syngas/air mixtures explosion in a semi-open duct containing copper (Cu) foam. The study focused on the coupling effect of five Cu foams with different pores per inch (PPI) and hydrogen volume fraction. Experimental results indicated that the flame propagation process in a semi-open duct containing the Cu foam exhibited two typical phenomena. The Cu foam with appropriate parameters successfully quenched syngas/air mixtures explosion flame. The Cu foam had a small effect on the upstream flame propagation kinetic characterization. When PPI ≥ 30, the flame propagation velocity was suppressed. When PPI < 30, the presence of Cu foam promoted the flame propagation. When PPI < 30, the overpressure increased compared with the case without the Cu foam, while the results were the opposite when PPI ≥ 30. The maximum overpressure and flame velocity were obtained when PPI = 20. Moreover, the study analyzed the retardant mechanism of Cu foam against the syngas/air mixtures explosion flame. These findings may provide valuable insights for the design of flame arrestors and improving the safety in the utilization of hydrocarbon fuels.
{"title":"Experimental study of the syngas/air mixtures explosion characteristics in a semi-open duct containing copper foam","authors":"Beibei Qi , Minggao Yu , Xiaoping Wen , Shan Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Syngas, a low-carbon, clean, and hydrogen-rich fuel, is gaining increasing attention and plays a critical part in global energy transition. However, the potential explosion risk limits its applications. Therefore, investigating methods to suppress explosion flame propagation is crucial for ensuring the safe utilization of syngas. This study investigated the flame propagation characteristics of syngas/air mixtures explosion in a semi-open duct containing copper (Cu) foam. The study focused on the coupling effect of five Cu foams with different pores per inch (PPI) and hydrogen volume fraction. Experimental results indicated that the flame propagation process in a semi-open duct containing the Cu foam exhibited two typical phenomena. The Cu foam with appropriate parameters successfully quenched syngas/air mixtures explosion flame. The Cu foam had a small effect on the upstream flame propagation kinetic characterization. When PPI ≥ 30, the flame propagation velocity was suppressed. When PPI < 30, the presence of Cu foam promoted the flame propagation. When PPI < 30, the overpressure increased compared with the case without the Cu foam, while the results were the opposite when PPI ≥ 30. The maximum overpressure and flame velocity were obtained when PPI = 20. Moreover, the study analyzed the retardant mechanism of Cu foam against the syngas/air mixtures explosion flame. These findings may provide valuable insights for the design of flame arrestors and improving the safety in the utilization of hydrocarbon fuels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"113 ","pages":"Pages 466-477"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.468
Yi Liu , Tiejun Zhao , Honghao Yan , Zhongyu Yang , Wenfeng Du , Zhengfang Dong , Xinfei Yuan , Linjie Tian
Hydrogen-oxygen mixture gas is a green explosive source, which is commonly used in the preparation of nanomaterials by gaseous detonation method. However, the growth mechanism of nanomaterials restricts the application of hydrogen-oxygen detonation controlled preparing nanomaterials. Detonation interception is an effective method to study the growth mechanism of nanomaterials. In order to study the influence of screen mesh interception device on the detonation wave propagation and nanoparticles interception efficiency, the variation characteristics of detonation velocity, velocity loss ratio (VLR), and re-ignition distance for 15 different screen mesh styles were analyzed by numerical simulation method. The results show that the wire diameter and pore size of the screen mesh would alter the blockage ratio (BR) and significantly affect the characteristics of the hydrogen-oxygen explosion. Under the same wire diameter, the VLR of detonation wave decreases with the increase of the BR. The blockage-loss ratio (B-L = BR/VLR) was proposed as an indicator for optimizing the screen mesh interception devices. For a given BR, a higher B-L corresponds to a lesser effect on the propagation of explosion waves. When the wire diameter is 1 mm, the B-L initially decreases first and then increases as the BR increases; when the wire diameter is 2 mm and 3 mm, the B-L increases first and then decreases with increasing BR. The influence of screen mesh style on the B-L is obvious: the smaller wire diameters are preferred for lower BRs, while the larger wire diameters are necessary for higher BRs. With the increase of BR, the re-ignition distance usually shows a fluctuating change of first decreasing, then increasing and then decreasing. The optimal BR for mesh interception devices is between 40% and 48%, and the recommended designs include a mesh with a 2 mm wire diameter and a pore size of 2 mm or a 3 mm wire diameter and a pore size of 3 mm.
{"title":"The influence of screen mesh interception device on hydrogen-oxygen explosion in closed detonation tube","authors":"Yi Liu , Tiejun Zhao , Honghao Yan , Zhongyu Yang , Wenfeng Du , Zhengfang Dong , Xinfei Yuan , Linjie Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen-oxygen mixture gas is a green explosive source, which is commonly used in the preparation of nanomaterials by gaseous detonation method. However, the growth mechanism of nanomaterials restricts the application of hydrogen-oxygen detonation controlled preparing nanomaterials. Detonation interception is an effective method to study the growth mechanism of nanomaterials. In order to study the influence of screen mesh interception device on the detonation wave propagation and nanoparticles interception efficiency, the variation characteristics of detonation velocity, velocity loss ratio (VLR), and re-ignition distance for 15 different screen mesh styles were analyzed by numerical simulation method. The results show that the wire diameter and pore size of the screen mesh would alter the blockage ratio (BR) and significantly affect the characteristics of the hydrogen-oxygen explosion. Under the same wire diameter, the VLR of detonation wave decreases with the increase of the BR. The blockage-loss ratio (B-L = BR/VLR) was proposed as an indicator for optimizing the screen mesh interception devices. For a given BR, a higher B-L corresponds to a lesser effect on the propagation of explosion waves. When the wire diameter is 1 mm, the B-L initially decreases first and then increases as the BR increases; when the wire diameter is 2 mm and 3 mm, the B-L increases first and then decreases with increasing BR. The influence of screen mesh style on the B-L is obvious: the smaller wire diameters are preferred for lower BRs, while the larger wire diameters are necessary for higher BRs. With the increase of BR, the re-ignition distance usually shows a fluctuating change of first decreasing, then increasing and then decreasing. The optimal BR for mesh interception devices is between 40% and 48%, and the recommended designs include a mesh with a 2 mm wire diameter and a pore size of 2 mm or a 3 mm wire diameter and a pore size of 3 mm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"113 ","pages":"Pages 376-384"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.307
Qianyu Ren , Jiangshuai Wang , Pan Fu , Bei Wang
Due to its low cost, environmental friendliness, and non-polluting nature, nitrogen is now widely used as an anti-dissolution agent in salt cavern hydrogen storage. However, there is currently a significant deviation between the calculated nitrogen injection amount and the actual value. This leads to the need for more nitrogen supplementation to stabilize the fluctuations of the gas-liquid interface, thus increasing the additional cost of nitrogen use. To address this issue, based on the physical model of nitrogen anti-dissolution, combined with gas-liquid interface control methods, solubility calculation methods, U-tube theory, and wellbore flow friction calculation equations, this paper establishes a prediction model for the nitrogen injection amount and injection pressure throughout all stages of nitrogen anti-dissolution in salt cavern hydrogen storage for both forward and reverse circulation conditions. The model is verified by comparing with the actual data of two wells in Henan region and the simulated data of two wells in a certain place. Furthermore, the impacts of the maximum and minimum air-cushion thicknesses, wellhead temperature, brine concentration, and technical casing size on the nitrogen injection amount and injection pressure are explored. The results show that: ① Compared with existing simulation software, the model in this paper fully considers the calculation methods of nitrogen in each stage. The finally calculated nitrogen injection volume and nitrogen injection pressure are quite consistent with the actual on-site measurement data, with an accuracy rate exceeding 90%, and they are also relatively consistent with the results of the simulation software. ② The maximum and minimum air-cushion thicknesses should be designed according to the magnitude of gas-liquid interface fluctuations. By reasonably setting the values of the maximum and minimum air-cushion thicknesses, the nitrogen usage can be effectively reduced. ③ The wellhead temperature, brine concentration, and technical casing size are all positively correlated with the nitrogen injection amount. The wellhead temperature and brine concentration are positively correlated with the nitrogen injection pressure, while the impact of the technical casing size on the nitrogen injection pressure is negligible. The research results of this paper can provide a theoretical basis for calculating the nitrogen injection amount and injection pressure throughout all stages of nitrogen anti-dissolution in salt cavern hydrogen storage, and the nitrogen injection amount and injection pressure can be adjusted according to local temperature, working conditions, brine concentration, and other related factors.
{"title":"Salt cavern hydrogen storage nitrogen blocking dissolution full-stage nitrogen injection volume and injection pressure prediction model and influencing factors analysis","authors":"Qianyu Ren , Jiangshuai Wang , Pan Fu , Bei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to its low cost, environmental friendliness, and non-polluting nature, nitrogen is now widely used as an anti-dissolution agent in salt cavern hydrogen storage. However, there is currently a significant deviation between the calculated nitrogen injection amount and the actual value. This leads to the need for more nitrogen supplementation to stabilize the fluctuations of the gas-liquid interface, thus increasing the additional cost of nitrogen use. To address this issue, based on the physical model of nitrogen anti-dissolution, combined with gas-liquid interface control methods, solubility calculation methods, U-tube theory, and wellbore flow friction calculation equations, this paper establishes a prediction model for the nitrogen injection amount and injection pressure throughout all stages of nitrogen anti-dissolution in salt cavern hydrogen storage for both forward and reverse circulation conditions. The model is verified by comparing with the actual data of two wells in Henan region and the simulated data of two wells in a certain place. Furthermore, the impacts of the maximum and minimum air-cushion thicknesses, wellhead temperature, brine concentration, and technical casing size on the nitrogen injection amount and injection pressure are explored. The results show that: ① Compared with existing simulation software, the model in this paper fully considers the calculation methods of nitrogen in each stage. The finally calculated nitrogen injection volume and nitrogen injection pressure are quite consistent with the actual on-site measurement data, with an accuracy rate exceeding 90%, and they are also relatively consistent with the results of the simulation software. ② The maximum and minimum air-cushion thicknesses should be designed according to the magnitude of gas-liquid interface fluctuations. By reasonably setting the values of the maximum and minimum air-cushion thicknesses, the nitrogen usage can be effectively reduced. ③ The wellhead temperature, brine concentration, and technical casing size are all positively correlated with the nitrogen injection amount. The wellhead temperature and brine concentration are positively correlated with the nitrogen injection pressure, while the impact of the technical casing size on the nitrogen injection pressure is negligible. The research results of this paper can provide a theoretical basis for calculating the nitrogen injection amount and injection pressure throughout all stages of nitrogen anti-dissolution in salt cavern hydrogen storage, and the nitrogen injection amount and injection pressure can be adjusted according to local temperature, working conditions, brine concentration, and other related factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"113 ","pages":"Pages 495-508"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.473
Shuang Zhen , Haoyu Yue , Qiansu Ma, Wenjing Guo, Pu Wang, Lin Zhang, Zhongnan Guo, Wenxia Yuan
Considering its high intrinsic conductivity, the construction of a selenide heterostructure offers significant advantages for developing noble metal-free, pH-universal catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, a novel selenide heterostructure, ReSe2/NiSe, was synthesized via a hydrothermal route. The ReSe2/NiSe heterostructure exhibits excellent HER performance in a wide pH range, with low overpotentials of 101, 111 and 154 mV to reach the current density of 10 mA cm−2 in acidic, alkaline and neutral conditions, respectively. At high current density (100 mA cm−2), the activity of ReSe2/NiSe in acid and alkali even surpasses that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst. This high performance is partially attributed to the micro-rod array configuration of ReSe2/NiSe, which facilitates the release of hydrogen bubbles during the HER process, thus accelerating the reaction kinetics. Our calculations suggest that the hydrogen adsorption thermodynamics is also optimized in the ReSe2/NiSe heterostructure. Furthermore, a two-electrode cell for overall water splitting was assembled using ReSe2/NiSe as the cathode, demonstrating competitive performance compared to commercial electrodes in alkaline environment. Our work highlights the potential of selenide heterostructure in advancing efficient catalyst for different pH conditions, contributing to the development of low-cost HER electrocatalyst for practical applications.
{"title":"Selenide heterostructure ReSe2/NiSe as a pH-universal catalyst for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction","authors":"Shuang Zhen , Haoyu Yue , Qiansu Ma, Wenjing Guo, Pu Wang, Lin Zhang, Zhongnan Guo, Wenxia Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.473","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.473","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Considering its high intrinsic conductivity, the construction of a selenide heterostructure offers significant advantages for developing noble metal-free, pH-universal catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, a novel selenide heterostructure, ReSe<sub>2</sub>/NiSe, was synthesized via a hydrothermal route. The ReSe<sub>2</sub>/NiSe heterostructure exhibits excellent HER performance in a wide pH range, with low overpotentials of 101, 111 and 154 mV to reach the current density of 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> in acidic, alkaline and neutral conditions, respectively. At high current density (100 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>), the activity of ReSe<sub>2</sub>/NiSe in acid and alkali even surpasses that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst. This high performance is partially attributed to the micro-rod array configuration of ReSe<sub>2</sub>/NiSe, which facilitates the release of hydrogen bubbles during the HER process, thus accelerating the reaction kinetics. Our calculations suggest that the hydrogen adsorption thermodynamics is also optimized in the ReSe<sub>2</sub>/NiSe heterostructure. Furthermore, a two-electrode cell for overall water splitting was assembled using ReSe<sub>2</sub>/NiSe as the cathode, demonstrating competitive performance compared to commercial electrodes in alkaline environment. Our work highlights the potential of selenide heterostructure in advancing efficient catalyst for different pH conditions, contributing to the development of low-cost HER electrocatalyst for practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"113 ","pages":"Pages 312-321"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.394
Ammar Bin Yousaf , Anton Popelka , Andrey L. Rogach , Peter Kasak
The design of a catalyst plays a significant role in developing high-performance renewable energy materials. Among these, the catalyst engineering for the electrochemical oxidation of fuels at the anode of the fuel cells has drawn focus due to their broad impact on modern research. To this end, major challenges have been considered, including enhanced performance, a durable nature, and the low economic cost of the electrocatalyst material. Handling the mentioned goals, cubic-shaped copper (I) oxide (Cu2O) as catalyst support for the fabrication of low-content PtIr binary alloys has been used to synthesize a catalyst. Among the brief library of the synthesized catalysts series, Pt2Ir1/Cu2O NC has exhibited enhanced oxidation of methanol in a half-cell testing system with high current density (1443 mA/mgPt) and low onset oxidation potential (∼0.45 V vs RHE), thus outperforming commercial Pt/C and PtRu/C electrocatalysts. Additionally, this electrocatalyst exhibited a superior performance in ethanol oxidation reaction with high current density (2190 mA/mgPt), which also exceeded the respective value of the commercial Pt/C (657 mA/mgPt) and other catalysts investigated in this study. The exceptional performance is mainly ascribed to the structural and electronic effects joining strong metal-to-support interactions among the catalyst material, which are also successfully confirmed from materials characterizations.
{"title":"Copper (I) oxide nanocubes loaded with a low-content binary PtIr alloy enable enhanced methanol/ ethanol oxidation","authors":"Ammar Bin Yousaf , Anton Popelka , Andrey L. Rogach , Peter Kasak","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The design of a catalyst plays a significant role in developing high-performance renewable energy materials. Among these, the catalyst engineering for the electrochemical oxidation of fuels at the anode of the fuel cells has drawn focus due to their broad impact on modern research. To this end, major challenges have been considered, including enhanced performance, a durable nature, and the low economic cost of the electrocatalyst material. Handling the mentioned goals, cubic-shaped copper (I) oxide (Cu<sub>2</sub>O) as catalyst support for the fabrication of low-content PtIr binary alloys has been used to synthesize a catalyst. Among the brief library of the synthesized catalysts series, Pt<sub>2</sub>Ir<sub>1</sub>/Cu<sub>2</sub>O NC has exhibited enhanced oxidation of methanol in a half-cell testing system with high current density (1443 mA/mg<sub>Pt</sub>) and low onset oxidation potential (∼0.45 V vs RHE), thus outperforming commercial Pt/C and PtRu/C electrocatalysts. Additionally, this electrocatalyst exhibited a superior performance in ethanol oxidation reaction with high current density (2190 mA/mg<sub>Pt</sub>), which also exceeded the respective value of the commercial Pt/C (657 mA/mg<sub>Pt</sub>) and other catalysts investigated in this study. The exceptional performance is mainly ascribed to the structural and electronic effects joining strong metal-to-support interactions among the catalyst material, which are also successfully confirmed from materials characterizations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"113 ","pages":"Pages 441-450"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.375
A.P. Voyt , A.P. Baraban , D.I. Elets , I.E. Gabis , M.A. Murzinova , N.I. Sidorov
Vanadium is a promising base for the manufacture of highly permeable hydrogen diffusion filters. In this study, the multi-component alloy V-15 (Cr–Co–Fe–Ni) was investigated and compared with the previously investigated alloy V–15Ni. The V-15 (Cr–Co–Fe–Ni) alloy showed acceptable hydrogen solubility comparable to that of the V–15Ni alloy. Hydrogen solubility parameters were determined in the temperature range 100–600 °C and pressure 0.1–1000 Torr.
The microstructure of the alloy has a dendritic type. The vanadium content varies from 74 to 90 at.%. Nickel forms the largest microsegregations. The most uniformly distributed element is chromium, which dissolves indefinitely in vanadium.
Microcracks were detected in the sample after 92 cycles of hydrogen saturation. They mainly passed through areas of higher vanadium concentration and therefore with the highest equilibrium solubility of hydrogen. We believe that the cause of the cracks is local variations in the concentration of dissolved hydrogen resulting in mechanical stress.
{"title":"Multicomponent alloy V-15(Fe–Co–Cr–Ni) for hydrogen filters: Solubility and structure","authors":"A.P. Voyt , A.P. Baraban , D.I. Elets , I.E. Gabis , M.A. Murzinova , N.I. Sidorov","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vanadium is a promising base for the manufacture of highly permeable hydrogen diffusion filters. In this study, the multi-component alloy V-15 (Cr–Co–Fe–Ni) was investigated and compared with the previously investigated alloy V–15Ni. The V-15 (Cr–Co–Fe–Ni) alloy showed acceptable hydrogen solubility comparable to that of the V–15Ni alloy. Hydrogen solubility parameters were determined in the temperature range 100–600 °C and pressure 0.1–1000 Torr.</div><div>The microstructure of the alloy has a dendritic type. The vanadium content varies from 74 to 90 at.%. Nickel forms the largest microsegregations. The most uniformly distributed element is chromium, which dissolves indefinitely in vanadium.</div><div>Microcracks were detected in the sample after 92 cycles of hydrogen saturation. They mainly passed through areas of higher vanadium concentration and therefore with the highest equilibrium solubility of hydrogen. We believe that the cause of the cracks is local variations in the concentration of dissolved hydrogen resulting in mechanical stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"113 ","pages":"Pages 348-354"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.03.003
Søren A. Tornøe , John W. Koster , Andy V. Surin , Jacob H. Sands , Nobuhiko P. Kobayashi
Seawater electrolysis preferentially leans towards Chlorine Evolution Reaction (CER) over Oxygen Evolution Reactions (OER) under conventional conditions, but OER becomes more dominant at sufficiently higher current densities. In this study, we evaluated the effector of cylindrical and conical electrode geometries on CER and hydrogen production at high current density (i.e., >1 A cm−2). We found the point of lowest CER within a voltage range of 40 V–90 V. Conical electrodes, optimized to reduce CER, produced a magnitude less chloride (502 ppb) than cylindrical electrodes (1485 ppb) at nearly double the current density (∼12 and ∼6 A cm−2 respectively). However, this reduction in CER with conical electrodes was accompanied by a 25% decrease in hydrogen production. In addition, both cylindrical and conical electrodes were able to heat 500 ml of seawater by approximately 6–7 °C over a 2-min period with cylindrical electrodes heating slightly less than conical electrodes.
{"title":"Seawater electrolysis at ultra-high current density: A comparative analysis of cylindrical versus conical electrodes","authors":"Søren A. Tornøe , John W. Koster , Andy V. Surin , Jacob H. Sands , Nobuhiko P. Kobayashi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seawater electrolysis preferentially leans towards Chlorine Evolution Reaction (CER) over Oxygen Evolution Reactions (OER) under conventional conditions, but OER becomes more dominant at sufficiently higher current densities. In this study, we evaluated the effector of cylindrical and conical electrode geometries on CER and hydrogen production at high current density (i.e., >1 A cm<sup>−2</sup>). We found the point of lowest CER within a voltage range of 40 V–90 V. Conical electrodes, optimized to reduce CER, produced a magnitude less chloride (502 ppb) than cylindrical electrodes (1485 ppb) at nearly double the current density (∼12 and ∼6 A cm<sup>−2</sup> respectively). However, this reduction in CER with conical electrodes was accompanied by a 25% decrease in hydrogen production. In addition, both cylindrical and conical electrodes were able to heat 500 ml of seawater by approximately 6–7 °C over a 2-min period with cylindrical electrodes heating slightly less than conical electrodes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"114 ","pages":"Pages 9-17"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143547864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently, there has been growing interest in electrolysis under forced periodic dynamic conditions, known as pulsed electrolysis, due to its potential to enhance cell efficiency. In the context of water electrolysis, there is ongoing debate about whether pulsed electrolysis, which involves a superposition of direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC), can improve the efficiency compared to the steady-state (DC) operation. Some studies suggest that pulsed electrolysis enhances process efficiency while others report a decline. Here, we present a compelling argument that pulsed electrolysis consistently deteriorates the efficiency of water electrolysis. A proof using Jensen’s inequality demonstrates that enhancing efficiency under pulsed electrolysis is impossible. The proof employs a common model describing the PEM electrolysis cell. Our findings conclude that steady-state (DC) operation is the optimal operating strategy to minimize specific power consumption and thus maximize the efficiency of water electrolyzers. We expect similar results for other electrolyzer models.
{"title":"Efficiency improvement by pulsed water electrolysis: An unjustified hope","authors":"Simon Puteanus , Tamara Miličić , Ute Feldmann , Tanja Vidaković-Koch","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, there has been growing interest in electrolysis under forced periodic dynamic conditions, known as pulsed electrolysis, due to its potential to enhance cell efficiency. In the context of water electrolysis, there is ongoing debate about whether pulsed electrolysis, which involves a superposition of direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC), can improve the efficiency compared to the steady-state (DC) operation. Some studies suggest that pulsed electrolysis enhances process efficiency while others report a decline. Here, we present a compelling argument that pulsed electrolysis consistently deteriorates the efficiency of water electrolysis. A proof using Jensen’s inequality demonstrates that enhancing efficiency under pulsed electrolysis is impossible. The proof employs a common model describing the PEM electrolysis cell. Our findings conclude that steady-state (DC) operation is the optimal operating strategy to minimize specific power consumption and thus maximize the efficiency of water electrolyzers. We expect similar results for other electrolyzer models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"113 ","pages":"Pages 478-484"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.476
Ryun-Ho Kwak, Sojin Jung, Tae-Yoon Park, Sung-Min Park, Hyung-Ki Park
This study investigated the microstructural features and hydrogen storage properties of TiFe-based quaternary alloys, where Fe in the TiFe0.8Mn0.2 alloy was additionally substituted with the transition metals of V, Cr, Co, Ni, and Cu (TiFe0.7Mn0.2X0.1 (X = V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu)). The TiFe0.8Mn0.2 alloy exhibited a dual-phase microstructure consisting of the B2 and C14 Laves phases. The substitution of Fe with V, Cr, and Ni increased the Laves phase percentage, while the formation of the Laves phase was suppressed in alloys with Co and Cu substitutions. In all the alloys, a small amount of the Ti2Fe phase was precipitated. The room-temperature activation properties of the alloys were evaluated. The TiFe0.7Mn0.2Cr0.1 alloy, with the highest Laves phase percentage, exhibited the fastest first hydrogenation kinetics, while the kinetics slowed as the Laves phase percentage decreased. The TiFe0.7Mn0.2Co0.1 and TiFe0.7Mn0.2Cu0.1 alloys, which did not form the Laves phase, displayed slower kinetics; however, the room-temperature activation was still achievable due to the formation of the Ti2Fe phase. The hydrogen storage properties of the alloys were examined. The TiFe0.7Mn0.2V0.1 and TiFe0.7Mn0.2Co0.1 alloys exhibited similar hydrogen absorption and desorption behaviors to the TiFe0.8Mn0.2 alloy, while the other alloys showed steeper plateau pressure slopes. The effective hydrogen storage capacities were evaluated under conditions of hydrogen absorption up to 10 bar at 30 °C and hydrogen desorption down to 2 bar at 70 °C. The TiFe0.7Mn0.2V0.1 alloy exhibited a similar effective hydrogen storage capacity to the TiFe0.8Mn0.2 alloy, whereas the storage capacity of the TiFe0.7Mn0.2Co0.1 alloy was reduced. These analyses confirmed that substituting Fe with V in the TiFe0.8Mn0.2 alloy enhanced first hydrogenation kinetics while maintaining excellent effective hydrogen storage capacity.
{"title":"Microstructural feature and hydrogen storage properties of TiFe0.7Mn0.2X0.1 (X = V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu) hydrogen storage alloy","authors":"Ryun-Ho Kwak, Sojin Jung, Tae-Yoon Park, Sung-Min Park, Hyung-Ki Park","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the microstructural features and hydrogen storage properties of TiFe-based quaternary alloys, where Fe in the TiFe<sub>0</sub><sub>.</sub><sub>8</sub>Mn<sub>0.2</sub> alloy was additionally substituted with the transition metals of V, Cr, Co, Ni, and Cu (TiFe<sub>0</sub><sub>.</sub><sub>7</sub>Mn<sub>0.2</sub>X<sub>0.1</sub> (X = V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu)). The TiFe<sub>0</sub><sub>.</sub><sub>8</sub>Mn<sub>0.2</sub> alloy exhibited a dual-phase microstructure consisting of the B2 and C14 Laves phases. The substitution of Fe with V, Cr, and Ni increased the Laves phase percentage, while the formation of the Laves phase was suppressed in alloys with Co and Cu substitutions. In all the alloys, a small amount of the Ti<sub>2</sub>Fe phase was precipitated. The room-temperature activation properties of the alloys were evaluated. The TiFe<sub>0</sub><sub>.</sub><sub>7</sub>Mn<sub>0</sub><sub>.</sub><sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>0.1</sub> alloy, with the highest Laves phase percentage, exhibited the fastest first hydrogenation kinetics, while the kinetics slowed as the Laves phase percentage decreased. The TiFe<sub>0</sub><sub>.</sub><sub>7</sub>Mn<sub>0</sub><sub>.</sub><sub>2</sub>Co<sub>0.1</sub> and TiFe<sub>0</sub><sub>.</sub><sub>7</sub>Mn<sub>0</sub><sub>.</sub><sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>0.1</sub> alloys, which did not form the Laves phase, displayed slower kinetics; however, the room-temperature activation was still achievable due to the formation of the Ti<sub>2</sub>Fe phase. The hydrogen storage properties of the alloys were examined. The TiFe<sub>0</sub><sub>.</sub><sub>7</sub>Mn<sub>0</sub><sub>.</sub><sub>2</sub>V<sub>0.1</sub> and TiFe<sub>0</sub><sub>.</sub><sub>7</sub>Mn<sub>0</sub><sub>.</sub><sub>2</sub>Co<sub>0.1</sub> alloys exhibited similar hydrogen absorption and desorption behaviors to the TiFe<sub>0</sub>.<sub>8</sub>Mn<sub>0.2</sub> alloy, while the other alloys showed steeper plateau pressure slopes. The effective hydrogen storage capacities were evaluated under conditions of hydrogen absorption up to 10 bar at 30 °C and hydrogen desorption down to 2 bar at 70 °C. The TiFe<sub>0</sub><sub>.</sub><sub>7</sub>Mn<sub>0</sub><sub>.</sub><sub>2</sub>V<sub>0</sub><sub>.</sub><sub>1</sub> alloy exhibited a similar effective hydrogen storage capacity to the TiFe<sub>0</sub><sub>.</sub><sub>8</sub>Mn<sub>0.2</sub> alloy, whereas the storage capacity of the TiFe<sub>0</sub><sub>.</sub><sub>7</sub>Mn<sub>0</sub><sub>.</sub><sub>2</sub>Co<sub>0.1</sub> alloy was reduced. These analyses confirmed that substituting Fe with V in the TiFe<sub>0</sub><sub>.</sub><sub>8</sub>Mn<sub>0.2</sub> alloy enhanced first hydrogenation kinetics while maintaining excellent effective hydrogen storage capacity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"113 ","pages":"Pages 485-494"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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